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Ma J, Li J, Chen X, Ma Y. Ojeok-san enhances platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancer by regulating adipocyte paracrine IGF1 secretion. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2282566. [PMID: 37993991 PMCID: PMC10761029 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2023.2282566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum is a commonly used drug for ovarian cancer (OvCa) treatment, but drug resistance limits its clinical application. This study intended to delineate the effects of adipocytes on platinum resistance in OvCa. METHODS OvCa cells were maintained in the adipocyte-conditioned medium. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, separately. Proliferation and apoptosis-related protein expression were assayed by western blot. The IC50 values of cisplatin and carboplatin were determined using CCK-8. IGF1 secretion and expression were assayed via ELISA and western blot, respectively. A xenograft model was established, and pathological changes were detected by H&E staining. Proliferation and apoptosis-associated protein expression was assessed via IHC. RESULTS Adipocytes promoted the viability and repressed cell apoptosis in OvCa, as well as enhancing platinum resistance, while the addition of IGF-1 R inhibitor reversed the effects of adipocytes on proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of OvCa cells. Treatment with different concentrations of Ojeok-san (OJS) inhibited the adipocyte-induced platinum resistance in OvCa cells by suppressing IGF1. The combined treatment of OJS and cisplatin significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo with good mouse tolerance. CONCLUSION In summary, OJS inhibited OvCa proliferation and platinum resistance by suppressing adipocyte paracrine IGF1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Saulle I, Garziano M, Cappelletti G, Limanaqi F, Strizzi S, Vanetti C, Lo Caputo S, Poliseno M, Santantonio TA, Clerici M, Biasin M. Salivary miRNA Profiles in COVID-19 Patients with Different Disease Severities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10992. [PMID: 37446170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral mucosa is the first site of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication, and it plays a central role in the early defense against infection. Thus, the SARS-CoV-2 viral load, miRNAs, cytokines, and neutralizing activity (NA) were assessed in saliva and plasma from mild (MD) and severe (SD) COVID-19 patients. Here we showed that of the 84 miRNAs analyzed, 8 were differently expressed in the plasma and saliva of SD patients. In particular: (1) miRNAs let-7a-5p, let-7b-5p, and let-7c-5p were significantly downregulated; and (2) miR-23a and b and miR-29c, as well as three immunomodulatory miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-181d-5p, and miR-146) were significantly upregulated. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, and TNFα) and chemokines (CCL2 and RANTES) increased in both the saliva and plasma of SD and MD patients. Notably, disease severity correlated with NA and immune activation. Monitoring these parameters could help predict disease outcomes and identify new markers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Saulle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Micaela Garziano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gioia Cappelletti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Strizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Vanetti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Lo Caputo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Poliseno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Teresa Antonia Santantonio
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Foundation, Via A. Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi, 20122 Milan, Italy
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ŞENEL E, TÜRK S, MALKAN ÜY, PEKER MÇ, TÜRK C, GÜNER HR, UÇAR G, İZDEŞ S, KAYAASLAN B, BAYHAN Gİ, EMEKSİZ S, HASANOĞLU İ, BEKTAŞ ŞG, BÜTÜN TÜRK Ş, ÖZCAN S, ERTÜRK A, AKDAĞ AG, YILMAZ A, HAZNEDAROĞLU İC. Pathobiological alterations affecting the distinct clinical courses of pediatric versus adult COVID-19 syndrome. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1194-1204. [PMID: 38813031 PMCID: PMC10763797 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The clinical presentation of pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a milder disease course than the adult COVID-19 syndrome. The disease course of COVID-19 has three clinicobiological phases: initiation, propagation, and complication. This study aimed to assess the pathobiological alterations affecting the distinct clinical courses of COVID-19 in pediatric age groups versus the adult population. We hypothesized that critical biogenomic marker expressions drive the mild clinical presentations of pediatric COVID-19. Materials and methods Blood samples were obtained from 72 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Ankara City Hospital between March and July 2021. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated using Ficoll-Paque and density-gradient sedimentation. The groups were compared using a t-test and limma analyses. Mean standardized gene expression levels were used to hierarchically cluster genes employing Euclidean Gene Cluster 3.0. The expression levels of identified genes were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results This study found that ANPEP gene expression was significantly downregulated in the pediatric group (p < 0.05, FC: 1.57) and IGF2R gene expression was significantly upregulated in the adult group (p < 0.05, FC: 2.98). The study results indicated that the expression of critical biogenomic markers, such as the first-phase (ACE2 and ANPEP) and second-phase (EGFR and IGF2R) receptor genes, was crucial in the genesis of mild clinical presentations of pediatric COVID-19. ANPEP gene expression was lower in pediatric COVID-19. Conclusion The interrelationship between the ANPEP and ACE2 genes may prevent the progression of COVID-19 from initiation to the propagating phase in pediatric patients. High IGF2R gene expression could potentially contribute to a protective effect and may be a contributing factor for the mild clinical course observed in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah ŞENEL
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Surgical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Seyhan TÜRK
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Ümit Yavuz MALKAN
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Çağrı PEKER
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Can TÜRK
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Hatice Rahmet GÜNER
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Gülberk UÇAR
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Seval İZDEŞ
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Bircan KAYAASLAN
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Gülsüm İclal BAYHAN
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Serhat EMEKSİZ
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - İmran HASANOĞLU
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | | | - Şeyma BÜTÜN TÜRK
- Department of Child Health and Diseases, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Serhan ÖZCAN
- Department of Child Intensive Care Unit, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri,
Turkiye
| | - Ahmet ERTÜRK
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Ahmet Gökhan AKDAĞ
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara,
Turkiye
| | - Ayşegül YILMAZ
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara,
Turkiye
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Mohamed AA, Nour AA, Mosbah NM, Wahba ASM, Esmail OE, Eysa B, Heiba A, Samir HH, El-Kassas AA, Adroase AS, Elamir AY, Mahmoud GM, Rafaat RS, Hassan HA, El Abd YS. Evaluation of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and endotrophin levels as prognostic markers of COVID-19 infection severity. Virol J 2023; 20:94. [PMID: 37189123 PMCID: PMC10183690 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic challenge spreading enormously within a few months. COVID-19 is characterized by the over-activation of the immune system causing cytokine storm. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway can regulate the immune response via interaction with various implicated cytokines. Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) has been shown to promote inflammation. Given the fact that coronavirus infections induce cytokines secretion leading to inflammatory lung injury, it has been suggested that H-FABP levels are affected by COVID-19 severity. Moreover, endotrophin (ETP), the cleavage product of collagen VI, may be an indicator of an overactive repair process and fibrosis, considering that viral infection may predispose or exacerbate existing respiratory conditions, including pulmonary fibrosis. This study aims to assess the prognostic capacity of circulating IGF-1, HFABP, and ETP, levels for COVID-19 severity progression in Egyptian patients. METHODS The study cohort included 107 viral RNA-positive patients and an equivalent number of control individuals with no clinical signs of infection. Clinical assessments included profiling of CBC; serum iron; liver and kidney functions; inflammatory markers. Circulating levels of IGF-1; H-FABP, and ETP were estimated using the corresponding ELISA kits. RESULTS No statistical difference in the body mass index was detected between the healthy and control groups, while the mean age of infected patients was significantly higher (P = 0.0162) than the control. Patients generally showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers including CRP and ESR concomitant with elevated serum ferritin; D dimer and procalcitonin levels, besides the COVID-19 characteristic lymphopenia and hypoxemia were also frequent. Logistic regression analysis revealed that oxygen saturation; serum IGF-1, and H-FABP can significantly predict the infection progression (P < 0.001 each). Both serum IGF-1 and H-FABP as well as O2 saturation showed remarkable prognostic potentials in terms of large AUC values, high sensitivity/specificity values, and wide confidence interval. The calculated threshold for severity prognosis was 25.5 ng/mL; 19.5 ng/mL, 94.5, % and for IGF-1, H-FABP, and O2 saturation; respectively. The calculated thresholds of serum IGF-1; H-FABP, and O2 saturation showed positive and negative value ranges of 79-91% and 72-97%; respectively, with 66-95%, 83-94% sensitivity, and specificity; respectively. CONCLUSION The calculated cut-off values of serum IGF-1 and H-FABP represent a promising non-invasive prognostic tool that would facilitate the risk stratification in COVID-19 patients, and control the morbidity/mortality associated with progressive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Mohamed
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya A Nour
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha M Mosbah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Alaa S M Wahba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Omnia E Esmail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basem Eysa
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Heiba
- Internal Medicine Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hussin H Samir
- Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S Adroase
- Clinical Pathology Department, El-Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Elamir
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Mahmoud
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Rasha S Rafaat
- Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Hassan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Yasmine S El Abd
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Harpur CM, West AC, Le Page MA, Lam M, Hodges C, Oseghale O, Gearing AJ, Tate MD. Naturally derived cytokine peptides limit virus replication and severe disease during influenza A virus infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1443. [PMID: 36969366 PMCID: PMC10034483 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Novel host‐targeted therapeutics could treat severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, with reduced risk of drug resistance. LAT8881 is a synthetic form of the naturally occurring C‐terminal fragment of human growth hormone. Acting independently of the growth hormone receptor, it can reduce inflammation‐induced damage and promote tissue repair in an animal model of osteoarthritis. LAT8881 has been assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of obesity and neuropathy and has an excellent safety profile. We investigated the potential for LAT8881, its metabolite LAT9991F and LAT7771 derived from prolactin, a growth hormone structural homologue, to treat severe IAV infection. Methods LAT8881, LAT9991F and LAT7771 were evaluated for their effects on cell viability and IAV replication in vitro, as well as their potential to limit disease in a preclinical mouse model of severe IAV infection. Results In vitro LAT8881 treatment enhanced cell viability, particularly in the presence of cytotoxic stress, which was countered by siRNA inhibition of host lanthionine synthetase C‐like proteins. Daily intranasal treatment of mice with LAT8881 or LAT9991F, but not LAT7771, from day 1 postinfection significantly improved influenza disease resistance, which was associated with reduced infectious viral loads, reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increased abundance of protective alveolar macrophages. LAT8881 treatment in combination with the antiviral oseltamivir phosphate led to more pronounced reduction in markers of disease severity than treatment with either compound alone. Conclusion These studies provide the first evidence identifying LAT8881 and LAT9991F as novel host‐protective therapies that improve survival, limit viral replication, reduce local inflammation and curtail tissue damage during severe IAV infection. Evaluation of LAT8881 and LAT9991F in other infectious and inflammatory conditions of the airways is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Alison C West
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Mélanie A Le Page
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Maggie Lam
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Christopher Hodges
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Osezua Oseghale
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | | | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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Wais T, Hasan M, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Gut-brain communication in COVID-19: molecular mechanisms, mediators, biomarkers, and therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:947-960. [PMID: 35868344 PMCID: PMC9388545 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2105697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection with COVID-19 results in acute respiratory symptoms followed by long COVID multi-organ effects presenting with neurological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. Temporal relationship between gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms is unclear but warranted for exploring better clinical care for COVID-19 patients. AREAS COVERED We critically reviewed the temporal relationship between gut-brain axis after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinvasion following GI infection. Mediators are identified that could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in SARS-CoV-2. We discussed the potential therapeutic approaches to mitigate the effects of GI infection with SARS-CoV-2. EXPERT OPINION Altered gut microbiota cause increased expression of various mediators, including zonulin causing disruption of tight junction. This stimulates enteric nervous system and signals to CNS precipitating neurological sequalae. Published reports suggest potential role of cytokines, immune cells, B(0)AT1 (SLC6A19), ACE2, TMRSS2, TMPRSS4, IFN-γ, IL-17A, zonulin, and altered gut microbiome in gut-brain axis and associated neurological sequalae. Targeting these mediators and gut microbiome to improve immunity will be of therapeutic significance. In-depth research and well-designed large-scale population-based clinical trials with multidisciplinary and collaborative approaches are warranted. Investigating the temporal relationship between organs involved in long-term sequalae is critical due to evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tameena Wais
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Mehde Hasan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences. Pomona, CA 91766
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Zhu X, Chen X, Wang G, Lei D, Chen X, Lin K, Li M, Lin H, Li D, Zheng Q. Picropodophyllin Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Prostate Cancer DU145 and LNCaP Cells <i>via</i> ROS Production and PI3K/AKT Pathway Inhibition. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1027-1035. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Guoli Wang
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Dan Lei
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Kehao Lin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University
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Буйваленко УВ, Перепелова МА, Золотарева РА, Белая ЖЕ, Мельниченко ГА. [Pituitary and COVID-19: review]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:14-23. [PMID: 36337014 PMCID: PMC9762450 DOI: 10.14341/probl13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread around the world since was first scientifically described in December 2019. At present approximately 400 million people have suffered from the disease, almost 6 million people have died.SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed in several endocrine glands, including the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, ovaries, and testes. Thus, the endocrine glands may be a direct target for SARS-CoV-2. The main risk factors for severity of the COVID-19 are obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), vertebral fractures, which potentially predisposes patients to a severe course of COVID-19.In this review, we present current data on the course of COVID-19 in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary diseases, and also discuss treatment for endocrinopathies during to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ж. Е. Белая
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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9
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Sammani S, Bermudez T, Kempf CL, Song JH, Fleming JC, Reyes Hernon V, Hufford M, Tang L, Cai H, Camp SM, Natarajan V, Jacobson JR, Dudek SM, Martin DR, Karmonik C, Sun X, Sun B, Casanova NG, Bime C, Garcia JGN. eNAMPT Neutralization Preserves Lung Fluid Balance and Reduces Acute Renal Injury in Porcine Sepsis/VILI-Induced Inflammatory Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:916159. [PMID: 35812318 PMCID: PMC9257134 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.916159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous potential ARDS therapeutics, based upon preclinical successful rodent studies that utilized LPS challenge without mechanical ventilation, have failed in Phase 2/3 clinical trials. Recently, ALT-100 mAb, a novel biologic that neutralizes the TLR4 ligand and DAMP, eNAMPT (extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase), was shown to reduce septic shock/VILI-induced porcine lung injury when delivered 2 h after injury onset. We now examine the ALT-100 mAb efficacy on acute kidney injury (AKI) and lung fluid balance in a porcine ARDS/VILI model when delivered 6 h post injury.Methods/Results: Compared to control PBS-treated pigs, exposure of ALT-100 mAb-treated pigs (0.4 mg/kg, 2 h or 6 h after injury initiation) to LPS-induced pneumonia/septic shock and VILI (12 h), demonstrated significantly diminished lung injury severity (histology, BAL PMNs, plasma cytokines), biochemical/genomic evidence of NF-kB/MAP kinase/cytokine receptor signaling, and AKI (histology, plasma lipocalin). ALT-100 mAb treatment effectively preserved lung fluid balance reflected by reduced BAL protein/tissue albumin levels, lung wet/dry tissue ratios, ultrasound-derived B lines, and chest radiograph opacities. Delayed ALT-100 mAb at 2 h was significantly more protective than 6 h delivery only for plasma eNAMPT while trending toward greater protection for remaining inflammatory indices. Delayed ALT-100 treatment also decreased lung/renal injury indices in LPS/VILI-exposed rats when delivered up to 12 h after LPS.Conclusions: These studies indicate the delayed delivery of the eNAMPT-neutralizing ALT-100 mAb reduces inflammatory lung injury, preserves lung fluid balance, and reduces multi-organ dysfunction, and may potentially address the unmet need for novel therapeutics that reduce ARDS/VILI mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Carrie L. Kempf
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jin H. Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Justin C Fleming
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Vivian Reyes Hernon
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew Hufford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Diego R. Martin
- Department of Radiology and the Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christof Karmonik
- Department of Radiology and the Translational Imaging Center, Houston Methodist Hospital and the Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Belinda Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nancy G. Casanova
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Christian Bime
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Joe G. N. Garcia,
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10
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Qi P, Huang M, Li T. Screening the Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19-Related Thrombosis Through Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:889348. [PMID: 35692833 PMCID: PMC9174658 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.889348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A high proportion of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience thrombosis, and there is a strong correlation between anticoagulant therapy and the COVID-19 survival rate, indicating that common COVID-19 and thrombosis targets have potential therapeutic value for severe COVID-19.Gene expression profiling data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) were identified. The potential biological functions of these co-DEGs were explored by functional enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the co-DEGs. Finally, hub genes in the co-DEG network were identified, and correlation analysis was performed.We identified 8320 upregulated genes and 7651 downregulated genes from blood samples of COVID-19 patients and 368 upregulated genes and 240 downregulated genes from blood samples of thrombosis patients. The enriched cellular component terms were mainly related to cytosolic ribosomes and ribosomal subunits. The enriched molecular function terms were mainly related to structural constituents of ribosomes and electron transfer activity. Construction of the PPI network and identification of hub genes ultimately confirmed that RPS7, IGF1R, DICER1, ERH, MCTS1, and TNPO1 were jointly upregulated hub genes, and FLNA and PXN were jointly downregulated hub genes.The identification of novel potential biomarkers provides new options for treating COVID-19-related thrombosis and reducing the rate of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Department of Emergency, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tanshi Li,
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11
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Mishra A, Asaf M, Kumar A, Kulkarni DD, Sood R, Bhatia S, Bhushan B, Raut AA. Differential miRNA expression profiling of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 infected chicken lungs reveals critical microRNAs, biological pathways and genes involved in the molecular pathogenesis. Virol Sin 2022; 37:465-468. [PMID: 35278696 PMCID: PMC9243614 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Highthrouput sequencing of small RNA of H5N1 infected and mock infected chicken lungs. 297 miRNAs identified in mock-infected and 201 miRNAs identified in AIV infected chicken lungs. 36 miRNAs were upregulated and 90 were downregulated during H5N1 infection. Functional analysis and gene ontology of predicted target genes of expressed miRNAs. MAPK pathway, NF-κB, IGF and gga-let-7b might play important role during H5N1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Mishra
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE referral laboratory for Avian Influenza, Bhopal 462 021, India.
| | - Muhasin Asaf
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243 122, India
| | - Amod Kumar
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243 122, India
| | - Diwakar Dattatreya Kulkarni
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE referral lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal 462 021, India
| | - Richa Sood
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE referral lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal 462 021, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE referral lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal 462 021, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243 122, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Raut
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE referral laboratory for Avian Influenza, Bhopal 462 021, India
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12
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Maranini B, Ciancio G, Ferracin M, Cultrera R, Negrini M, Sabbioni S, Govoni M. microRNAs and Inflammatory Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020288. [PMID: 35207576 PMCID: PMC8879390 DOI: 10.3390/life12020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emerged as an international challenge with strong medical and socioeconomic impact. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 is wide, covering asymptomatic or mild cases up to severe and life-threatening complications. Critical courses of SARS-CoV-2 infection are thought to be driven by the so-called “cytokine storm”, derived from an excessive immune response that induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) emerged as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in both inflammatory and infectious diseases. Therefore, the identification of SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs and host miRNAs is an important research topic, investigating the host–virus crosstalk in COVID-19 infection, trying to answer the pressing question of whether miRNA-based therapeutics can be employed to tackle SARS-CoV-2 complications. In this review, we aimed to directly address ncRNA role in SARS-CoV-2-immune system crosstalk upon COVID-19 infection, particularly focusing on inflammatory pathways and cytokine storm syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Maranini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giovanni Ciancio
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Rosario Cultrera
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Laboratorio per le Tecnologie delle Terapie Avanzate (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Silvia Sabbioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Marcello Govoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
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13
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Ding XM, Wang YF, Lyu Y, Zou Y, Wang X, Ruan SM, Wu WH, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhang RL, Zhao H, Han Y, Zhao BT, Pan J, Han XY, Wang CR, Zhao HL, Yang GL, Liu LZ, Fang SS. The effect of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus infection on cytokine production and gene expression in BV2 microglial cells. Virus Res 2022; 312:198716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Feizollahi P, Matin S, Roghani SA, Mostafaei S, Safarzadeh E, Taghadosi M. Evaluation serum levels of Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and its association with clinical parameters in severe COVID-19. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:199-205. [PMID: 35098386 PMCID: PMC8801278 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with dysregulated immune response and extreme inflammatory injury. Considering the role of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in immune-mediated and inflammatory reactions, this study was conducted to investigate the IGF-1 contribution to the pathogenesis of severe form of COVID-19. Material and methods Sixty-two patients with severe COVID-19 and 52 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of IGF-1 were measured using a solid-phase enzyme-linked chemiluminescent immunoassay on an Immulite 2000 system (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. Result The serum levels of IGF-1 had no significant difference in COVID-19 patients compared to the healthy subjects (p = 0.359). There was a positive correlation between IGF-1 and age in the severe COVID-19 patients, while a negative correlation was observed for the serum levels of IGF-1 and age in the control group (r = 0.364, p = 0.036, r = − 0.536, p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, IGF-1 was remarkably associated with hypertension, neurogenic disease, shock, and nausea in patients with the severe form of COVID-19 (p = 0.031, p = 0.044, p = 0.01, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion Our results pointed to the complex role of IGF-1 in the severe form of COVID-19, and its association with clinical parameters, and some risk factors in the severe form of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Feizollahi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Somaieh Matin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Askar Roghani
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Taghadosi
- Department of Immunology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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15
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Kamp JC, Neubert L, Ackermann M, Stark H, Werlein C, Fuge J, Haverich A, Tzankov A, Steinestel K, Friemann J, Boor P, Junker K, Hoeper MM, Welte T, Laenger F, Kuehnel MP, Jonigk DD. Time-Dependent Molecular Motifs of Pulmonary Fibrogenesis in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1583. [PMID: 35163504 PMCID: PMC8835897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In COVID-19 survivors there is an increased prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis of which the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood; (2) Methods: In this multicentric study, n = 12 patients who succumbed to COVID-19 due to progressive respiratory failure were assigned to an early and late group (death within ≤7 and >7 days of hospitalization, respectively) and compared to n = 11 healthy controls; mRNA and protein expression as well as biological pathway analysis were performed to gain insights into the evolution of pulmonary fibrogenesis in COVID-19; (3) Results: Median duration of hospitalization until death was 3 (IQR25-75, 3-3.75) and 14 (12.5-14) days in the early and late group, respectively. Fifty-eight out of 770 analyzed genes showed a significantly altered expression signature in COVID-19 compared to controls in a time-dependent manner. The entire study group showed an increased expression of BST2 and IL1R1, independent of hospitalization time. In the early group there was increased activity of inflammation-related genes and pathways, while fibrosis-related genes (particularly PDGFRB) and pathways dominated in the late group; (4) Conclusions: After the first week of hospitalization, there is a shift from pro-inflammatory to fibrogenic activity in severe COVID-19. IL1R1 and PDGFRB may serve as potential therapeutic targets in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Kamp
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.M.H.); (T.W.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helge Stark
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Werlein
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fuge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.M.H.); (T.W.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Axel Haverich
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Johannes Friemann
- Institute of Pathology, Märkische Kliniken GmbH, Klinikum Lüdenscheid, 58515 Lüdenscheid, Germany;
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, RWTH University of Aachen, 52062 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Junker
- Institute of Pathology, Bremen Central Hospital, 28177 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Marius M. Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.M.H.); (T.W.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.F.); (M.M.H.); (T.W.)
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
| | - Florian Laenger
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P. Kuehnel
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny D. Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany; (L.N.); (H.S.); (C.W.); (A.H.); (F.L.); (M.P.K.); (D.D.J.)
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Hazrati E, Gholami M, Farahani RH, Ghorban K, Ghayomzadeh M, Rouzbahani NH. The effect of IGF-1 plasma concentration on COVID-19 severity. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105416. [PMID: 35092836 PMCID: PMC8789556 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity and fatality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are not the same in the infected population. The host immune response and Immune-stimulating factors appear to play a role in COVID-19 infection outcome. insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) affects the immune system by controlling the endocrine system. Recently, the effect of IGF-1 levels on COVID-19 prognosis has been considered. OBJECTIVE To investigate the difference between circulating IGF-1 and inflammatory cytokines concentration among COVID-19 patients, infected patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (n = 40; 35 ± 5 y) and patients with mild cases of COVID-19 (n = 40; 35 ± 5 y) were screened prior to participation in the study. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender and preexisting inflammatory state. Collected samples were evaluated by ELISA for IGF-1 and IL-6. RESULTS The study outcomes included a significant decrease in IGF-1 and an increase in IL-6 serum concentration, as an inflammatory marker, for infected patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (P ≤ 0.001). Finally, there was a significant increase in the IGF-1 and a decrease in the IL-6 serum concentration of hospitalized patients. DISCUSSION it appears that inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) serum concentration in the severe form of corona virus-based infections causes reduced defenses because of suppressed IGF-1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that lower IGF-1 concentrations are associated with a Severe form of COVID-19 disease. It seems, IGF-1 supplementation or anti-inflammatory treatment rescued the severe form of COVID-19 infection. Further studies are required to determine how to design COVID-19 therapeutic strategies targeting the IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Hazrati
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Hamidi Farahani
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghayomzadeh
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Negin Hosseini Rouzbahani
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Krapić M, Kavazović I, Wensveen FM. Immunological Mechanisms of Sickness Behavior in Viral Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112245. [PMID: 34835051 PMCID: PMC8624889 DOI: 10.3390/v13112245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickness behavior is the common denominator for a plethora of changes in normal behavioral routines and systemic metabolism during an infection. Typical symptoms include temperature, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Whereas we experience these changes as a pathology, in fact they are a carefully orchestrated response mediated by the immune system. Its purpose is to optimize immune cell functionality against pathogens whilst minimizing viral replication in infected cells. Sickness behavior is controlled at several levels, most notably by the central nervous system, but also by other organs that mediate systemic homeostasis, such as the liver and adipose tissue. Nevertheless, the changes mediated by these organs are ultimately initiated by immune cells, usually through local or systemic secretion of cytokines. The nature of infection determines which cytokine profile is induced by immune cells and therefore which sickness behavior ensues. In context of infection, sickness behavior is typically beneficial. However, inappropriate activation of the immune system may induce adverse aspects of sickness behavior. For example, tissue stress caused by obesity may result in chronic activation of the immune system, leading to lasting changes in systemic metabolism. Concurrently, metabolic disease prevents induction of appropriate sickness behavior following viral infection, thus impairing the normal immune response. In this article, we will revisit recent literature that elucidates both the benefits and the negative aspects of sickness behavior in context of viral infection.
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18
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Xu Y, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Ma M, Wang M, Ying B. Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment Technologies and Aptamer-Based Applications: Recent Progress and Challenges in Precision Medicine of Infectious Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:704077. [PMID: 34447741 PMCID: PMC8383106 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.704077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are considered as a pressing challenge to global public health. Accurate and rapid diagnostics tools for early recognition of the pathogen, as well as individualized precision therapy are essential for controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Aptamers, which were screened by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), can bind to targets with high affinity and specificity so that have exciting potential in both diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest development of SELEX technology and focus on the applications of aptamer-based technologies in infectious diseases, such as targeted drug-delivery, treatments and biosensors for diagnosing. The challenges and the future development in this field of clinical application will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu/West China (Airport)Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Winn BJ, Kersten RC. Teprotumumab: Interpreting the Clinical Trials in the Context of Thyroid Eye Disease Pathogenesis and Current Therapies. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1627-1651. [PMID: 33930408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Teprotumumab, a monoclonal antibody targeted against the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor, was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED). Phase 1 studies of teprotumumab for the treatment of malignancies demonstrated an acceptable safety profile but limited effectiveness. Basic research implicating the IGF-1 receptor on the CD-34+ orbital fibrocyte in the pathogenesis of TED renewed interest in the drug. Two multicenter, randomized, double-masked, clinical trials (phase 2 and 3) evaluated the efficacy of 8 infusions of teprotumumab every 3 weeks versus placebo in 170 patients with recent-onset active TED, as defined by a clinical activity score (CAS) of at least 4. Teprotumumab was superior to placebo for the primary efficacy end points in both studies: overall responder rate as defined by a reduction of 2 or more CAS points and a reduction of 2 mm or more in proptosis (69% vs. 20%; P < 0.001; phase 2 study) and proptosis responder rate as defined by a reduction of 2 mm or more in proptosis (83% vs. 10%; P < 0.001; phase 3 study). In both studies, treatment with teprotumumab compared with placebo achieved a significant mean reduction of proptosis (-3.0 mm vs. -0.3 mm, phase 2 study; -3.32 mm vs. -0.53 mm, phase 3 study) and CAS (-4.0 vs. -2.5, phase 2 study; -3.7 vs. -2.0, phase 3 study). Teprotumumab also resulted in a greater proportion of patients with a final CAS of 0 or 1, higher diplopia responder rate, and a larger improvement in the Graves' Ophthalmopathy Quality of Life overall score. More than half of patients (62%, phase 2 trial; 56%, phase 3 trial) who were primary end point responders maintained this response at 51 weeks after the last dose of therapy. The most common adverse events reported with teprotumumab included muscle spasms (25%), nausea (17%), alopecia (13%), diarrhea (13%), fatigue (10%), hearing impairment (10%), and hyperglycemia (8%). Teprotumumab is contraindicated for those with inflammatory bowel disease and who are pregnant. Although the current dosing regimen has proven effective for TED, dose-ranging studies including variable concentrations, infusion frequencies, and durations of teprotumumab therapy in the setting of TED have not been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Winn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Ophthalmology Section, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Robert C Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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20
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Pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and risk of COVID-19 mortality: results from UK Biobank. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:311-318. [PMID: 33420872 PMCID: PMC7794621 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deteriorates suddenly primarily due to excessive inflammatory injury, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is implicated in endocrine control of the immune system. However, the effect of IGF-1 levels on COVID-19 prognosis remains unknown. Using UK Biobank resource, we investigated the association between circulating IGF-1 concentrations and mortality risk (available death data updated on 07 Sep 2020) among COVID-19 patients who had pre-diagnostic serum IGF-1 measurements at baseline (2006–2010). Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of mortality. Among 1670 COVID-19 patients, 415 deaths occurred due to COVID-19. Compared to the lowest quartile of IGF-1 concentrations, the highest quartile was associated with a 41% lower risk of mortality (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.41–0.86, P-trend = 0.01). In the continuous model, per 1-standard deviation increment in log-transformed IGF-1 was associated with a 15% reduction in the risk (intraclass correlation coefficients corrected OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.99). The association was largely consistent in the various stratified and sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, our data suggest that higher IGF-1 concentrations are associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 mortality. Further studies are required to determine whether and how targeting IGF-1 pathway might improve COVID-19 prognosis.
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21
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Bai Y, Lian P, Li J, Zhang Z, Qiao J. The active GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alleviates H9N2 influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104645. [PMID: 33285220 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the major cause of death in influenza virus infected patients. Recent studies indicated that active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) encoded by glucagon (GCG) gene exerts anti-inflammatory functions. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of active GLP-1 in H9N2 influenza virus-induced ALI/ARDS in mice. First, we uncovered that GCG mRNA expression levels and GCG precursor protein levels were significantly increased, but total GLP-1 and active GLP-1 levels were decreased in the lungs of H9N2-infected mice. Next, liraglutide, an active GLP-1 analogue, was used to treat infected mice and to observe its effects on H9N2 virus-induced ALI. Liraglutide treatment ameliorated the declined body weight, decreased food intake and mortality observed in infected mice. It also alleviated the severity of lung injury, including lowering lung index, decreasing inflammatory cell infiltration and lowing total protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, liraglutide did not influence viral titers in infected lungs, but decreased the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in BALF. These results indicated that liraglutide alleviated H9N2 virus-induced ALI in mice most likely due to lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjing Lian
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Strous GJ, Almeida ADS, Putters J, Schantl J, Sedek M, Slotman JA, Nespital T, Hassink GC, Mol JA. Growth Hormone Receptor Regulation in Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597573. [PMID: 33312162 PMCID: PMC7708378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The GHR signaling pathway plays important roles in growth, metabolism, cell cycle control, immunity, homeostatic processes, and chemoresistance via both the JAK/STAT and the SRC pathways. Dysregulation of GHR signaling is associated with various diseases and chronic conditions such as acromegaly, cancer, aging, metabolic disease, fibroses, inflammation and autoimmunity. Numerous studies entailing the GHR signaling pathway have been conducted for various cancers. Diverse factors mediate the up- or down-regulation of GHR signaling through post-translational modifications. Of the numerous modifications, ubiquitination and deubiquitination are prominent events. Ubiquitination by E3 ligase attaches ubiquitins to target proteins and induces proteasomal degradation or starts the sequence of events that leads to endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In this review, we discuss the role of first line effectors that act directly on the GHR at the cell surface including ADAM17, JAK2, SRC family member Lyn, Ubc13/CHIP, proteasome, βTrCP, CK2, STAT5b, and SOCS2. Activity of all, except JAK2, Lyn and STAT5b, counteract GHR signaling. Loss of their function increases the GH-induced signaling in favor of aging and certain chronic diseases, exemplified by increased lung cancer risk in case of a mutation in the SOCS2-GHR interaction site. Insight in their roles in GHR signaling can be applied for cancer and other therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger J. Strous
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- BIMINI Biotech B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ana Da Silva Almeida
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joyce Putters
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julia Schantl
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Sedek
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Slotman
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C. Hassink
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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23
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1: A Potential Target to Treat Acute Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8871476. [PMID: 33282113 PMCID: PMC7685819 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8871476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extrapulmonary injury factors. Presently, excessive inflammation in the lung and the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells are considered to be the key factors in the pathogenesis of ALI. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen-dependent conversion activator that is closely related to the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HIF-1 has been shown to play an important role in ALI and can be used as a potential therapeutic target for ALI. This manuscript will introduce the progress of HIF-1 in ALI and explore the feasibility of applying inhibitors of HIF-1 to ALI, which brings hope for the treatment of ALI.
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24
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Joshi MG, Kshersagar J, Desai SR, Sharma S. Antiviral properties of placental growth factors: A novel therapeutic approach for COVID-19 treatment. Placenta 2020; 99:117-130. [PMID: 32798764 PMCID: PMC7406421 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic is complicated by the limited therapeutic options against the virus, with many being anecdotal or still undergoing confirmatory trials, underlining the urgent need for novel strategies targeting the virus. The pulmotropic virus causes loss of oxygenation in severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and need for mechanical ventilation. This work seeks to introduce placental extract-derived biologically active components as a therapeutic option and highlights their mechanism of action relevant to COVID-19 virus. Human placenta has been used in clinical practice for over a century and there is substantial experience in clinical applications of placental extract for different indications. Aqueous extract of human placentacontains growth factors, cytokines/chemokines, natural metabolic and other compounds, anti-oxidants, amino acids, vitamins, trace elements and biomolecules, which individually or in combination show accelerated cellular metabolism, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, cellular proliferation and stimulation of tissue regeneration processes. Placental extract treatment is proposed as a suitable therapeutic approach consideringthe above properties which could protect against initial viral entry and acute inflammation of alveolar epithelial cells, reconstitute pulmonary microenvironment and regenerate the lung. We reviewed useful therapeutic information of placental biomolecules in relation to COVID-19 treatment. We propose the new approach of using placental growth factors, chemokines and cytokine which will execute antiviral activity in coordination with innate and humoral immunity and improve patient's immunological responses to COVID-19. Executing a clinical trial using placental extract as preventive, protective and/or therapeutic approach for COVID-19treatment could advance the development of a most promising therapeutic candidate that can join the armamentaria against the COVID-19 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghnad G Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, D Y Patil Education Society (Deemed University), E 869 D. Y. Patil Vidyanagar, KasbaBawda, Kolhapur, 416006, MS, India.
| | - Jeevitaa Kshersagar
- Department of Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, D Y Patil Education Society (Deemed University), E 869 D. Y. Patil Vidyanagar, KasbaBawda, Kolhapur, 416006, MS, India
| | - Shashikant R Desai
- Stem Plus Foundation, C.T.S 648 A/1, Gajendra Bol, Gavali Galli, Peth Bhag, Sangli, 416 415, MS, India
| | - Shimpa Sharma
- Department of Medicine, D Y Patil Medical College, D Y Patil Education Society (Deemed University), E 869 D. Y. Patil Vidyanagar, KasbaBawda, Kolhapur, 416006, MS, India
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25
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Garg MK, Gopalakrishnan M, Yadav P, Misra S. Endocrine Involvement in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Implications for Care. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2020; 24:381-386. [PMID: 33489841 PMCID: PMC7810055 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_440_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID -19) has rapidly emerged as a global pandemic with multi-system involvement. Involvement of the endocrine system is expected in COVID-19 as the interplay between severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and the endocrine system occurs at multiple levels. The widespread presence of ACE-2 receptors on various tissues suggests scope for direct viral infection. The interactions via the activation of inflammatory mediators and indirect immune-mediated damage are also postulated. Evidence so far suggests that COVID-19 can cause functional hypopituitarism by direct and indirect effects on the hypothalamo-pituitary axis resulting in inappropriate adrenal response to stress. Several reports highlight possible immune-mediated damage to thyroid glands resulting in subacute thyroiditis. COVID-19 is implicated in precipitating hyperglycemia in known diabetics and uncovering insulin resistance in those previously undiagnosed. COVID-19 has also been shown to trigger Type 1 Diabetes with ketosis. Various mechanisms including direct virus-induced beta cell apoptosis and immune-mediated beta-cell damage have been demonstrated. The presence of virus in semen has unclear clinical significance at present. In this mini-review summarize the endocrine manifestations reported so far in COVID-19 disease and explore mechanisms to decipher how SARS CoV-2 may affect various endocrine organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Garg
- Professor, Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Maya Gopalakrishnan
- Assistant Professor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prakrati Yadav
- Resident Doctor, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Director and Chief Executive Officer, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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26
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Novel Outcome Biomarkers Identified With Targeted Proteomic Analyses of Plasma From Critically Ill Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0189. [PMID: 32904064 PMCID: PMC7449255 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU have high mortality. The host response to coronavirus disease 2019 has only been partially elucidated, and prognostic biomarkers have not been identified. We performed targeted proteomics on critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients to better understand their pathophysiologic mediators and to identify potential outcome markers.
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27
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Is there a role for insulin-like growth factor inhibition in the treatment of COVID-19-related adult respiratory distress syndrome? Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110167. [PMID: 32795835 PMCID: PMC7413200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the leading cause of death associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. IGF-1 has been implicated in ARDS, yet its role in relation to COVID-19-related lung injury has not been investigated. We hypothesize that blockage of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) mitigates lung injury and decreases the risk of death in patients COVID-19-related ARDS. Patients with fibroproliferative ARDS have been shown to have increased IGF-1 and IGF-1R staining in lung tissue specimens. Rising levels of IGF-1 in bronchioalveolar fluid (BAL) and increased IGF-1 mRNA expression in lung tissues (but declining serum IGF-1 levels) have been found in late stage ARDS compared with early lung injury. Blockage of IGF-1R decreases lung tissue damage and increases survival in bleomycin-induced as well as H1N1 influenza-related lung injury in animal models. Teprotumumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF-1R that was FDA-approved in 2020 for the treatment of Graves’ orbitopathy. In order to determine if teprotumumab may reduce lung injury and death related to ARDS in the setting of COVID-19, preliminary clinical data is needed. IGF-1 levels in serum and BAL fluid must be measured in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. Histopathology from lung samples from patients with COVID-19-related ARDS must be examined for increased expression of the IGF-1R. Once these are ascertained, and if the data support IGF-1 involvement, a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2A trial of teprotumumab therapy in the setting of COVID-19-related ARDS and non-COVID-19-related ARDS designed to generate initial data on short-term efficacy, safety, dosing and administration should be performed.
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28
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Choudhary S, Malik YS, Tomar S. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Inhibitors by Drug Repurposing Using in silico Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1664. [PMID: 32754161 PMCID: PMC7365927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly spreading, highly contagious and pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell by binding of the viral surface spike glycoprotein (S-protein) to cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The virus specific molecular interaction with the host cell represents a promising therapeutic target for identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs. The repurposing of drugs can provide a rapid and potential cure toward exponentially expanding COVID-19. Thereto, high throughput virtual screening approach was used to investigate FDA approved LOPAC library drugs against both the receptor binding domain of spike protein (S-RBD) and ACE2 host cell receptor. Primary screening identified a few promising molecules for both the targets, which were further analyzed in details by their binding energy, binding modes through molecular docking, dynamics and simulations. Evidently, GR 127935 hydrochloride hydrate, GNF-5, RS504393, TNP, and eptifibatide acetate were found binding to virus binding motifs of ACE2 receptor. Additionally, KT203, BMS195614, KT185, RS504393, and GSK1838705A were identified to bind at the receptor binding site on the viral S-protein. These identified molecules may effectively assist in controlling the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 by not only potentially inhibiting the virus at entry step but are also hypothesized to act as anti-inflammatory agents, which could impart relief in lung inflammation. Timely identification and determination of an effective drug to combat and tranquilize the COVID-19 global crisis is the utmost need of hour. Further, prompt in vivo testing to validate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibition efficiency by these molecules could save lives is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Yashpal S. Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shailly Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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29
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Khan MAAK, Sany MRU, Islam MS, Islam ABMMK. Epigenetic Regulator miRNA Pattern Differences Among SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2 World-Wide Isolates Delineated the Mystery Behind the Epic Pathogenicity and Distinct Clinical Characteristics of Pandemic COVID-19. Front Genet 2020; 11:765. [PMID: 32765592 PMCID: PMC7381279 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is still elusive, and there is a need to address its deadly nature and to design effective therapeutics. Here, we present a study that elucidates the interplay between the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses' and host's miRNAs, an epigenetic regulator, as a mode of pathogenesis; and we explored how the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections differ in terms of their miRNA-mediated interactions with the host and the implications this has in terms of disease complexity. We have utilized computational approaches to predict potential host and viral miRNAs and their possible roles in different important functional pathways. We have identified several putative host antiviral miRNAs that can target the SARS viruses and also predicted SARS viruses-encoded miRNAs targeting host genes. In silico predicted targets were also integrated with SARS-infected human cell microarray and RNA-seq gene expression data. A comparison between the host miRNA binding profiles on 67 different SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 24 different countries with respective country's normalized death count surprisingly uncovered some miRNA clusters, which are associated with increased death rates. We have found that induced cellular miRNAs can be both a boon and a bane to the host immunity, as they have possible roles in neutralizing the viral threat; conversely, they can also function as proviral factors. On the other hand, from over representation analysis, our study revealed that although both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viral miRNAs could target broad immune-signaling pathways; only some of the SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs are found to uniquely target some immune-signaling pathways, such as autophagy, IFN-I signaling, etc., which might suggest their immune-escape mechanisms for prolonged latency inside some hosts without any symptoms of COVID-19. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 can modulate several important cellular pathways that might lead to the increased anomalies in patients with comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, breathing complications, etc. This might suggest that miRNAs can be a key epigenetic modulator behind the overcomplications amongst the COVID-19 patients. Our results support that miRNAs of host and SARS-CoV-2 can indeed play a role in the pathogenesis which can be further concluded with more experiments. These results will also be useful in designing RNA therapeutics to alleviate the complications from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Rabi Us Sany
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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30
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Bao J, Wang X, Liu S, Zou Q, Zheng S, Yu F, Chen Y. Galectin-1 Ameliorates Influenza A H1N1pdm09 Virus-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1293. [PMID: 32595629 PMCID: PMC7303544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the major epidemic diseases worldwide. Acute lung injury mainly caused by excessive pro-inflammatory host immune responses leads to high mortality rates in severe influenza patients. Galectin-1, an animal lectin ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, is reported to play important roles in viral diseases. Here, we established murine and A549 cell models to explore the potential roles of galectin-1 treatment in H1N1pdm09-induced acute lung injury. We found that galectin-1 protein level was elevated in A549 cell culture supernatants and mouse BALF after H1N1pdm09 challenge. In vivo experiments showed recombinant galectin-1 treatment reduced wet/dry weight ratio, inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse lungs and mediated the expression of cytokines and chemokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p40), IL-12(p70), G-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1α and RANTES in serum and BALF of infected mice. Reduced apoptosis and viral titers in mouse lungs were also found after galectin-1 treatment. As expected, galectin-1 treated mice performed reduced body weight loss and enhanced survival rate against H1N1pdm09 challenge. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that viral titers decreased in a dose-dependent manner and cell apoptosis in A549 cells reduced after recombinant galectin-1 treatment. Taken together, our findings indicate a potentially positive effect of Gal-1 treatment on ameliorating the progress of H1N1pdm09-induced acute lung injury and recombinant galectin-1 might serve as a new agent in treating influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianda Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufa Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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