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Crepin DM, Chavignon M, Verhoeven PO, Laurent F, Josse J, Butin M. Staphylococcus capitis: insights into epidemiology, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of a clinically relevant bacterial species. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0011823. [PMID: 38899876 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00118-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYStaphylococcus capitis is divided into two subspecies, S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus (renamed urealyticus in 1992; ATCC 49326) and S. capitis subsp. capitis (ATCC 27840), and fits with the archetype of clinically relevant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). S. capitis is a commensal bacterium of the skin in humans, which must be considered an opportunistic pathogen of interest particularly as soon as it is identified in a clinically relevant specimen from an immunocompromised patient. Several studies have highlighted the potential determinants underlying S. capitis pathogenicity, resistance profiles, and virulence factors. In addition, mobile genetic element acquisitions and mutations contribute to S. capitis genome adaptation to its environment. Over the past decades, antibiotic resistance has been identified for S. capitis in almost all the families of the currently available antibiotics and is related to the emergence of multidrug-resistant clones of high clinical significance. The present review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the taxonomic position of S. capitis among staphylococci, the involvement of this species in human colonization and diseases, the virulence factors supporting its pathogenicity, and the phenotypic and genomic antimicrobial resistance profiles of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Crepin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Chavignon
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul O Verhoeven
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, GIMAP Team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, St-Etienne, France
- Service des agents infectieux et d'hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de St-Etienne, St-Etienne, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Josse
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Butin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Staphylococcal pathogenesis team, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Service de Néonatologie et Réanimation Néonatale, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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Zhang GXZ, Liu TT, Ren AX, Liang WX, Yin H, Cai Y. Advances in contezolid: novel oxazolidinone antibacterial in Gram-positive treatment. Infection 2024; 52:787-800. [PMID: 38717734 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The principal objective of this project was to review and thoroughly examine the chemical characteristics, pharmacological activity, and quantification methods associated with contezolid. METHODS The article was based on published and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies on the application of contezolid. These studies included experiments on the physicochemical properties of contezolid, in vitro antimicrobial research, in vivo antimicrobial research, and clinical trials in various phases. There were no date restrictions on these studies. RESULTS In June 2021, contezolid was approved for treating complicated skin and soft tissue infections. The structural modification of contezolid has resulted in better efficacy compared to linezolid. It inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the production of the functional 70S initiation complex required to translate bacterial proteins. The current evidence has indicated a substantial decline in myelosuppression and monoamine oxidase inhibition without impairing its antibacterial properties. Contezolid was found to have a more significant safety profile and to be metabolised by flavin monooxygenase 5, reducing the risk of harmful effects due to drug-drug interactions. Adjusting doses is unnecessary for patients with mild to moderate renal or hepatic insufficiency. CONCLUSION As an oral oxazolidinone antimicrobial agent, contezolid is effective against multi-drug resistant Gram-positive bacteria. The introduction of contezolid provided a new clinical option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Xuan-Zi Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Graduate School of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Health Services, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ai-Xia Ren
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Graduate School of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Neurology, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wen-Xin Liang
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hong Yin
- Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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3
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Liu P, Jiang Y, Jiao L, Luo Y, Wang X, Yang T. Strategies for the Discovery of Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents: Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13860-13873. [PMID: 37807849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxazolidinones represent a significant class of synthetic bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors that are primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria. The commercial success of linezolid, the first FDA-approved oxazolidinone antibiotic, has motivated researchers to develop more potent oxazolidinones by employing various drug development strategies to fight against antimicrobial resistance, some of which have shown promising results. Thus, this Perspective aims to discuss the strategies employed in constructing oxazolidinone-based antibacterial agents and summarize recent advances in discovering oxazolidinone antibiotics to provide valuable insights for potentially developing next-generation oxazolidinone antibacterial agents or other pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxian Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Jiao
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Xu Z, Zhang J, Guan T, Wan G, Jiang C, Lang L, Wang L. Case report: Successful treatment with contezolid in a patient with tuberculous meningitis who was intolerant to linezolid. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1224179. [PMID: 37928457 PMCID: PMC10621037 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1224179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common form of central nervous system tuberculosis (TB) and the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB. It often presents with non-specific symptoms initially and has a high mortality and disability rate. With good central nervous system penetration, linezolid is recommended for treating drug-resistant, severe, or refractory tuberculous meningitis in China. Despite the benefits of linezolid on TBM treatment, the adverse effects of long-term therapy, such as myelosuppression, peripheral neuritis, and optic neuritis, are notable and can be severe and even life-threatening, leading to discontinuation and compromising treatment expectations. Contezolid is a novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agent approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China in 2021, which has a more favorable safety profile than linezolid in terms of myelosuppression and monoamine oxidase inhibition. Here we first report a case of TBM in a patient who was intolerant to antituberculosis treatment with linezolid and achieved good efficacy and safety results after the compassionate use of contezolid. Given the widespread use of linezolid in TB treatment and the potential risks for long-term use, multi-center prospective controlled clinical trials in TB and TBM patients are needed to investigate the appropriate use of contezolid further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lianzhi Wang
- Harbin Chest Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Douglas EJ, Laabei M. Staph wars: the antibiotic pipeline strikes back. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169:001387. [PMID: 37656158 PMCID: PMC10569064 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic chemotherapy is widely regarded as one of the most significant medical advancements in history. However, the continued misuse of antibiotics has contributed to the rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally. Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen, has become synonymous with multidrug resistance and is a leading antimicrobial-resistant pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review focuses on (1) the targets of current anti-staphylococcal antibiotics and the specific mechanisms that confirm resistance; (2) an in-depth analysis of recently licensed antibiotics approved for the treatment of S. aureus infections; and (3) an examination of the pre-clinical pipeline of anti-staphylococcal compounds. In addition, we examine the molecular mechanism of action of novel antimicrobials and derivatives of existing classes of antibiotics, collate data on the emergence of resistance to new compounds and provide an overview of key data from clinical trials evaluating anti-staphylococcal compounds. We present several successful cases in the development of alternative forms of existing antibiotics that have activity against multidrug-resistant S. aureus. Pre-clinical antimicrobials show promise, but more focus and funding are required to develop novel classes of compounds that can curtail the spread of and sustainably control antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Wang C, Xiong Y, Bao C, Wei Y, Wen Z, Cao X, Yu Z, Deng X, Li G, Deng Q. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of radezolid against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1131178. [PMID: 37180277 PMCID: PMC10169660 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1131178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the potent antibacterial ability of radezolid against Staphylococcus aureus has been widely reported worldwide, its antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against the S. aureus clinical isolates from China remains elusive. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of radezolid was determined in S. aureus clinical isolates from China using the agar dilution method, and the relationship between radezolid susceptibility and ST distribution was also investigated. The anti-biofilm activity of radezolid against S. aureus was determined by a crystal violet assay and compared with that of linezolid and contezolid. The quantitative proteomics of S. aureus treated with radezolid was analyzed, and the genetic mutations in radezolid-induced resistant S. aureus were determined by whole-genome sequencing. The dynamic changes in transcriptional expression levels of several biofilm-related genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Our data showed that radezolid MIC ranged from ≤0.125 to 0.5 mg/L, which was almost 1/4 × MIC of linezolid against S. aureus, indicating the greater antibacterial activity of radezolid than linezolid. The S. aureus clinical isolates with radezolid MICs of 0.5 mg/L were most widely distributed in ST239 of MRSA and ST7 of MSSA. Moreover, the more robust anti-biofilm activity of radezolid with subinhibitory concentrations (1/8 × MIC and 1/16 × MIC) was demonstrated against S. aureus when compared with that of contezolid and linezolid. Genetic mutations were found in glmS, 23S rRNA, and DUF1542 domain-containing protein in radezolid-induced resistant S. aureus selected by in vitro induction of drug exposure. Quantitative proteomic analysis of S. aureus indicated that the global expression of some biofilm-related and virulence-related proteins was downregulated. Quantitative RT-PCR further confirmed that the expressions of some downregulated biofilm-related proteins, including sdrD, carA, sraP, hlgC, sasG, spa, sspP, fnbA, and oatA, were decreased after 12 h and 24 h of exposure to radezolid. Conclusively, radezolid shows robust antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus clinical isolates from China when compared with contezolid and linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yanpeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chai Bao
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Heilongjiang Medical Service Management Evaluation Center, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zewen Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangbing Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guiqiu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Quality Control Center of Hospital Infection Management of Shenzhen, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab of Endogenous Infection, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Chen P, An L, Zhang Z. Sequential Therapy of Linezolid and Contezolid to Treat Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Pneumonia in a Centenarian Patient: Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1573-1578. [PMID: 36969942 PMCID: PMC10032165 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s401533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is one of the core components of enterococci and causes serious illnesses in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. Due to its adaptive traits and antibiotic resistance, E. faecium has evolved as a worldwide hospital-associated pathogen, especially vancomsycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm). Pneumonia caused by VREfm is quite rare in clinical settings, and optimal treatment has not yet been determined. Here, we present a case of nosocomial VREfm pneumonia with lung cavitation following adenovirus infection, which was successfully treated with linezolid and contezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhijian Zhang, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 17701090515, Email
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Li B, Liu Y, Luo J, Cai Y, Chen M, Wang T. Contezolid, a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic, may improve drug-related thrombocytopenia in clinical antibacterial treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157437. [PMID: 37168994 PMCID: PMC10165100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major limitations in the clinical use of existing oxazolidinone antibiotics is their characteristic adverse reactions, in particular thrombocytopenia. In anti-infective treatment, if patients are suspected of having drug-induced thrombocytopenia, the first step is to immediately discontinue the offending drug. Even in patients with severe infections, the antibacterial drug may need to be changed or the antibacterial treatment may need to be discontinued because thrombocytopenia may have a more serious clinical prognosis. In addition, if the patient needs to continue antibacterial treatment after discharge, the lack of conditions for monitoring platelet levels may also pose hidden dangers to the patient. Contezolid is an orally administered oxazolidinone antibacterial agent approved by the National Medical Products Administration of China in 2021. We found that contezolid may have an improved safety profile with a significantly reduced potential for myelosuppression based on the results of our observational clinical study. In this article, we review the advantages of contezolid as a new oxazolidinone antibiotic and describe three typical clinical cases of patients who experienced drug-induced thrombocytopenia after using linezolid. The platelet levels of these different patients were all significantly improved to varying degrees after initiation of contezolid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supply Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supply Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Luo
- Medical School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supply Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supply Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mengli Chen, ; Tianlin Wang,
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supply Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Mengli Chen, ; Tianlin Wang,
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Zhang G, Zhang N, Dong L, Bai N, Cai Y. Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitative Determination of Contezolid in Human Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010032. [PMID: 36678529 PMCID: PMC9860615 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop and verify a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for determining contezolid in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Protein precipitation was performed on samples using linezolid as the internal standard. We used an Agilent EclipsePlus C18 column operating at 0.4 mL/min in conjunction with acetonitrile and water mobile phases for the LC-MS/MS analysis. Using the precursor-product ion pairs 409.15→269.14 (contezolid) and 338.14→195.1 (linezolid), multiple reaction monitoring was used to quantify the compounds. Plasma linearity range was 50.0 to 5000 ng/mL, and CSF was 20.0 to 1000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999). The inter-batch and intra-batch precisions were ≤2.57% and ≤5.79%, respectively. Plasma recovered 92.94%, and CSF recovered 97.83%. Plasma, CSF, hemolytic plasma, and hyperlipidemic plasma all showed a coefficient of variation ≤ 7.44%. The stability and dilution integrity of this method were also acceptable. The study also demonstrated that artificial CSF can be used as a matrix for the preparation of standard curve samples. A simple and accurate method was developed and validated for the determination of contezolid concentrations in human plasma and CSF, which may be useful for monitoring the therapeutic effect of central nervous system medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxuanzi Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Liuhan Dong
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6693-7166
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Liu J, Wang W, Wang C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu S, Xu Y, Wang H, Dai Q, Liu C, Wang X, Yuan Z, Gordeev MF. Discovery of Antibacterial Contezolid Acefosamil: Innovative O-Acyl Phosphoramidate Prodrug for IV and Oral Therapies. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1030-1035. [PMID: 35859881 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New oral antibiotic contezolid (CZD) is effective against Gram-positive infections but unsuitable for intravenous (IV) administration due to its modest solubility. To address the medical need for an IV form of CZD, its isoxazol-3-yl phosphoramidate derivatives have been explored, and contezolid acefosamil (CZA, 8), the first representative of a novel O-acyl phosphoramidate prodrug class, has been identified. CZA exhibits high aqueous solubility (>200 mg/mL) and good hydrolytic stability at media pH suitable for IV administration. CZA rapidly converts into the active drug CZD in vivo. In a pharmacokinetic (PK) rat model, the exposure of active drug CZD after IV administration of the prodrug CZA was similar to or higher than that from the IV administration of CZD. The prodrug CZA is bioequivalent to or better than CZD in several preclinical infection models. CZA is likewise active upon its oral administration. To date, CZA has been evaluated in Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials in the USA. It is advancing into further clinical studies including step-down therapy with in-hospital intravenous CZA administration followed by outpatient oral CZD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqian Liu
- MicuRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Wen Wang
- MicuRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Changqing Wang
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Shicong Liu
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yunhua Xu
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hailin Wang
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qing Dai
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xinghai Wang
- Shanghai MicuRx Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Yuan
- MicuRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Mikhail F Gordeev
- MicuRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
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Suliman RS, Alghamdi SS, Ali R, Rahman I, Alqahtani T, Frah IK, Aljatli DA, Huwaizi S, Algheribe S, Alehaideb Z, Islam I. Distinct Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity in Novel Nitrogenous Heterocycles: Future Directions for a New Anti-Cancer Agent. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082409. [PMID: 35458609 PMCID: PMC9029529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron-rich, nitrogenous heteroaromatic compounds interact more with biological/cellular components than their non-nitrogenous counterparts. The strong intermolecular interactions with proteins, enzymes, and receptors confer significant biological and therapeutic properties to the imidazole derivatives, giving rise to a well-known and extensively used range of therapeutic drugs used for infections, inflammation, and cancer, to name a few. The current study investigates the anti-cancer properties of fourteen previously synthesized nitrogenous heterocycles, derivatives of imidazole and oxazolone, on a panel of cancer cell lines and, in addition, predicts the molecular interactions, pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of these compounds. Method: The MTT and CellTiter-Glo® assays were used to screen the imidazole and oxazolone derivatives on six cancer cell lines: HL60, MDA-MB-321, KAIMRC1, KMIRC2, MCF-10A, and HCT8. Subsequently, in vitro tubulin staining and imaging were performed, and the level of apoptosis was measured using the Promega ApoTox-Glo® triplex assay. Furthermore, several computational tools were utilized to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety profile, including PASS Online, SEA Search, the QikProp tool, SwissADME, ProTox-II, and an in silico molecular docking study on tubulin to identify the critical molecular interactions. Results: In vitro analysis identified compounds 8 and 9 to possess the most significant potent cytotoxic activity on the HL60 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, supported by PASS Online anti-cancer predictions with pa scores of 0.413 and 0.434, respectively. In addition, compound 9 induced caspase 3/7 dependent-apoptosis and interfered with tubulin polymerization in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, consistent with in silico docking results, identifying binding similarity to the native ligand colchicine. All the derivatives, including compounds 8 and 9, had acceptable pharmacokinetics; however, the safety profile was suboptimal for all the tested derivates except compound 4. Conclusion: The imidazole derivative compound 9 is a promising anti-cancer agent that switches on caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death and modulates microtubule function. Therefore, it could be a lead compound for further drug optimization and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Saad Suliman
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (T.A.); (I.K.F.); (D.A.A.)
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.S.); (S.S.A.); Tel.: +966-(11)-429-9570 (R.S.S.); +966-(11)-429-9516 (S.S.A.)
| | - Sahar Saleh Alghamdi
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (T.A.); (I.K.F.); (D.A.A.)
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.S.); (S.S.A.); Tel.: +966-(11)-429-9570 (R.S.S.); +966-(11)-429-9516 (S.S.A.)
| | - Rizwan Ali
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (T.A.); (I.K.F.); (D.A.A.)
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tariq Alqahtani
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (T.A.); (I.K.F.); (D.A.A.)
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Ibrahim K. Frah
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (T.A.); (I.K.F.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dimah A. Aljatli
- College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (T.A.); (I.K.F.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Sarah Huwaizi
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Shatha Algheribe
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Zeyad Alehaideb
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
| | - Imadul Islam
- Medical Research Core Facility and Platforms, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 14811, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.); (S.A.); (Z.A.); (I.I.)
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