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Wang Y, Yu Y, Luo X, Tan Q, Fu Y, Zheng C, Wang D, Chen N. Prioritizing ecological restoration in hydrologically sensitive areas to improve groundwater quality. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121247. [PMID: 38335751 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Greening is the optimal way to mitigate climate change and water quality degradation caused by agricultural expansion and rapid urbanization. However, the ideal sites to plant trees or grass to achieve a win-win solution between the environment and the economy remain unknown. Here, we performed a nationwide survey on groundwater nutrients (nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, dissolved reactive phosphorus) and heavy metals (vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, arsenic, strontium, molybdenum, cadmium, and lead) in China, and combined it with the global/national soil property database and machine learning (random forest) methods to explore the linkages between land use within hydrologically sensitive areas (HSAs) and groundwater quality from the perspective of hydrological connectivity. We found that HSAs occupy approximately 20 % of the total land area and are hotspots for transferring nutrients and heavy metals from the land surface to the saturated zone. In particular, the proportion of natural lands within HSAs significantly contributes 8.0 % of the variability in groundwater nutrients and heavy metals in China (p < 0.01), which is equivalent to their contribution (8.8 %) at the regional scale (radius = 4 km, area = 50 km2). Increasing the proportion of natural lands within HSAs improves groundwater quality, as indicated by the significant reduction in the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, manganese, arsenic, strontium, and molybdenum (p < 0.05). These new findings suggest that prioritizing ecological restoration in HSAs is conducive to achieving the harmony between the environment (improving groundwater quality) and economy (reducing investment in area management).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiqi Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute (SRI), The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoguo Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenhe Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Deli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Nengwang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Jiang X, Wang M, He D, Zhu J, Yang S, Fang F, Yang L. Submerged macrophyte promoted nitrogen removal function of biofilms in constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169666. [PMID: 38184255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is one of the important factors affecting nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). However, the impact of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion of biofilms on leaf of submerged macrophyte and matrix remains poorly understood. In this study, the CWs with Vallisneria natans and with artificial plant were established to investigate the effects of submerged macrophyte on nitrogen conversion and the composition of nitrogen-converting bacteria in leaf and matrix biofilms under high ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) loading. The 16S rRNA sequencing method was employed to explore the changes in bacterial communities in biofilms in CWs. The results showed that average removal rates of total nitrogen and NH4+-N in CW with V. natans reached 71.38% and 82.08%, respectively, representing increases of 24.19% and 28.79% compared with the control with artificial plant. Scanning electron microscope images indicated that high NH4+-N damaged the leaf cells of V. natans, leading to the cellular content release and subsequent increases of aqueous total organic carbon. However, the specific surface area and carrier function of V. natans were unaffected within 25 days. As a natural source of organic matters, submerged macrophyte provided organic matters for bacterial growth in biofilms. Bacterial composition analysis revealed the predominance of phylum Proteobacteria in CW with V. natans. The numbers of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in leaf biofilms reached 1.66 × 105 cells/g and 1.05 × 107 cells/g, as well as 2.79 × 105 cells/g and 7.41 × 107 cells/g in matrix biofilms, respectively. Submerged macrophyte significantly increased the population of nitrogen-converting bacteria and enhanced the expressions of nitrification genes (amoA and hao) and denitrification genes (napA, nirS and nosZ) in both leaf and matrix biofilms. Therefore, our study emphasized the influence of submerged macrophyte on biofilm functions and provided a scientific basis for nitrogen removal of biofilms in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Di He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shunqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, PR China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Deng WK, He JL, Chen JY, Wu RT, Xing SC, Liao XD. Effects of microplastics on functional genes related to CH 4 and N 2O metabolism in bacteriophages during manure composting and its planting applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132288. [PMID: 37611393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as a new type of pollutant, widely exist in livestock and poultry breeding and agricultural soils. However, research on MPs pollution on greenhouse gas emissions in combined planting and breeding systems is lacking, especially from the perspective of phage horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, this paper explores the effects of MPs on functional genes related to CH4 and N2O metabolism in bacteriophages during manure composting and its planting applications. The results of the study indicated that the addition of MPs had an impact on both the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of manure during the composting process and on the compost-applied rhizosphere soil of lactuca (Lactuca sativa). Specifically, on day 7 of composting, mcrA/pmoA and (nirS+nirK) levels in bacteria in the MP group significantly increased. Additionally, it was observed that the MP group had higher average temperatures during the high-temperature period of composting, which led to a rapid reduction in phages. However, the phage levels quickly recovered during the cooling period. Furthermore, the addition of MPs to the rhizosphere soil resulted in higher levels of nirK. These changes may affect greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kang Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Liang He
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui-Ting Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Cheng Xing
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Di Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Yan K, Luo YH, Li YJ, Du LP, Gui H, Chen SC. Trajectories of soil microbial recovery in response to restoration strategies in one of the largest and oldest open-pit phosphate mine in Asia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115215. [PMID: 37421785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Southwestern China has the largest geological phosphorus-rich mountain in the world, which is seriously degraded by mining activities. Understanding the trajectory of soil microbial recovery and identifying the driving factors behind such restoration, as well as conducting corresponding predictive simulations, can be instrumental in facilitating ecological rehabilitation. Here, high-throughput sequencing and machine learning-based approaches were employed to investigate restoration chronosequences under four restoration strategies (spontaneous re-vegetation with or without topsoil; artificial re-vegetation with or without the addition of topsoil) in one of the largest and oldest open-pit phosphate mines worldwide. Although soil phosphorus (P) is extremely high here (max = 68.3 mg/g), some phosphate solubilizing bacteria and mycorrhiza fungi remain as the predominant functional types. Soil stoichiometry ratios (C:P and N:P) closely relate to the bacterial variation, but soil P content contributes less to microbial dynamics. Meanwhile, as restoration age increases, denitrifying bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased. Significantly, based on partial least squares path analysis, it was found that the restoration strategy is the primary factor that drives soil bacterial and fungal composition as well as functional types through both direct and indirect effects. These indirect effects arise from factors such as soil thickness, moisture, nutrient stoichiometry, pH, and plant composition. Moreover, its indirect effects constitute the main driving force towards microbial diversity and functional variation. Using a hierarchical Bayesian model, scenario analysis reveals that the recovery trajectories of soil microbes are contingent upon changes in restoration stage and treatment strategy; inappropriate plant allocation may impede the recovery of the soil microbial community. This study is helpful for understanding the dynamics of the restoration process in degraded phosphorus-rich ecosystems, and subsequently selecting more reasonable recovery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201 Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yun-Ju Li
- The State Phosphorus Resource Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co. Ltd, Kunming 650607, China
| | - Ling-Pan Du
- The State Phosphorus Resource Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co. Ltd, Kunming 650607, China
| | - Heng Gui
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Centre for Mountain Futures (CMF), Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074 Hubei, China; Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK.
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Zhang X, Chen F, Xu B. Applied research on aquatic macrophyte fermentation broth in SBR denitrification. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2097-2106. [PMID: 34008898 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the traditional biological process for nitrogen removal, an insufficient carbon source is often the limiting factor. To solve this problem, reed fermentation broth was selected as the source of denitrification carbon for nitrogen removal in a SBR, and the influence of different C/N conditions on the denitrification and the characteristics of bacteria in the reactor were examined. Leaching experiments with reeds employed fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry and revealed that the reed material had a high capacity for carbon release, the average dissolved organic carbon release content proportion was 11.3 mg/g, and the dissolved organic matter mainly consisted of humic acid-like compounds. Using reed fermentation broth as an additional carbon source promoted the denitrification of wastewater by microbes. When reed fermentation broth was added at a C/N ratio of 6, the best nitrogen efficiency for nitrogen removal was 88.3-96.4%. Analyses of microbial diversity indicated that in the SBR reactor, the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria at the genus level reached 38.5%. These results revealed that reed fermentation broth promoted the growth of anaerobic denitrifying bacteria and improved the efficiency of denitrification. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the use of reed fermentation broth as an external carbon source that increases the efficiency for denitrification of wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Using fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry and parallel factor analysis to evaluate the supply capacity of DOMs released from reed. Research the feasibility of reed fermented broth as external carbon source under the condition of extremely low carbon source. Provides theoretical guidance for deep denitrification in sewage treatment plant with SBR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuai Chen
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
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Effects of Different Continuous Cropping Years on Bacterial Community and Diversity of Cucumber Rhizosphere Soil in Solar-Greenhouse. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2380-2390. [PMID: 33871692 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere soils from 1, 3, 5, and 7 years of cucumber continuous cropping in solar-greenhouse were used as the research objects. The region of bacterial 16S rRNA was analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The effect of continuous cropping years on the microbial community structure and diversity in cucumber soil in the greenhouse was investigated. The physical and chemical properties of soil and the activities of urease and catalase were determined. The results showed that cucumber crop succession for different years affected the community composition of the bacteria at the phylum level, and the abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Patescibacteria and Firmicutes gradually increased, while Actinobacteria in the soil significantly decreased. Among the top 15 significantly different genera, with the extension of successive years, the relative abundance of most genera in bacteria decreased after a small increase in year 3. The diversity results indicated that soil samples from continuous cropping for 7 years had the lowest community diversity. PICRUSt analysis showed a decreasing trend in soil bacterial function as the cucumber crop succession age increased. In environmental factor clustering analysis, the soil bacterial community was significantly correlated with pH, available nitrogen (AN), soil urease (SUR) and available phosphorus (AP), and the effect on the bacterial community was expressed as SUR > AP > AN > pH.
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Liu J, Su J, Ali A, Wang Z, Chen C, Xu L. Role of porous polymer carriers and iron-carbon bioreactor combined micro-electrolysis and biological denitrification in efficient removal of nitrate from wastewater under low carbon to nitrogen ratio. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124447. [PMID: 33302007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current research, a novel bioreactor composed of porous polymer carriers and iron-carbon (PPC@FeC) was established through bacterial immobilized technology. The influence of key factors was studied on the nitrate removal performance of the PPC@FeC bioreactor. The experimental results showed that the highest removal rate of nitrate (7.33 mg L-1 h-1) can be obtained with short hydraulic retention times (HRT = 2.0 h) and low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N = 2.0). The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that Zoogloea sp. L2 was the dominant strain in bioreactor responsible for nitrate removal. Moreover, the SEM and XRD analyses elucidated that Fe2O3 was the final product produced by the interaction of FeC and strain L2. These findings showed that the PPC@FeC bioreactor successfully combined micro-electrolysis and biological denitrification, which exhibited great potential in removing nitrate effectively from wastewater under low C/N ratio and short HRT conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology University of South Australia An De College, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology University of South Australia An De College, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Changlun Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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