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Wang Z, Yang J, Yang L, Zhong Y, Wang P. Characteristics of a pseudolysogenic phage vB_YpM_HQ103 infecting Yersinia pestis. Virus Res 2024; 346:199395. [PMID: 38782263 PMCID: PMC11177050 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is a natural focal disease and the presence of Y. pestis in the environment is a critical ecological concern worldwide. The role of Y. pestis phages in the ecological life cycle of the plague is crucial. Previously, a temperature-sensitive phage named vB_YpM_HQ103 was isolated from plague foci in Yunnan province, China. Upon infecting the EV76 strain of Y. pestis, vB_YpM_HQ103 exhibits lysogenic behavior at 21 °C and lytic behavior at 37 °C. Various methods including continuous passage lysogenic tests, in vitro lysis tests, comparative genomic assays, fluorescence quantitative PCR and receptor identification tests were employed to demonstrate that the lysogenic life cycle of this phage is applicable to wild Y. pestis strains; its lysogeny is pseudolysogenic (carrying but not integrating), allowing it to replicate and proliferate within Y. pestis. Furthermore, we have identified the outer membrane protein OmpA of Y. pestis as the receptor for phage infection. In conclusion, our research provides insight into the characteristics and receptors of a novel Y. pestis phage infection with a pseudolysogenic cycle. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of Y. pestis phages and plague microecology, offering valuable insights for future studies on the conservation and genetic evolution of Y. pestis in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Youhong Zhong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, China.
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2
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Takahara M, Hirayama S, Futamata H, Nakao R, Tashiro Y. Biofilm-derived membrane vesicles exhibit potent immunomodulatory activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:224-236. [PMID: 38797913 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria form biofilms on epithelial cells, and most bacterial biofilms show increased production of membrane vesicles (MVs), also known as outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria. Numerous studies have investigated the MVs released under planktonic conditions; however, the impact of MVs released from biofilms on immune responses remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of MVs obtained from both planktonic and biofilm cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The innate immune responses of macrophages to planktonic-derived MVs (p-MVs) and biofilm-derived MVs (b-MVs) were investigated by measuring the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results showed that b-MVs induced a higher expression of inflammatory cytokines, including Il1b, Il6, and Il12p40, than p-MVs. The mRNA expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) differed between the two types of MVs, but not Tlr2. Polymyxin B significantly neutralized b-MV-mediated cytokine induction, suggesting that lipopolysaccharide of native b-MVs is the origin of the immune response. In addition, heat-treated or homogenized b-MVs induced the mRNA expression of cytokines, including Tnfa, Il1b, Il6, and Il12p40. Heat treatment of MVs led to increased expression of Tlr2 but not Tlr4, suggesting that TLR2 ligands play a role in detecting the pathogen-associated molecular patterns in lysed MVs. Taken together, our data indicate that potent immunomodulatory MVs are produced in P. aeruginosa biofilms and that this behavior could be a strategy for the bacteria to infect host cells. Furthermore, our findings would contribute to developing novel vaccines using MVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minato Takahara
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Futamata
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoma Nakao
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tashiro
- Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
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3
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Ayilam Ramachandran R, Lemoff A, Robertson DM. Extracellular vesicles released by host epithelial cells during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection function as homing beacons for neutrophils. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:341. [PMID: 38907250 PMCID: PMC11191230 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause sight threatening infections in the eye and fatal infections in the cystic fibrosis airway. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by host cells during infection and by the bacteria themselves; however, there are no studies on the composition and functional role of host-derived EVs during PA infection of the eye or lung. Here we investigated the composition and capacity of EVs released by PA infected epithelial cells to modulate innate immune responses in host cells. METHODS Human telomerase immortalized corneal epithelial cells (hTCEpi) cells and human telomerase immortalized bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were treated with a standard invasive test strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAO1, for 6 h. Host derived EVs were isolated by qEV size exclusion chromatography. EV proteomic profiles during infection were compared using mass spectrometry and functional studies were carried out using hTCEpi cells, HBECs, differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells, and primary human neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood. RESULTS EVs released from PA infected corneal epithelial cells increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production in naïve corneal epithelial cells and induced neutrophil chemotaxis independent of cytokine production. The EVs released from PA infected bronchial epithelial cells were also chemotactic although they failed to induce cytokine secretion from naïve HBECs. At the proteomic level, EVs derived from PA infected corneal epithelial cells exhibited lower complexity compared to bronchial epithelial cells, with the latter having reduced protein expression compared to the non-infected control. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to comprehensively profile EVs released by corneal and bronchial epithelial cells during Pseudomonas infection. Together, these findings show that EVs released by PA infected corneal and bronchial epithelial cells function as potent mediators of neutrophil migration, contributing to the exuberant neutrophil response that occurs during infection in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- The Departments of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Danielle M Robertson
- The Departments of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- The Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, 75390-9057, Dallas, TX, USA.
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4
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Kaur M, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Maintenance of bacterial outer membrane lipid asymmetry: insight into MlaA. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:186. [PMID: 38802775 PMCID: PMC11131202 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria acts as an effective barrier to protect against toxic compounds. By nature, the OM is asymmetric with the highly packed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the outer leaflet and glycerophospholipids at the inner leaflet. OM asymmetry is maintained by the Mla system, in which is responsible for the retrograde transport of glycerophospholipids from the OM to the inner membrane. This system is comprised of six Mla proteins, including MlaA, an OM lipoprotein involved in the removal of glycerophospholipids that are mis-localized at the outer leaflet of the OM. Interestingly, MlaA was initially identified - and called VacJ - based on its role in the intracellular spreading of Shigella flexneri.Many open questions remain with respect to the Mla system and the mechanism involved in the translocation of mislocated glycerophospholipids at the outer leaflet of the OM, by MlaA. After summarizing the current knowledge on MlaA, we focus on the impact of mlaA deletion on OM lipid composition and biophysical properties of the OM. How changes in OM lipid composition and biophysical properties can impact the generation of membrane vesicles and membrane permeability is discussed. Finally, we explore whether and how MlaA might be a candidate for improving the activity of antibiotics and as a vaccine candidate.Efforts dedicated to understanding the relationship between the OM lipid composition and the mechanical strength of the bacterial envelope and, in turn, how such properties act against external stress, are needed for the design of new targets or drugs for Gram-negative infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaur
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, B1.73.05; 73 Av E. Mounier, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - M-P Mingeot-Leclercq
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, B1.73.05; 73 Av E. Mounier, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
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5
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Marinacci B, Krzyżek P, Pellegrini B, Turacchio G, Grande R. Latest Update on Outer Membrane Vesicles and Their Role in Horizontal Gene Transfer: A Mini-Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:860. [PMID: 37999346 PMCID: PMC10673008 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, lipid-based nano-structures, which are released by Gram-negative bacteria in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The size and composition of OMVs depend on not only the producer bacterial species but also cells belonging to the same strain. The mechanism of vesicles' biogenesis has a key role in determining their cargo and the pattern of macromolecules exposed on their surface. Thus, the content of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules defines the properties of OMVs and their beneficial or harmful effects on human health. Many studies have provided evidence that OMVs can be involved in a plethora of biological processes, including cell-to-cell communication and bacteria-host interactions. Moreover, there is a growing body of literature supporting their role in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). During this process, OMVs can facilitate the spreading of genes involved in metabolic pathways, virulence, and antibiotic resistance, guaranteeing bacterial proliferation and survival. For this reason, a deeper understanding of this new mechanism of genetic transfer could improve the development of more efficient strategies to counteract infections sustained by Gram-negative bacteria. In line with this, the main aim of this mini-review is to summarize the latest evidence concerning the involvement of OMVs in HGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Marinacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.M.); (B.P.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Benedetta Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Rossella Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (B.M.); (B.P.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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6
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Zhang B, Xu J, Sun M, Yu P, Ma Y, Xie L, Chen L. Comparative secretomic and proteomic analysis reveal multiple defensive strategies developed by Vibrio cholerae against the heavy metal (Cd 2+, Ni 2+, Pb 2+, and Zn 2+) stresses. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1294177. [PMID: 37954246 PMCID: PMC10637575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a common waterborne pathogen that can cause pandemic cholera in humans. The bacterium with heavy metal-tolerant phenotypes is frequently isolated from aquatic products, however, its tolerance mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated for the first time the response of such V. cholerae isolates (n = 3) toward the heavy metal (Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) stresses by comparative secretomic and proteomic analyses. The results showed that sublethal concentrations of the Pb2+ (200 μg/mL), Cd2+ (12.5 μg/mL), and Zn2+ (50 μg/mL) stresses for 2 h significantly decreased the bacterial cell membrane fluidity, but increased cell surface hydrophobicity and inner membrane permeability, whereas the Ni2+ (50 μg/mL) stress increased cell membrane fluidity (p < 0.05). The comparative secretomic and proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed extracellular and intracellular proteins involved in common metabolic pathways in the V. cholerae isolates to reduce cytotoxicity of the heavy metal stresses, such as biosorption, transportation and effluxing, extracellular sequestration, and intracellular antioxidative defense. Meanwhile, different defensive strategies were also found in the V. cholerae isolates to cope with different heavy metal damage. Remarkably, a number of putative virulence and resistance-associated proteins were produced and/or secreted by the V. cholerae isolates under the heavy metal stresses, suggesting an increased health risk in the aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics (Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai), Institute of Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Zhou X, Gao M, De X, Sun T, Bai Z, Luo J, Wang F, Ge J. Bacterium-like particles derived from probiotics: progress, challenges and prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1263586. [PMID: 37868963 PMCID: PMC10587609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade Lactococcus lactis inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high safety, great stability, high loading capacity, and high mucosal delivery efficiency, BLPs can load and display proteins on the surface with the help of protein anchor (PA), making BLPs a proper delivery system. Owning to these features, BLPs are widely used in the development of adjuvants, vaccine carriers, virus/antigens purification, and enzyme immobilization. This review has attempted to gather a full understanding of the technical composition, characteristics, applications. The mechanism by which BLPs induces superior adaptive immune responses is also discussed. Besides, this review tracked the latest developments in the field of BLPs, including Lactobacillus-derived BLPs and novel anchors. Finally, the main limitations and proposed breakthrough points to further enhance the immunogenicity of BLPs vaccines were discussed, providing directions for future research. We hope that further developments in the field of antigen delivery of subunit vaccines or others will benefit from BLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinqi De
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhikun Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jilong Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, China
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8
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de Sandozequi A, Martínez‐Anaya C. Bacterial surface-exposed lipoproteins and sortase-mediated anchored cell surface proteins in plant infection. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1382. [PMID: 37877658 PMCID: PMC10501053 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell envelope is involved in all stages of infection and the study of its components and structures is important to understand how bacteria interact with the extracellular milieu. Thanks to new techniques that focus on identifying bacterial surface proteins, we now better understand the specific components involved in host-pathogen interactions. In the fight against the deleterious effects of pathogenic bacteria, bacterial surface proteins (at the cell envelope) are important targets as they play crucial roles in the colonization and infection of host tissues. These surface proteins serve functions such as protection, secretion, biofilm formation, nutrient intake, metabolism, and virulence. Bacteria use different mechanisms to associate proteins to the cell surface via posttranslational modification, such as the addition of a lipid moiety to create lipoproteins and attachment to the peptidoglycan layer by sortases. In this review, we focus on these types of proteins (and provide examples of others) that are associated with the bacterial cell envelope by posttranslational modifications and their roles in plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés de Sandozequi
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y BiocatálisisInstituto de BiotecnologíaCuernavacaMéxico
| | - Claudia Martínez‐Anaya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y BiocatálisisInstituto de BiotecnologíaCuernavacaMéxico
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9
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Fang Y, Yang G, Wu X, Qin B, Xie Y, Zhuang L. Sub-MIC antibiotics affect microbial ferrihydrite reduction by extracellular membrane vesicles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131876. [PMID: 37379597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concentrations of antibiotics, usually below MIC, have significant biological effects on bacterial cells. Sub-MIC antibiotics exposure induces bacteria to produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Recently, OMVs is discovered as a novel pathway for dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria (DIRB) to mediate extracellular electron transfer (EET). Whether and how the antibiotic-induced OMVs modulate iron oxides reduction by DIRB have not been studied. This study showed the sub-MIC antibiotics (ampicillin or ciprofloxacin) increased OMVs secretion in Geobacter sulfurreducens, and the antibiotic-induced OMVs contained more redox active cytochromes facilitating iron oxides reduction, especially for the ciprofloxacin-induced OMVs. Deduced from a combination of electron microscopy and proteomic analysis, the influence of ciprofloxacin on SOS response triggered prophage induction and led to the formation of outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs) in, which was a first report in Geobacter species. While ampicillin disrupting cell membrane integrity resulted in more formation of classic OMVs from outer membrane blebbing. The results indicated that the different structure and composition of vesicles were responsible for the antibiotic-dependent regulation on iron oxides reduction. This newly identified regulation on EET-mediated redox reactions by sub-MIC antibiotics expands our knowledge about the impact of antibiotics on microbial processes or "non-target" organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlun Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xian Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baoli Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yiqiao Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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10
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Hastings CJ, Syed SS, Marques CNH. Subversion of the Complement System by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0001823. [PMID: 37436150 PMCID: PMC10464199 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00018-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen heavily implicated in chronic diseases. Immunocompromised patients that become infected with P. aeruginosa usually are afflicted with a lifelong chronic infection, leading to worsened patient outcomes. The complement system is an integral piece of the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. Gram-negative bacteria are thought to be generally susceptible to attack from complement; however, P. aeruginosa can be an exception, with certain strains being serum resistant. Various molecular mechanisms have been described that confer P. aeruginosa unique resistance to numerous aspects of the complement response. In this review, we summarize the current published literature regarding the interactions of P. aeruginosa and complement, as well as the mechanisms used by P. aeruginosa to exploit various complement deficiencies and the strategies used to disrupt or hijack normal complement activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody James Hastings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Shazrah Salim Syed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Cláudia Nogueira Hora Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
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11
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Xu Q, Guo M, Yu F. β-Barrel Assembly Machinery (BAM) Complex as Novel Antibacterial Drug Target. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093758. [PMID: 37175168 PMCID: PMC10180388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is closely related to the pathogenicity and drug resistance of bacteria. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are a class of proteins with important biological functions on the outer membrane. The β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex plays a key role in OMP biogenesis, which ensures that the OMP is inserted into the outer membrane in a correct folding manner and performs nutrient uptake, antibiotic resistance, cell adhesion, cell signaling, and maintenance of membrane stability and other functions. The BAM complex is highly conserved among Gram-negative bacteria. The abnormality of the BAM complex will lead to the obstruction of OMP folding, affect the function of the outer membrane, and eventually lead to bacterial death. In view of the important role of the BAM complex in OMP biogenesis, the BAM complex has become an attractive target for the development of new antibacterial drugs against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we summarize the structure and function of the BAM complex and review the latest research progress of antibacterial drugs targeting BAM in order to provide a new perspective for the development of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Min Guo
- Allergy Clinic, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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12
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Caliskan M, Poschmann G, Gudzuhn M, Waldera-Lupa D, Molitor R, Strunk CH, Streit WR, Jaeger KE, Stühler K, Kovacic F. Pseudomonas aeruginosa responds to altered membrane phospholipid composition by adjusting the production of two-component systems, proteases and iron uptake proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159317. [PMID: 37054907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane protein and phospholipid (PL) composition changes in response to environmental cues and during infections. To achieve these, bacteria use adaptation mechanisms involving covalent modification and remodelling of the acyl chain length of PLs. However, little is known about bacterial pathways regulated by PLs. Here, we investigated proteomic changes in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa phospholipase mutant (∆plaF) with altered membrane PL composition. The results revealed profound alterations in the abundance of many biofilm-related two-component systems (TCSs), including accumulation of PprAB, a key regulator of the transition to biofilm. Furthermore, a unique phosphorylation pattern of transcriptional regulators, transporters and metabolic enzymes, as well as differential production of several proteases, in ∆plaF, indicate that PlaF-mediated virulence adaptation involves complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional response. Moreover, proteomics and biochemical assays revealed the depletion of pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake pathway proteins in ∆plaF, while proteins from alternative iron-uptake systems were accumulated. These suggest that PlaF may function as a switch between different iron-acquisition pathways. The observation that PL-acyl chain modifying and PL synthesis enzymes were overproduced in ∆plaF reveals the interconnection of degradation, synthesis and modification of PLs for proper membrane homeostasis. Although the precise mechanism by which PlaF simultaneously affects multiple pathways remains to be elucidated, we suggest that alteration of PL composition in ∆plaF plays a role for the global adaptive response in P. aeruginosa mediated by TCSs and proteases. Our study revealed the global regulation of virulence and biofilm by PlaF and suggests that targeting this enzyme may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttalip Caliskan
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirja Gudzuhn
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Waldera-Lupa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecka Molitor
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Filip Kovacic
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Jülich, Germany.
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Guo J, Zhu J, Zhao T, Sun Z, Song S, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Cao S, Deng X, Chai Y, Sun Y, Maratbek S, Chen C, Liu L, Zhang H. Survival characteristics and transcriptome profiling reveal the adaptive response of the Brucella melitensis 16M biofilm to osmotic stress. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968592. [PMID: 36060772 PMCID: PMC9428795 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella can inhabit hostile environments, including osmotic stress. How Brucella responds collectively to osmotic stress is largely unexplored, particularly in spatially structured communities such as a biofilm. To gain insight into this growth mode, we set out to characterize the Brucella melitensis 16M biofilm, describe its phenotype, and carry out a comparative transcriptomic analysis between biofilms under osmotic stress and control conditions. We determined that the bacteria challenged with 1.5 M NaCl had a reduced ability to aggregate and form clumps and develop a biofilm; however, the salt stress promoted the release of the outer membrane vesicles from the biofilm. Together with the genotypical response to osmotic stress, we identified 279 differentially expressed genes in B. melitensis 16M grown under osmotic conditions compared with control conditions; 69 genes were upregulated and 210 downregulated. Under osmotic stress, the main changed genes of biofilm were predicted to be involved in flagellar assembly, cell envelope, translation, small RNA regulation, transport and binding proteins, and energy metabolism. In addition, the ABC transporter was enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. We highlight 12 essential ABC transporter genes associated with a bacterial response to osmotic stress at the biofilm stage, including one specific locus, BME_RS12880, mediating betaine accumulation in biofilms to eliminate osmotic stress. The current study results can help researchers gain insights into B. melitensis 16M biofilm adaptation to osmotic stress and provide information for developing intervention strategies to control Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiale Zhu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shengnan Song
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dexin Zhu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shuzhu Cao
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xingmei Deng
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yingjin Chai
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Sheep Healthy Farming and Zoonotic Disease Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suleimenov Maratbek
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- College of Veterinary, National Agricultural University of Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Liangbo Liu
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Liangbo Liu,
| | - Hui Zhang
- State International Joint Research Center for Animal Health Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Hui Zhang,
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14
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Rudnicka M, Noszczyńska M, Malicka M, Kasperkiewicz K, Pawlik M, Piotrowska-Seget Z. Outer Membrane Vesicles as Mediators of Plant-Bacterial Interactions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:902181. [PMID: 35722319 PMCID: PMC9198584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.902181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have co-evolved with diverse microorganisms that have developed different mechanisms of direct and indirect interactions with their host. Recently, greater attention has been paid to a direct "message" delivery pathway from bacteria to plants, mediated by the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs produced by Gram-negative bacteria play significant roles in multiple interactions with other bacteria within the same community, the environment, and colonized hosts. The combined forces of innovative technologies and experience in the area of plant-bacterial interactions have put pressure on a detailed examination of the OMVs composition, the routes of their delivery to plant cells, and their significance in pathogenesis, protection, and plant growth promotion. This review synthesizes the available knowledge on OMVs in the context of possible mechanisms of interactions between OMVs, bacteria, and plant cells. OMVs are considered to be potential stimulators of the plant immune system, holding potential for application in plant bioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monika Malicka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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15
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A Putative Lipoprotein Mediates Cell-Cell Contact for Type VI Secretion System-Dependent Killing of Specific Competitors. mBio 2022; 13:e0308521. [PMID: 35404117 PMCID: PMC9040878 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03085-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interbacterial competition is prevalent in host-associated microbiota, where it can shape community structure and function, impacting host health in both positive and negative ways. However, the factors that permit bacteria to discriminate among their various neighbors for targeted elimination of competitors remain elusive. We identified a putative lipoprotein (TasL) in Vibrio species that mediates cell-cell attachment with a subset of target strains, allowing inhibitors to target specific competitors for elimination. Here, we describe this putative lipoprotein, which is associated with the broadly distributed type VI secretion system (T6SS), by studying symbiotic Vibrio fischeri, which uses the T6SS to compete for colonization sites in their squid host. We demonstrate that TasL allows V. fischeri cells to restrict T6SS-dependent killing to certain genotypes by selectively integrating competitor cells into aggregates while excluding other cell types. TasL is also required for T6SS-dependent competition within juvenile squid, indicating that the adhesion factor is active in the host. Because TasL homologs are found in other host-associated bacterial species, this newly described cell-cell attachment mechanism has the potential to impact microbiome structure within diverse hosts. IMPORTANCE T6SSs are broadly distributed interbacterial weapons that share an evolutionary history with bacteriophage. Because the T6SS can be used to kill neighboring cells, it can impact the spatial distribution and biological function of both free-living and host-associated microbial communities. Like their phage relatives, T6SS+ cells must sufficiently bind competitor cells to deliver their toxic effector proteins through the syringe-like apparatus. Although phage use receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) and tail fibers to selectively bind prey cells, the biophysical properties that mediate this cell-cell contact for T6SS-mediated killing remain unknown. Here, we identified a large, predicted lipoprotein that is coordinately expressed with T6SS proteins and facilitates the contact that is necessary for the T6SS-dependent elimination of competitors in a natural host. Similar to phage RBPs and tail fibers, this lipoprotein is required for T6SS+ cells to discriminate between prey and nonprey cell types, revealing new insight into prey selection during T6SS-mediated competition.
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16
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Cell Envelope Stress Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:147-184. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Direct and Indirect Interactions Promote Complexes of the Lipoprotein LbcA, the CtpA Protease and Its Substrates, and Other Cell Wall Proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0039321. [PMID: 34570626 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00393-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipoprotein LbcA was discovered because it copurified with and promoted the activity of CtpA, a carboxyl-terminal processing protease (CTP) required for type III secretion system function and virulence in a mouse model of acute pneumonia. In this study, we explored the role of LbcA by determining its effect on the proteome and its participation in protein complexes. lbcA- and ctpA-null mutations had strikingly similar effects on the proteome, suggesting that assisting CtpA might be the most impactful role of LbcA in the bacterial cell. Independent complexes containing LbcA and CtpA, or LbcA and a substrate, were isolated from P. aeruginosa cells, indicating that LbcA facilitates proteolysis by recruiting the protease and its substrates independently. An unbiased examination of proteins that copurified with LbcA revealed an enrichment for proteins associated with the cell wall. One of these copurification partners was found to be a new CtpA substrate and the first substrate that is not a peptidoglycan hydrolase. Many of the other LbcA copurification partners are known or predicted peptidoglycan hydrolases. However, some of these LbcA copurification partners were not cleaved by CtpA, and an in vitro assay revealed that while CtpA and all of its substrates bound to LbcA directly, these nonsubstrates did not. Subsequent experiments suggested that the nonsubstrates might copurify with LbcA by participating in multienzyme complexes containing LbcA-binding CtpA substrates. IMPORTANCE Carboxyl-terminal processing proteases (CTPs) are widely conserved and associated with the virulence of several bacteria, including CtpA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CtpA copurifies with the uncharacterized lipoprotein LbcA. This study shows that the most impactful role of LbcA might be to promote CtpA-dependent proteolysis and that it achieves this as a scaffold for CtpA and its substrates. It also reveals that LbcA copurification partners are enriched for cell wall-associated proteins, one of which is a novel CtpA substrate. Some of the LbcA copurification partners are not cleaved by CtpA but might copurify with LbcA because they participate in multienzyme complexes containing CtpA substrates. These findings are important because CTPs and their associated proteins affect peptidoglycan remodeling and virulence in multiple species.
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