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Lu Q, Ren N, Chen H, Zhang S, Yan R, Li M, Zheng L, Tan W, Lin D. Polymorphism in the Hsa-miR-4274 seed region influences the expression of PEX5 and enhances radiotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-024-1082-6. [PMID: 39190270 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-024-1082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers for predicting radiotherapy efficacy is crucial for optimizing personalized treatments. We previously reported that rs1553867776 in the miR-4274 seed region can predict survival in patients with rectal cancer receiving postoperative chemoradiation therapy. Hence, to investigate the molecular mechanism of the genetic variation and its impact on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC), in this study, bioinformatics analysis is combined with functional experiments to confirm peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) as a direct target of miR-4274. The miR-4274 rs1553867776 variant influences the binding of miR-4274 and PEX5 mRNA, which subsequently regulates PEX5 protein expression. The interaction between PEX5 and Ku70 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. A xenograft tumor model was established to validate the effects of miR-4274 and PEX5 on CRC progression and radiosensitivity in vivo. The overexpression of PEX5 enhances radiosensitivity by preventing Ku70 from entering the nucleus and reducing the repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage by the Ku70/Ku80 complex in the nucleus. In addition, the enhanced expression of PEX5 is associated with increased IR-induced ferroptosis. Thus, targeting this mechanism might effectively increase the radiosensitivity of CRC. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanism of cancer radioresistance and have important implications for clinical radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ningxin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shaosen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruoqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Dongxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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2
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Chen X, Ren C, Zhou Z, Chen J, Fan X, Li X, Chen J, Zhu J. Development of an ubiquitin-proteasome system signature for predicting prognosis and providing therapeutic guidance for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3584. [PMID: 37605934 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a pathological subtype with a high mortality, and the development of inhibitors in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) component could be a novel therapeutic tool. METHODS Triple-negative breast cancer data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and subtype analysis was performed by consistent clustering analysis to identify molecular subtypes of TNBC according to UPS characteristics. Differential analysis, COX and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) COX regression analyses were performed to select genes associated with overall survival in TNBC. The final prognostic model (UPS score) was determined using the LASSO COX model. The model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and survival curves. In addition, the results of the UPS score on analyzing the abundance of immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy were explored. Finally, we developed a nomogram for TNBC survival prediction. RESULTS Two UPS subtypes (UPSMS1 and UPSMS2) showing significant survival differences were classified. COX regression analysis on differentially expressed genes in UPSMS1 and UPSMS2 filtered five genes that affected overall survival. Based on the regression coefficients and expression data of the five genes, we built a prognostic assessment system (UPS score). The UPS score showed consistent prognostic and therapeutic guidance values. Finally, the ROC curve of the nomogram and UPS score showed the highest predictive efficacy compared with traditional clinical prognostic indicators. CONCLUSION The UPS score represented a promising prognostic tool to predict overall survival and immune status and guide personalized treatment selection in TNBC patients, and this study may provide a more practical alternative for clinical monitoring and management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Chongyang Ren
- Department of Breast Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhou
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiewen Chen
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xulong Fan
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Breast Medicine, Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
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3
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Li K, Lin Y, Zhou Y, Xiong X, Wang L, Li J, Zhou F, Guo Y, Chen S, Chen Y, Tang H, Qiu X, Cai S, Zhang D, Bremer E, Jim Yeung SC, Zhang H. Salivary Extracellular MicroRNAs for Early Detection and Prognostication of Esophageal Cancer: A Clinical Study. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:932-945.e9. [PMID: 37399999 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) will facilitate curative treatment. We aimed to establish a microRNA (miRNA) signature derived from salivary extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) for early ESCC detection and prognostication. METHODS Salivary EVP miRNA expression was profiled in a pilot cohort (n = 54) using microarray. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) and least absolute shrinkage and selector operation regression analyses were used to prioritize miRNAs that discriminated patients with ESCC from controls. Using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, the candidates were measured in a discovery cohort (n = 72) and cell lines. The prediction models for the biomarkers were derived from a training cohort (n = 342) and validated in an internal cohort (n = 207) and an external cohort (n = 226). RESULTS The microarray analysis identified 7 miRNAs for distinguishing patients with ESCC from control subjects. Because 1 was not always detectable in the discovery cohort and cell lines, the other 6 miRNAs formed a panel. A signature of this panel accurately identified patients with all-stage ESCC in the training cohort (AUROC = 0.968) and was successfully validated in 2 independent cohorts. Importantly, this signature could distinguish patients with early-stage (stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ) ESCC from control subjects in the training cohort (AUROC = 0.969, sensitivity = 92.00%, specificity = 89.17%) and internal (sensitivity = 90.32%, specificity = 91.04%) and external (sensitivity = 91.07%, specificity = 88.06%) validation cohorts. Moreover, a prognostic signature based on the panel was established and efficiently predicted the high-risk cases with poor progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The salivary EVP-based 6-miRNA signature can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection and risk stratification of ESCC. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031507.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Faculty of Medical Science and Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junkuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Heyuan Shenhe People's Hospital), Heyuan, China
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songwang Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sai-Ching Jim Yeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Tang Z, Liu L, Borlak J. Combined inhibition of histone deacetylase and cytidine deaminase improves epigenetic potency of decitabine in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:89. [PMID: 37208732 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the epigenome of cancerous diseases represents an innovative approach, and the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine is recommended for the treatment of hematological malignancies. Although epigenetic alterations are also common to solid tumors, the therapeutic efficacy of decitabine in colorectal adenocarcinomas (COAD) is unfavorable. Current research focuses on an identification of combination therapies either with chemotherapeutics or checkpoint inhibitors in modulating the tumor microenvironment. Here we report a series of molecular investigations to evaluate potency of decitabine, the histone deacetylase inhibitor PBA and the cytidine deaminase (CDA) inhibitor tetrahydrouridine (THU) in patient derived functional and p53 null colon cancer cell lines (CCCL). We focused on the inhibition of cell proliferation, the recovery of tumor suppressors and programmed cell death, and established clinical relevance by evaluating drug responsive genes among 270 COAD patients. Furthermore, we evaluated treatment responses based on CpG island density. RESULTS Decitabine caused marked repression of the DNMT1 protein. Conversely, PBA treatment of CCCL recovered acetylation of histone 3 lysine residues, and this enabled an open chromatin state. Unlike single decitabine treatment, the combined decitabine/PBA treatment caused > 95% inhibition of cell proliferation, prevented cell cycle progression especially in the S and G2-phase and induced programmed cell death. Decitabine and PBA differed in their ability to facilitate re-expression of genes localized on different chromosomes, and the combined decitabine/PBA treatment was most effective in the re-expression of 40 tumor suppressors and 13 genes typically silenced in cancer-associated genomic regions of COAD patients. Furthermore, this treatment repressed expression of 11 survival (anti-apoptotic) genes and augmented expression of X-chromosome inactivated genes, especially the lncRNA Xist to facilitate p53-mediated apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of CDA by THU or its gene knockdown prevented decitabine inactivation. Strikingly, PBA treatment recovered the expression of the decitabine drug-uptake transporter SLC15A1, thus enabling high tumor drug-loads. Finally, for 26 drug responsive genes we demonstrated improved survival in COAD patients. CONCLUSION The combined decitabine/PBA/THU drug treatment improved drug potency considerably, and given their existing regulatory approval, our findings merit prospective clinical trials for the triple combination in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Tang
- Hannover Medical School, Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lu Liu
- Hannover Medical School, Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Hannover Medical School, Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Anashkina AA, Orlova NG, Ignatov AN, Chen M, Orlov YL. Editorial: Bioinformatics of genome regulation and systems biology, Volume III. Front Genet 2023; 14:1215987. [PMID: 37274783 PMCID: PMC10233740 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1215987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A. Anashkina
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina G. Orlova
- Department of Mathematics, Financial University Under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Ignatov
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuriy L. Orlov
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Russian Ministry of Health (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far East Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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6
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Nersisyan S, Zhiyanov A, Engibaryan N, Maltseva D, Tonevitsky A. A novel approach for a joint analysis of isomiR and mRNA expression data reveals features of isomiR targeting in breast cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1070528. [PMID: 36531236 PMCID: PMC9751988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1070528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A widely used procedure for selecting significant miRNA-mRNA or isomiR-mRNA pairs out of predicted interactions involves calculating the correlation between expression levels of miRNAs/isomiRs and mRNAs in a series of samples. In this manuscript, we aimed to assess the validity of this procedure by comparing isomiR-mRNA correlation profiles in sets of sequence-based predicted target mRNAs and non-target mRNAs (negative controls). Target prediction was carried out using RNA22 and TargetScan algorithms. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted using miRNA and mRNA sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) project. Luminal A, luminal B, basal-like breast cancer subtypes, and adjacent normal tissue samples were analyzed separately. Using the sets of putative targets and non-targets, we introduced adjusted isomiR targeting activity (ITA)-the number of negatively correlated potential isomiR targets adjusted by the background (estimated using non-target mRNAs). We found that for most isomiRs a significant negative correlation between isomiR-mRNA expression levels appeared more often in a set of predicted targets compared to the non-targets. This trend was detected for both classical seed region binding types (8mer, 7mer-m8, 7mer-A1, 6mer) predicted by TargetScan and the non-classical ones (G:U wobbles and up to one mismatch or unpaired nucleotide within seed sequence) predicted by RNA22. Adjusted ITA distributions were similar for target sites located in 3'-UTRs and coding mRNA sequences, while 5'-UTRs had much lower scores. Finally, we observed strong cancer subtype-specific patterns of isomiR activity, highlighting the differences between breast cancer molecular subtypes and normal tissues. Surprisingly, our target prediction- and correlation-based estimates of isomiR activities were practically non-correlated with the average isomiR expression levels neither in cancerous nor in normal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Zhiyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Narek Engibaryan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Maltseva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Art Photonics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Jiang XC, Tu FH, Wei LY, Wang BZ, Yuan H, Yuan JM, Rao Y, Huang SL, Li QJ, Ou TM, Wang HG, Tan JH, Chen SB, Huang ZS. Discovery of a Novel G-Quadruplex and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Dual-Targeting Agent for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12346-12366. [PMID: 36053318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly associated with G-quadruplex (G4); thus, targeting G4 is a potential strategy for TNBC therapy. Because concomitant histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibition could amplify the impact of G4-targeting compounds, we designed and synthesized two novel series of G4/HDAC dual-targeting compounds by connecting the zinc-binding pharmacophore of HDAC inhibitors to the G4-targeting isaindigotone scaffold (1). Among the new compounds, a6 with the potent HDAC inhibitory and G4 stabilizing activity could induce more DNA G4 formation than SAHA and 1 in TNBC cells. Remarkably, a6 caused more G4-related DNA damage and G4-related differentially expressed genes, consistent with its effect on disrupting the cell cycle, invasion, and glycolysis. Furthermore, a6 significantly suppresses the proliferation of various TNBC cells and the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model without evident toxicity. Our study suggests a novel strategy for TNBC therapeutics through dual-targeting HDAC and G4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang-Hai Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li-Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo-Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Mei Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shi-Liang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tian-Miao Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Gen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuo-Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Xu W, Liu W, Anwaier A, Tian X, Su J, Shi G, Wei S, Qu Y, Zhang H, Ye D. Deciphering the role of miR-187-3p/LRFN1 axis in modulating progression, aerobic glycolysis and immune microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:59. [PMID: 35799072 PMCID: PMC9263027 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant genitourinary cancers with high recurrence risk worldwide. Recently, multi-omics data facilitate obtaining a molecular landscape of tumor development, and were implemented to affect pathogenesis, phenotype, and prognosis of ccRCC. In this study, after screening for differential expressed microRNAs based on multiply datasets, we tested expression levels and prognostic value of miR-187-3p in ccRCC samples, and transfected miR-187-3p mimics or negative controls into ccRCC cells. Up-regulation of miR-187-3p restrains proliferation, migration and promotes apoptosis ability in human ccRCC A498 and 786O cells. In addition, Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-187-3p directly targets LRFN1-3'-UTR and negatively modulates LRFN1 expression. LRFN1 rescues proliferation and invasion capacities after miR-187-3p mimic transfection in vitro and in subcutaneous xenograft models. We further performed deep-sequencing technology and bioinformatics analyses to evaluate the biological functions and potential clinical implications of LRFN1 expression in ccRCC. Interestingly, LRFN1 could serve as an independent and potential biomarker for prognosis in over 1000 patients with ccRCC from multiply independent cohorts. Besides, the up-regulated LRFN1 expression prominently promoted intra-tumoral heterogeneity and immune-infiltrating microenvironment, represented by elevated M2 macrophage infiltration, CD8+ T cells activity and PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, this study revealed the tumor-specific and immunological role of miR-187-3p/LRFN1 axis in the progression and reshaping of tumor immune microenvironment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wangrui Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihetaimujiang Anwaier
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyin Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Dong’an Road 270, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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9
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Orlov YL, Anashkina AA, Tatarinova TV, Baranova AV. Editorial: Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation, Volume II. Front Genet 2021; 12:795257. [PMID: 34819949 PMCID: PMC8606529 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.795257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy L Orlov
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Agrobiotechnology Department, Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Anashkina
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ancha V Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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10
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Liu B, Shyr Y, Liu Q. Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals Common and Specific Relationships between Intragenic miRNAs and Their Host Genes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1263. [PMID: 34572448 PMCID: PMC8471046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expression. Most miRNAs are located within or close to genes (host). miRNAs and their host genes have either coordinated or independent transcription. We performed a comprehensive investigation on co-transcriptional patterns of miRNAs and host genes based on 4707 patients across 21 cancer types. We found that only 11.6% of miRNA-host pairs were co-transcribed consistently and strongly across cancer types. Most miRNA-host pairs showed a strong coexpression only in some specific cancer types, demonstrating a high heterogenous pattern. For two particular types of intergenic miRNAs, readthrough and divergent miRNAs, readthrough miRNAs showed higher coexpression with their host genes than divergent ones. miRNAs located within non-coding genes had tighter co-transcription with their hosts than those located within protein-coding genes, especially exonic and junction miRNAs. A few precursor miRNAs changed their dominate form between 5' and 3' strands in different cancer types, including miR-486, miR-99b, let-7e, miR-125a, let-7g, miR-339, miR-26a, miR-16, and miR-218, whereas only two miRNAs with multiple host genes switched their co-transcriptional partner in different cancer types (miR-219a-1 with SLC39A7/HSD17B8 and miR-3615 with RAB37/SLC9A3R1). miRNAs generated from distinct precursors (such as miR-125b from miR-125b-1 or miR-125b-2) were more likely to have cancer-dependent main contributors. miRNAs and hosts were less co-expressed in KIRC than other cancer types, possibly due to its frequent VHL mutations. Our findings shed new light on miRNA biogenesis and cancer diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yu Shyr
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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11
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Diao B, Yang P. Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for Laminin Genes in Ovarian Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609855. [PMID: 34512203 PMCID: PMC8423899 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Survival is low in ovarian cancer (OC). Most OC patients demonstrate advanced metastases, and recurrence is common. Dysregulation of laminin interactions is associated with cancer development. However, it is unknown whether laminin subunits can be considered as biomarkers for OC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. We used cBioPortal, GEO, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, TIMER, and Metascape to determine the associations among laminin expression, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in OC. LAMA5, LAMB3, and LAMC2 mRNAs and LAMA3, LAMB1/B2/B3, and LAMC1/C2 proteins were overexpressed in OC tissues compared with normal ovaries. LAMA4, LAMB1, and LAMC1 mRNA upregulation was positively correlated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in OC. Elevated LAMA2 and LAMC2 mRNA expression levels were related to better PFS or OS, respectively. The results speculated that LAMA5 could potentially be a good prognostic factor in OC. Its expression proves valuable for predicting OS in patients diagnosed with stage Ⅳ and grade 3 OC and PFS in patients diagnosed with all OC stages or grades. LAMB3 and LAMC2 expression was correlated with platinum resistance development. ROC analysis of laminins in OC sets revealed that LAMA2/A4/A5, LAMB1/B2/B3, and LAMC2 could be used to differentiate between malignant tumors and non-neoplastic tissues. LAMA1/A5 and LAMC1 were significantly and negatively correlated with various tumor immune infiltrates (TILs), especially with dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells or neutrophil. LAMA4 and LAMB1 might be associated with tumor purity in OC. Overall, LAMA5 and LAMC1 could help predict OC survival and diagnosis and might be deemed important OC oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Diao
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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12
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Nersisyan S, Galatenko A, Chekova M, Tonevitsky A. Hypoxia-Induced miR-148a Downregulation Contributes to Poor Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:662468. [PMID: 34135940 PMCID: PMC8202010 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.662468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an extensively investigated condition due to its contribution to various pathophysiological processes including cancer progression and metastasis formation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known post-transcriptional gene expression regulators. However, their contribution to molecular response to hypoxia is highly dependent on cell/tissue types and causes of hypoxia. One of the most important examples is colorectal cancer, where no consensus on hypoxia-regulated miRNAs has been reached so far. In this work, we applied integrated mRNA and small RNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis, to study the landscape of hypoxia-induced miRNA and mRNA expression alterations in human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2). A hypoxic microenvironment was chemically modeled using two different treatments: cobalt(II) chloride and oxyquinoline. Only one miRNA, hsa-miR-210-3p, was upregulated in all experimental conditions, while there were nine differentially expressed miRNAs under both treatments within the same cell line. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed a complex hypoxia-induced regulatory network: hypoxic downregulation of hsa-miR-148a-3p led to the upregulation of its two target genes, ITGA5 and PRNP, which was shown to be a factor contributing to tumor progression and poor survival in colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Galatenko
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milena Chekova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Nersisyan S, Galatenko A, Galatenko V, Shkurnikov M, Tonevitsky A. miRGTF-net: Integrative miRNA-gene-TF network analysis reveals key drivers of breast cancer recurrence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249424. [PMID: 33852600 PMCID: PMC8046230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of regulatory networks is a powerful framework for identification and quantification of intracellular interactions. We introduce miRGTF-net, a novel tool for construction of miRNA-gene-TF networks. We consider multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional interaction types, including regulation of gene and miRNA expression by transcription factors, gene silencing by miRNAs, and co-expression of host genes with their intronic miRNAs. The underlying algorithm uses information on experimentally validated interactions as well as integrative miRNA/mRNA expression profiles in a given set of samples. The latter ensures simultaneous tissue-specificity and biological validity of interactions. We applied miRGTF-net to paired miRNA/mRNA-sequencing data of breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Together with topological analysis of the constructed network we showed that considered players can form reliable prognostic gene signatures for ER-positive breast cancer. A number of signatures demonstrated remarkably high accuracy on transcriptomic data obtained by both microarrays and RNA sequencing from several independent patient cohorts. Furthermore, an essential part of prognostic genes were identified as direct targets of transcription factor E2F1. The putative interplay between estrogen receptor alpha and E2F1 was suggested as a potential recurrence factor in patients treated with tamoxifen. Source codes of miRGTF-net are available at GitHub (https://github.com/s-a-nersisyan/miRGTF-net).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexei Galatenko
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Galatenko
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Shkurnikov
- P.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Nersisyan SA, Galatenko AV, Maltseva DV, Ushkaryov Y, Tonevitsky AG. Interrelation between miRNA and mRNA expression in HT-29 line cells under hypoxia. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia accompanies various pathophysiological processes, including progression of tumors and metastasis. One of the mechanisms of molecular response of cells to hypoxia implies recruitment of specific miRNAs that regulate the expression of their target genes. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoxia-induced change in expression of miRNAs and their target genes in the HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line with the help of integrated miRNA and mRNA sequencing. To simulate hypoxia, the cells were treated with cobalt (II) chloride. We registered a significant change in expression of sixteen human miRNAs. Six of them (hsa-miR-18a-5p, hsa-miR-22-3p, hsa-miR-27a-5p, hsa-miR-182-5p, hsa-miR-215 -5p, hsa-miR-425-5p) had a significant proportion of target genes that had the expression changing in the opposite direction. Based on the bioinformatic analysis of interactions between differentially expressed transcription factors and miRNAs, we built a possible regulatory network with its main hubs being HIF-1α, p65, с-Myc, and Egr1 (encoded by the HIF1A, RELA, MYC and EGR1 genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- SA Nersisyan
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - AV Galatenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia
| | - DV Maltseva
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - YuA Ushkaryov
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - AG Tonevitsky
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Gao G, Shi X, Yao Z, Shen J, Shen L. Identification of lymph node metastasis-related microRNAs in breast cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22105. [PMID: 32991406 PMCID: PMC7523764 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis is a significant problem in breast cancer, and its underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to research the molecular mechanism and to explore the key RNAs and pathways that mediate lymph node metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS GSE100453 and GSE38167 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and 569 breast cancer statistics were also downloaded from the TCGA database. Differentially expressed miRNAs were calculated by using R software and GEO2R. Gene ontology and Enriched pathway analysis of target mRNAs were analyzed by using the Database for Database of Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and R software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was performed according to Metascape, String, and Cytoscape software. RESULTS In total, 6 differentially expressed miRNAs were selected, and 499 mRNAs were identified after filtering. The research of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) demonstrated that mRNAs enriched in certain tumor pathways. Also, certain hub mRNAs were highlighted after constructed and analyzed the PPI network. A total of 3 out of 6 miRNAs had a significant relationship with the overall survival (P < .05) and showed a good ability of risk prediction model of over survival. CONCLUSIONS By utilizing bioinformatics analyses, differently expressed miRNAs were identified and constructed a complete gene network. Several potential mechanisms and therapeutic and prognostic targets of lymph node metastasis were also demonstrated in breast cancer.
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16
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Nersisyan S, Engibaryan N, Gorbonos A, Kirdey K, Makhonin A, Tonevitsky A. Potential role of cellular miRNAs in coronavirus-host interplay. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9994. [PMID: 32983652 PMCID: PMC7497610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Host miRNAs are known as important regulators of virus replication and pathogenesis. They can interact with various viruses through several possible mechanisms including direct binding of viral RNA. Identification of human miRNAs involved in coronavirus-host interplay becomes important due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this article we performed computational prediction of high-confidence direct interactions between miRNAs and seven human coronavirus RNAs. As a result, we identified six miRNAs (miR-21-3p, miR-195-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-3065-5p, miR-424-5p and miR-421) with high binding probability across all analyzed viruses. Further bioinformatic analysis of binding sites revealed high conservativity of miRNA binding regions within RNAs of human coronaviruses and their strains. In order to discover the entire miRNA-virus interplay we further analyzed lungs miRNome of SARS-CoV infected mice using publicly available miRNA sequencing data. We found that miRNA miR-21-3p has the largest probability of binding the human coronavirus RNAs and being dramatically up-regulated in mouse lungs during infection induced by SARS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Narek Engibaryan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ksenia Kirdey
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Makhonin
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
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