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Molino S, Lerma-Aguilera A, Piskorz MM, López Mingorance F, Montero JM, Uehara T, Hashimoto H, González Ballerga E, Olmos JA. Tannin-based supplementation influences gut microbiota composition and activity in IBS-D patients with a potential impact on symptoms: a pilot study. Food Funct 2024; 15:8893-8903. [PMID: 39129514 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02236j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
As the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the etiopathology of irritable bowel syndrome, subtype diarrhoea (IBS-D) is now increasingly recognised, a preliminary, quasi-experimental, before-after and prospective study was conducted on 28 patients to test the effect of a tannin-based supplement on the composition and activity of the microbiota, after 8 weeks of treatment. No statistically significant differences were found in α- or β-diversity. However, sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) and Boruta algorithm did reveal significant changes in the relative abundance of specific groups of bacteria, highlighting the involvement of recognized of IBS-D biomarkes, namely Blautia (adj p = 3.5 × 10-11), Eubacterium hallii group (adj p = 5.1 × 10-12) and Dorea (adj p = 1.8 × 10-18), which resulted significantly depleted by the treatment. The modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota had an impact also in the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which were modulated: acetate and butyrate (n.s. and p = 0.000143) increased while propionate and formate resulted to be significantly reduced (p = 0.00476 and p = 0.00011, respectively), following the supplementation. Finally, the sPLS analysis showed that the strongest association between faecal microbiome composition and clinical symptoms of IBS-D was given by Catenibacterium, which showed a positive correlation with evacuation-related symptoms. Such preliminary findings suggest that tannin supplementation could play an outstanding role in microbiota modulation in IBS-D patients, potentially improving their symptomatology, by selectively acting on the growth and the activity of specific groups of taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Molino
- Silvateam Spa, R&D Unit, San Michele Mondovì, Italy.
| | - Alberto Lerma-Aguilera
- Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitária i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain
| | - María Marta Piskorz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana López Mingorance
- Universidad de Buenos Aires/IBIMOL, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Programa de Estudios Pancreáticos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan M Montero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Uehara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Harumi Hashimoto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban González Ballerga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Olmos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhao X, Guo J, Wang Y, Yi X. High-tannin food enhances spatial memory and scatter-hoarding in rodents via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:140. [PMID: 39075602 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutually beneficial coevolutionary relationships between rodents and plant seeds have been a theme of research in plant-animal relationships. Seed tannins are important secondary metabolites of plants that regulate the food-hoarding behavior of rodents; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet clear. In this study, we investigated whether and how seed tannins improve spatial memory and regulate the hoarding behavior of Tamias sibiricus by altering their gut microbiota. RESULTS We showed that acorn tannins not only improved spatial memory but also enhanced scatter-hoarding in T. sibiricus. Changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota in response to tannins from acorns are closely related to these improvements. Metabonomic analyses revealed the role of gut isovaleric acid and isobutyric acid as well as serum L-tryptophan in mediating the spatial memory of T. sibiricus via the gut microbiota. The hippocampal proteome provides further evidence that the microbiota-gut-brain axis regulates spatial memory and scatter-hoarding in animals. Our study is likely the first to report that plant secondary metabolites improve hippocampal function and spatial memory and ultimately modulate food-hoarding behavior via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. CONCLUSION Our findings may have resolved the long-standing puzzle about the hidden role of plant secondary metabolites in manipulating food-hoarding behavior in rodents via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Our study is important for better understanding the mutualistic coevolution between plants and animals. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
- Present address: Huxi Middle School, Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
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Arsov A, Tsigoriyna L, Batovska D, Armenova N, Mu W, Zhang W, Petrov K, Petrova P. Bacterial Degradation of Antinutrients in Foods: The Genomic Insight. Foods 2024; 13:2408. [PMID: 39123599 PMCID: PMC11311503 DOI: 10.3390/foods13152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antinutrients, also known as anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), are compounds found in many plant-based foods that can limit the bioavailability of nutrients or can act as precursors to toxic substances. ANFs have controversial effects on human health, depending mainly on their concentration. While the positive effects of these compounds are well documented, the dangers they pose and the approaches to avoid them have not been discussed to the same extent. There is no dispute that many ANFs negatively alter the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and proteins in addition to inhibiting some enzyme activities, thus negatively affecting the bioavailability of nutrients in the human body. This review discusses the chemical properties, plant bioavailability, and deleterious effects of anti-minerals (phytates and oxalates), glycosides (cyanogenic glycosides and saponins), polyphenols (tannins), and proteinaceous ANFs (enzyme inhibitors and lectins). The focus of this study is on the possibility of controlling the amount of ANF in food through fermentation. An overview of the most common biochemical pathways for their microbial reduction is provided, showing the genetic basis of these phenomena, including the active enzymes, the optimal conditions of action, and some data on the regulation of their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Arsov
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lidia Tsigoriyna
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Daniela Batovska
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Nadya Armenova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.T.); (D.B.); (N.A.); (K.P.)
| | - Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Liu P, Luo Y, Zhang M. Intestinal microbiota and tuberculosis: Insights from Mendelian randomization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38762. [PMID: 38968531 PMCID: PMC11250452 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tuberculosis (RTB), a global health concern affecting millions of people, has been observationally linked to the gut microbiota, but the depth and nature of this association remain elusive. Despite these findings, the underlying causal relationship is still uncertain. Consequently, we used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to further investigate this potential causal connection. We sourced data on the gut microbiota from a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted by the MiBioGen Consortium (7686 cases, and 115,893 controls). For RTB, we procured 2 distinct datasets, labeled the Fingen R9 TBC RESP and Fingen R9 AB1 RESP, from the Finnish Genetic Consortium. To decipher the potential relationship between the gut microbiota and RTB, we employed MR on both datasets. Our primary mode of analysis was the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. To ensure robustness and mitigate potential confounders, we meticulously evaluated the heterogeneity and potential pleiotropy of the outcomes. In the TBC RESP (RTB1) dataset related to the gut microbiota, the IVW methodology revealed 7 microbial taxa that were significantly associated with RTB. In a parallel vein, the AB1 RESP (RTB2) dataset highlighted 4 microbial taxa with notable links. Notably, Lachnospiraceae UCG010 was consistently identified across both datasets. This correlation was especially evident in the data segments designated Fingen R9 TBC RESP (OR = 1.799, 95% CI = 1.243-2.604) and Finngen R9 AB1 RESP (OR = 2.131, 95% CI = 1.088-4.172). Our study identified a causal relationship between particular gut microbiota and RTB at the level of prediction based on genetics. This discovery sheds new light on the mechanisms of RTB development, which are mediated by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Yaomei Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
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Tilahun M, Ma L, Callaway TR, Xu J, Bu D. The effect of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) fruit supplementation on the rumen microbiota and its correlation with rumen fermentation in dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1365681. [PMID: 38803380 PMCID: PMC11128671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1365681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medicinal plants, rich in phytochemicals like phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, offer potential benefits in enhancing productivity, quality, and animal health. Amla fruit (Phyllanthus emblica) is one such plant with promising attributes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fresh Amla fruit (FAF) supplementation on ruminal microbial composition and its correlation with rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Methods The study employed a repeated crossover design involving eight ruminally cannulated mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Animals received varying levels of fresh Amla fruit supplementation (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/d). Results When 400 g/d of FAF was added to the diet, there was a significant increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.02). However, at 200 g/d, the relative abundance of ruminal Bacteroidota was higher than the 0 and 400 g/d FAF supplementation (p < 0.01). LEfSe analysis identified distinct taxa, such as Clostridia vadinBB60 in the 200 g/d group, Oscillospiraceae in the 400 g/d group, and Elusimicrobium in the 600 g/d group. Notably, the random forest species abundance statistics identified Oscillospiraceae V9D2013 as a biomarker related to milk yield. Oscillospiraceae, Bacilli RF39, norank_f Prevotellaceae, and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with ruminal total VFA and molar proportion of propionate, while Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Clostridia vadinBB60 were negatively correlated. Discussion FAF supplementation affects the abundance of beneficial microbes in a dose-dependent manner, which can improve milk yield, efficiency, rumen health, desirable fatty acids, and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Tilahun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jianchu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
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Chudan S, Kurakawa T, Nishikawa M, Nagai Y, Tabuchi Y, Ikushiro S, Furusawa Y. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Fiber in Young Barley Leaf on Gut Microbiota and Immunity in Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:1897. [PMID: 38675716 PMCID: PMC11054971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of young barley leaves, rich in dietary fiber, have been studied for several decades; however, their beneficial effects on the intestinal microenvironment remain to be elucidated. To investigate the effects of young barley leaf-derived dietary fiber (YB) on the gut microbiota and immunity, mice were fed an AIN-93G diet containing cellulose or YB and subjected to subsequent analysis. The population of MHC-II-positive conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and CD86 expression in the cDCs of Peyer's patches were elevated in the YB-fed mice. MHC-II and CD86 expression was also elevated in the bone marrow-derived DCs treated with YB. 16S-based metagenomic analysis revealed that the gut microbiota composition was markedly altered by YB feeding. Among the gut microbiota, Lachnospiraceae, mainly comprising butyrate-producing NK4A136 spp., were overrepresented in the YB-fed mice. In fact, fecal butyrate concentration was also augmented in the YB-fed mice, which coincided with increased retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH) activity in the CD103+ cDCs of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Consistent with elevated RALDH activity, the population of colonic IgA+ plasma cells was higher in the YB-fed mice than in the parental control mice. In conclusion, YB has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seita Chudan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Takuto Kurakawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Knight RO, Cedillo YE, Judd SE, Baker EH, Frugé AD, Moellering DR. A cross-sectional study observing the association of psychosocial stress and dietary intake with gut microbiota genera and alpha diversity among a young adult cohort of black and white women in Birmingham, Alabama. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:142. [PMID: 38402148 PMCID: PMC10894488 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between psychosocial stress and diet with gut microbiota composition and diversity deserve ongoing investigation. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of psychosocial stress measures and dietary variables with gut microbiota genera abundance and alpha diversity among young adult, black and white females. The secondary aim was to explore mediators of psychosocial stress and gut microbiota diversity and abundance. METHODS Data on 60 females who self-identified as African American (AA; n = 29) or European American (EA; n = 31) aged 21-45 years were included. Cortisol was measured in hair and saliva, and 16S analysis of stool samples were conducted. Discrimination experiences (recent and lifetime), perceived stress, and depression were evaluated based on validated instruments. Spearman correlations were performed to evaluate the influence of psychosocial stressors, cortisol measures, and dietary variables on gut microbiota genus abundance and alpha diversity measured by amplicon sequence variant (ASV) count. Mediation analyses assessed the role of select dietary variables and cortisol measures on the associations between psychosocial stress, Alistipes and Blautia abundance, and ASV count. RESULTS AA females were found to have significantly lower ASV count and Blautia abundance. Results for the spearman correlations assessing the influence of psychosocial stress and dietary variables on gut microbiota abundance and ASV count were varied. Finally, diet nor cortisol was found to partially or fully mediate the associations between subjective stress measures, ASV count, and Alistipes and Blautia abundance. CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, AA females had lower alpha diversity and Blautia abundance compared to EA females. Some psychosocial stressors and dietary variables were found to be correlated with ASV count and few gut microbiota genera. Larger scale studies are needed to explore the relationships among psychosocial stress, diet and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O Knight
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Yenni E Cedillo
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Xu P, Wang J, Chen P, Ding H, Wang X, Li S, Fan X, Zhou Z, Shi D, Li Z, Cao S, Xiao Y. Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103304. [PMID: 38096668 PMCID: PMC10757254 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of pomegranate peel on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and the cecal microbial community were investigated in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) O78. A total of 240 one-day-old chicks (120 males and 120 females) were randomly and evenly allotted into 4 treatment groups (each with 6 biological replicates each of 10 chicks), i.e., negative control (NC), positive control (PC), and 2 experimental groups treated with 0.2% fermented pomegranate peel (FP) and 0.2% unfermented pomegranate peel (UFP), respectively, with PC, FP, and UFP groups challenged with APEC O78 (5 × 108 CFU) on day 14. Results showed that the challenge of APEC O78 decreased the body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) of broilers from 1 to 28 d (P < 0.01). These broilers exhibited more pathological conditions in the heart and liver and higher mortality rates in 28 d compared to the NC group. Diet supplemented with pomegranate peel (either fermented or unfermented) significantly increased BW, ADG, and the villus height/crypt depth ratio (VCR) of small intestine in 28 d compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Results of the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiota showed that compared to the NC group, the APEC challenge significantly decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.01). Compared to the PC group, the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_torques_group in FP group was increased, while the relative abundance of Alistipes was decreased. In summary, our study showed that the dietary supplementation of pomegranate peel could maintain the intestinal microbiota at a state favorable to the host, effectively reduce the abnormal changes in the taxonomic structure of the intestinal microbiota, and improve the growth performance in broilers treated with APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pinpin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shijie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zutao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zili Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuncai Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Molino S, Pilar Francino M, Ángel Rufián Henares J. Why is it important to understand the nature and chemistry of tannins to exploit their potential as nutraceuticals? Food Res Int 2023; 173:113329. [PMID: 37803691 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Tannins comprise a large group of polyphenols that can differ widely in chemical composition and molecular weight. The use of tannins dates back to antiquity, but it is only in recent years that their potential use as nutraceuticals associated with the human diet is beginning to be exploited. Although the biological effects of these phytocomplexes have been studied for many years, there are still several open questions regarding their chemistry and biotransformation. The vastness of the molecules that make up the class of tannins has made their characterisation, as well as their nomenclature and classification, a daunting task. This review has been written with the aim of bringing order to the chemistry of tannins by including aspects that are sometimes still overlooked or should be updated with new research in order to understand the potential of these phytocomplexes as active ingredients or technological components for nutraceutical products. Future trends in tannin research should address many questions that are still open, such as determining the exact biosynthetic pathways of all classes of tannins, the actual biological effects determined by the interaction of tannins with other molecules, their metabolization, and the best extraction methods, but with a view to market requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Molino
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Silvateam Spa, R&D Unit, San Michele Mondovì, Italy
| | - M Pilar Francino
- Area de Genòmica i Salut, Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO-Salut Pública), València, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - José Ángel Rufián Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Knight R, Cedillo Y, Judd S, Baker E, Fruge A, Moellering D. A cross-sectional study observing the association of psychosocial stress and dietary intake with gut microbiota genera and alpha diversity among a young adult cohort of black and white women in Birmingham, Alabama. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3146763. [PMID: 37609244 PMCID: PMC10441481 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3146763/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationships between psychosocial stress and diet with gut microbiota composition and diversity deserve ongoing investigation. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of psychosocial stress measures and dietary variables with gut microbiota genera abundance and alpha diversity among young adult, black and white females. The secondary aim was to explore mediators of psychosocial stress and gut microbiota diversity and abundance. Methods Data on 60 females who self-identified as African American (AA; n = 29) or European American (EA; n = 31) aged 21-45 years were included. Cortisol was measured in hair and saliva, and 16S analysis of stool samples were conducted. Discrimination experiences (recent and lifetime), perceived stress, and depression were evaluated based on validated instruments. Spearman correlations were performed to evaluate the influence of psychosocial stressors, cortisol measures, and dietary variables on gut microbiota genus abundance and alpha diversity measured by amplicon sequence variant(ASV) count. Mediation analyses assessed the mediating role of select dietary variables and cortisol measures on the associations between psychosocial stress, Alistipes and Blautia abundance, and ASV count. Results AA females were found to have significantly lower ASV count and Blautia abundance. Results for the spearman correlations assessing the influence of psychosocial stress and dietary variables on gut microbiota abundance and ASV count were varied. Finally, diet nor cortisol was found to partially or fully mediate the associations between subjective stress measures, ASV count, and Alistipes and Blautia abundance. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, AA females had lower alpha diversity and Blautia abundance compared to EA females. Some psychosocial stressors and dietary variables were found to be correlated with ASV count and few gut microbiota genera. Larger scale studies are needed to explore the relationships among psychosocial stress, diet and the gut microbiome.
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Candeliere F, Musmeci E, Amaretti A, Sola L, Raimondi S, Rossi M. Profiling of the intestinal community of Clostridia: taxonomy and evolutionary analysis. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:13. [PMID: 38047279 PMCID: PMC10688793 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Clostridia are relevant commensals of the human gut due to their major presence and correlations to the host. In this study, we investigated intestinal Clostridia of 51 healthy subjects and reconstructed their taxonomy and phylogeny. The relatively small number of intestinal Clostridia allowed a systematic whole genome approach based on average amino acid identity (AAI) and core genome with the aim of revising the current classification into genera and determining evolutionary relationships. Methods: 51 healthy subjects' metagenomes were retrieved from public databases. After the dataset's validation through comparison with Human Microbiome Project (HMP) samples, the metagenomes were profiled using MetaPhlAn3 to identify the population ascribed to the class Clostridia. Intestinal Clostridia genomes were retrieved and subjected to AAI analysis and core genome identification. Phylogeny investigation was conducted with RAxML and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) algorithms, and SplitsTree for split decomposition. Results: 225 out of 406 bacterial taxonomic units were ascribed to Bacillota [Firmicutes], among which 124 were assigned to the class Clostridia. 77 out of the 124 taxonomic units were referred to a species, altogether covering 87.7% of Clostridia abundance. According to the lowest AAI genus boundary set at 55%, 15 putative genera encompassing more than one species (G1 to G15) were identified, while 19 species did not cluster with any other one and each appeared to belong to a diverse genus. Phylogenetic investigations highlighted that most of the species clustered into three main evolutive clades. Conclusion: This study shed light on the species of Clostridia colonizing the gut of healthy adults and pinpointed several gaps in knowledge regarding the taxonomy and the phylogeny of Clostridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Candeliere
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Eliana Musmeci
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICAM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
- Biogest Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42124, Italy
| | - Laura Sola
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
- Biogest Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42124, Italy
| | - Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
- Biogest Siteia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia 42124, Italy
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Gentile MT, Camerino I, Ciarmiello L, Woodrow P, Muscariello L, De Chiara I, Pacifico S. Neuro-Nutraceutical Polyphenols: How Far Are We? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030539. [PMID: 36978787 PMCID: PMC10044769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain, composed of billions of neurons, is a complex network of interacting dynamical systems controlling all body functions. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and their impairment of their functions could result in neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence shows an increase of brain-affecting disorders, still today characterized by poor therapeutic options. There is a strong urgency to find new alternative strategies to prevent progressive neuronal loss. Polyphenols, a wide family of plant compounds with an equally wide range of biological activities, are suitable candidates to counteract chronic degenerative disease in the central nervous system. Herein, we will review their role in human healthcare and highlight their: antioxidant activities in reactive oxygen species-producing neurodegenerative pathologies; putative role as anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; and protective activity in Alzheimer’s disease by preventing Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Moreover, the pathology of these multifactorial diseases is also characterized by metal dyshomeostasis, specifically copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe), most important for cellular function. In this scenario, polyphenols’ action as natural chelators is also discussed. Furthermore, the critical importance of the role exerted by polyphenols on microbiota is assumed, since there is a growing body of evidence for the role of the intestinal microbiota in the gut–brain axis, giving new opportunities to study molecular mechanisms and to find novel strategies in neurological diseases.
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Comparison of the Effects between Tannins Extracted from Different Natural Plants on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Flora of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020441. [PMID: 36829999 PMCID: PMC9952188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four plant tannins, including AT (Acacia mearnsii tannin, 68%), CT (Castanea sativa tannin, 60%), QT (Schinopsis lorenzii tannin, 73%) and TT (Caesalpinia spinosa tannin, 50%) were added to broiler diets for 42 days to evaluate and compare their effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance and gut microbiota in broilers. The results showed that the supplementation of five tannins could increase the production of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT and reduce the production of MDA in the serum of broilers (p < 0.01), but the antioxidant effect of the AT group was lower than that of the other three groups (p < 0.01). All four tannins decreased the level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01). CT, QT and TT decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01), while AT and CT increased the level of IL-2 in serum (p < 0.01). Supplementation with four tannins also increased the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and sIgA in serum (p < 0.01) and the levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin in the jejunum (p < 0.01). The detection results of ALT and AST showed that CT, QT and TT decreased the concentrations of ALT and AST in serum (p < 0.01). The results of the gut microbiota showed that the abundance of Clostridia and Subdoligranulum increased, and the abundance of Oscillospiraceae decreased, compared to the control group after adding the four tannins to the diets (p > 0.05). In addition, CT, QT and TT decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the abundance of Bacteroides compared to the control group, while AT showed the opposite result (p > 0.05). Overall, our study shows that tannins derived from different plants have their own unique effects on broilers. AT and CT can promote broilers' growth better than other tannins, CT has the best ability to improve immune and antioxidant properties, and QT and TT have the best effect on broilers' liver protection.
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Sornchuer P, Thongsepee N, Wongsaroj L, Saninjuk K, Wattanaphansak S, Pongpamorn P, Paemanee A, Martviset P, Chantree P, Sangpairoj K. Garcinia dulcis Flower Extract Alters Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolomic Profiles of 2K1C Hypertensive Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020268. [PMID: 36678139 PMCID: PMC9862316 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia dulcis (GD) extract has been found to have anti-hypertensive properties in animal studies. GD can also alter the colonic microbiota of rats. However, the effects of GD on changes in the gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles of normotensive and hypertensive rats are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles of 2-kidneys-1 clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats after feeding with GD flower extract. Rats were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: sham operation (SO) receiving corn oil (CO) (SO + CO), SO receiving GD (SO + GD), 2K1C receiving corn oil (2K1C + CO) and 2K1C receiving GD (2K1C + GD). Body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured weekly throughout the study. Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were measured from fresh fecal contents. Alpha diversity results demonstrated a similar microbial richness and diversity between groups. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) suggested that GD treatment affected gut microbial community structure in both hypertensive and normotensive rats. Feeding rats with GD caused metabolic alterations that rendered 2K1C + GD rats similar to SO + CO and SO + GD rats. Findings suggest that the impact of GD on gut microbiota and metabolite profiles may be related to its anti-hypertensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phornphan Sornchuer
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Nattaya Thongsepee
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | | | | | - Suphot Wattanaphansak
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Atchara Paemanee
- National Omics Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
| | - Kant Sangpairoj
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Nutraceuticals and Food Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand
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Pan L, Feng S, Li W, Zhu W. Sorghum tannin extract impedes in vitro digestibility and fermentability of nutrients in the simulated porcine gastrointestinal tract. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad126. [PMID: 37100756 PMCID: PMC10195193 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The site and extent of digestion of sorghum nutrients affected by tannins in the intestine are not clarified. Porcine small intestine digestion and large intestine fermentation were simulated in vitro to determine the effects of sorghum tannin extract on the digestion and fermentation characteristics of nutrients in the mimicked porcine gastrointestinal tract. In experiment 1, low-tannin sorghum grain without or with 30 mg/g sorghum tannin extract were digested by porcine pepsin and pancreatin to measure in vitro digestibility of nutrients. In experiment 2, the lyophilized porcine ileal digesta from 3 barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 27.75 ± 1.46 kg) fed the low-tannin sorghum grain without or with 30 mg/g sorghum tannin extract and the undigested residues from experiment 1 were, individually, incubated with fresh pig cecal digesta as inoculums for 48 h to simulate the porcine hindgut fermentation. The results revealed that sorghum tannin extract decreased in vitro digestibility of nutrients both by pepsin hydrolysis or pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (P < 0.05). Although enzymatically unhydrolyzed residues provided more energy (P = 0.09) and nitrogen (P < 0.05) as fermentation substrates, the microbial degradation of nutrients from unhydrolyzed residues and porcine ileal digesta were both decreased by sorghum tannin extract (P < 0.05). Regardless of unhydrolyzed residues or ileal digesta as fermentation substrates, microbial metabolites including the accumulative gas production excluding the first 6 h, total short-chain fatty acid and microbial protein content in the fermented solutions were decreased (P < 0.05). The relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae AC2044 and NK4A136 and Ruminococcus_1 was decreased by sorghum tannin extract (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sorghum tannin extract not only directly decreased the chemical enzymatic digestion of nutrients in the simulated anterior intestine, but also directly inhibited the microbial fermentation including microbial diversities and metabolites in the simulated posterior intestine of pigs. The experiment implies that the decreased abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae by tannins in the hindgut may weaken the fermentation capacity of microflora and thus impair the nutrient digestion in the hindgut, and ultimately reduce the total tract digestibility of nutrients in pigs fed high tannin sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Shaoxuan Feng
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Wang Li
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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16
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Molino S, Pisarevsky A, Badu S, Wu Q, Mingorance FL, Vega P, Stefanolo JP, Repetti J, Ludueña G, Pepa P, Olmos JI, Fermepin MR, Uehara T, Viciani E, Castagnetti A, Savidge T, Piskorz MM. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral tannin supplementation on COVID-19 symptoms, gut dysbiosis and cytokine response. J Funct Foods 2022; 99:105356. [PMID: 36467850 PMCID: PMC9708634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical study aim was to investigate whether a tannin-based dietary supplementation could improve the efficacy of standard-of-care treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by restoring gut microbiota function. Adverse events and immunomodulation post-tannin supplementation were also investigated. A total of 124 patients receiving standard-of-care treatment were randomized to oral tannin-based supplement or placebo for a total of 14 days. Longitudinal blood and stool samples were collected for cytokine and 16S rDNA microbiome profiling, and results were compared with 53 healthy controls. Although oral tannin supplementation did not result in clinical improvement or significant gut microbiome shifts after 14-days, a reduction in the inflammatory state was evident and significantly correlated with microbiota modulation. Among cytokines measured, MIP-1α was significantly decreased with tannin treatment (p = 0.03) where it correlated positively with IL-1β and TNF- α, and negatively with stool Bifidobacterium abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Molino
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Pisarevsky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shyam Badu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qinglong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabiana López Mingorance
- Universidad de Buenos Aires/ IBIMOL, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Programa de Estudios Pancreáticos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Vega
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Stefanolo
- Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Repetti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires/ IBIMOL, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Programa de Estudios Pancreáticos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Ludueña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Pepa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ignacio Olmos
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez Fermepin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Uehara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - María Marta Piskorz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martin, Sector Neurogastroenterología del Servicio de Gastroenterología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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