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Ishak S, Rondeau-Leclaire J, Faticov M, Roy S, Laforest-Lapointe I. Boreal moss-microbe interactions are revealed through metagenome assembly of novel bacterial species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22168. [PMID: 39333734 PMCID: PMC11437008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Moss-microbe interactions contribute to ecosystem processes in boreal forests. Yet, how host-specific characteristics and the environment drive the composition and metabolic potential of moss microbiomes is still poorly understood. In this study, we use shotgun metagenomics to identify the taxonomy and metabolic potential of the bacteria of four moss species of the boreal forests of Northern Québec, Canada. To characterize moss bacterial community composition and diversity, we assembled the genomes of 110 potentially novel bacterial species. Our results highlight that moss genus, species, gametophyte section, and to a lesser extent soil pH and soil temperature, drive moss-associated bacterial community composition and diversity. In the brown gametophyte section, two Stigonema spp. showed partial pathway completeness for photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, while all brown-associated Hyphomicrobiales had complete assimilatory nitrate reduction pathways and many nearly complete carbon fixation pathways. Several brown-associated species showed partial to complete pathways for coenzyme M and F420 biosynthesis, important for methane metabolism. In addition, green-associated Hyphomicrobiales (Methylobacteria spp.) displayed potential for the anoxygenic photosystem II pathway. Overall, our findings demonstrate how host-specific characteristics and environmental factors shape the composition and metabolic potential of moss bacteria, highlighting their roles in carbon fixation, nitrogen cycling, and methane metabolism in boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ishak
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Maria Faticov
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre SÈVE, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Zhao M, Sun Y, Liu S, Li Y, Chen Y. Effects of stand density on the structure of soil microbial functional groups in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169337. [PMID: 38103600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the responses of soil microbial functional groups to changes in stand density is crucial for understanding the sustainability of forest development. In this study, we obtained soil samples from Robinia pseudoacacia plantations of three different stand densities (low, middle, and high densities of 750, 1125, and 1550 trees ha-1, respectively) in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, China. We sought to determine the effects of stand density on the structure of soil microbial functional groups. Stand density had no significant effects on species diversity indices of fungal trophic modes or bacterial functional groups involved in carbon (C) cycling and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, differences in stand density substantially altered the composition of fungal functional groups. In low-density plantations, saprophytic fungi were the main trophic mode, with a high relative abundance of ∼62 %, whereas the fungal communities associated with middle- and high-density plantations were dominated by other fungi with a combined trophic mode, which accounted for ∼43 % and ∼41 % of the fungal trophic modes, respectively. Furthermore, we detected increases in the relative abundance of plant pathogens, nitrifiers, and nitrous oxide-denitrifying bacteria with increasing stand density. Results of the Monte Carlo test showed that soil pH influenced the composition of soil fungal (but not bacterial) groups. These findings suggested that a high density of trees might inhibit the decomposition of recalcitrant organic material and stimulate nitrous oxide emission, consequently decreasing soil nutrient availability and stimulating soil N loss. Moreover, high-density stands might increase the potential risk for plant disease. Overall, the present study suggested that reducing stand density to coverage between 750 and 1125 trees ha-1 would increase soil nutrient availability and prevent N loss from the soil. To verify these suppositions, further research is needed to determine the links between microbial functional groups composition and soil biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yarong Sun
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yichun Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunming Chen
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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3
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Calderón Celis F, González-Álvarez I, Fabjanowicz M, Godin S, Ouerdane L, Lauga B, Łobiński R. Unveiling the Pool of Metallophores in Native Environments and Correlation with Their Potential Producers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17302-17311. [PMID: 37921623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
For many organisms, metallophores are essential biogenic ligands that ensure metal scavenging and acquisition from their environment. Their identification is challenging in highly organic matter rich environments like peatlands due to low solubilization and metal scarcity and high matrix complexity. In contrast to common approaches based on sample modification by spiking of metal isotope tags, we have developed a two-dimensional (2D) Solid-phase extraction-Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS) approach for the highly sensitive (LOD 40 fmol per g of soil), high-resolution direct detection and identification of metallophores in both their noncomplexed (apo) and metal-complexed forms in native environments. The characterization of peat collected in the Bernadouze (France) peatland resulted in the identification of 53 metallophores by a database mass-based search, 36 among which are bacterial. Furthermore, the detection of the characteristic (natural) metal isotope patterns in MS resulted in the detection of both Fe and Cu potential complexes. A taxonomic-based inference method was implemented based on literature and public database (antiSMASH database version 3.0) searches, enabling to associate over 40% of the identified bacterial metallophores with potential producers. In some cases, low completeness with the MIBiG reference BCG might be indicative of alternative producers in the ecosystem. Thus, coupling of metallophore detection and producers' inference could pave a new way to investigate poorly documented environment searching for new metallophores and their producers yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Fabjanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Simon Godin
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Laurent Ouerdane
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Béatrice Lauga
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Ryszard Łobiński
- E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 64000 Pau, France
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Tian W, Wang H, Xiang X, Loni PC, Qiu X, Wang R, Huang X, Tuovinen OH. Water table level controls methanogenic and methanotrophic communities and methane emissions in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0199223. [PMID: 37747896 PMCID: PMC10580971 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01992-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are important sources of the greenhouse gas methane emissions equipoised by methanogens and methanotrophs. However, knowledge about how microbial functional groups associated with methane production and oxidation respond to water table fluctuations has been limited to date. Here, methane-related microbial communities and the potentials of methane production and oxidation were determined along sectioned peat layers in a subalpine peatland across four Sphagnum-dominated sites with different water table levels. Methane fluxes were also monitored at these sites. The results showed that mcrA gene copies for methanogens were the highest in the 10- to 15-cm peat layer, which was also characterized by the maximum potential methane production (24.53 ± 1.83 nmol/g/h). Copy numbers of the pmoA gene for type Ia and Ib methanotrophs were enriched in the 0-5 cm peat layer with the highest potential methane oxidation (43.09 ± 3.44 nmol/g/h). For the type II methanotrophs, the pmoA gene copies were higher in the 10- to 15-cm peat layer. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens and type II methanotrophs dominated the methane functional groups. Deterministic process contributed more to methanogenic and methanotrophic community assemblages in comparison with stochastic process. The level of water table significantly shaped methanogenic and methanotrophic community structures and regulated methane fluxes. Compared with vascular plants, Sphagnum mosses significantly reduced the methane emissions in peatlands. Collectively, these findings enhance a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the water table level on methane functional groups, with consequential implications for reducing methane emissions within peatland ecosystems.IMPORTANCEThe water table level is recognized as a critical factor in regulating methane emissions, which are largely dependent on the balance of methanogens and methanotrophs. Previous studies on peat methane emissions have been mostly focused on spatial-temporal variations and the relationship with meteorological conditions. However, the role of the water table level in methane emissions remains unknown. In this work, four representative microhabitats along a water table gradient in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland were sampled to gain an insight into methane functional communities and methane emissions as affected by the water table level. The changes in methane-related microbial community structure and assembly were used to characterize the response to the water table level. This study improves the understanding of the changes in methane-related microbial communities and methane emissions with water table levels in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology of University, Chuzhou, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Prakash C. Loni
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Olli H. Tuovinen
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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5
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Núñez-Gómez D, Melgarejo P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Martínez-Font R, Lidón V, Legua P. Effects of marine sediment as agricultural substrate on soil microbial diversity: an amplicon sequencing study. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:69. [PMID: 37550709 PMCID: PMC10408225 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soil microbiota has a direct impact on plant development and other metabolic systems, such as the degradation of organic matter and the availability of microelements and metabolites. In the context of agricultural soils, microbial activity is crucial for maintaining soil health and productivity. Thus, the present study aimed to identify, characterize, and quantify the microbial communities of four types of substrates with varying proportions of marine port sediment used for cultivating lemons. By investigating microbial diversity and relative abundance, the work aimed to highlight the importance of soil microbial communities in agriculture when alternative culture media was used. RESULTS The composition and structure of the sampled microbial communities were assessed through the amplification and sequencing of the V3-V4 variable regions of the 16 S rRNA gene The results revealed a diverse microbial community composition in all substrate samples, with a total of 41 phyla, 113 classes, 266 orders, 405 families, 715 genera, and 1513 species identified. Among these, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Planctomycetota, Patescibacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, and Gemmatimonadota accounted for over 90% of the bacterial reads, indicating their dominance in the substrates. CONCLUSIONS The impact of the substrate origin on the diversity and relative abundace of the microbiota was confirmed. The higher content of beneficial bacterial communities for plant development identified in peat could explain why is considered an ideal agricultural substrate. Development of "beneficial for plants" bacterial communities in alternative agricultural substrates, regardless of the edaphic characteristics, opens the possibility of studying the forced and specific inoculation of these culture media aiming to be agriculturally ideals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain.
| | - Juan José Martínez-Nicolás
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - Rafael Martínez-Font
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - Vicente Lidón
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernandez University, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, Orihuela, Alicante, 03312, Spain
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Bandekar M, Abdolahpur Monikh F, Kekäläinen J, Tahvanainen T, Kortet R, Zhang P, Guo Z, Akkanen J, Leskinen JTT, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Krishna Darbha G, Grossart HP, Valsami-Jones E, Kukkonen JVK. Submicron Plastic Adsorption by Peat, Accumulation in Sphagnum Mosses and Influence on Bacterial Communities in Peatland Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15661-15671. [PMID: 36326287 PMCID: PMC9670847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The smallest fraction of plastic pollution, submicron plastics (SMPs <1 μm) are expected to be ubiquitous in the environment. No information is available about SMPs in peatlands, which have a key role in sequestering carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. It is unknown how these plastic particles might behave and interact with (micro)organisms in these ecosystems. Here, we show that the chemical composition of polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-SMPs influenced their adsorption to peat. Consequently, this influenced the accumualtion of SMPs by Sphagnum moss and the composition and diversity of the microbial communities in peatland. Natural organic matter (NOM), which adsorbs from the surrounding water to the surface of SMPs, decreased the adsorption of the particles to peat and their accumulation by Sphagnum moss. However, the presence of NOM on SMPs significantly altered the bacterial community structure compared to SMPs without NOM. Our findings show that peatland ecosystems can potentially adsorb plastic particles. This can not only impact mosses themselves but also change the local microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Bandekar
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
- Department
of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz
Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Jukka Kekäläinen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Raine Kortet
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | - Peng Zhang
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
| | | | | | - Gopala Krishna Darbha
- Environmental
Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Department
of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz
Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- School
of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Jussi V. K. Kukkonen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu-Kuopio 80101, Finland
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Man B, Xiang X, Zhang J, Cheng G, Zhang C, Luo Y, Qin Y. Keystone Taxa and Predictive Functional Analysis of Sphagnum palustre Tank Microbiomes in Erxianyan Peatland, Central China. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1436. [PMID: 36290340 PMCID: PMC9598613 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sphagnum is a fundamental ecosystem of engineers, including more than 300 species around the world. These species host diverse microbes, either endosymbiotic or ectosymbiotic, and are key to carbon sequestration in peatland ecosystems. However, the linkages between different types of Sphagnum and the diversity and ecological functions of Sphagnum-associated microbiomes are poorly known, and so are their joint responses to ecological functions. Here, we systematically investigated endophytes in Sphagnum palustre via next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in the Erxianyan peatland, central China. The total bacterial microbiome was classified into 38 phyla and 55 classes, 122 orders and 490 genera. The top 8 phyla of Proteobacteria (33.69%), Firmicutes (11.94%), Bacteroidetes (9.42%), Actinobacteria (6.53%), Planctomycetes (6.37%), Gemmatimonadetes (3.05%), Acidobacteria (5.59%) and Cyanobacteria (1.71%) occupied 78.31% of total OTUs. The core microbiome of S. palustre was mainly distributed mainly in 7 phyla, 9 classes, 15 orders, 22 families and 43 known genera. There were many differences in core microbiomes compared to those in the common higher plants. We further demonstrate that the abundant functional groups have a substantial potential for nitrogen fixation, carbon cycle, nitrate metabolism, sulfate respiration and chitinolysis. These results indicate that potential ecological function of Sphagnum palustre in peatlands is partially rooted in its microbiomes, and that incorporating into functional groups of Sphagnum-associated microbiomes can promote mechanistic understanding of Sphagnum ecology in subalpine peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiying Man
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Junzhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Higher Education Institutions, South West Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Yang Luo
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Yangmin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Chen KH, Nelson J. A scoping review of bryophyte microbiota: diverse microbial communities in small plant packages. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4496-4513. [PMID: 35536989 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant health depends not only on the condition of the plant itself but also on its diverse community of microbes, or microbiota. Just like the better-studied angiosperms, bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) harbor diverse communities of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other microbial eukaryotes. Bryophytes are increasingly recognized as important model systems for understanding plant evolution, development, physiology, and symbiotic interactions. Much of the work on bryophyte microbiota in the past focused on specific symbiont types for each bryophyte group, but more recent studies are taking a broader view acknowledging the coexistence of diverse microbial communities in bryophytes. Therefore, this review integrates studies of bryophyte microbes from both perspectives to provide a holistic view of the existing research for each bryophyte group and on key themes. The systematic search also reveals the taxonomic and geographic biases in this field, including a severe under-representation of the tropics, very few studies on viruses or eukaryotic microbes beyond fungi, and a focus on mycorrhizal fungi studies in liverworts. Such gaps may have led to errors in conclusions about evolutionary patterns in symbiosis. This analysis points to a wealth of future research directions that promise to reveal how the distinct life cycles and physiology of bryophytes interact with their microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsuan Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Nelson
- Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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9
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Lin Q, Wang S, Li Y, Riaz L, Yu F, Yang Q, Han S, Ma J. Effects and mechanisms of land-types conversion on greenhouse gas emissions in the Yellow River floodplain wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152406. [PMID: 34921878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and extent of changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from seasonal river-floodplain wetlands subjected to land-type conversion are unknown. We monitored GHG fluxes and characterized soil microbial communities in four types of wetland (Riverside lower-beach wetland (RLW), Riverside higher-beach wetland (RHW), Cultivated wetland (CW), Mesophytic wetland (MW)) in the Yellow River flood land. Results revealed that land reclamation activities altered the distribution patterns of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soil, as well as the structure and activities of microbial communities, leading to changes in the GHG emissions. Cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions were highest in CW, which were 2.10-10.71 times and 3.19-8.61 times greater than the other three wetlands, respectively, whereas cumulative CH4 emissions were highest in RLW (1850.192 mg·m-2). CW exhibited the highest 100-years-scale Global Warming Potential (GWP100-CO2-eq) (81.175 t CO2-eq·ha-1), which was 9.93, 3.12, and 2.11 times greater than RLW, RHW, and MW. Moreover, reclaiming riverside wetland as farmland will increase CO2 and N2O emission fluxes by 54.546-72.684 t·ha-1 and 2.615-2.988 kg·ha-1, respectively. 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing revealed that bacterial community composition changed significantly overtime and seasons. GHG fluxes showed a significant positive linear correlation with bacterial OTUs (y = 0.71x-319.4, R2 = 0.304) and Shannon index (y = 228.62x-796.6, R2 = 0.336). Structure equation models indicated that soil C, N and moisture content were the primary factors influencing bacterial community evolution, which had an impact on GHG fluxes. Actinomycetes were significantly affected by total carbon (TC) content, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and C/N, while ammonia oxidizing and nitrifying bacteria were greatly influenced by NO3--N rather than TN and NH4+-N content. Opportunities exist to reduce GHG emissions and mitigate climate change by maintaining the original state of riverside wetland or restoring cultivated land to wetland in the Yellow River floodplain wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 453007, PR China
| | - Shishi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yingchen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 453007, PR China
| | - Luqman Riaz
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 453007, PR China.
| | - Qingxiang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 453007, PR China
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Puyang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Yellow River Wetland Ecosystem, Henan Province, PR China; Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioconversion Technology of Functional Microbes, College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 453007, PR China.
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10
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Etto RM, Jesus EDC, Cruz LM, Schneider BSF, Tomachewski D, Urrea-Valencia S, Gonçalves DRP, Galvão F, Ayub RA, Curcio GR, Steffens MBR, Galvão CW. Influence of environmental factors on the tropical peatlands diazotrophic communities from the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:543-554. [PMID: 34951701 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tropical peatlands of southern Brazil are essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Rain Forest, one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity in the world. Although diazotrophic microorganisms are essential for the maintenance of this nitrogen limited ecosystem, so far studies have focused only on microorganisms involved in the carbon cycle. In this work, peat samples were collected from three tropical peatland regions during dry and rainy seasons and their chemical and microbial characteristics were evaluated. Our results showed that the structure of the diazotrophic communities in the Brazilian tropical peatlands differs in the evaluated seasons. The abundance of the genus Bradyrhizobium showed to be affected by rainfall and peat pH. Despite the shifts of the nitrogen fixing population in the tropical peatland caused by seasonality it showed to be constantly dominated by α-Proteobacteria followed by Cyanobacteria. In addition, more than 50% of nifH gene sequences have not been classified, indicating the necessity for more studies in tropical peatland, since the reduction of N supply in the peatlands stimulates the recalcitrant organic matter decomposition performed by peatland microorganisms, influencing the C stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mazer Etto
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Magalhães Cruz
- Nucleus of Nitrogen Fixation, Federal University of Paraná, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Tomachewski
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Salomé Urrea-Valencia
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Franklin Galvão
- Forest Ecology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP, 80210-170, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Ayub
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Weigert Galvão
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
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11
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Jackson D, Maltz MR, Freund HL, Borneman J, Aronson E. Environment and Diet Influence the Bacterial Microbiome of Ambigolimax valentianus, an Invasive Slug in California. INSECTS 2021; 12:575. [PMID: 34201881 PMCID: PMC8307491 DOI: 10.3390/insects12070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ambigolimax valentianus is an invasive European terrestrial gastropod distributed throughout California. It is a serious pest of gardens, plant nurseries, and greenhouses. We evaluated the bacterial microbiome of whole slugs to capture a more detailed picture of bacterial diversity and composition in this host. We concentrated on the influences of diet and environment on the Ambigolimax valentianus core bacterial microbiome as a starting point for obtaining valuable information to aid in future slug microbiome studies. Ambigolimax valentianus were collected from two environments (gardens or reared from eggs in a laboratory). DNA from whole slugs were extracted and next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Slug microbiomes differed between environmental sources (garden- vs. lab-reared) and were influenced by a sterile diet. Lab-reared slugs fed an unsterile diet harbored greater bacterial species than garden-reared slugs. A small core microbiome was present that was shared across all slug treatments. This is consistent with our hypothesis that a core microbiome is present and will not change due to these treatments. Findings from this study will help elucidate the impacts of slug-assisted bacterial dispersal on soils and plants, while providing valuable information about the slug microbiome for potential integrated pest research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (D.J.); (H.L.F.); (J.B.)
- Natural Science Division, Porterville College, Porterville, CA 93257, USA
| | - Mia R. Maltz
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hannah L. Freund
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (D.J.); (H.L.F.); (J.B.)
- Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (D.J.); (H.L.F.); (J.B.)
| | - Emma Aronson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (D.J.); (H.L.F.); (J.B.)
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
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12
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Tian W, Xiang X, Wang H. Differential Impacts of Water Table and Temperature on Bacterial Communities in Pore Water From a Subalpine Peatland, Central China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:649981. [PMID: 34122363 PMCID: PMC8193233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.649981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of water table and temperature are two environmental variables shaping soil bacterial communities, particularly in peatland ecosystems. However, discerning the specific impact of these two factors on bacterial communities in natural ecosystems is challenging. To address this issue, we collected pore water samples across different months (August and November in 2017 and May 2018) with a gradient of water table changes and temperatures at the Dajiuhu peatland, Central China. The samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and Biolog EcoMicroplates. Bacterial communities varied in the relative abundances of dominant taxa and harbored exclusive indicator operational taxonomic units across the different months. Despite these differences, bacterial communities showed high similarities in carbon utilization, with preferences for esters (pyruvic acid methyl ester, Tween 40, Tween 80, and D-galactonic acid γ-lactone), amino acids (L-arginine and L-threonine), and amines (phenylethylamine and putrescine). However, rates of carbon utilization (as indicated by average well-color development) and metabolic diversity (McIntosh and Shannon index) in May and August were higher than those in November. Redundancy analysis revealed that the seasonal variations in bacterial communities were significantly impacted by the level of the water table, whereas the temperature had a fundamental role in bacterial carbon utilization rate. Co-occurrence analysis identified Sphingomonas, Mucilaginibacter, Novosphingobium, Lacunisphaera, Herminiimonas, and Bradyrhizobium as keystone species, which may involve in the utilization of organic compounds such as amino acids, phenols, and others. Our findings suggest that bacterial community functions were more stable than their compositions in the context of water table changes. These findings significantly expand our current understanding of the variations of bacterial community structures and metabolic functions in peatland ecosystems in the context of global warming and fluctuation of the water table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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13
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Gupta PK, Gharedaghloo B, Lynch M, Cheng J, Strack M, Charles TC, Price JS. Dynamics of microbial populations and diversity in NAPL contaminated peat soil under varying water table conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110167. [PMID: 32926889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the risks that hydrocarbon contamination from pipeline leaks or train derailments impose on the health of peatlands in hydrocarbon production areas and transportation corridors, assessing the effect of such contaminations on the health and sustainability of peatlands has received little attention. This study investigates the impacts of hydrocarbons on peat microbial communities. Column experiments were conducted on non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminated undisturbed peat core (0-35 cm) under static and fluctuating water table conditions. Water table fluctuations reduced residual NAPL saturation from 8.1-11.3% to 7.7-9.5%. Biodegradation of n-C8 and n-C12 along with oxidation of CH4 together produced high CO2 concentrations in the headspace. Clear patterns in dynamics in the microbial community structure were observed, with a more pronounced population growth. However, a significant loss of microbial richness was observed in contaminated columns. The result indicates that the phylum Proteobacteria benefited most from NAPL; however, their families differed between static and fluctuating water table conditions. This study established strong evidence that peat microbes and water table fluctuation can be an excellent tool for hydrocarbon removal and its control in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Behrad Gharedaghloo
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; Aquanty Inc., Waterloo, ON, N2L5C6, Canada
| | - Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; Metagenom Bio, Waterloo, ON, N2L 5V4, Canada
| | - Jiujun Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; Metagenom Bio, Waterloo, ON, N2L 5V4, Canada
| | - Maria Strack
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Trevor C Charles
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada; Metagenom Bio, Waterloo, ON, N2L 5V4, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Price
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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14
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Lin W, Zhang W, Paterson GA, Zhu Q, Zhao X, Knight R, Bazylinski DA, Roberts AP, Pan Y. Expanding magnetic organelle biogenesis in the domain Bacteria. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:152. [PMID: 33126926 PMCID: PMC7602337 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of membrane-enclosed, metabolically functional organelles in Bacteria has transformed our understanding of the subcellular complexity of prokaryotic cells. Biomineralization of magnetic nanoparticles within magnetosomes by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is a fascinating example of prokaryotic organelles. Magnetosomes, as nano-sized magnetic sensors in MTB, facilitate cell navigation along the local geomagnetic field, a behaviour referred to as magnetotaxis or microbial magnetoreception. Recent discovery of novel MTB outside the traditionally recognized taxonomic lineages suggests that MTB diversity across the domain Bacteria are considerably underestimated, which limits understanding of the taxonomic distribution and evolutionary origin of magnetosome organelle biogenesis. RESULTS Here, we perform the most comprehensive metagenomic analysis available of MTB communities and reconstruct metagenome-assembled MTB genomes from diverse ecosystems. Discovery of MTB in acidic peatland soils suggests widespread MTB occurrence in waterlogged soils in addition to subaqueous sediments and water bodies. A total of 168 MTB draft genomes have been reconstructed, which represent nearly a 3-fold increase over the number currently available and more than double the known MTB species at the genome level. Phylogenomic analysis reveals that these genomes belong to 13 Bacterial phyla, six of which were previously not known to include MTB. These findings indicate a much wider taxonomic distribution of magnetosome organelle biogenesis across the domain Bacteria than previously thought. Comparative genome analysis reveals a vast diversity of magnetosome gene clusters involved in magnetosomal biogenesis in terms of gene content and synteny residing in distinct taxonomic lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of core magnetosome proteins in this largest available and taxonomically diverse dataset support an unexpectedly early evolutionary origin of magnetosome biomineralization, likely ancestral to the origin of the domain Bacteria. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB across the domain Bacteria and shed new light on the origin and evolution of microbial magnetoreception. Potential biogenesis of the magnetosome organelle in the close descendants of the last bacterial common ancestor has important implications for our understanding of the evolutionary history of bacterial cellular complexity and emphasizes the biological significance of the magnetosome organelle. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wensi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Greig A Paterson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZE, Liverpool, UK
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dennis A Bazylinski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4004, USA
| | - Andrew P Roberts
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, ACT, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Yongxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- France-China Joint Laboratory for Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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15
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Tian W, Xiang X, Ma L, Evers S, Wang R, Qiu X, Wang H. Rare Species Shift the Structure of Bacterial Communities Across Sphagnum Compartments in a Subalpine Peatland. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3138. [PMID: 32038572 PMCID: PMC6986206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphagnum-associated microbiomes are crucial to Sphagnum growth and peatland ecological functions. However, roles of rare species in bacterial communities across Sphagnum compartments are poorly understood. Here the structures of rare taxa (RT) and conditionally abundant and rare taxa (CART) from Sphagnum palustre peat (SP), S. palustre ectosphere (Ecto) and S. palustre endosphere (Endo) were investigated in the Dajiuhu Peatland, central China. Our results showed that plant compartment effects significantly altered the diversities and structures of bacterial communities. The Observed species and Simpson indices of RT and CART in alpha diversity significantly increased from Endo to SP, with those of Ecto in-between. The variations of community dissimilarities of RT and CART among compartments were consistent with those of whole bacterial communities (WBC). Network analysis indicated a non-random co-occurrence pattern of WBC and all keystone species are affiliated with RT and CART, indicating their important role in sustaining the WBC. Furthermore, the community structures of RT and CART in SP were significantly shaped by water table and total nitrogen content, which coincided with the correlations between WBC and environmental factors. Collectively, our results for the first time confirm the importance of rare species to bacterial communities through structural and predicted functional analyses, which expands our understanding of rare species in Sphagnum-associated microbial communities in subalpine peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Stephanie Evers
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- TROCARI (Tropical Catchment Research Initiative), Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Ruicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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