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Imenez Silva PH, Pepin M, Figurek A, Gutiérrez-Jiménez E, Bobot M, Iervolino A, Mattace-Raso F, Hoorn EJ, Bailey MA, Hénaut L, Nielsen R, Frische S, Trepiccione F, Hafez G, Altunkaynak HO, Endlich N, Unwin R, Capasso G, Pesic V, Massy Z, Wagner CA. Animal models to study cognitive impairment of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F894-F916. [PMID: 38634137 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00338.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its prevalence increases with progressive loss of kidney function. MCI is characterized by a decline in cognitive performance greater than expected for an individual age and education level but with minimal impairment of instrumental activities of daily living. Deterioration can affect one or several cognitive domains (attention, memory, executive functions, language, and perceptual motor or social cognition). Given the increasing prevalence of kidney disease, more and more people with CKD will also develop MCI causing an enormous disease burden for these individuals, their relatives, and society. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are poorly understood, and current therapies mostly aim at supporting patients in their daily lives. This illustrates the urgent need to elucidate the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets and test novel therapies in appropriate preclinical models. Here, we will outline the necessary criteria for experimental modeling of cognitive disorders in CKD. We discuss the use of mice, rats, and zebrafish as model systems and present valuable techniques through which kidney function and cognitive impairment can be assessed in this setting. Our objective is to enable researchers to overcome hurdles and accelerate preclinical research aimed at improving the therapy of people with CKD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Pepin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U-1018 Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Population, Équipe 5, Paris-Saclay University, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Villejuif, France
- Department of Geriatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Andreja Figurek
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mickaël Bobot
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, and INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1260, C2VN, Aix-Marseille Universitaire, Marseille, France
| | - Anna Iervolino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Mattace-Raso
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Bailey
- Edinburgh Kidney, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Hénaut
- UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Francesco Trepiccione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
| | - Gaye Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande O Altunkaynak
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Unwin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli,' Naples, Italy
- Biogem Research Institute, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Vesna Pesic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ziad Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM UMRS 1018, Clinical Epidemiology Team, University Paris-Saclay, University Versailles-Saint Quentin, Villejuif, France
- Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ambroise Paré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Cheriki M, Habibian M, Moosavi SJ. Curcumin attenuates brain aging by reducing apoptosis and oxidative stress. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:833-840. [PMID: 38687459 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Brain aging is a physiological event, and oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the natural aging process of the brain. Curcumin is a natural antioxidant with potent anti-aging and neuroprotective properties. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of curcumin on brain apoptosis and oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in aged rats. Old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7); as follows: (1) control; (2); saline and (3) curcumin (received 30 mg/kg of curcumin, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, intraperitoneally). Our results indicated that treatment with curcumin in aged rats attenuates brain lipid peroxidation, which was accompanied by a significant increase in the BDNF, VEGF, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and anti-apoptotic protein BCl-2. No significant change in brain anti-apoptotic Bax protein levels was observed after curcumin treatment. The study indicates that curcumin could alleviate brain aging which may be due to attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and up-regulating SOD activity, which in turn enhances VEGF and BDNF. Therefore, curcumin has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of neurological apoptosis, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis changes caused by brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Cheriki
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Qaemshahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahar, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Habibian
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Qaemshahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahar, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Jafar Moosavi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Qaemshahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahar, Iran
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3
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Harmon JN, Chandran P, Chandrasekaran A, Hyde JE, Hernandez GJ, Reed MJ, Bruce MF, Khaing ZZ. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging detects anatomical and functional changes in rat cervical spine microvasculature with normal aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584672. [PMID: 38559128 PMCID: PMC10980054 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with significant deleterious cerebrovascular changes; these have been implicated in disease pathogenesis and increased susceptibility to ischemic injury. While these changes are well documented in the brain, few studies have been conducted in the spinal cord. Here, we utilize specialized contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging to investigate age-related changes in cervical spinal vascular anatomy and hemodynamics in male Fisher 344 rats, a common strain in aging research. Aged rats (24-26 mo., N=6) exhibited significant tortuosity in the anterior spinal artery and elevated vascular resistance compared to adults (4-6 mo., N=6; tortuosity index 2.20±0.15 vs 4.74±0.45, p<0.05). Baseline blood volume was lower in both larger vessels and the microcirculation in the aged cohort, specifically in white matter (4.44e14±1.37e13 vs 3.66e14±2.64e13 CEUS bolus AUC, p<0.05). To elucidate functional differences, animals were exposed to a hypoxia challenge; whereas adult rats exhibited significant functional hyperemia in both gray and white matter (GM: 1.13±0.10-fold change from normoxia, p<0.05; WM: 1.16±0.13, p<0.05), aged rats showed no response. Immunohistochemistry revealed reduced pericyte coverage and activated microglia behavior in aged rats, which may partially explain the lack of vascular response. This study provides the first in vivo description of age-related hemodynamic differences in the cervical spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Harmon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Preeja Chandran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey E. Hyde
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gustavo J. Hernandez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May J. Reed
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew F. Bruce
- Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Sarabi MS, Ma SJ, Jann K, Ringman JM, Wang DJJ, Shi Y. Vessel density mapping of small cerebral vessels on 3D high resolution black blood MRI. Neuroimage 2024; 286:120504. [PMID: 38216104 PMCID: PMC10834860 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Small cerebral blood vessels are largely inaccessible to existing clinical in vivo imaging technologies. This study aims to present a novel analysis pipeline for vessel density mapping of small cerebral blood vessels from high-resolution 3D black-blood MRI at 3T. Twenty-eight subjects (10 under 35 years old, 18 over 60 years old) were imaged with the T1-weighted turbo spin-echo with variable flip angles (T1w TSE-VFA) sequence optimized for black-blood small vessel imaging with iso-0.5 mm spatial resolution (interpolated from 0.51×0.51×0.64 mm3) at 3T. Hessian-based vessel segmentation methods (Jerman, Frangi and Sato filter) were evaluated by vessel landmarks and manual annotation of lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs). Using optimized vessel segmentation, large vessel pruning and non-linear registration, a semiautomatic pipeline was proposed for quantification of small vessel density across brain regions and further for localized detection of small vessel changes across populations. Voxel-level statistics was performed to compare vessel density between two age groups. Additionally, local vessel density of aged subjects was correlated with their corresponding gross cognitive and executive function (EF) scores using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and EF composite scores compiled with Item Response Theory (IRT). Jerman filter showed better performance for vessel segmentation than Frangi and Sato filter which was employed in our pipeline. Small cerebral blood vessels including small artery, arterioles, small veins, and venules on the order of a few hundred microns can be delineated using the proposed analysis pipeline on 3D black-blood MRI at 3T. The mean vessel density across brain regions was significantly higher in young subjects compared to aged subjects. In the aged subjects, localized vessel density was positively correlated with MoCA and IRT EF scores. The proposed pipeline is able to segment, quantify, and detect localized differences in vessel density of small cerebral blood vessels based on 3D high-resolution black-blood MRI. This framework may serve as a tool for localized detection of small vessel density changes in normal aging and cerebral small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sharifi Sarabi
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Samantha J Ma
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kay Jann
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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5
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Jin K, Yao Z, van Velthoven CTJ, Kaplan ES, Glattfelder K, Barlow ST, Boyer G, Carey D, Casper T, Chakka AB, Chakrabarty R, Clark M, Departee M, Desierto M, Gary A, Gloe J, Goldy J, Guilford N, Guzman J, Hirschstein D, Lee C, Liang E, Pham T, Reding M, Ronellenfitch K, Ruiz A, Sevigny J, Shapovalova N, Shulga L, Sulc J, Torkelson A, Tung H, Levi B, Sunkin SM, Dee N, Esposito L, Smith K, Tasic B, Zeng H. Cell-type specific molecular signatures of aging revealed in a brain-wide transcriptomic cell-type atlas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.550355. [PMID: 38168182 PMCID: PMC10760145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Biological aging can be defined as a gradual loss of homeostasis across various aspects of molecular and cellular function. Aging is a complex and dynamic process which influences distinct cell types in a myriad of ways. The cellular architecture of the mammalian brain is heterogeneous and diverse, making it challenging to identify precise areas and cell types of the brain that are more susceptible to aging than others. Here, we present a high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing dataset containing ~1.2 million high-quality single-cell transcriptomic profiles of brain cells from young adult and aged mice across both sexes, including areas spanning the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. We find age-associated gene expression signatures across nearly all 130+ neuronal and non-neuronal cell subclasses we identified. We detect the greatest gene expression changes in non-neuronal cell types, suggesting that different cell types in the brain vary in their susceptibility to aging. We identify specific, age-enriched clusters within specific glial, vascular, and immune cell types from both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain, and specific gene expression changes associated with cell senescence, inflammation, decrease in new myelination, and decreased vasculature integrity. We also identify genes with expression changes across multiple cell subclasses, pointing to certain mechanisms of aging that may occur across wide regions or broad cell types of the brain. Finally, we discover the greatest gene expression changes in cell types localized to the third ventricle of the hypothalamus, including tanycytes, ependymal cells, and Tbx3+ neurons found in the arcuate nucleus that are part of the neuronal circuits regulating food intake and energy homeostasis. These findings suggest that the area surrounding the third ventricle in the hypothalamus may be a hub for aging in the mouse brain. Overall, we reveal a dynamic landscape of cell-type-specific transcriptomic changes in the brain associated with normal aging that will serve as a foundation for the investigation of functional changes in the aging process and the interaction of aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Carey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Max Departee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Gary
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josh Sevigny
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Allaf AM, Wang J, Simms AG, Jiang H. Age-related alterations in retinal capillary function. Microvasc Res 2023; 148:104508. [PMID: 36822365 PMCID: PMC10258153 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine age-related alterations in the retinal capillary function (RCF, the ability to transport blood flow) in healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 148 healthy subjects (aged 18 to 83 years) were enrolled, and one eye of each subject was imaged. Retinal blood flow (RBF) was measured using a Retinal Function Imager, and retinal capillary density (RCD, expressed as fractal dimension Dbox) was measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. RCF was defined as the ratio of RBF to RCD, representing the ability to transport blood flow. The relationship between RCF and age was analyzed. In addition, the cohort was divided into four groups (G1, <35 years, G2, 35-49 years, G3, 50-64 years, and G4, ≥65 years) for further analysis. RESULTS With all data, the relation between the RCF and age had a trend of a quadratic model (G1-4: r = 0.16, P = 0.14). After 35 years (i.e., G2-4), the relation had a trend between the RCF and age fitted into a negative linear model (r = -0.23, P = 0.05). Moreover, after 50 years (i.e., G3-4), the negative linear model became stronger (r = -0.37, P = 0.03). The average RCF was 2.24 ± 0.22 μl/s/Dbox in G4, significantly lower than that in G2 (2.65 ± 0.56 μl/s/Dbox, P = 0.018) and G3 (2.64 ± 0.70 μl/s/Dbox, P = 0.034), but did not reach a significant level compared to that in G1 (2.55 + 0.51 μl/s/Dbox, P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to determine age-related alterations in the RCF in a healthy population. Decreased RCF in the older group may represent a characteristic pattern of normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ava-Gaye Simms
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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7
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Sarabi MS, Ma SJ, Jann K, Ringman JM, Wang DJJ, Shi Y. Vessel Density Mapping of Cerebral Small Vessels on 3D High Resolution Black Blood MRI. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533300. [PMID: 36993509 PMCID: PMC10055197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessels are largely inaccessible to existing clinical in vivo imaging technologies. This study aims to present a novel analysis pipeline for vessel density mapping of cerebral small vessels from high-resolution 3D black-blood MRI at 3T. Twenty-eight subjects (10 under 35 years old, 18 over 60 years old) were imaged with the T1-weighted turbo spin-echo with variable flip angles (T1w TSE-VFA) sequence optimized for black-blood small vessel imaging with iso-0.5mm spatial resolution at 3T. Hessian-based vessel segmentation methods (Jerman, Frangi and Sato filter) were evaluated by vessel landmarks and manual annotation of lenticulostriate arteries (LSAs). Using optimized vessel segmentation, large vessel pruning and non-linear registration, a semiautomatic pipeline was proposed for quantification of small vessel density across brain regions and further for localized detection of small vessel changes across populations. Voxel-level statistics was performed to compare vessel density between two age groups. Additionally, local vessel density of aged subjects was correlated with their corresponding gross cognitive and executive function (EF) scores using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and EF composite scores compiled with Item Response Theory (IRT). Jerman filter showed better performance for vessel segmentation than Frangi and Sato filter which was employed in our pipeline. Cerebral small vessels on the order of a few hundred microns can be delineated using the proposed analysis pipeline on 3D black-blood MRI at 3T. The mean vessel density across brain regions was significantly higher in young subjects compared to aged subjects. In the aged subjects, localized vessel density was positively correlated with MoCA and IRT EF scores. The proposed pipeline is able to segment, quantify, and detect localized differences in vessel density of cerebral small vessels based on 3D high-resolution black-blood MRI. This framework may serve as a tool for localized detection of small vessel density changes in normal aging and cerebral small vessel disease.
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8
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells form the inner layer of blood vessels where they have a key role in the development and maintenance of the functional circulatory system and provide paracrine support to surrounding non-vascular cells. Technical advances in the past 5 years in single-cell genomics and in in vivo genetic labelling have facilitated greater insights into endothelial cell development, plasticity and heterogeneity. These advances have also contributed to a new understanding of the timing of endothelial cell subtype differentiation and its relationship to the cell cycle. Identification of novel tissue-specific gene expression patterns in endothelial cells has led to the discovery of crucial signalling pathways and new interactions with other cell types that have key roles in both tissue maintenance and disease pathology. In this Review, we describe the latest findings in vascular endothelial cell development and diversity, which are often supported by large-scale, single-cell studies, and discuss the implications of these findings for vascular medicine. In addition, we highlight how techniques such as single-cell multimodal omics, which have become increasingly sophisticated over the past 2 years, are being utilized to study normal vascular physiology as well as functional perturbations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Trimm
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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9
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Use of Brain-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells and Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Repair Damaged Neural Tissues: Lessons Learned from Connective Tissue Repair Regarding Variables Limiting Progress and Approaches to Overcome Limitations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043370. [PMID: 36834779 PMCID: PMC9958575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent neural stem or progenitor cells (NSC/NPC) have been reported in the brains of adult preclinical models for decades, as have mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) been reported in a variety of tissues from adults. Based on their in vitro capabilities, these cell types have been used extensively in attempts to repair/regenerate brain and connective tissues, respectively. In addition, MSC have also been used in attempts to repair compromised brain centres. However, success in treating chronic neural degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others with NSC/NPC has been limited, as have the use of MSC in the treatment of chronic osteoarthritis, a condition affecting millions of individuals. However, connective tissues are likely less complex than neural tissues regarding cell organization and regulatory integration, but some insights have been gleaned from the studies regarding connective tissue healing with MSC that may inform studies attempting to initiate repair and regeneration of neural tissues compromised acutely or chronically by trauma or disease. This review will discuss the similarities and differences in the applications of NSC/NPC and MSC, where some lessons have been learned, and potential approaches that could be used going forward to enhance progress in the application of cellular therapy to facilitate repair and regeneration of complex structures in the brain. In particular, variables that may need to be controlled to enhance success are discussed, as are different approaches such as the use of extracellular vesicles from stem/progenitor cells that could be used to stimulate endogenous cells to repair the tissues rather than consider cell replacement as the primary option. Caveats to all these efforts relate to whether cellular repair initiatives will have long-term success if the initiators for neural diseases are not controlled, and whether such cellular initiatives will have long-term success in a subset of patients if the neural diseases are heterogeneous and have multiple etiologies.
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10
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Ota Y, Shah G. Imaging of Normal Brain Aging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2022; 32:683-698. [PMID: 35843669 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding normal brain aging physiology is essential to improving healthy human longevity, differentiation, and early detection of diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, which are an enormous social and economic burden. Functional decline, such as reduced physical activity and cognitive abilities, is typically associated with brain aging. The authors summarize the aging brain mechanism and effects of aging on the brain observed by brain structural MR imaging and advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ota
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gaurang Shah
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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11
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Schnellmann R, Ntekoumes D, Choudhury MI, Sun S, Wei Z, Gerecht S. Stiffening Matrix Induces Age-Mediated Microvascular Phenotype Through Increased Cell Contractility and Destabilization of Adherens Junctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201483. [PMID: 35657074 PMCID: PMC9353494 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor in microvascular dysfunction and disease development, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. As a result, age-mediated changes in the mechanical properties of tissue collagen have gained interest as drivers of endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. 3D culture models that mimic age-mediated changes in the microvasculature can facilitate mechanistic understanding. A fibrillar hydrogel capable of changing its stiffness after forming microvascular networks is established. This hydrogel model is used to form vascular networks from induced pluripotent stem cells under soft conditions that mimic young tissue mechanics. Then matrix stiffness is gradually increased, thus exposing the vascular networks to the aging-mimicry process in vitro. It is found that upon dynamic matrix stiffening, EC contractility is increased, resulting in the activation of focal adhesion kinase and subsequent dissociation of β-catenin from VE-Cadherin mediated adherens junctions, leading to the abruption of the vascular networks. Inhibiting cell contractility impedes the dissociation of β-catenin, thereby preventing the deconstruction of adherens junctions, thus partially rescuing the age-mediated vascular phenotype. The findings provide the first direct evidence of matrix's dynamic mechano-changes in compromising microvasculature with aging and highlight the importance of hydrogel systems to study tissue-level changes with aging in basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Schnellmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- The Institute for NanoBioTechnologyPhysical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
| | - Dimitris Ntekoumes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- The Institute for NanoBioTechnologyPhysical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA
| | - Mohammad Ikbal Choudhury
- The Institute for NanoBioTechnologyPhysical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
| | - Sean Sun
- The Institute for NanoBioTechnologyPhysical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- The Institute for NanoBioTechnologyPhysical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- The Institute for NanoBioTechnologyPhysical Sciences‐Oncology CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA
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12
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Matsuoka RL, Buck LD, Vajrala KP, Quick RE, Card OA. Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:372. [PMID: 35726097 PMCID: PMC9209386 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain-blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Luke D Buck
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Keerti P Vajrala
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Rachael E Quick
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia A Card
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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13
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Gonzales MM, Garbarino VR, Pollet E, Palavicini JP, Kellogg DL, Kraig E, Orr ME. Biological aging processes underlying cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158453. [PMID: 35575089 PMCID: PMC9106343 DOI: 10.1172/jci158453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are among the top contributors to disability and mortality in later life. As with many chronic conditions, aging is the single most influential factor in the development of ADRD. Even among older adults who remain free of dementia throughout their lives, cognitive decline and neurodegenerative changes are appreciable with advancing age, suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. In this Review, we provide an overview of changes in cognition, brain morphology, and neuropathological protein accumulation across the lifespan in humans, with complementary and mechanistic evidence from animal models. Next, we highlight selected aging processes that are differentially regulated in neurodegenerative disease, including aberrant autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, epigenetic changes, cerebrovascular dysfunction, inflammation, and lipid dysregulation. We summarize research across clinical and translational studies to link biological aging processes to underlying ADRD pathogenesis. Targeting fundamental processes underlying biological aging may represent a yet relatively unexplored avenue to attenuate both age-related cognitive decline and ADRD. Collaboration across the fields of geroscience and neuroscience, coupled with the development of new translational animal models that more closely align with human disease processes, is necessary to advance novel therapeutic discovery in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Department of Neurology
| | | | - Erin Pollet
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Juan P. Palavicini
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dean L. Kellogg
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ellen Kraig
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, and
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Li L, Ding G, Zhang L, Davoodi-Bojd E, Chopp M, Li Q, Zhang ZG, Jiang Q. Aging-Related Alterations of Glymphatic Transport in Rat: In vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Kinetic Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:841798. [PMID: 35360203 PMCID: PMC8960847 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.841798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Impaired glymphatic waste clearance function during brain aging leads to the accumulation of metabolic waste and neurotoxic proteins (e.g., amyloid-β, tau) which contribute to neurological disorders. However, how the age-related glymphatic dysfunction exerts its effects on different cerebral regions and affects brain waste clearance remain unclear. Methods We investigated alterations of glymphatic transport in the aged rat brain using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and advanced kinetic modeling. Healthy young (3-4 months) and aged (18-20 months) male rats (n = 12/group) underwent the identical MRI protocol, including T2-weighted imaging and 3D T1-weighted imaging with intracisternal administration of contrast agent (Gd-DTPA). Model-derived parameters of infusion rate and clearance rate, characterizing the kinetics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer transport via the glymphatic system, were evaluated in multiple representative brain regions. Changes in the CSF-filled cerebral ventricles were measured using contrast-induced time signal curves (TSCs) in conjunction with structural imaging. Results Compared to the young brain, an overall impairment of glymphatic transport function was detected in the aged brain, evidenced by the decrease in both infusion and clearance rates throughout the brain. Enlarged ventricles in parallel with reduced efficiency in CSF transport through the ventricular regions were present in the aged brain. While the age-related glymphatic dysfunction was widespread, our kinetic quantification demonstrated that its impact differed considerably among cerebral regions with the most severe effect found in olfactory bulb, indicating the heterogeneous and regional preferential alterations of glymphatic function. Conclusion The robust suppression of glymphatic activity in the olfactory bulb, which serves as one of major efflux routes for brain waste clearance, may underlie, in part, age-related neurodegenerative diseases associated with neurotoxic substance accumulation. Our data provide new insight into the cerebral regional vulnerability to brain functional change with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guangliang Ding
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
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15
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Abstract
Two vasculitides, giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK), are recognized as autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases that manifest exclusively within the aorta and its large branches. In both entities, the age of the affected host is a critical risk factor. TAK manifests during the 2nd-4th decade of life, occurring while the immune system is at its height of performance. GCA is a disease of older individuals, with infrequent cases during the 6th decade and peak incidence during the 8th decade of life. In both vasculitides, macrophages and T cells infiltrate into the adventitia and media of affected vessels, induce granulomatous inflammation, cause vessel wall destruction, and reprogram vascular cells to drive adventitial and neointimal expansion. In GCA, abnormal immunity originates in an aged immune system and evolves within the aged vascular microenvironment. One hallmark of the aging immune system is the preferential loss of CD8+ T cell function. Accordingly, in GCA but not in TAK, CD8+ effector T cells play a negligible role and anti-inflammatory CD8+ T regulatory cells are selectively impaired. Here, we review current evidence of how the process of immunosenescence impacts the risk for GCA and how fundamental differences in the age of the immune system translate into differences in the granulomatous immunopathology of TAK versus GCA.
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16
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Blinkouskaya Y, Caçoilo A, Gollamudi T, Jalalian S, Weickenmeier J. Brain aging mechanisms with mechanical manifestations. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 200:111575. [PMID: 34600936 PMCID: PMC8627478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex process that affects everything from the subcellular to the organ level, begins early in life, and accelerates with age. Morphologically, brain aging is primarily characterized by brain volume loss, cortical thinning, white matter degradation, loss of gyrification, and ventricular enlargement. Pathophysiologically, brain aging is associated with neuron cell shrinking, dendritic degeneration, demyelination, small vessel disease, metabolic slowing, microglial activation, and the formation of white matter lesions. In recent years, the mechanics community has demonstrated increasing interest in modeling the brain's (bio)mechanical behavior and uses constitutive modeling to predict shape changes of anatomically accurate finite element brain models in health and disease. Here, we pursue two objectives. First, we review existing imaging-based data on white and gray matter atrophy rates and organ-level aging patterns. This data is required to calibrate and validate constitutive brain models. Second, we review the most critical cell- and tissue-level aging mechanisms that drive white and gray matter changes. We focuse on aging mechanisms that ultimately manifest as organ-level shape changes based on the idea that the integration of imaging and mechanical modeling may help identify the tipping point when normal aging ends and pathological neurodegeneration begins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Blinkouskaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Andreia Caçoilo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Trisha Gollamudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Shima Jalalian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Johannes Weickenmeier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States.
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17
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Ouellette J, Lacoste B. From Neurodevelopmental to Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Vascular Continuum. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:749026. [PMID: 34744690 PMCID: PMC8570842 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional integrity of the cerebral vasculature ensures proper brain development and function, as well as healthy aging. The inability of the brain to store energy makes it exceptionally dependent on an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream for matching colossal demands of neural and glial cells. Key vascular features including a dense vasculature, a tightly controlled environment, and the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) all take part in brain health throughout life. As such, healthy brain development and aging are both ensured by the anatomical and functional interaction between the vascular and nervous systems that are established during brain development and maintained throughout the lifespan. During critical periods of brain development, vascular networks remodel until they can actively respond to increases in neural activity through neurovascular coupling, which makes the brain particularly vulnerable to neurovascular alterations. The brain vasculature has been strongly associated with the onset and/or progression of conditions associated with aging, and more recently with neurodevelopmental disorders. Our understanding of cerebrovascular contributions to neurological disorders is rapidly evolving, and increasing evidence shows that deficits in angiogenesis, CBF and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are causally linked to cognitive impairment. Moreover, it is of utmost curiosity that although neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders express different clinical features at different stages of life, they share similar vascular abnormalities. In this review, we present an overview of vascular dysfunctions associated with neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, Down Syndrome) and neurodegenerative (multiple sclerosis, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases) disorders, with a focus on impairments in angiogenesis, CBF and the BBB. Finally, we discuss the impact of early vascular impairments on the expression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ouellette
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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18
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Saio S, Konishi K, Hohjoh H, Tamura Y, Masutani T, Iddamalgoda A, Ichihashi M, Hasegawa H, Mizutani KI. Extracellular Environment-Controlled Angiogenesis, and Potential Application for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011169. [PMID: 34681829 PMCID: PMC8541280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells acquire different phenotypes to establish functional vascular networks. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling induces endothelial proliferation, migration, and survival to regulate vascular development, which leads to the construction of a vascular plexuses with a regular morphology. The spatiotemporal localization of angiogenic factors and the extracellular matrix play fundamental roles in ensuring the proper regulation of angiogenesis. This review article highlights how and what kinds of extracellular environmental molecules regulate angiogenesis. Close interactions between the vascular and neural systems involve shared molecular mechanisms to coordinate developmental and regenerative processes. This review article focuses on current knowledge about the roles of angiogenesis in peripheral nerve regeneration and the latest therapeutic strategies for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Saio
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Kanna Konishi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Teruaki Masutani
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu 501-0475, Japan; (T.M.); (A.I.)
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Arunasiri Iddamalgoda
- Research & Development Dept., Ichimaru Pharcos Co., Ltd., 318-1 Asagi, Motosu 501-0475, Japan; (T.M.); (A.I.)
| | - Masamitsu Ichihashi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakitamachi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (K.-i.M.)
| | - Ken-ichi Mizutani
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan; (S.S.); (K.K.); (Y.T.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (K.-i.M.)
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19
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Iwai R, Ishii T, Fukushima Y, Okamoto T, Ichihashi M, Sasaki Y, Mizuatni KI. Matcha and Its Components Control Angiogenic Potential. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:118-125. [PMID: 33952732 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The brain needs the appropriate capillary networks to maintain normal brain function. Since previous studies showed age-related decrease in the cortical capillaries, it is suggested that protection against capillary aging is critical for maintaining brain function. Epidemiological studies have indicated that brain functions were protected from age-related decline by the long-term consumption of matcha. However, whether matcha has protective effects on capillary aging has not been studied yet. In this study, we utilized Flt1-DsR mice that expressed a red fluorescent protein in vascular endothelial cells to visualize cortical capillaries clearly. We found that cortical capillary density decreased in aging Flt1-DsR mice. Our results of the aortic ring assay and tube formation assay revealed that matcha and its components vitamin K1 and lutein, which are abundant in matcha powder, enhanced the angiogenic potential. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of long-term ingestion of matcha on mouse cortical capillary aging by using imaging experiments. The capillary density of the Flt1-DsR mice, which were fed matcha-containing food, indicated the protective effects of matcha ingestion on capillary aging in a limited cortical layer. These results suggest that biological regulation of matcha and its components affect the angiogenic potential, which is related to the prevention of capillary aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwai
- Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Takeshi Ishii
- Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yoichi Fukushima
- Department of Health Food Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | | | | | - Yasuto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Food and Medicinal Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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20
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Quan W, Luo Q, Hao W, Tomic I, Furihata T, Schulz-Schäffer W, Menger MD, Fassbender K, Liu Y. Haploinsufficiency of microglial MyD88 ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology and vascular disorders in APP/PS1-transgenic mice. Glia 2021; 69:1987-2005. [PMID: 33934399 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that innate immune molecules regulate microglial activation in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, their effects on amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration remain inconclusive. Here, we conditionally deleted one allele of myd88 gene specifically in microglia in APP/PS1-transgenic mice by 6 months and analyzed AD-associated pathologies by 9 months. We observed that heterozygous deletion of myd88 gene in microglia decreased cerebral amyloid β (Aβ) load and improved cognitive function of AD mice, which was correlated with reduced number of microglia in the brain and inhibited transcription of inflammatory genes, for example, tnf-α and il-1β, in both brain tissues and individual microglia. To investigate mechanisms underlying the pathological improvement, we observed that haploinsufficiency of MyD88 increased microglial recruitment toward Aβ deposits, which might facilitate Aβ clearance. Microglia with haploinsufficient expression of MyD88 also increased vasculature in the brain of APP/PS1-transgenic mice, which was associated with up-regulated transcription of osteopontin and insulin-like growth factor genes in microglia. Moreover, MyD88-haploinsufficient microglia elevated protein levels of LRP1 in cerebral capillaries of APP/PS1-transgenic mice. Cell culture experiments further showed that treatments with interleukin-1β decreased LRP1 expression in pericytes. In summary, haploinsufficiency of MyD88 in microglia at a late disease stage attenuates pro-inflammatory activation and amyloid pathology, prevents the impairment of microvasculature and perhaps also protects LRP1-mediated Aβ clearance in the brain of APP/PS1-transgenic mice, all of which improves neuronal function of AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Quan
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenlin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Inge Tomic
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tomomi Furihata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Michael D Menger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fassbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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21
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Mesnil M, Defamie N, Naus C, Sarrouilhe D. Brain Disorders and Chemical Pollutants: A Gap Junction Link? Biomolecules 2020; 11:51. [PMID: 33396565 PMCID: PMC7824109 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of brain pathologies has increased during last decades. Better diagnosis (autism spectrum disorders) and longer life expectancy (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) partly explain this increase, while emerging data suggest pollutant exposures as a possible but still underestimated cause of major brain disorders. Taking into account that the brain parenchyma is rich in gap junctions and that most pollutants inhibit their function; brain disorders might be the consequence of gap-junctional alterations due to long-term exposures to pollutants. In this article, this hypothesis is addressed through three complementary aspects: (1) the gap-junctional organization and connexin expression in brain parenchyma and their function; (2) the effect of major pollutants (pesticides, bisphenol A, phthalates, heavy metals, airborne particles, etc.) on gap-junctional and connexin functions; (3) a description of the major brain disorders categorized as neurodevelopmental (autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, epilepsy), neurobehavioral (migraines, major depressive disorders), neurodegenerative (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases) and cancers (glioma), in which both connexin dysfunction and pollutant involvement have been described. Based on these different aspects, the possible involvement of pollutant-inhibited gap junctions in brain disorders is discussed for prenatal and postnatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Mesnil
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Norah Defamie
- Laboratoire STIM, ERL7003 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1 rue G. Bonnet–TSA 51 106, 86073 Poitiers, France; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Christian Naus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada;
| | - Denis Sarrouilhe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, 6 rue de La Milétrie, bât D1, TSA 51115, 86073 Poitiers, France
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