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Bao Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yang H, Yan R, Zhu D. Heat stress-induced NO enhanced perylenequinone biosynthesis of Shiraia sp. via calcium signaling pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:317. [PMID: 38700737 PMCID: PMC11068690 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Perylenequinones (PQs) are natural photosensitizing compounds used as photodynamic therapy, and heat stress (HS) is the main limiting factor of mycelial growth and secondary metabolism of fungi. This study aimed to unravel the impact of HS-induced Ca2+ and the calcium signaling pathway on PQ biosynthesis of Shiraia sp. Slf14(w). Meanwhile, the intricate interplay between HS-induced NO and Ca2+ and the calcium signaling pathway was investigated. The outcomes disclosed that Ca2+ and the calcium signaling pathway activated by HS could effectively enhance the production of PQs in Shiraia sp. Slf14(w). Further investigations elucidated the specific mechanism through which NO signaling molecules induced by HS act upon the Ca2+/CaM (calmodulin) signaling pathway, thus propelling PQ biosynthesis in Shiraia sp. Slf14(w). This was substantiated by decoding the downstream positioning of the CaM/CaN (calcineurin) pathway in relation to NO through comprehensive analyses encompassing transcript levels, enzyme assays, and the introduction of chemical agents. Concurrently, the engagement of Ca2+ and the calcium signaling pathway in heat shock signaling was also evidenced. The implications of our study underscore the pivotal role of HS-induced Ca2+ and the calcium signaling pathway, which not only participate in heat shock signal transduction but also play an instrumental role in promoting PQ biosynthesis. Consequently, our study not only enriches our comprehension of the mechanisms driving HS signaling transduction in fungi but also offers novel insights into the PQ synthesis paradigm within Shiraia sp. Slf14(w). KEY POINTS: • The calcium signaling pathway was proposed to participate in PQ biosynthesis under HS. • HS-induced NO was revealed to act upon the calcium signaling pathway for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yunni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Riming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
- Key Lab of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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Grayton QE, Conlon IL, Broberg CA, Schoenfisch MH. Impact of Nitric Oxide-Release Kinetics on Antifungal Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:308. [PMID: 38786663 PMCID: PMC11121837 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are an increasing health threat due to the rise in drug resistance. The limited number of antifungals currently available and growing incidence of multi-drug-resistant fungi has caused rising healthcare costs and a decreased quality of life for patients with fungal infections. Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to act as an antimicrobial agent, albeit with a limited understanding of the effects of the NO-release kinetics against pathogenic fungi. Herein, the antifungal effects of four nitric oxide-releasing small molecules were studied against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, to demonstrate the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of NO. A bolus dose of NO was found to eradicate fungi after 24 h, where nitric oxide donors with shorter half-lives achieved antifungal activity at lower concentrations and thus had wider selectivity indexes. Each NO donor was found to cause a severe surface destruction of fungi, and all NO donors exhibited compatibility with currently prescribed antifungals against several different fungi species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy E. Grayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Ivie L. Conlon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Christopher A. Broberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Q.E.G.); (C.A.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Bao Z, Xie Y, Xu C, Zhang Z, Zhu D. Biotechnological production and potential applications of hypocrellins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6421-6438. [PMID: 37695342 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellins (HYPs), a kind of natural perylenequinones (PQs) with an oxidized pentacyclic core, are important natural compounds initially extracted from the stromata of Hypocrella bambusae and Shiraia bambusicola. They have been widely concerned for their use as anti-microbial, anti-cancers, and anti-viral photodynamic therapy agents in recent years. Considering the restrictions of natural stromal resources, submerged fermentation with Shiraia spp. has been viewed as a promising alternative biotechnology for HYP production, and great efforts have been made to improve HYP production over the past decade. This article reviews recent publications about the mycelium fermentation production of HYPs, and their bioactivities and potential applications, and especially summarizes the progresses toward manipulation of fermentation conditions. Also, their chemical structure and analytic methods are outlined. Herein, it is worth mentioning that the gene arrangement in HYP gene cluster is revised; previous unknown genes in HYP and CTB gene clusters with correct function annotation are deciphered; the homologous sequences of HYP, CTB, and elc are systematically aligned, and especially the biosynthetic pathway of HYPs is full-scale proposed. KEY POINTS: • The mycelial fermentation process and metabolic regulation of hypocrellins are reviewed. • The bioactivities and potential applications of hypocrellins are summarized. • The biosynthesis pathway and regulatory mechanisms of hypocrellins are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Yunchang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chenglong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Du Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropic Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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Wang X, Wang L, Fekrazad R, Zhang L, Jiang X, He G, Wen X. Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275859. [PMID: 38022517 PMCID: PMC10644286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest developments and future implications of using natural polyphenols as PSs in aPDT. Paramount polyphenolic compounds, including curcumin, hypericin, quercetin, hypocrellin, celastrol, riboflavin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and aloe emodin, are elaborated upon with respect to their structural characteristics, absorption properties, and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, the aPDT mechanism, specifically its targeted action on microbial cells and biofilms, is also discussed. Polyphenolic natural products demonstrate immense potential as PSs in aPDT, representing a promising alternate approach to counteract antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sun Y, Chen YL, Xu CP, Gao J, Feng Y, Wu QF. Disinfection of influenza a viruses by Hypocrellin a-mediated photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103674. [PMID: 37364664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A viruses can be transmitted indirectly by surviving on the surface of an object. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach for disinfection of pathogens. METHODS PDI was generated using Hypocrellin A (HA) and red light emitting diode (625-635 nm, 280 W/m2). Effects of the HA-mediated PDI on influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2 were evaluated by the reduction of viral titers compared to virus control. After selection of the HA concentrations and illumination times, the applicability of PDI was assessed on surgical masks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using a 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence probe. RESULTS In solution, 10 μM HA inactivated up to 5.11 ± 0.19 log10 TCID50 of H1N1 and 4.89 ± 0.38 log10 TCID50 of H3N2 by illumination for 5 and 30 min, respectively. When surgical masks were contaminated by virus before HA addition, PDI inactivated 99.99% (4.33 ± 0.34 log reduction) of H1N1 and 99.40% (2.22 ± 0.39 log reduction) of H3N2 under the selected condition. When the masks were pretreated with HA before virus addition, PDI decontaminated 99.92% (3.11 ± 0.19 log reduction) of H1N1 and 98.71% (1.89 ± 0.20 log reduction) of H3N2 virus. The fluorescence intensity of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein in photoactivated HA was significantly higher than the cell control (P > 0.05), indicating that HA efficiently generated ROS. CONCLUSIONS HA-mediated PDI is effective for the disinfection of influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2. The approach could be an alternative to decontaminating influenza A viruses on the surfaces of objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Lu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Protective Roles of Xijiao Dihuang Tang on Coronary Artery Injury in Kawasaki Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:257-270. [PMID: 34665368 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Xijiao Dihuang Tang (XJDHT) is a classical formula of traditional Chinese medicine constituted of Cornu Bubali, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. It was first mentioned in the medical classic "Beiji Qianjin Yaofang" written by Simiao Sun in Tang Dynasty. It shows very strong antipyretic and anticoagulant effects and has been clinically applied to treat various type of blood loss, purple and black spots, heat stroke, and glossitis. Kawasaki disease (KD) is considered as a kind of acute febrile illness in children with systemic vasculitis as the main lesions. The aim of this research is to clarify whether XJDHT can play a protective role in KD. METHODS A mouse model of Candida albicans water-soluble fraction (CAWS)-induced coronary arteritis and a KD cell model with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induction were employed to investigate the potential effect and mechanism of XJDHT on coronary artery injury in KD. RESULTS Data showed that XJDHT remarkably alleviated the coronary artery injury of KD mice, as evidenced by reduced inflammation and downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and TNF-α. In vitro investigation showed that XJDHT could promote cell proliferation, inhibit cell apoptosis, and improve mitochondrial functions. Subsequent studies demonstrated that XJDHT rescued endothelial cell injury by PI3K/Akt-NFκB signaling pathway. Component analysis of XJDHT detected thirty-eight chemically active ingredients, including paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and paeoniflorigenone, which in in vitro experiments exhibited significant rescue effects on TNF-α-mediated endothelial cell injury. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that XJDHT mitigated coronary artery injury of KD through suppressing endothelial cell damage via PI3K/Akt-NFκB signaling.
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Xu J, Yao H, Li Y, Liao Q, Wan X, Liu L, Ma X, Tao H, Wang HL, Xu Y. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation as an alternative approach to inhibit the growth of Cronobacter sakazakii by fine-tuning the activity of CpxRA two-component system. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1063425. [PMID: 36733775 PMCID: PMC9886882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen primarily found in powdered infant formula (PIF). To date, it remains challenging to control the growth of this ubiquitous bacterium. Herein, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) was first employed to inactivate C. sakazakii. Through 460 nm light irradiation coupled with hypocrellin B, the survival rate of C. sakazakii was diminished by 3~4 log. The photokilling effect was mediated by the attenuated membrane integrity, as evidenced by PI staining. Besides, scanning electron microscopy showed the deformed and aggregated cell cluster, and intracellular ROS was augmented by 2~3 folds when light doses increase. In addition to planktonic cells, the biofilm formation of C. sakazakii was also affected, showing an OD590nm decline from 0.85 to 0.25. In terms of molecular aspects, a two-component system called CpxRA, along with their target genes, was deregulated during illumination. Using the knock-out strain of ΔCpxA, the bacterial viability was reduced by 2 log under aPDI, a wider gap than the wildtype strain. Based on the promoted expression of CpxR and OmpC, aPDI is likely to play its part through attenuating the function of CpxRA-OmpC pathway. Finally, the aPDI system was applied to PIF, and C. sakazakii was inactivated under various desiccated or heated storage conditions. Collectively, aPDI serves as an alternative approach to decontaminate C. sakazakii, providing a new strategy to reduce the health risks caused by this prevalent foodborne pathogen.
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Lee EH, Jeon YH, An SJ, Deng YH, Kwon HB, Lim YJ, Kong H, Kim MJ. Removal effect of Candida albicans biofilms from the PMMA resin surface by using a manganese oxide nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12290. [PMID: 36593839 PMCID: PMC9803711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent oral candidiasis, removal of the Candida biofilms from dentures is important. However, common denture cleaners are insufficiently effective in removing biofilms. A manganese oxide (MnO2) nanozyme-doped diatom microbubbler (DM) can generate oxygen gas microbubbles by a catalase-mimicking activity in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DM can invade and destroy biofilms with the driving force of continuously generated microbubbles. In this study, the Candida biofilm removal efficiency by co-treatment of DM and H2O2 was investigated. Diatom particles were reacted with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to prepare amine-substituted diatom particles. These particles were reacted with potassium permanganate to fabricate DMs. The morphology and components of DM were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four types of denture base resin specimens on which biofilms of Candida albicans were formed were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), Polident 5-Minute (Polident group), 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX group), 3% H2O2 (H2O2 group), and co-treatment of 3 mg/mL of DM and 3% H2O2 (DM group). The biofilm removal effect of each group was quantitatively analyzed by crystal violet assay, and the results were visually confirmed by SEM images. After each treatment, the remaining C. albicans were stained with Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide, and observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to evaluate the viability. MnO2 nanozyme sheets were successfully doped on the surface of the fabricated DM. Although biofilms were not effectively removed in the Polident and CHX groups, CLSM images showed that CHX was able to effectively kill C. albicans in the biofilms on all resin specimen types. According to the crystal violet analysis, the H2O2 groups removed the biofilms on heat-activated and 3D-printed resins (P < .01), but could not remove the biofilms on autopolymerizing and milled resins significantly (P = .1161 and P = .1401, respectively). The DM groups significantly removed C. albicans from all resin specimen types (P < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Jeon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jin An
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Heng Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ho-Beom Kwon
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Department of Pathobiology, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Myung-Joo Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author.
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Liu X, Fang R, Feng R, Li Q, Su M, Hou C, Zhuang K, Dai Y, Lei N, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Ran Y. Cage-modified hypocrellin against multidrug-resistant Candida spp. with unprecedented activity in light-triggered combinational photodynamic therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen T, Yang D, Lei S, Liu J, Song Y, Zhao H, Zeng X, Dan H, Chen Q. Photodynamic therapy-a promising treatment of oral mucosal infections. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:103010. [PMID: 35820633 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of oral mucosal infections is increasingly challenging owing to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, alternative antimicrobial strategies are urgently required. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted attention for the treatment of oral mucosal infections because of its ability to effectively inactivate drug-resistant bacteria, completely heal clinical infectious lesions and usually offers only mild adverse reactions. This review briefly summarizes relevant scientific data and published papers and discusses the potential mechanism and application of PDT in the treatment of oral mucosal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Shangxue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yansong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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Hu Z, Hu H, Hu Z, Zhong X, Guan Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Ye L, Ming L, Riaz Rajoka MS, He Z, Wang Y, Song X. Sanguinarine, Isolated From Macleaya cordata, Exhibits Potent Antifungal Efficacy Against Candida albicans Through Inhibiting Ergosterol Synthesis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908461. [PMID: 35783394 PMCID: PMC9240711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, infections caused by the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans have increased, especially in patients with immunodeficiency. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of sanguinarine (SAN) against C. albicans both in vitro and in vivo. SAN exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans clinical isolates, with MICs in the range of 112.8–150.5 μM. Furthermore, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy showed that SAN induced morphological changes as well as structure disruption in C. albicans cells, including masses of cellular debris, ruptured cell walls, and membrane deformation. Flow cytometry revealed that SAN could lead to cell membrane damage, and ergosterol content analysis indicated that SAN could cause ergosterol content reduction exceeding 90%. Further, we validated the efficacy of SAN against candidiasis caused by C. albicans in a murine model, and SAN significantly improved survival and reduced weight loss compared to vehicle. The treatment of 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg/d SAN obviously reduced the fungal burden in the kidney. In addition, histopathological examination indicated that no fungal cells were observed in lung and kidney tissues after SAN treatment. Hence, this study suggests that SAN is a promising plant-derived compound for the development of an effective anticandidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Hu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Guan
| | - Yunshi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Yan Wang
| | - Xun Song
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- Xun Song
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12
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Li Z, Jing X, Yuan Y, Shui Y, Li S, Zhao Z, Deng B, Zhang W. In vitro and in vivo Activity of Phibilin Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862834. [PMID: 35633688 PMCID: PMC9130856 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the occurrence of antifungal-resistant Candida albicans infections necessitates more research to explore alternative effective and safe agents against this fungus. In this work, Phibilin, a new antimicrobial peptide obtained from Philomycus bilineatus and used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively inhibits the growth and activities of C. albicans, including the clinical resistant strains. Phibilin is a fungicidal antimicrobial peptide that exhibited its antimicrobial effect against C. albicans mainly by disrupting the membrane and interacting with the DNA of the fungi. In particular, Phibilin induces the necrosis of C. albicans via the ROS-related pathway. Moreover, this antifungal compound inhibited the biofilm formation of C. albicans by preventing the development of hyphae in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Phibilin and clotrimazole displayed a synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth of the fungi. In the mouse cutaneous infection model, Phibilin significantly inhibited the formation of skin abscesses and decreased the counts of C. albicans cells in the infected area. Overall, Phibilin is potentially an effective agent against skin infections caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yingbin Shui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shasha Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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13
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Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in the system of titanium dioxide nanoparticles sensitized by hypocrellin B and its application in food preservation. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Buakaew W, Pankla Sranujit R, Noysang C, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Thongsri Y, Potup P, Daowtak K, Usuwanthim K. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Proteins Involved in the Mode of Action of β-Citronellol Identified From Citrus hystrix DC. Leaf Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894637. [PMID: 35677908 PMCID: PMC9168680 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a fungus that lives primarily on the mucosal surfaces of healthy humans, such as the oral cavity, vagina, and gastrointestinal tract. This commensal organism can be controlled by other microbiota, while certain conditions can increase the risk of C. albicans outgrowth and cause disease. Prevalence of the drug-resistant phenotype, as well as the severity of C. albicans infection in immunocompromised patients, presents a challenge for scientists to develop novel, effective treatment, and prevention strategies. β-Citronellol is an intriguing active compound of several plants that has been linked to antifungal activity, but data on the mechanism of action in terms of proteomic profiling are lacking. Here, β-citronellol identified from Citrus hystrix DC. leaf against C. albicans were evaluated. A proteomic approach was used to identify potential target proteins involved in the mode of action of β-citronellol. This study identified and discussed three protein groups based on the 126 major proteins that were altered in response to β-citronellol treatment, 46 of which were downregulated and 80 of which were upregulated. Significant protein groups include cell wall proteins (e.g., Als2p, Rbt1p, and Pga4p), cellular stress response enzymes (e.g., Sod1p, Gst2p, and Ddr48p), and ATP synthesis-associated proteins (e.g., Atp3p, Atp7p, Cox1p, and Cobp). Results demonstrated the complexities of protein interactions influenced by β-citronellol treatment and highlighted the potential of antifungal activity for future clinical and drug development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watunyoo Buakaew
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Pankla Sranujit
- Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chanai Noysang
- Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yodying Yingchutrakul
- Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yordhathai Thongsri
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Pachuen Potup
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Krai Daowtak
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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15
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Liu X, Guo C, Zhuang K, Chen W, Zhang M, Dai Y, Tan L, Ran Y. A recyclable and light-triggered nanofibrous membrane against the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010534. [PMID: 35613180 PMCID: PMC9173615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging "super fungus" Candida auris has become an important threat to human health due to its pandrug resistance and high lethality. Therefore, the development of novel antimicrobial strategy is essential. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has excellent performance in clinical applications. However, the relevant study on antifungal activity and the mechanism involved against C. auris remains scarce. Herein, a recyclable and biodegradable polylactic acid-hypocrellin A (PLA-HA) nanofibrous membrane is newly developed. In vitro PLA-HA-aPDT could significantly reduce the survival rate of C. auris plankton and its biofilms, and the fungicidal effect of the membrane is still significant after four repeated uses. Simultaneously, PLA-HA exhibits good biocompatibility and low hemolysis. In vivo experiments show that PLA-HA-aPDT can promote C. auris-infected wound healing, reduce inflammatory response, and without obvious toxic side-effects. Further results reveal that PLA-HA-aPDT could increase endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, release of cytochrome C, activation of metacaspase, and nuclear fragmentation, thereby triggering apoptosis of C. auris. Compared with HA, PLA-HA shows stronger controllability and reusability, which can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of HA alone. Taken together, the efficacy, safety and antifungal activity make PLA-HA-aPDT a highly promising antifungal candidate for skin or mucous membrane C. auris infection. It is urgent to develop new antifungal strategies to address the problem of Candida auris infection and drug resistance. Previous studies have revealed that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) based on natural products, such as hypocrellin A (HA), is a promising method in clinical applications. However, equivalent studies of aPDT on antifungal activity and its mechanism against C. auris remain scarce. Herein, we successfully prepared a recyclable, biodegradable, and light-driven antifungal PLA-HA nanofibrous membrane through the electrospinning technique. C. auris infection has been treated by aPDT in vitro and in vivo for the first time, especially HA-mediated aPDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments have provided sufficient lines of evidence that PLA-HA is a promising antifungal material for superficial C. auris infections due to its antifungal effect and excellent biocompatibility. Notably, there still remains a very high antifungal activity after utilizing PLA-HA four times. In addition, this study clarifies that the anti-C. auris mechanism of PLA-HA, namely, PLA-HA-mediated aPDT, is attributed to the formation of intracellular ROS, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and a decline in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, releasing cytochrome C from mitochondria to the cytoplasm, promoting the activation of metacaspase, and inducing nuclear condensation and fragmentation of C. auris, thus triggering yeast cell apoptosis. This study lays a foundation for developing new antimicrobial nanofibrous dressings mediated by aPDT and provides an alternative strategy for the treatment of local fungal infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhuang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas United States of America
| | - Muqiu Zhang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalin Dai
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LT); (YR)
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (CIII), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Academician Workstation of Wanqing Liao, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (LT); (YR)
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16
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Al Subeh ZY, Waldbusser AL, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Ho KL, Hall MJ, Probert MR, Oberlies NH, Hematian S. Structural Diversity of Perylenequinones Is Driven by Their Redox Behavior. J Org Chem 2022. [PMID: 35077640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellins and hypomycins are two subclasses of fungal perylenequinones with unique structural, biological, and photochemical properties. With the growing interest in these naturally occurring photosensitizers, more studies were warranted to better understand the structural relationships between these two subclasses of perylenequinones. In this study, the long-postulated biosynthetic precursor (7) of class B fungal perylenequinones was isolated and characterized from a Shiraia-like sp. (strain MSX60519). Furthermore, the electrochemical and chemical redox behaviors of hypocrellins and hypomycins were investigated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These studies served to define the structural relationship within hypocrellins (1-3), which was further supported by X-ray crystallography, and between hypocrellins and hypomycins (4-6). Chemical reductions of hypocrellins under anaerobic conditions identified the origin of hypomycin A (4), hypomycin C (5), and hypomycin E (6), which in turn served to confirm 4 and revise the absolute configurations of 5 and 6. Hypocrellins were shown to undergo reversible reduction and reoxidation under aerobic conditions, while in an anaerobic environment and longer time scale, the fully reduced form can, to some extent, undergo an intramolecular ring closing metathesis. This may impart a means of reductive pathway for self-protection against these phototoxins and explain the chemical diversity observed in the fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Amy L Waldbusser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Kin Lok Ho
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Hall
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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17
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Al Subeh ZY, Waldbusser AL, Raja HA, Pearce CJ, Ho KL, Hall MJ, Probert MR, Oberlies NH, Hematian S. Structural Diversity of Perylenequinones Is Driven by Their Redox Behavior. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2697-2710. [PMID: 35077640 PMCID: PMC8898278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Hypocrellins and
hypomycins are two subclasses of fungal perylenequinones
with unique structural, biological, and photochemical properties.
With the growing interest in these naturally occurring photosensitizers,
more studies were warranted to better understand the structural relationships
between these two subclasses of perylenequinones. In this study, the
long-postulated biosynthetic precursor (7) of class B
fungal perylenequinones was isolated and characterized from a Shiraia-like sp. (strain MSX60519). Furthermore, the electrochemical
and chemical redox behaviors of hypocrellins and hypomycins were investigated
under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. These studies served to define
the structural relationship within hypocrellins (1–3), which was further supported by X-ray crystallography,
and between hypocrellins and hypomycins (4–6). Chemical reductions of hypocrellins under anaerobic conditions
identified the origin of hypomycin A (4), hypomycin C
(5), and hypomycin E (6), which in turn
served to confirm 4 and revise the absolute configurations
of 5 and 6. Hypocrellins were shown to undergo
reversible reduction and reoxidation under aerobic conditions, while
in an anaerobic environment and longer time scale, the fully reduced
form can, to some extent, undergo an intramolecular ring closing metathesis.
This may impart a means of reductive pathway for self-protection against
these phototoxins and explain the chemical diversity observed in the
fungal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y. Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Amy L. Waldbusser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Kin Lok Ho
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hall
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R. Probert
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Shabnam Hematian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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18
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New Applications of Photodynamic Therapy in the Management of Candidiasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121025. [PMID: 34947007 PMCID: PMC8705304 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most important aetiological agent of opportunistic mycoses worldwide is Candida spp. These yeasts can cause severe infections in the host, which may be fatal. Isolates of Candida albicans occur with greater frequency and variable resistance patterns. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been recognised as an alternative treatment to kill pathogenic microorganisms. PDT utilises a photosensitizer, which is activated at a specific wavelength and oxygen concentration. Their reaction yields reactive oxygen species that kill the infectious microorganism. A systematic review of new applications of PDT in the management of candidiasis was performed. Of the 222 studies selected for in-depth screening, 84 were included in this study. All the studies reported the antifungal effectiveness, toxicity and dosimetry of treatment with antimicrobial PDT (aPDT) with different photosensitizers against Candida spp. The manuscripts that are discussed reveal the breadth of the new applications of aPDT against Candida spp., which are resistant to common antifungals. aPDT has superior performance compared to conventional antifungal therapies. With further studies, aPDT should prove valuable in daily clinical practice.
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19
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Polat E, Kang K. Natural Photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:584. [PMID: 34063973 PMCID: PMC8224061 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Health problems and reduced treatment effectiveness due to antimicrobial resistance have become important global problems and are important factors that negatively affect life expectancy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is constantly evolving and can minimize this antimicrobial resistance problem. Reactive oxygen species produced when nontoxic photosensitizers are exposed to light are the main functional components of APDT responsible for microbial destruction; therefore, APDT has a broad spectrum of target pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Various photosensitizers, including natural extracts, compounds, and their synthetic derivatives, are being investigated. The main limitations, such as weak antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, solubility, specificity, and cost, encourage the exploration of new photosensitizer candidates. Many additional methods, such as cell surface engineering, cotreatment with membrane-damaging agents, nanotechnology, computational simulation, and sonodynamic therapy, are also being investigated to develop novel APDT methods with improved properties. In this review, we summarize APDT research, focusing on natural photosensitizers used in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. In addition, we describe the limitations observed for natural photosensitizers and the methods developed to counter those limitations with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Polat
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Kyungsu Kang
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung 25451, Gangwon-do, Korea
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21
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Bila NM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Vaso CO, Bonatti JLC, de Assis LR, Regasini LO, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. 2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679470. [PMID: 34055673 PMCID: PMC8155603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes, fungi that cause dermatophytosis, can invade keratinized tissues in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of these fungi was described recently, and it may be correlated with the long treatment period and common recurrences of this mycosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-dermatophytic and anti-biofilm activity of 2-hydroxychalcone (2-chalcone) in the dark and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated and to determine its mechanism of action. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains were used in the study. The antifungal susceptibility test of planktonic cells, early-stage biofilms, and mature biofilms were performed using colorimetric methods. Topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human skin keratinocyte (HaCat) monolayers were also used in the cytotoxicity assays. The mechanisms of action of 2-chalcone in the dark and under photoexcitation were investigated using confocal microscopy and the quantification of ergosterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and death induction by apoptosis/necrosis. All strains, in the planktonic form, were inhibited after treatment with 2-chalcone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7.8-15.6 mg/L), terbinafine (TRB) (MIC = 0.008–0.03 mg/L), and fluconazole (FLZ) (1–512 mg/L). Early-stage biofilm and mature biofilms were inhibited by 2-chalcone at concentrations of 15.6 mg/L and 31.2 mg/L in all tested strains. However, mature biofilms were resistant to all the antifungal drugs tested. When planktonic cells and biofilms (early-stage and mature) were treated with 2-chalcone-mediated PDT, the inhibitory concentrations were reduced by four times (2–7.8 mg/L). SEM images of biofilms treated with 2-chalcone showed cell wall collapse, resulting from a probable extravasation of cytoplasmic content. The toxicity of 2-chalcone in HaCat cells showed higher IC50 values in the dark than under photoexcitation. Further, 2-chalcone targets ergosterol in the cell and promotes the generation of ROS, resulting in cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Overall, 2-chalcone-mediated PDT is a promising and safe drug candidate against dermatophytes, particularly in anti-biofilm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níura Madalena Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Carvalho Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luís Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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22
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Li Y, Xu Y, Liao Q, Xie M, Tao H, Wang HL. Synergistic effect of hypocrellin B and curcumin on photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:692-707. [PMID: 33465291 PMCID: PMC7936292 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) serves as a new approach to control the growth of foodborne bacteria. It remains elusive if the photodynamic efficacy of hypocrellin B (HB) can be potentiated by joint action with curcumin. In this study, we measured the survival rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains under the varying photodynamic conditions. According to our data, a maximum of 5–6 log10 decrease of bacterial survival can be achieved under the tested conditions (500 nM, 9 J cm‒2). Regarding the bactericidal mechanisms, HB‐based aPDI disrupted the membrane integrity of staphylococcal cells, probably owing to the stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, aPDI disrupted the enzymatic activities of bacterial antioxidant proteins and caused the leakage of multiple intracellular substances. The HB‐mediated photodynamic efficacy was potentiated by the addition of curcumin with a sublethal dose. This dual‐photon synergy arose from unique aPDI conditions (100 nM each and 9 J cm‒2). The synergistic action might be accounted for by the increased type I/type II ratio of ROS, as evidenced by the effect of different quenchers. Finally, the joint use of photosensitizers reduced the microbial contamination of the tested apple while maintaining its quality. In summary, photodynamic inactivation based on dual photons showed synergistic activity in controlling the growth of Staphylococcal aureus, which provided a novel approach to maintain food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Qiaoming Liao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Mengmeng Xie
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Han Tao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, China
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23
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Al Subeh ZY, Raja HA, Monro S, Flores-Bocanegra L, El-Elimat T, Pearce CJ, McFarland SA, Oberlies NH. Enhanced Production and Anticancer Properties of Photoactivated Perylenequinones. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2490-2500. [PMID: 32786877 PMCID: PMC7493285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellins and hypomycins are naturally occurring fungal perylenequinones with potential photodynamic activity against cancer and microbial diseases. This project pursued three lines of research. First, the production of perylenequinones was enhanced by investigating the effect of culture medium and light exposure on their biosynthesis. Solid-fermentation cultures on rice medium allowed for enhanced production of hypocrellins as compared to Cheerios or oatmeal medium. Alternatively, increased production of hypomycins, which are structurally related to the hypocrellins, was observed on oatmeal medium. In both cases, light exposure was an essential factor for the enhanced biosynthesis. In addition, this led to the discovery of two new perylenequinones, ent-shiraiachrome A (5) and hypomycin E (8), which were elucidated based on spectroscopic data. Finally, the photocytotoxic effects of both classes of compounds were evaluated against human skin melanoma, with EC50 values at nanomolar levels for hypocrellins and micromolar levels for hypomycins. In contrast, both classes of compounds showed reduced dark toxicity (EC50 values >100 μM), demonstrating promising phototherapeutic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Y. Al Subeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Susan Monro
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Tamam El-Elimat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, 6 University Avenue, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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