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Akki AJ, Patil SA, Hungund S, Sahana R, Patil MM, Kulkarni RV, Raghava Reddy K, Zameer F, Raghu AV. Advances in Parkinson's disease research - A computational network pharmacological approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112758. [PMID: 39067399 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is projected to see a significant rise in incidence over the next three decades. The precise treatment of PD remains a formidable challenge, prompting ongoing research into early diagnostic methodologies. Network pharmacology, a burgeoning field grounded in systems biology, examines the intricate networks of biological systems to identify critical signal nodes, facilitating the development of multi-target therapeutic molecules. This approach systematically maps the components of Parkinson's disease, thereby reducing its complexity. In this review, we explore the application of network pharmacology workflows in PD, discuss the techniques employed in this field, and evaluate the current advancements and status of network pharmacology in the context of Parkinson's disease. The comprehensive insights will pave newer paths to explore early disease biomarkers and to develop diagnosis with a holistic in silico, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jawad Akki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura 586 103, India
| | - Shruti A Patil
- Faculty of Science and Technology, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura 586 103, India
| | - Sphoorty Hungund
- Faculty of Science and Technology, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura 586 103, India
| | - R Sahana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and Management, 560 076 Bengaluru, India
| | - Malini M Patil
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and Management, 560 076 Bengaluru, India.
| | - Raghavendra V Kulkarni
- Faculty of Science and Technology, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapura 586 103, India
| | - K Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 12 2006, Australia
| | - Farhan Zameer
- Department of Dravyaguna (Ayurveda Pharmacology), Alva's Ayurveda Medical College, and PathoGutOmics Laboratory, ATMA Research Centre, Dakshina Kannada 574 227, India.
| | - Anjanapura V Raghu
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, CMR University, 562149 Bangalore, India.
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2
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Li K, Ling H, Huang W, Luo W, Gu C, Tao B, Xie Q, Qiu P. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals α-syn induced astrocyte-neuron crosstalk-mediated neurotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112676. [PMID: 39053230 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a key pathological hallmark of synucleinopathies and has been shown to negatively impact neuronal function and activity. α-syn is an important factor contributing to astrocyte overactivation, though the effect of astrocyte overactivation on neurons remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing data of mouse brain frontal cortex and midbrain from Hua-Syn (A53T) and wild type mice were utilized from the GEO database. Enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction networks, and cell-cell interaction networks all indicated enhanced communication between astrocytes and neurons, along with the involvement of TNF and inflammation-related signaling pathways. In vitro experiments were performed to further explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity in astrocyte-neuron crosstalk. Astrocytes were treated by α-syn, neuronal TNFR1 receptors were antagonized by R-7050, and the cells were co-cultured after 24 h treatment. ELISA results revealed that cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly upregulated in astrocytes following the endocytosis of α-syn. Immunofluorescence (IF) showed neuronal dendritic reduction, axon elongation and increased co-localisation of TNFR1 receptor expression. Western blot showed up-regulation of PKR, P-eIF2α and ATF4 protein expression. Conversely, after antagonizing neuronal TNFR1 receptors with the R-7050 chemical inhibitor, neuronal synaptic structure was significantly restored and the expression of PKR, P-eIF2α and ATF4 was down-regulated. In summary, TNF-α acts as a signaling molecule mediating the up-regulated astrocyte-neuron crosstalk, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of α-syn-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haosen Ling
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyu Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cihang Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Tao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqian Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingming Qiu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Lal R, Singh A, Watts S, Chopra K. Experimental models of Parkinson's disease: Challenges and Opportunities. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176819. [PMID: 39029778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder occurs due to the degradation of dopaminergic neurons present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Millions of people are affected by this devastating disorder globally, and the frequency of the condition increases with the increase in the elderly population. A significant amount of progress has been made in acquiring more knowledge about the etiology and the pathogenesis of PD over the past decades. Animal models have been regarded to be a vital tool for the exploration of complex molecular mechanisms involved in PD. Various animals used as models for disease monitoring include vertebrates (zebrafish, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and monkeys) and invertebrate models (Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans). The animal models most relevant for study of PD are neurotoxin induction-based models (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and agricultural pesticides (rotenone, paraquat), pharmacological models (reserpine or haloperidol treated rats), genetic models (α-synuclein, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), DJ-1, PINK-1 and Parkin). Several non-mammalian genetic models such as zebrafish, Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegance have also gained popularity in recent years due to easy genetic manipulation, presence of genes homologous to human PD, and rapid screening of novel therapeutic molecules. In addition, in vitro models (SH-SY5Y, PC12, Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES) cells, Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), Neural organoids, organ-on-chip) are also currently in trend providing edge in investigating molecular mechanisms involved in PD as they are derived from PD patients. In this review, we explain the current situation and merits and demerits of the various animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Lal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Aditi Singh
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Shivam Watts
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Szulc A, Wiśniewska K, Żabińska M, Gaffke L, Szota M, Olendzka Z, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Effectiveness of Flavonoid-Rich Diet in Alleviating Symptoms of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2024; 13:1931. [PMID: 38928874 PMCID: PMC11202533 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been a significant increase in the burden of neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, on a global scale. This is linked to a widespread demographic trend in which developed societies are aging, leading to an increased proportion of elderly individuals and, concurrently, an increase in the number of those afflicted, posing one of the main public health challenges for the coming decades. The complex pathomechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases and resulting varied symptoms, which differ depending on the disease, environment, and lifestyle of the patients, make searching for therapies for this group of disorders a formidable challenge. Currently, most neurodegenerative diseases are considered incurable. An important aspect in the fight against and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases may be broadly understood lifestyle choices, and more specifically, what we will focus on in this review, a diet. One proposal that may help in the fight against the spread of neurodegenerative diseases is a diet rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are compounds widely found in products considered healthy, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs. Many studies indicated not only the neuroprotective effects of these compounds but also their ability to reverse changes occurring during the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we present the main groups of flavonoids, discussing their characteristics and mechanisms of action. The most widely described mechanisms point to neuroprotective functions due to strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, accompanied with their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, as well as the ability to inhibit the formation of protein aggregates. The latter feature, together with promoting removal of the aggregates is especially important in neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss a therapeutic potential of selected flavonoids in the fight against neurodegenerative diseases, based on in vitro studies, and their impact when included in the diet of animals (laboratory research) and humans (population studies). Thus, this review summarizes flavonoids' actions and impacts on neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic use of these compounds in the future is potentially possible but depends on overcoming key challenges such as low bioavailability, determining the therapeutic dose, and defining what a flavonoid-rich diet is and determining its potential negative effects. This review also suggests further research directions to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (A.S.); (K.W.); (M.Ż.); (L.G.); (M.S.); (Z.O.); (K.P.)
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Zhao Y, Shen W, Zhang M, Guo M, Dou Y, Han S, Yu J, Cui M, Zhao Y. DDAH-1 maintains endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:399. [PMID: 38849335 PMCID: PMC11161642 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH-1) is the critical enzyme responsible for the degradation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) which inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthase and has been implicated in neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM), plays a critical role in this process, although the specific molecular target has not yet been determined. This study aims to examine the involvement of DDAH-1 in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway and PD pathogenesis. The distribution of DDAH-1 in the brain and its colocalization with dopaminergic neurons were observed. The loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggravated locomotor disability after rotenone (ROT) injection were showed in the DDAH-1 knockout rat. L-arginine (ARG) and NO donors were employed to elucidate the role of NO respectively. In vitro, we investigated the effects of DDAH-1 knockdown or overexpression on cell viability and mitochondrial functions, as well as modulation of ADMA/NO levels using ADMA or ARG. MAM formation was assessed by the Mitofusin2 oligomerization and the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL) phosphorylation. We found that DDAH-1 downregulation resulted in enhanced cell death and mitochondrial dysfunctions, accompanied by elevated ADMA and reduced NO levels. However, the recovered NO level after the ARG supplement failed to exhibit a protective effect on mitochondrial functions and partially restored cell viability. DDAH-1 overexpression prevented ROT toxicity, while ADMA treatment attenuated these protective effects. The declines of MAM formation in ROT-treated cells were exacerbated by DDAH-1 downregulation via reduced MITOL phosphorylation, which was reversed by DDAH-1 overexpression. Together, the abundant expression of DDAH-1 in nigral dopaminergic neurons may exert neuroprotective effects by maintaining MAM formation and mitochondrial function probably via ADMA, indicating the therapeutic potential of targeting DDAH-1 for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxiao Dou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sida Han
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jintai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Lumpkin CJ, Patel H, Potts GK, Chaurasia S, Gibilisco L, Srivastava GP, Lee JY, Brown NJ, Amarante P, Williams JD, Karran E, Townsend M, Woods D, Ravikumar B. Broad proteomics analysis of seeding-induced aggregation of α-synuclein in M83 neurons reveals remodeling of proteostasis mechanisms that might contribute to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Mol Brain 2024; 17:26. [PMID: 38778381 PMCID: PMC11110445 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) is a key characteristic feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. The nature of these aggregates and their contribution to cellular dysfunction is still not clearly elucidated. We employed mass spectrometry-based total and phospho-proteomics to characterize the underlying molecular and biological changes due to α-syn aggregation using the M83 mouse primary neuronal model of PD. We identified gross changes in the proteome that coincided with the formation of large Lewy body-like α-syn aggregates in these neurons. We used protein-protein interaction (PPI)-based network analysis to identify key protein clusters modulating specific biological pathways that may be dysregulated and identified several mechanisms that regulate protein homeostasis (proteostasis). The observed changes in the proteome may include both homeostatic compensation and dysregulation due to α-syn aggregation and a greater understanding of both processes and their role in α-syn-related proteostasis may lead to improved therapeutic options for patients with PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Lumpkin
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gregory K Potts
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Shilpi Chaurasia
- Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt Ltd, Uppal, Hyderabad, India, 500039
| | - Lauren Gibilisco
- Genomics Research Center, Computational Biology Neuroscience, AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gyan P Srivastava
- Data & Statistical Sciences, AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Janice Y Lee
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nathan J Brown
- Biotherapeutics, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Patricia Amarante
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jon D Williams
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Eric Karran
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Townsend
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dori Woods
- Laboratory of Aging and Infertility Research, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Brinda Ravikumar
- AbbVie, Cambridge Research Center, 200 Sidney Street Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Kampmann M. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of selective vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:351-371. [PMID: 38575768 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The selective vulnerability of specific neuronal subtypes is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, I summarize our current understanding of the brain regions and cell types that are selectively vulnerable in different neurodegenerative diseases and describe the proposed underlying cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. I highlight how recent methodological innovations - including single-cell transcriptomics, CRISPR-based screens and human cell-based models of disease - are enabling new breakthroughs in our understanding of selective vulnerability. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that determine selective vulnerability and resilience would shed light on the key processes that drive neurodegeneration and point to potential therapeutic strategies to protect vulnerable cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kampmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Bej E, Cesare P, Volpe AR, d’Angelo M, Castelli V. Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration: Insights and Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson's Disease. Neurol Int 2024; 16:502-517. [PMID: 38804477 PMCID: PMC11130796 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by the gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Oxidative stress has been identified as a key player in the development of PD in recent studies. In the first part, we discuss the sources of oxidative stress in PD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine metabolism, and neuroinflammation. This paper delves into the possibility of mitigating oxidative stress as a potential treatment approach for PD. In addition, we examine the hurdles and potential of antioxidant therapy, including the challenge of delivering antioxidants to the brain and the requirement for biomarkers to track oxidative stress in PD patients. However, even if antioxidant therapy holds promise, further investigation is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (E.B.); (P.C.); (A.R.V.); (M.d.)
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Kim DY, Kim SM, Cho EJ, Kwak HB, Han IO. Protective effect of increased O-GlcNAc cycling against 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's disease pathology. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:287. [PMID: 38654003 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the role of O-GlcNAc cycling in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neurodegeneration and the underlying mechanisms. We observed dose-dependent downregulation of O-GlcNAcylation, accompanied by an increase in O-GlcNAcase following 6-OHDA treatment in both mouse brain and Neuro2a cells. Interestingly, elevating O-GlcNAcylation through glucosamine (GlcN) injection provided protection against PD pathogenesis induced by 6-OHDA. At the behavioral level, GlcN mitigated motor deficits induced by 6-OHDA, as determined using the pole, cylinder, and apomorphine rotation tests. Furthermore, GlcN attenuated 6-OHDA-induced neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, augmented O-GlcNAcylation, achieved through O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) overexpression in mouse brain, conferred protection against 6-OHDA-induced PD pathology, encompassing neuronal cell death, motor deficits, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These collective findings suggest that O-GlcNAcylation plays a crucial role in the normal functioning of dopamine neurons. Moreover, enhancing O-GlcNAcylation through genetic and pharmacological means could effectively ameliorate neurodegeneration and motor impairment in an animal model of PD. These results propose a potential strategy for safeguarding against the deterioration of dopamine neurons implicated in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
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Saponjic J, Mejías R, Nikolovski N, Dragic M, Canak A, Papoutsopoulou S, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Fladmark KE, Ntavaroukas P, Bayar Muluk N, Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Fontán-Lozano Á, Comi C, Marino F. Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4330. [PMID: 38673915 PMCID: PMC11050170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Neda Nikolovski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences–National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Asuman Canak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkey;
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | | | - Kari E. Fladmark
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey;
| | - Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Yaghmaeian Salmani B, Lahti L, Gillberg L, Jacobsen JK, Mantas I, Svenningsson P, Perlmann T. Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model. eLife 2024; 12:RP89482. [PMID: 38587883 PMCID: PMC11001297 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons comprise diverse cells with unique innervation targets and functions. This is illustrated by the selective sensitivity of mDA neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson's disease, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Here, we used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of approximately 70,000 mouse midbrain cells to build a high-resolution atlas of mouse mDA neuron diversity at the molecular level. The results showed that differences between mDA neuron groups could best be understood as a continuum without sharp differences between subtypes. Thus, we assigned mDA neurons to several 'territories' and 'neighborhoods' within a shifting gene expression landscape where boundaries are gradual rather than discrete. Based on the enriched gene expression patterns of these territories and neighborhoods, we were able to localize them in the adult mouse midbrain. Moreover, because the underlying mechanisms for the variable sensitivities of diverse mDA neurons to pathological insults are not well understood, we analyzed surviving neurons after partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to unravel gene expression patterns that correlate with mDA neuron vulnerability and resilience. Together, this atlas provides a basis for further studies on the neurophysiological role of mDA neurons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lahti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Linda Gillberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jesper Kjaer Jacobsen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ioannis Mantas
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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12
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Pellegrini C, Travagli RA. Gastrointestinal dysmotility in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G345-G359. [PMID: 38261717 PMCID: PMC11212145 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00225.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple studies describe prodromal, nonmotor dysfunctions that affect the quality of life of patients who subsequently develop Parkinson's disease (PD). These prodromal dysfunctions comprise a wide array of autonomic issues, including severe gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders such as dysphagia, delayed gastric emptying, and chronic constipation. Indeed, strong evidence from studies in humans and animal models suggests that the GI tract and its neural, mainly vagal, connection to the central nervous system (CNS) could have a major role in the etiology of PD. In fact, misfolded α-synuclein aggregates that form Lewy bodies and neurites, i.e., the histological hallmarks of PD, are detected in the enteric nervous system (ENS) before clinical diagnosis of PD. The aim of the present review is to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of GI dysmotility in PD, focusing our attention on functional, neurochemical, and molecular alterations in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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De Vitis E, Stanzione A, Romano A, Quattrini A, Gigli G, Moroni L, Gervaso F, Polini A. The Evolution of Technology-Driven In Vitro Models for Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304989. [PMID: 38366798 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The alteration in the neural circuits of both central and peripheral nervous systems is closely related to the onset of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Despite significant research efforts, the knowledge regarding NDD pathological processes, and the development of efficacious drugs are still limited due to the inability to access and reproduce the components of the nervous system and its intricate microenvironment. 2D culture systems are too simplistic to accurately represent the more complex and dynamic situation of cells in vivo and have therefore been surpassed by 3D systems. However, both models suffer from various limitations that can be overcome by employing two innovative technologies: organ-on-chip and 3D printing. In this review, an overview of the advantages and shortcomings of both microfluidic platforms and extracellular matrix-like biomaterials will be given. Then, the combination of microfluidics and hydrogels as a new synergistic approach to study neural disorders by analyzing the latest advances in 3D brain-on-chip for neurodegenerative research will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Vitis
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonella Stanzione
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romano
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università Del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Gervaso
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polini
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekn, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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14
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Krut' VG, Kalinichenko AL, Maltsev DI, Jappy D, Shevchenko EK, Podgorny OV, Belousov VV. Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches for modeling neurological disorders in vivo. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 235:102600. [PMID: 38548126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Animal models of human neurological disorders provide valuable experimental tools which enable us to study various aspects of disorder pathogeneses, ranging from structural abnormalities and disrupted metabolism and signaling to motor and mental deficits, and allow us to test novel therapies in preclinical studies. To be valid, these animal models should recapitulate complex pathological features at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels as closely as possible to those observed in human subjects. Pathological states resembling known human neurological disorders can be induced in animal species by toxins, genetic factors, lesioning, or exposure to extreme conditions. In recent years, novel animal models recapitulating neuropathologies in humans have been introduced. These animal models are based on synthetic biology approaches: opto- and chemogenetics. In this paper, we review recent opto- and chemogenetics-based animal models of human neurological disorders. These models allow for the creation of pathological states by disrupting specific processes at the cellular level. The artificial pathological states mimic a range of human neurological disorders, such as aging-related dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, epilepsy, and ataxias. Opto- and chemogenetics provide new opportunities unavailable with other animal models of human neurological disorders. These techniques enable researchers to induce neuropathological states varying in severity and ranging from acute to chronic. We also discuss future directions for the development and application of synthetic biology approaches for modeling neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya G Krut'
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrei L Kalinichenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Maltsev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - David Jappy
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Evgeny K Shevchenko
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oleg V Podgorny
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 117997, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow 143025, Russia.
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15
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Goralski TM, Meyerdirk L, Breton L, Brasseur L, Kurgat K, DeWeerd D, Turner L, Becker K, Adams M, Newhouse DJ, Henderson MX. Spatial transcriptomics reveals molecular dysfunction associated with cortical Lewy pathology. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2642. [PMID: 38531900 PMCID: PMC10966039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A key hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is Lewy pathology. Composed of α-synuclein, Lewy pathology is found both in dopaminergic neurons that modulate motor function, and cortical regions that control cognitive function. Recent work has established the molecular identity of dopaminergic neurons susceptible to death, but little is known about cortical neurons susceptible to Lewy pathology or molecular changes induced by aggregates. In the current study, we use spatial transcriptomics to capture whole transcriptome signatures from cortical neurons with α-synuclein pathology compared to neurons without pathology. We find, both in PD and related PD dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and in the pre-formed fibril α-synucleinopathy mouse model, that specific classes of excitatory neurons are vulnerable to developing Lewy pathology. Further, we identify conserved gene expression changes in aggregate-bearing neurons that we designate the Lewy-associated molecular dysfunction from aggregates (LAMDA) signature. Neurons with aggregates downregulate synaptic, mitochondrial, ubiquitin-proteasome, endo-lysosomal, and cytoskeletal genes and upregulate DNA repair and complement/cytokine genes. Our results identify neurons vulnerable to Lewy pathology in the PD cortex and describe a conserved signature of molecular dysfunction in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Goralski
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Meyerdirk
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Libby Breton
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Laura Brasseur
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Kurgat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Daniella DeWeerd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Turner
- Van Andel Institute Pathology Core, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Katelyn Becker
- Van Andel Institute Genomics Core, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Marie Adams
- Van Andel Institute Genomics Core, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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16
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Pan MT, Zhang H, Li XJ, Guo XY. Genetically modified non-human primate models for research on neurodegenerative diseases. Zool Res 2024; 45:263-274. [PMID: 38287907 PMCID: PMC11017080 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of debilitating neurological disorders that primarily affect elderly populations and include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Currently, there are no therapies available that can delay, stop, or reverse the pathological progression of NDs in clinical settings. As the population ages, NDs are imposing a huge burden on public health systems and affected families. Animal models are important tools for preclinical investigations to understand disease pathogenesis and test potential treatments. While numerous rodent models of NDs have been developed to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms, the limited success of translating findings from animal models to clinical practice suggests that there is still a need to bridge this translation gap. Old World non-human primates (NHPs), such as rhesus, cynomolgus, and vervet monkeys, are phylogenetically, physiologically, biochemically, and behaviorally most relevant to humans. This is particularly evident in the similarity of the structure and function of their central nervous systems, rendering such species uniquely valuable for neuroscience research. Recently, the development of several genetically modified NHP models of NDs has successfully recapitulated key pathologies and revealed novel mechanisms. This review focuses on the efficacy of NHPs in modeling NDs and the novel pathological insights gained, as well as the challenges associated with the generation of such models and the complexities involved in their subsequent analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tian Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China. E-mail:
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17
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Athari SZ, Farajdokht F, Keyhanmanesh R, Mohaddes G. AMPK Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:120-131. [PMID: 38585465 PMCID: PMC10997932 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Genetic factors, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cytotoxic factors, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all involved in neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. The risk of PD can be higher in aging individuals due to decreased mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function. The potential of AMPK to regulate neurodegenerative disorders lies in its ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, decrease mitophagy and macroautophagy, and inhibit inflammation. In addition, it has been shown that modulating the catalytic activity of AMPK can protect the nervous system. This article reviews the mechanisms by which AMPK activation can modulate PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Zanyar Athari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Education, California Health Sciences University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clovis, CA, USA
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18
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Regoni M, Valtorta F, Sassone J. Dopaminergic neuronal death via necroptosis in Parkinson's disease: A review of the literature. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1079-1098. [PMID: 37667848 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Several pathways of programmed cell death are likely to play a role in dopaminergic neuron death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, as well as cell death associated with proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic neuron death could inform the design of drugs that promote neuron survival. Necroptosis is a recently characterized regulated cell death mechanism that exhibits morphological features common to both apoptosis and necrosis. It requires activation of an intracellular pathway involving receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1 kinase, RIPK1), receptor-interacting protein 3 kinase (RIP3 kinase, RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL). The potential involvement of this programmed cell death pathway in the pathogenesis of PD has been studied by analysing biomarkers for necroptosis, such as the levels and oligomerization of phosphorylated RIPK3 (pRIPK3) and phosphorylated MLKL (pMLKL), in several PD preclinical models and in PD human tissue. Although there is evidence that other types of cell death also have a role in DA neuron death, most studies support the hypothesis that this cell death mechanism is activated in PD tissues. Drugs that prevent or reduce necroptosis may provide neuroprotection for PD. In this review, we summarize the findings from these studies. We also discuss how manipulating necroptosis might open a novel therapeutic approach to reduce neuronal degeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jenny Sassone
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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19
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Prescott TJ, Montes González FM, Gurney K, Humphries MD, Redgrave P. Simulated Dopamine Modulation of a Neurorobotic Model of the Basal Ganglia. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:139. [PMID: 38534824 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate basal ganglia play an important role in action selection-the resolution of conflicts between alternative motor programs. The effective operation of basal ganglia circuitry is also known to rely on appropriate levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. We investigated reducing or increasing the tonic level of simulated dopamine in a prior model of the basal ganglia integrated into a robot control architecture engaged in a foraging task inspired by animal behaviour. The main findings were that progressive reductions in the levels of simulated dopamine caused slowed behaviour and, at low levels, an inability to initiate movement. These states were partially relieved by increased salience levels (stronger sensory/motivational input). Conversely, increased simulated dopamine caused distortion of the robot's motor acts through partially expressed motor activity relating to losing actions. This could also lead to an increased frequency of behaviour switching. Levels of simulated dopamine that were either significantly lower or higher than baseline could cause a loss of behavioural integration, sometimes leaving the robot in a 'behavioral trap'. That some analogous traits are observed in animals and humans affected by dopamine dysregulation suggests that robotic models could prove useful in understanding the role of dopamine neurotransmission in basal ganglia function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J Prescott
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Kevin Gurney
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mark D Humphries
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Redgrave
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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20
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Li L, Liu Z, Hu H, Cai R, Bi J, Wang Q, Zhou X, Luo H, Zhang C, Wan R. Dendrobium Nobile Alcohol Extract Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via hsf-1 and daf-16. Molecules 2024; 29:908. [PMID: 38398658 PMCID: PMC10891841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium nobile is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. However, its antiaging effects are unclear. Herein, we studied the aging-related functions and the mechanism of action of the alcohol extract of Dendrobium nobile (DnAE) in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The results indicated that 1 mg/mL DnAE slowed lipofuscin accumulation, decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species, elevated superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced oxidative and heat stress resistance, extended the lifespan of nematodes, protected their dopamine neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration, and reduced Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. DnAE upregulated the mRNA expression of the transcription factors DAF-16 and HSF-1, promoted the nuclear localization of DAF-16, and enhanced the fluorescence intensity of HSP-16.2. However, it had no effect on the lifespan of DAF-16 mutants. Thus, DnAE can significantly extend lifespan, enhance heat stress tolerance, and delay age-related diseases through a DAF-16-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Renming Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingdou Bi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou 635000, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Huairong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Luzhou City for Aging Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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21
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Turkistani A, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Elfiky MM, Saad HM, Batiha GES. Therapeutic Potential Effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK-3β) Inhibitors in Parkinson Disease: Exploring an Overlooked Avenue. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04003-z. [PMID: 38367137 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) is implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, the purpose of the present review was to revise the mechanistic role of GSK-3β in PD neuropathology, and how GSK-3β inhibitors affect PD neuropathology. GSK-3 is a conserved threonine/serine kinase protein that is intricate in the regulation of cellular anabolic and catabolic pathways by modulating glycogen synthase. Over-expression of GSK-3β is also interconnected with the development of different neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of GSK-3β in PD neuropathology is not fully clarified. Over-expression of GSK-3β induces the development of PD by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the dopaminergic neurons of the SN. NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome are activated in response to dysregulated GSK-3β in PD leading to progressive neuronal injury. Higher expression of GSK-3β in the early stages of PD neuropathology might contribute to the reduction of neuroprotective brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thus, GSK-3β inhibitors may be effective in PD by reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress disorders which are associated with degeneration of dopaminergic in the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Turkistani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Mohamed M Elfiky
- Anatomy Department, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51744, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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22
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Salin P, Melon C, Chassain C, Gubellini P, Pages G, Pereira B, Le Fur Y, Durif F, Kerkerian-Le Goff L. Interhemispheric reactivity of the subthalamic nucleus sustains progressive dopamine neuron loss in asymmetrical parkinsonism. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106398. [PMID: 38182075 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive and asymmetrical degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and the unilateral presentation of the motor symptoms at onset, contralateral to the most impaired hemisphere. We previously developed a rat PD model that mimics these typical features, based on unilateral injection of a substrate inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporters, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), in the substantia nigra (SN). Here, we used this progressive model in a multilevel study (behavioral testing, in vivo 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, slice electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization) to characterize the functional changes occurring in the cortico-basal ganglia-cortical network in an evolving asymmetrical neurodegeneration context and their possible contribution to the cell death progression. We focused on the corticostriatal input and the subthalamic nucleus (STN), two glutamate components with major implications in PD pathophysiology. In the striatum, glutamate and glutamine levels increased from presymptomatic stages in the PDC-injected hemisphere only, which also showed enhanced glutamatergic transmission and loss of plasticity at corticostriatal synapses assessed at symptomatic stage. Surprisingly, the contralateral STN showed earlier and stronger reactivity than the ipsilateral side (increased intraneuronal cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA levels; enhanced glutamate and glutamine concentrations). Moreover, its lesion at early presymptomatic stage halted the ongoing neurodegeneration in the PDC-injected SN and prevented the expression of motor asymmetry. These findings reveal the existence of endogenous interhemispheric processes linking the primary injured SN and the contralateral STN that could sustain progressive dopamine neuron loss, opening new perspectives for disease-modifying treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Salin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Carine Chassain
- University of Clermont Auvergne, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRAE, AgroResonance Facility, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Guilhem Pages
- INRAE, AgroResonance Facility, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatisticis Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yann Le Fur
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Durif
- University of Clermont Auvergne, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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23
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Harini VS, Marimuthu R, Tantry MSA, Santhakumar K. Induction of Paraquat-Mediated Parkinsonian Phenotype in Zebrafish. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e990. [PMID: 38348973 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known neurotoxin closely associated with neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (PD). Zebrafish are utilized as a model for PD research because of their well-defined neuropathology and locomotor behavior. Here, we highlight protocols for inducing PD using PQ and analyzing locomotor activity in adult zebrafish. Basic Protocol 1 details the treatment of adult male zebrafish with 60 mg/kg PQ via intraperitoneal injection to induce a PD-like phenotype, followed by the steps to perform a locomotor assay. Basic Protocol 2 provides step-by-step guidance for processing the acquired videos in ToxTrac software to understand the locomotor parameters of 0.9% saline- and 60 mg/kg PQ-injected adult zebrafish. The simplicity of the treatment strategy, low-cost video acquisition setup, and free video processing make these protocols accessible without prior experience. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Development of Parkinson's disease features in adult zebrafish Basic Protocol 2: ToxTrac analysis for locomotor assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Harini
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghunath Marimuthu
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Ananthakrishna Tantry
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kirankumar Santhakumar
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Cara-Esteban M, Marín MP, Martínez-Alonso E, Martínez-Bellver S, Teruel-Martí V, Martínez-Menárguez JA, Tomás M. The Golgi complex of dopaminergic enteric neurons is fragmented in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:373-386. [PMID: 37855309 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Since gastrointestinal disorders are early consequences of Parkinson's disease (PD), this disease is clearly not restricted to the central nervous system (CNS), but also significantly affects the enteric nervous system (ENS). Large aggregates of the protein α-synuclein forming Lewy bodies, the prototypical cytopathological marker of this disease, have been observed in enteric nervous plexuses. However, their value in early prognosis is controversial. The Golgi complex (GC) of nigral neurons appears fragmented in Parkinson's disease, a characteristic common in most neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the distribution and levels of regulatory proteins such as Rabs and SNAREs are altered, suggesting that PD is a membrane traffic-related pathology. Whether the GC of enteric dopaminergic neurons is affected by the disease has not yet been analyzed. In the present study, dopaminergic neurons in colon nervous plexuses behave as nigral neurons in a hemiparkinsonian rat model based on the injection of the toxin 6-OHDA. Their GCs are fragmented, and some regulatory proteins' distribution and expression levels are altered. The putative mechanisms of the transmission of the neurotoxin to the ENS are discussed. Our results support the possibility that GC structure and the level of some proteins, especially syntaxin 5, could be helpful as early indicators of the disease. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The Golgi complexes of enteric dopaminergic neurons appear fragmented in a Parkinson's disease rat model. Our results support the hypothesis that the Golgi complex structure and levels of Rab1 and syntaxin 5 could be helpful as early indicators of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Cara-Esteban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Cell Biology Platform, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar Marín
- Cell Biology Platform, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Medical School, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Bellver
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Tomás
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Medical School, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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25
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Sturchio A, Rocha EM, Kauffman MA, Marsili L, Mahajan A, Saraf AA, Vizcarra JA, Guo Z, Espay AJ. Recalibrating the Why and Whom of Animal Models in Parkinson Disease: A Clinician's Perspective. Brain Sci 2024; 14:151. [PMID: 38391726 PMCID: PMC10887152 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been used to gain pathophysiologic insights into Parkinson's disease (PD) and aid in the translational efforts of interventions with therapeutic potential in human clinical trials. However, no disease-modifying therapy for PD has successfully emerged from model predictions. These translational disappointments warrant a reappraisal of the types of preclinical questions asked of animal models. Besides the limitations of experimental designs, the one-size convergence and oversimplification yielded by a model cannot recapitulate the molecular diversity within and between PD patients. Here, we compare the strengths and pitfalls of different models, review the discrepancies between animal and human data on similar pathologic and molecular mechanisms, assess the potential of organoids as novel modeling tools, and evaluate the types of questions for which models can guide and misguide. We propose that animal models may be of greatest utility in the evaluation of molecular mechanisms, neural pathways, drug toxicity, and safety but can be unreliable or misleading when used to generate pathophysiologic hypotheses or predict therapeutic efficacy for compounds with potential neuroprotective effects in humans. To enhance the translational disease-modification potential, the modeling must reflect the biology not of a diseased population but of subtypes of diseased humans to distinguish What data are relevant and to Whom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sturchio
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Emily M Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marcelo A Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires C1221ADC, Argentina
| | - Luca Marsili
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Abhimanyu Mahajan
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Ameya A Saraf
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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Sanfeliu C, Bartra C, Suñol C, Rodríguez-Farré E. New insights in animal models of neurotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1248727. [PMID: 38260026 PMCID: PMC10800989 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1248727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is an unintended consequence of the high longevity of the population, together with the lack of effective preventive and therapeutic options. There is great pressure on preclinical research, and both old and new models of neurodegenerative diseases are required to increase the pipeline of new drugs for clinical testing. We review here the main models of neurotoxicity-based animal models leading to central neurodegeneration. Our main focus was on studying how changes in neurotransmission and neuroinflammation, mainly in rodent models, contribute to harmful processes linked to neurodegeneration. The majority of the models currently in use mimic Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are the most common neurodegenerative conditions in older adults. AD is the most common age-related dementia, whereas PD is the most common movement disorder with also cases of dementia. Several natural toxins and xenobiotic agents induce dopaminergic neurodegeneration and can reproduce neuropathological traits of PD. The literature analysis of MPTP, 6-OH-dopamine, and rotenone models suggested the latter as a useful model when specific doses of rotenone were administrated systemically to C57BL/6 mice. Cholinergic neurodegeneration is mainly modelled with the toxin scopolamine, which is a useful rodent model for the screening of protective drugs against cognitive decline and AD. Several agents have been used to model neuroinflammation-based neurodegeneration and dementia in AD, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), streptozotocin, and monomeric C-reactive protein. The bacterial agent LPS makes a useful rodent model for testing anti-inflammatory therapies to halt the development and severity of AD. However, neurotoxin models might be more useful than genetic models for drug discovery in PD but that is not the case in AD where they cannot beat the new developments in transgenic mouse models. Overall, we should work using all available models, either in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, considering the seriousness of the moment and urgency of developing effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bartra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Biotechnology, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Suñol
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Rodríguez-Farré
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Chaudhary R, Singh R. Therapeutic Viewpoint on Rat Models of Locomotion Abnormalities and Neurobiological Indicators in Parkinson's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:488-503. [PMID: 37202886 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230518111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotion problems in Parkinson's syndrome are still a research and treatment difficulty. With the recent introduction of brain stimulation or neuromodulation equipment that is sufficient to monitor activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, new locomotion investigations in patients having the capacity to move freely have sprung up. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to find rat models and locomotion-connected neuronal indicators and use them all over a closed-loop system to enhance the future and present treatment options available for Parkinson's disease. METHODS Various publications on locomotor abnormalities, Parkinson's disease, animal models, and other topics have been searched using several search engines, such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Research Gate, and PubMed. RESULTS Based on the literature, we can conclude that animal models are used for further investigating the locomotion connectivity deficiencies of many biological measuring devices and attempting to address unanswered concerns from clinical and non-clinical research. However, translational validity is required for rat models to contribute to the improvement of upcoming neurostimulation-based medicines. This review discusses the most successful methods for modelling Parkinson's locomotion in rats. CONCLUSION This review article has examined how scientific clinical experiments lead to localised central nervous system injuries in rats, as well as how the associated motor deficits and connection oscillations reflect this. This evolutionary process of therapeutic interventions may help to improve locomotion- based treatment and management of Parkinson's syndrome in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
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28
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Gątarek P, Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis of plasma lipid metabolism in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:13-25. [PMID: 38346207 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2315193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics and proteomics are two growing fields of science which may shed light on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Studies focusing on these aspects can reveal specific metabolites and proteins that can halt or reverse the progressive neurodegenerative process leading to dopaminergic cell death in the brain. AREAS COVERED In this article, an overview of the current status of metabolomic and proteomic profiling in the neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is presented. We discuss the importance of state-of-the-art metabolomics and proteomics using advanced analytical methodologies and their potential for discovering new biomarkers in PD. We critically review the research to date, highlighting how metabolomics and proteomics can have an important impact on early disease diagnosis, future therapy development and the identification of new biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss interactions between lipids and α-synuclein (SNCA) and also consider the role of SNCA in lipid metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Metabolomic and proteomic studies contribute to understanding the biological basis of PD pathogenesis, identifying potential biomarkers and introducing new therapeutic strategies. The complexity and multifactorial nature of this disease requires a comprehensive approach, which can be achieved by integrating just these two omic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gątarek
- Institute Of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- CONEM Poland Chemistry and Nutrition Research Group, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute Of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- CONEM Poland Chemistry and Nutrition Research Group, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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29
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Al-Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK. The conceivable role of prolactin hormone in Parkinson disease: The same goal but with different ways. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102075. [PMID: 37714384 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease (NDD) of the brain. It has been reported that prolactin (PRL) hormone plays a differential effect in PD, may be increasing, reduced or unaffected. PRL level is dysregulated in different neurodegenerative disorders including PD. Preclinical and clinical studies pointed out that PRL may has a neuroprotective against PD neuropathology . Though, the mechanistic role of PRL in PD is not fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to clarify the potential role and mechanistic pathway of PRL in PD neuropathology. The present review highlighted that PRL appears to have a neuroprotective effect against PD neuropathology by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, antioxidant effects and by inhibiting neuroinflammation. Thus, preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Science, University of Technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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30
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Bhatt R, Vaishnav D, Airao V, Sharma T, Rachamalla M, Mani S, Gupta AK, Upadhye V, Jha SK, Jha NK, Parmar S. Neuroprotective potential of saroglitazar in 6-OHDA induced Parkinson's disease in rats. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:955-971. [PMID: 37518817 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2%-3% of the population worldwide. Clinical presentation of PD includes motor and non-motor symptoms. The interplay between pathogenic factors such as increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are responsible for neurodegeneration in PD. Intrastriatal administration of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) in rat brain provoked oxidative and nitrosative stress by decreasing endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Consequently, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis-α, interferon-γ and cyclooxygenase-2 mediated neuroinflammation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, involving inhibition of complex-II and IV activities, followed by apoptosis and degeneration of striatal dopaminergic neurons. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons resulted in reduced dopamine turnover, consequently induced behavioural abnormalities in rats. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have protective role in PD by modulating response of antioxidant enzymes, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in various animal models of PD. Saroglitazar (SG) being dual PPAR-α/γ agonist activates both PPAR-α and PPAR-γ receptors and provide neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of dopaminergic cells in 6-OHDA induced PD in rats. Thereby, SG restored striatal histopathological damage and dopamine concentration in rat striatum, and behavioural alterations in rats. Thus, SG proved neuroprotective effects in rat model of PD. Potential benefits of SG in rat model of PD advocates to consider it for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Devendra Vaishnav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Vishal Airao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Tejas Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Emerging Disease, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Upadhye
- Centre of Research for Development (CR4D) and Department of Microbiology, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sachin Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
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31
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Valadez-Barba V, Juárez-Navarro K, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz NF, Guerra-Mora JR, Díaz-Martínez NE. Parkinson's disease: an update on preclinical studies of induced pluripotent stem cells. Neurologia 2023; 38:681-694. [PMID: 37858889 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease among adults worldwide. It is characterised by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in some cases, presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, called Lewy bodies, a pathognomonic sign of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of PD is based on the presence of motor alterations. The treatments currently available have no neuroprotective effect. The exact causes of PD are poorly understood. Therefore, more precise preclinical models have been developed in recent years that use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In vitro studies can provide new information on PD pathogenesis and may help to identify new therapeutic targets or to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valadez-Barba
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - K Juárez-Navarro
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - N F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - J R Guerra-Mora
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N E Díaz-Martínez
- Biotecnología Medica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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32
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Zhu W, Neuwirth LS, Cadet P. Regulation of the Endogenous Opiate Signaling Pathway against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Considerable Approach for Exploring Preclinical Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacology 2023; 108:550-564. [PMID: 37820589 DOI: 10.1159/000533775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress and inflammation are major factors contributing to the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have demonstrated that morphine's biosynthetic pathway, coupled with nitric oxide (NO) release, is evolutionarily conserved throughout animals and humans. Moreover, dopamine is a key precursor for morphine biosynthesis. METHOD The present study evaluated a series of preclinical experiments to evaluate the effects of low-level morphine treatment upon neuro-immune tissues exposed to rotenone and 6-OHDA as models of PD, followed by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell proliferation assay and cell/tissue computer-assisted imaging analyses to assess cell/neuronal viability. RESULTS Morphine at normal physiological concentrations (i.e., 10-6 M and 10-7 M) provided neuroprotection, as it significantly inhibited rotenone and 6-OHDA dopaminergic insults; thereby, reducing and/or forestalling cell death in invertebrate ganglia and human nerve cells. To ensure that morphine caused this neuroprotective effect, naloxone, a potent opiate receptor antagonist, was employed and the results showed that it blocked morphine's neuroprotective effects. Additionally, co-incubation of NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME also blocked morphine's neuroprotective effects against rotenone and 6-OHDA insults. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present preclinical study showed that while morphine can attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and cell death, both naloxone and L-NAME can abolish this effect. Preincubation of morphine precursors (i.e., L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, reticuline, and trihexyphenidyl [THP] at physiological concentrations) mimics the observed morphine effect. However, high concentrations of THP, a precursor of the morphine biosynthetic pathway, induced cell death, indicating the physiological importance of morphine biosynthesis in neural tissues. Thus, understanding the morphine biosynthetic pathway coupled with a NO signaling mechanism as a molecular target for neuroprotection against oxidative stress and inflammation in other preclinical models of PD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Lorenz S Neuwirth
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Cadet
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute (NRI), Old Westbury, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, New York, USA
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Bilal B, Kirazlar M, Erdogan MA, Yigitturk G, Erbas O. Lacosamide exhibits neuroprotective effects in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 132:102311. [PMID: 37442244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the motor system. Although there are several treatments available to alleviate PD symptoms, there is currently no cure for the disease. Lacosamide, an anti-epileptic drug, has shown promising results in preclinical studies as a potential neuroprotective agent for PD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of lacosamide in a murine model of PD. METHODS Twenty-one adult male rats were randomly divided into the following three groups (n = 7): 1 group received stereotaxical infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle, group 1), and the others received stereotaxical infusion of rotenone (groups 2 and 3). The apomorphine-induced rotation test was applied to the rats after 10 days. Thereafter, group 2 was administered isotonic saline, whereas group 3 was administered lacosamide (20 mg/kg,i.p.) for 28 days. Apomorphine-induced rotation tests were performed to assess the effect of lacosamide on motor function. In addition, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry were used to assess the dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra and MDA, TNF-α and HVA levels, respectively. RESULTS In rats with Parkinson's disease induced by rotenone, levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α significantly increased and HVA levels decreased, whereas in mice treated with lacosamide, levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α significantly decreased and HVA levels increased. The apomorphine-induced rotation test scores of lacosamide-treated mice were lower compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, treatment with lacosamide significantly mitigated the degeneration of dopaminergic projections within the striatum originating from the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence, indicative of preserved dopaminergic neuronal function. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study provides evidence that lacosamide has a neuroprotective effect on the rat model of PD. Further studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the potential clinical use of lacosamide as a neuroprotective agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Bilal
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kirazlar
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mumin Alper Erdogan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Istanbul Demiroglu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ortega Moreno L, Bagues A, Martínez V, Abalo R. New Pieces for an Old Puzzle: Approaching Parkinson's Disease from Translatable Animal Models, Gut Microbiota Modulation, and Lipidomics. Nutrients 2023; 15:2775. [PMID: 37375679 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by disabling motor alterations that are diagnosed at a relatively late stage in its development, and non-motor symptoms, including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract (mainly constipation), which start much earlier than the motor symptoms. Remarkably, current treatments only reduce motor symptoms, not without important drawbacks (relatively low efficiency and impactful side effects). Thus, new approaches are needed to halt PD progression and, possibly, to prevent its development, including new therapeutic strategies that target PD etiopathogeny and new biomarkers. Our aim was to review some of these new approaches. Although PD is complex and heterogeneous, compelling evidence suggests it might have a gastrointestinal origin, at least in a significant number of patients, and findings in recently developed animal models strongly support this hypothesis. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiome, mainly through probiotics, is being tested to improve motor and non-motor symptoms and even to prevent PD. Finally, lipidomics has emerged as a useful tool to identify lipid biomarkers that may help analyze PD progression and treatment efficacy in a personalized manner, although, as of today, it has only scarcely been applied to monitor gut motility, dysbiosis, and probiotic effects in PD. Altogether, these new pieces should be helpful in solving the old puzzle of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ortega Moreno
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ana Bagues
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Experimental Pharmacology (PHARMAKOM-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System (NeuGut-URJC), University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Associated I+D+i Unit to the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry (IQM), Scientific Research Superior Council (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Pain and Analgesia of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Working Group of Basic Sciences on Cannabinoids of the Spanish Pain Society, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Shalaby RA, Qureshi MM, Khan MA, Salam SMA, Kwon HS, Lee KH, Chung E, Kim YR. Photobiomodulation therapy restores olfactory function impaired by photothrombosis in mouse olfactory bulb. Exp Neurol 2023:114462. [PMID: 37295546 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ischemic stroke typically accompanies numerous disorders ranging from somatosensory dysfunction to cognitive impairments, inflicting patients with various neurologic symptoms. Among pathologic outcomes, post-stroke olfactory dysfunctions are frequently observed. Despite the well-known prevalence, therapy options for such compromised olfaction are limited, likely due to the complexity of olfactory bulb architecture, which encompasses both the peripheral and central nervous systems. As photobiomodulation (PBM) emerged for treating ischemia-associated symptoms, the effectiveness of PBM on stroke-induced impairment of olfactory function was explored. Novel mouse models with olfactory dysfunctions were prepared using photothrombosis (PT) in the olfactory bulb on day 0. The post-PT PBM was performed daily from day 2 to day 7 by irradiating the olfactory bulb via an 808 nm laser with a fluence of 40 J/cm2 (325 mW/cm2 for 2 min per day). The buried food test (BFT) was used to score behavioral acuity in food-deprived mice to assess the olfactory function before PT, after PT, and after PBM. Histopathological examinations and cytokine assays were performed on the mouse brains harvested on day 8. The results from BFT were specific to an individual, with positive correlations between the baseline latency time measured before PT and its alteration at the ensuing stages for both the PT and PT + PBM groups. Also, the correlation analysis in both groups showed highly similar, significant positive relationships between the early and late latency time change independent of PBM, implicating a common recovery mechanism. Particularly, PBM treatment accelerated the recovery of impaired olfaction following PT by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and enhancing both glial and vascular factors (e.g., GFAP, IBA-1, and CD31). PBM therapy during the acute phase of ischemia improves the compromised olfactory function by modulating microenvironments and inflammation status of the affected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Shalaby
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Qureshi
- Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Princess Margret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohd Afzal Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - S M Abdus Salam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), South Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), South Korea.
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea; AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
| | - Young Ro Kim
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Khan E, Hasan I, Haque ME. Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Different Animal Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109088. [PMID: 37240432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease modeling in non-human subjects is an essential part of any clinical research. To gain proper understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of any disease, experimental models are required to replicate the disease process. Due to the huge diversity in pathophysiology and prognosis in different diseases, animal modeling is customized and specific accordingly. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder coupled with varying forms of physical and mental disabilities. The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease are associated with the accumulation of misfolded protein called α-synuclein as Lewy body, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) area affecting the patient's motor activity. Extensive research has already been conducted regarding animal modeling of Parkinson's diseases. These include animal systems with induction of Parkinson's, either pharmacologically or via genetic manipulation. In this review, we will be summarizing and discussing some of the commonly employed Parkinson's disease animal model systems and their applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engila Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ikramul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Goralski T, Meyerdirk L, Breton L, Brasseur L, Kurgat K, DeWeerd D, Turner L, Becker K, Adams M, Newhouse D, Henderson MX. Spatial transcriptomics reveals molecular dysfunction associated with Lewy pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541144. [PMID: 37292685 PMCID: PMC10245657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lewy pathology composed of α-synuclein is the key pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), found both in dopaminergic neurons that control motor function, and throughout cortical regions that control cognitive function. Recent work has investigated which dopaminergic neurons are most susceptible to death, but little is known about which neurons are vulnerable to developing Lewy pathology and what molecular changes an aggregate induces. In the current study, we use spatial transcriptomics to selectively capture whole transcriptome signatures from cortical neurons with Lewy pathology compared to those without pathology in the same brains. We find, both in PD and in a mouse model of PD, that there are specific classes of excitatory neurons that are vulnerable to developing Lewy pathology in the cortex. Further, we identify conserved gene expression changes in aggregate-bearing neurons that we designate the Lewy-associated molecular dysfunction from aggregates (LAMDA) signature. This gene signature indicates that neurons with aggregates downregulate synaptic, mitochondrial, ubiquitin-proteasome, endo-lysosomal, and cytoskeletal genes and upregulate DNA repair and complement/cytokine genes. However, beyond DNA repair gene upregulation, we find that neurons also activate apoptotic pathways, suggesting that if DNA repair fails, neurons undergo programmed cell death. Our results identify neurons vulnerable to Lewy pathology in the PD cortex and identify a conserved signature of molecular dysfunction in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Goralski
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Lindsay Meyerdirk
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Libby Breton
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Laura Brasseur
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Kevin Kurgat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | - Daniella DeWeerd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael X. Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD
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Martins AC, Lima IS, Pêgo AC, Sá Pereira I, Martins G, Kapitão A, Gozzelino R. Pro-Inflammatory Priming of the Brain: The Underlying Cause of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097949. [PMID: 37175654 PMCID: PMC10178666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Aging is considered the main risk factor for the development of idiopathic PD. However, immunity and inflammation play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. In mice, we showed that pro-inflammatory priming of the brain sensitizes to severe PD development, regardless of animal age. Age-related sub-acute inflammation, as well as the activation of the immune response upon exposure to harmful stimuli, enhances PD manifestations. The severity of PD is influenced by the engagement of host resistance mechanisms against infection based on the removal of iron (Fe) from the circulation. The sequestration of Fe by immune cells prevents pathogens from proliferating. However, it leads to the formation of a Fe-loaded circulating compartment. When entering the brain through a compromised blood-brain barrier, Fe-loaded immune cells contribute to enhancing neuroinflammation and brain Fe overload. Thus, pro-inflammatory priming of the brain exacerbates neuronal damage and represents a risk factor for the development of severe PD symptoms. Further investigations are now required to better understand whether therapeutic interventions inhibiting this phenomenon might protect against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Martins
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Illyane Sofia Lima
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pêgo
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Sá Pereira
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gracelino Martins
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonino Kapitão
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raffaella Gozzelino
- NOVA Medical School Research, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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Fedoseyeva VB, Novosadova EV, Nenasheva VV, Novosadova LV, Grivennikov IA, Tarantul VZ. Activation of Embryonic Gene Transcription in Neural Precursor Cells Derived from the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells of the Patients with Parkinson's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:515-525. [PMID: 37080937 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Despite numerous studies, the causes of this pathology remain completely unknown. This is, among other things, due to the difficulty of obtaining biological material for analysis. Neural cell cultures derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) provide a great potential for studying molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of PD. This paper presents the results of bioinformatic analysis of the data obtained using RNA-seq technology in the study of neural precursors (NP) derived from IPSCs of the healthy donors and patients with PD carrying various mutations that are commonly associated with familial PD. This analysis showed that the level of transcription of multiple genes actively expressed in the nervous system at the embryonic stage of development was significantly increased in the NP cells obtained from the patients with PD, unlike in the case of healthy donors. Bioinformatic data have been, in general, confirmed using real-time PCR. The obtained data suggest that one of the causes of PD may be the shift of the gene expression pattern in neuronal cells towards embryonic gene expression pattern (termed dematuration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viya B Fedoseyeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia.
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Ibarra-Gutiérrez MT, Serrano-García N, Orozco-Ibarra M. Rotenone-Induced Model of Parkinson's Disease: Beyond Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1929-1948. [PMID: 36593435 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually diagnosed through motor symptoms that make the patient incapable of carrying out daily activities; however, numerous non-motor symptoms include olfactory disturbances, constipation, depression, excessive daytime sleepiness, and rapid eye movement at sleep; they begin years before motor symptoms. Therefore, several experimental models have been studied to reproduce several PD functional and neurochemical characteristics; however, no model mimics all the PD motor and non-motor symptoms to date, which becomes a limitation for PD study. It has become increasingly relevant to find ways to study the disease from its slowly progressive nature. The experimental models most frequently used to reproduce PD are based on administering toxic chemical compounds, which aim to imitate dopamine deficiency. The most used toxic compounds to model PD have been 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which inhibit the complex I of the electron transport chain but have some limitations. Another toxic compound that has drawn attention recently is rotenone, the classical inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I. Rotenone triggers the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein inclusions formation in rats; also, rotenone induces microtubule destabilization. This review presents information about the experimental model of PD induced by rotenone, emphasizing its molecular characteristics beyond the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Ibarra-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877 Col. La Fama, Tlalpan, C.P. 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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Kang EJ, Jang SM, Lee YJ, Jeong YJ, Kim YJ, Kang SS, Ahn EH. The couple of netrin-1/α-Synuclein regulates the survival of dopaminergic neurons via α-Synuclein disaggregation. BMB Rep 2023; 56. [PMID: 36751943 PMCID: PMC9978362 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2023-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation and aggregation of the misfolded α-synuclein protein is the neuropathological hallmark of all α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. The secreted proteins known as netrins (netrin-1, netrin-3, and netrin-4) are related to laminin and have a role in the molecular pathway for axon guidance and cell survival. Interestingly, only netrin-1 is significantly expressed in the substantia nigra (SN) of healthy adult brains and its expression inversely correlates with that of α-synuclein, which prompted us to look into the role of α-synuclein and netrin-1 molecular interaction in the future of dopaminergic neurons. Here, we showed that netrin-1 and α-synuclein directly interacted in pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) generation test, real time binding assay, and co-immunoprecipitation with neurotoxin treated cell lysates. Netrin-1 deficiency appeared to activate the dopaminergic neuronal cell death signal pathway via α-synuclein aggregation and hyperphosphorylation of α-synuclein S129. Taken together, netrin-1 can be a promising therapeutic molecule in Parkinson's disease. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 126-131].
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seung Min Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ye Ji Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ye Ji Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea, GA 30322, USA
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seong Su Kang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Eun Hee Ahn
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-33-248-2583; Fax: +82-33-248-3201; E-mail:
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Use of invertebrates to model chemically induced parkinsonism-symptoms. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:435-445. [PMID: 36645005 PMCID: PMC9987996 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurological diseases is currently growing due to the combination of several factor, including poor lifestyle and environmental imbalance which enhance the contribution of genetic factors. Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic and progressive neurological condition, is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative human diseases. Development of models may help to understand its pathophysiology. This review focuses on studies using invertebrate models to investigate certain chemicals that generate parkinsonian-like symptoms models. Additionally, we report some preliminary results of our own research on a crustacean (the crab Ucides cordatus) and a solitary ascidian (Styela plicata), used after induction of parkinsonism with 6-hydroxydopamine and the pesticide rotenone, respectively. We also discuss the advantages, limits, and drawbacks of using invertebrate models to study PD. We suggest prospects and directions for future investigations of PD, based on invertebrate models.
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PPARs and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson's Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in α-Synucleinopathy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043264. [PMID: 36834679 PMCID: PMC9963164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common α-synucleinopathy worldwide. The pathognomonic hallmark of PD is the misfolding and propagation of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, observed in post-mortem histopathology. It has been hypothesized that α-synucleinopathy triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, leading to neurodegeneration. To this date, there are no disease-modifying drugs that generate neuroprotection against these neuropathological events and especially against α-synucleinopathy. Growing evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists confer neuroprotective effects in PD, however, whether they also confer an anti-α-synucleinopathy effect is unknown. Here we analyze the reported therapeutic effects of PPARs, specifically the gamma isoform (PPARγ), in preclinical PD animal models and clinical trials for PD, and we suggest possible anti-α-synucleinopathy mechanisms acting downstream from these receptors. Elucidating the neuroprotective mechanisms of PPARs through preclinical models that mimic PD as closely as possible will facilitate the execution of better clinical trials for disease-modifying drugs in PD.
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Huang SY, Su ZY, Han YY, Liu L, Shang YJ, Mai ZF, Zeng ZW, Li CH. Cordycepin improved the cognitive function through regulating adenosine A 2A receptors in MPTP induced Parkinson's disease mice model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154649. [PMID: 36634379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). In addition to severe motor dysfunction, PD patients appear apparent cognitive impairments in the late stage. Cognitive dysfunction is accompanied by synaptic transmission damage in the hippocampus. Cordycepin has been reported to alleviate cognitive impairments in neurodegenerative diseases. PURPOSE The study aimed to estimate the protection roles of cordycepin on cognitive dysfunction in PD model and explore the potential mechanisms. METHODS 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was used to establish the PD model in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiments, the C57BL / 6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with MPTP and intragastric administration with cordycepin. Open field test (OFT) was used to estimate the exercise ability. Spontaneous alternation behavioral (SAB) and morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities. The hippocampal slices from C57BL / 6 and Kunming mice in the in vitro experiments were used to record field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) by electrophysiological methods. Western blotting was used to examine the level of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the in vivo experiments and the levels of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR) in the in vitro experiments, respectively. The drugs of MPTP, cordycepin, DPCPX and SCH58261 were perfused through dissolving in artificial cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS Cordycepin could significantly reduce the impairments on motor, exploration, spatial learning and memory induce by MPTP. MPTP reduced the amplitude of LTP in hippocampal CA1 area but cordycepin could improve LTP amplitudes. Cordycepin at dosage of 20 mg/kg also increased the TH level in SN. In the in vitro experiments, MPTP inhibited synaptic transmission in hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 pathway with a dose-dependent relationship, while cordycepin could reverse the inhibition of synaptic transmission. Furthermore, the roles of cordycepin on synaptic transmission could been attenuated in the presence of the antagonists of A1R and A2AR, DPCPX and SCH58261, respectively. Interestingly, the level of A2AR rather than A1R in hippocampus was significantly decreased in the cordycepin group as compared to the control. CONCLUSION The present study has showed that cordycepin could improve cognitive function in the PD model induced by MPTP through regulating the adenosine A2A receptors. These findings were helpful to provide a new strategy for the dementia caused by Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Huang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zong-Ying Su
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ying-Jie Shang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zi-Fan Mai
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zeng
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Turkez H, Altay O, Yildirim S, Li X, Yang H, Bayram C, Bolat I, Oner S, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Arif M, Yulug B, Hanoglu L, Cankaya S, Lam S, Velioglu HA, Coskun E, Idil E, Nogaylar R, Ozsimsek A, Hacimuftuoglu A, Shoaie S, Zhang C, Nielsen J, Borén J, Uhlén M, Mardinoglu A. Combined metabolic activators improve metabolic functions in the animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2023; 314:121325. [PMID: 36581096 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Integrative analysis of human clinical data and animal studies have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in the progression of NDDs. Previously, we have reported that the combined metabolic activators (CMA), which include the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione can be utilized to alleviate metabolic disorders by activating mitochondrial metabolism. METHODS We first analysed the brain transcriptomics data from AD patients and controls using a brain-specific genome-scale metabolic model (GEM). Then, we investigated the effect of CMA administration in animal models of AD and PD. We evaluated pathological and immunohistochemical findings of brain and liver tissues. Moreover, PD rats were tested for locomotor activity and apomorphine-induced rotation. FINDINGS Analysis of transcriptomics data with GEM revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the underlying molecular pathways of AD. In animal models of AD and PD, we showed significant damage in the high-fat diet groups' brain and liver tissues compared to the chow diet. The histological analyses revealed that hyperemia, degeneration and necrosis in neurons were improved by CMA administration in both AD and PD animal models. These findings were supported by immunohistochemical evidence of decreased immunoreactivity in neurons. In parallel to the improvement in the brain, we also observed dramatic metabolic improvement in the liver tissue. CMA administration also showed a beneficial effect on behavioural functions in PD rats. INTERPRETATION Overall, we showed that CMA administration significantly improved behavioural scores in parallel with the neurohistological outcomes in the AD and PD animal models and is a promising treatment for improving the metabolic parameters and brain functions in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Altay
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Sena Oner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Burak Yulug
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Seyda Cankaya
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Simon Lam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Halil Aziz Velioglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience Lab, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Neuroimaging Lab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ebru Coskun
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Idil
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Rahim Nogaylar
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozsimsek
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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In Vitro 3D Modeling of Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010093. [PMID: 36671665 PMCID: PMC9855033 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is very complex due to the difficulty in investigating the cellular dynamics within nervous tissue. Despite numerous advances in the in vivo study of these diseases, the use of in vitro analyses is proving to be a valuable tool to better understand the mechanisms implicated in these diseases. Although neural cells remain difficult to obtain from patient tissues, access to induced multipotent stem cell production now makes it possible to generate virtually all neural cells involved in these diseases (from neurons to glial cells). Many original 3D culture model approaches are currently being developed (using these different cell types together) to closely mimic degenerative nervous tissue environments. The aim of these approaches is to allow an interaction between glial cells and neurons, which reproduces pathophysiological reality by co-culturing them in structures that recapitulate embryonic development or facilitate axonal migration, local molecule exchange, and myelination (to name a few). This review details the advantages and disadvantages of techniques using scaffolds, spheroids, organoids, 3D bioprinting, microfluidic systems, and organ-on-a-chip strategies to model neurodegenerative diseases.
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Herman S, Djaldetti R, Mollenhauer B, Offen D. CSF-derived extracellular vesicles from patients with Parkinson's disease induce symptoms and pathology. Brain 2023; 146:209-224. [PMID: 35881523 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the gradual appearance of intraneuronal inclusions that are primarily composed of misfolded α-synuclein protein, leading to cytotoxicity and neural death. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that misfolded α-synuclein may spread transcellularly in a prion-like manner, inducing pathological aggregates in healthy neurons, and is disseminated via secretion of extracellular vesicles. Accordingly, extracellular vesicles derived from brain lysates and CSF of patients with Parkinson's disease were shown to facilitate α-synuclein aggregation in healthy cells. Prompted by the hypothesis of Braak and colleagues that the olfactory bulb is one of the primary propagation sites for the initiation of Parkinson's disease, we sought to investigate the role of extracellular vesicles in the spread of α-synuclein and progression of Parkinson's disease through the olfactory bulb. Extracellular vesicles derived from the CSF of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease or with a non-synucleinopathy neurodegenerative disorder were administered intranasally to healthy mice, once daily over 4 days. Three months later, mice were subjected to motor and non-motor tests. Functional impairments were elucidated by histochemical analysis of midbrain structures relevant to Parkinson's disease pathology, 8 months after EVs treatment. Mice treated with extracellular vesicles from the patients with Parkinson's disease displayed multiple symptoms consistent with prodromal and clinical-phase Parkinson's disease such as hyposmia, motor behaviour impairments and high anxiety levels. Furthermore, their midbrains showed widespread α-synuclein aggregations, dopaminergic neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and altered autophagy activity. Several unconventional pathologies were also observed, such as α-synuclein aggregations in the red nucleus, growth of premature grey hair and astrogliosis. Collectively, these data indicate that intranasally administered extracellular vesicles derived from the CSF of patients with Parkinson's disease can propagate α-synuclein aggregation in vivo and trigger Parkinson's disease-like symptoms and pathology in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Herman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Balzano T, Esteban-García N, Blesa J. Neuroinflammation, immune response and α-synuclein pathology: how animal models are helping us to connect dots. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:13-23. [PMID: 36538833 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A key pathological event occurring in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the transneuronal spreading of alpha-synuclein (α-syn). Other hallmarks of PD include neurodegeneration, glial activation, and immune cell infiltration in susceptible brain regions. Although preclinical models can mimic most of the key characteristics of PD, it is crucial to know the biological bases of individual differences between them when choosing one over another, to ensure proper interpretation of the results and to positively influence the outcome of the experiments. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of current preclinical models actively used to study the interplay between α-syn pathology, neuroinflammation and immune response in PD but also to explore new potential preclinical models or emerging therapeutic strategies intended to fulfill the unmet medical needs in this disease. Lastly, this review also considers the current state of the ongoing clinical trials of new drugs designed to target these processes and delay the initiation or progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents have been demonstrated to be very promising candidates for reducing disease progression; however, more efforts are needed to reduce the enormous gap between these and dopaminergic drugs, which have dominated the therapeutic market for the last sixty years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Balzano
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Esteban-García
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III; Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Bone Tissue and the Nervous System: What Do They Have in Common? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010051. [PMID: 36611845 PMCID: PMC9818711 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affecting bone tissues and the brain represent important problems with high socio-economic impact. Certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, are considered risk factors for the progression of neurological disorders. Often, patients with neurodegenerative diseases have bone fractures or reduced mobility linked to osteoarthritis. The bone is a dynamic tissue involved not only in movement but also in the maintenance of mineral metabolism. Bone is also associated with the generation of both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and thus the generation of the immune system, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Bone marrow is a lymphoid organ and contains MSCs and HSCs, both of which are involved in brain health via the production of cytokines with endocrine functions. Hence, it seems clear that bone is involved in the regulation of the neuronal system and vice versa. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the interactions between the nervous system and bone and highlights the importance of the interaction between nerve and bone cells. In addition, experimental models that study the interaction between nerve and skeletal cells are discussed, and innovative models are suggested to better evaluate the molecular interactions between these two cell types.
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Urbi B, Lee Y, Hughes I, Thorning S, Broadley SA, Sabet A, Heshmat S. Effects of cannabinoids in Parkinson's disease animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 6:e100302. [PMID: 36618606 PMCID: PMC9812814 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2022-100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cannabis has been proposed as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) due to its neuroprotective benefits. However, there has been no rigorous review of preclinical studies to evaluate any potential treatment effect. This systematic review was undertaken to provide evidence in support or against a treatment effect of cannabinoids in animal models of PD. Methods Databases were searched for any controlled comparative studies that assessed the effects of any cannabinoid, cannabinoid-based treatment or endocannabinoid transport blocker on behavioural symptoms in PD animal models. Results A total of 41 studies were identified to have met the criteria for this review. 14 of these studies were included in meta-analyses of rotarod, pole and open field tests. Meta-analysis of rotarod tests showed a weighted mean difference of 31.63 s for cannabinoid-treated group compared with control. Meta-analysis of pole tests also showed a positive treatment effect, evidenced by a weighted mean difference of -1.51 s for cannabinoid treat group compared with control. However, meta-analysis of open field test demonstrated a standardised mean difference of only 0.36 indicating no benefit. Conclusion This review demonstrates cannabinoid treatment effects in alleviating motor symptoms of PD animal models and supports the conduct of clinical trials of cannabis in PD population. However, there is no guarantee of successful clinical translation of this outcome because of the many variables that might have affected the results, such as the prevalent unclear and high risk of bias, the different study methods, PD animal models and cannabinoids used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berzenn Urbi
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia,Medicine, Griffith University Faculty of Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yunjoo Lee
- Medicine, Griffith University Faculty of Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian Hughes
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Thorning
- Office for Research Governance and Development, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon A Broadley
- Medicine, Griffith University Faculty of Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia,Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arman Sabet
- Medicine, Griffith University Faculty of Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia,Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saman Heshmat
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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