1
|
Favier M, Martin Garcia E, Icick R, de Almeida C, Jehl J, Desplanque M, Zimmermann J, Henrion A, Mansouri-Guilani N, Mounier C, Ribeiro S, Henderson F, Geoffroy A, Mella S, Poirel O, Bernard V, Fabre V, Li Y, Rosenmund C, Jamain S, Vorspan F, Mourot A, Duriez P, Pinhas L, Maldonado R, Pietrancosta N, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S. The human VGLUT3-pT8I mutation elicits uneven striatal DA signaling, food or drug maladaptive consumption in male mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5691. [PMID: 38971801 PMCID: PMC11227582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic striatal interneurons (ChIs) express the vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) which allows them to regulate the striatal network with glutamate and acetylcholine (ACh). In addition, VGLUT3-dependent glutamate increases ACh vesicular stores through vesicular synergy. A missense polymorphism, VGLUT3-p.T8I, was identified in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and eating disorders (EDs). A mouse line was generated to understand the neurochemical and behavioral impact of the p.T8I variant. In VGLUT3T8I/T8I male mice, glutamate signaling was unchanged but vesicular synergy and ACh release were blunted. Mutant male mice exhibited a reduced DA release in the dorsomedial striatum but not in the dorsolateral striatum, facilitating habit formation and exacerbating maladaptive use of drug or food. Increasing ACh tone with donepezil reversed the self-starvation phenotype observed in VGLUT3T8I/T8I male mice. Our study suggests that unbalanced dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum could be a common mechanism between SUDs and EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Favier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Elena Martin Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romain Icick
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, DMU Neurosciences, APHP.Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, F-75010, France
- INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic optimization in neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, F-75006, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, F-75006, France
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Département de Neurosciences, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Camille de Almeida
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Jehl
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mazarine Desplanque
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Zimmermann
- Neurocure NWFZ, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabelle Henrion
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Nina Mansouri-Guilani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Coline Mounier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Svethna Ribeiro
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Fiona Henderson
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Geoffroy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Mella
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Odile Poirel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Neurocure NWFZ, Charite Universitaetsmedizin, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Florence Vorspan
- Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, DMU Neurosciences, APHP.Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, F-75010, France
- INSERM U1144, "Therapeutic optimization in neuropsychopharmacology", Paris, F-75006, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S1144, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Alexandre Mourot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
- Brain Plasticity Unit, CNRS UMR 8249, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philibert Duriez
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (CMME, Hospital Sainte-Anne), Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (INSERM UMR1266), Paris, France
| | - Leora Pinhas
- PHLIP Mental Health and Painless Medicine clinic, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
- LCBPT, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR 8601, CNRS, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rombaut B, Schepers M, Tiane A, Mussen F, Koole L, Kessels S, Trippaers C, Jacobs R, Wouters K, Willems E, van Veggel L, Koulousakis P, Deluyker D, Bito V, Prickaerts J, Wens I, Brône B, van den Hove DLA, Vanmierlo T. Early Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) Instills Cognitive Resilience in APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Cells 2024; 13:1000. [PMID: 38920631 PMCID: PMC11201979 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia activity can drive excessive synaptic loss during the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is associated with lowered cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) due to cAMP phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B). This study aimed to investigate whether long-term inhibition of PDE4B by A33 (3 mg/kg/day) can prevent synapse loss and its associated cognitive decline in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. This model is characterized by a chimeric mouse/human APP with the Swedish mutation and human PSEN1 lacking exon 9 (dE9), both under the control of the mouse prion protein promoter. The effects on cognitive function of prolonged A33 treatment from 20 days to 4 months of age, was assessed at 7-8 months. PDE4B inhibition significantly improved both the working and spatial memory of APPswe/PSdE9 mice after treatment ended. At the cellular level, in vitro inhibition of PDE4B induced microglial filopodia formation, suggesting that regulation of PDE4B activity can counteract microglia activation. Further research is needed to investigate if this could prevent microglia from adopting their 'disease-associated microglia (DAM)' phenotype in vivo. These findings support the possibility that PDE4B is a potential target in combating AD pathology and that early intervention using A33 may be a promising treatment strategy for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, 3900 Pelt, Belgium
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, 3900 Pelt, Belgium
| | - Femke Mussen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lisa Koole
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Sofie Kessels
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Chloë Trippaers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ruben Jacobs
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Willems
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Lieve van Veggel
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, 3900 Pelt, Belgium
| | - Philippos Koulousakis
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Dorien Deluyker
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), BIOMED, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Virginie Bito
- UHasselt, Cardio & Organ Systems (COST), BIOMED, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (D.D.); (V.B.)
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
| | - Inez Wens
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, 3900 Pelt, Belgium
| | - Bert Brône
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
| | - Daniel L. A. van den Hove
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (B.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (L.K.); (S.K.); (C.T.); (R.J.); (E.W.); (L.v.V.); (P.K.); (I.W.); (B.B.)
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute (MHeNs), Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (J.P.); (D.L.A.v.d.H.)
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, 3900 Pelt, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fazekas CL, Török B, Correia P, Chaves T, Bellardie M, Sipos E, Horváth HR, Gaszner B, Dóra F, Dobolyi Á, Zelena D. The Role of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Type 3 in Social Behavior, with a Focus on the Median Raphe Region. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0332-23.2024. [PMID: 38839305 PMCID: PMC11154661 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0332-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is important for our well-being, and its dysfunctions impact several pathological conditions. Although the involvement of glutamate is undeniable, the relevance of vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGluT3), a specific vesicular transporter, in the control of social behavior is not sufficiently explored. Since midbrain median raphe region (MRR) is implicated in social behavior and the nucleus contains high amount of VGluT3+ neurons, we compared the behavior of male VGluT3 knock-out (KO) and VGluT3-Cre mice, the latter after chemogenetic MRR-VGluT3 manipulation. Appropriate control groups were included. Behavioral test battery was used for social behavior (sociability, social discrimination, social interaction, resident intruder test) and possible confounding factors (open field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze tests). Neuronal activation was studied by c-Fos immunohistochemistry. Human relevance was confirmed by VGluT3 gene expression in relevant human brainstem areas. VGluT3 KO mice exhibited increased anxiety, social interest, but also aggressive behavior in anxiogenic environment and impaired social memory. For KO animals, social interaction induced lower cell activation in the anterior cingulate, infralimbic cortex, and medial septum. In turn, excitation of MRR-VGluT3+ neurons was anxiolytic. Inhibition increased social interest 24 h later but decreased mobility and social behavior in aggressive context. Chemogenetic activation increased the number of c-Fos+ neurons only in the MRR. We confirmed the increased anxiety-like behavior and impaired memory of VGluT3 KO strain and revealed increased, but inadequate, social behavior. MRR-VGluT3 neurons regulated mobility and social and anxiety-like behavior in a context-dependent manner. The presence of VGluT3 mRNA on corresponding human brain areas suggests clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Manon Bellardie
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Eszter Sipos
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Hanga Réka Horváth
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dóra
- Human Brain Bank and Microdissection Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest 1084, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wood OWG, Walby J, Yeung JH, Ke S, Palpagama TH, Turner C, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. Alzheimer's Disease-associated Region-specific Decrease of Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Immunoreactivity inthe Medial Temporal Lobe and Superior Temporal Gyrus. Neuroscience 2024; 546:75-87. [PMID: 38552733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which there are very limited treatment options. Dysfunction of the excitatory neurotransmitter system is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of this condition. Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are key to controlling the quantal release of glutamate. Thus, expressional changes in disease can have implications for aberrant neuronal activity, raising the possibility of a therapeutic target. There is no information regarding the expression of VGLUTs in the human medial temporal lobe in AD, one of the earliest and most severely affected brain regions. This study aimed to quantify and compare the layer-specific expression of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 between control and AD cases in the hippocampus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus. Free-floating fluorescent immunohistochemistry was used to label VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the hippocampus, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus. Sections were imaged using laser-scanning confocal microscopy and transporter densitometric analysis was performed. VGLUT1 density was not significantly different in AD tissue, except lower staining density observed in the dentate gyrus stratum moleculare (p = 0.0051). VGLUT2 expression was not altered in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of AD cases but was significantly lower in the subiculum (p = 0.015) and superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0023). This study indicates a regionally specific vulnerability of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 expression in the medial temporal lobe and superior temporal gyrus in AD. However, the causes and functional consequences of these disturbances need to be further explored to assess VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 as viable therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W G Wood
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Josh Walby
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason H Yeung
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Ke
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thulani H Palpagama
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clinton Turner
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, LabPlus, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vyas A, Doshi G. A cross talk on the role of contemporary biomarkers in depression. Biomarkers 2024; 29:18-29. [PMID: 38261718 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2308834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers can be used to identify determinants of response to various treatments of mental disorders. Evidence to date demonstrates that markers of inflammatory, neurotransmitter, neurotrophic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic function can predict the psychological and physical consequences of depression in individuals, allowing for the development of new therapeutic targets with fewer side effects. Extensive research has included hundreds of potential biomarkers of depression, but their roles in depression, abnormal patients, and how bioinformatics can be used to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis have not been determined or defined. To determine which biomarkers can and cannot be used to predict treatment response, classify patients for specific treatments, and develop targets for new interventions, proprietary strategies, and current research projects need to be tailored.Material and Methods: This review article focuses on - biomarker systems that would help in the further development and expansion of newer targets - which holds great promise for reducing the burden of depression.Results and Discussion: Further, this review point to the inflammatory response, metabolic marker, and microribonucleic acids, long non-coding RNAs, HPA axis which are - related to depression and can serve as future targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Vyas
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonnin EA, Golmohammadi A, Rehm R, Tetzlaff C, Rizzoli SO. High-resolution analysis of bound Ca 2+ in neurons and synapses. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302030. [PMID: 37833073 PMCID: PMC10575792 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a well-known second messenger in all cells, and is especially relevant for neuronal activity. Neuronal Ca2+ is found in different forms, with a minority being freely soluble in the cell and more than 99% being bound to proteins. Free Ca2+ has received much attention over the last few decades, but protein-bound Ca2+ has been difficult to analyze. Here, we introduce correlative fluorescence and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging as a tool to describe bound Ca2+ As expected, bound Ca2+ is ubiquitous. It does not correlate to free Ca2+ dynamics at the whole-neuron level, but does correlate significantly to the intensity of markers for GABAergic pre-synapse and glutamatergic post-synapses. In contrast, a negative correlation to pre-synaptic activity was observed, with lower levels of bound Ca2+ observed in the more active synapses. We conclude that bound Ca2+ may regulate neuronal activity and should receive more attention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Bonnin
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging (MBExC), Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arash Golmohammadi
- Group of Computational Synaptic Physiology, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ronja Rehm
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Tetzlaff
- Group of Computational Synaptic Physiology, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging (MBExC), Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharp T, Collins H. Mechanisms of SSRI Therapy and Discontinuation. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024; 66:21-47. [PMID: 37955823 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2023_452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
SSRIs are one of the most widely used drug therapies in primary care and psychiatry, and central to the management of the most common mental health problems in today's society. Despite this, SSRIs suffer from a slow onset of therapeutic effect and relatively poor efficacy as well as adverse effects, with recent concerns being focused on a disabling SSRI discontinuation syndrome. The mechanism underpinning their therapeutic effect has long shifted away from thinking that SSRIs act simply by increasing 5-HT in the synapse. Rather, a current popular view is that increased 5-HT is just the beginning of a series of complex downstream signalling events, which trigger changes in neural plasticity at the functional and structural level. These changes in plasticity are then thought to interact with neuropsychological processes to enhance re-learning of emotional experiences that ultimately brings about changes in mood. This compelling view of SSRI action is underpinning attempts to understand fast-acting antidepressants, such as ketamine and psychedelic drugs, and aid the development of future therapies. An important gap in the theory is evidence that changes in plasticity are causally linked to relevant behavioural effects. Also, predictions that the SSRI-induced neural plasticity might have applicability in other areas of medicine have not yet been borne out. In contrast to the sophisticated view of the antidepressant action of SSRIs, the mechanism underpinning SSRI discontinuation is little explored. Nevertheless, evidence of rebound increases in 5-HT neuron excitability immediately on cessation of SSRI treatment provide a starting point for future investigation. Indeed, this evidence allows formulation of a mechanistic explanation of SSRI discontinuation which draws on parallels with the withdrawal states of other psychotropic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Helen Collins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woelfle S, Pedro MT, Wagner J, Schön M, Boeckers TM. Expression profiles of the autism-related SHANK proteins in the human brain. BMC Biol 2023; 21:254. [PMID: 37953224 PMCID: PMC10641957 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHANKs are major scaffolding proteins at postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in the central nervous system. Mutations in all three family members have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Despite the pathophysiological importance of SHANK2 and SHANK3 mutations in humans, research on the expression of these proteins is mostly based on rodent model organisms. RESULTS In the present study, cellular and neuropil SHANK2 expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF) staining of post mortem human brain tissue from four male individuals (19 brain regions). Mouse brains were analyzed in comparison to evaluate the degree of phylogenetic conservation. Furthermore, SHANK2 and SHANK3 isoform patterns were compared in human and mouse brain lysates. While isoform expression and subcellular distribution were largely conserved, differences in neuropil levels of SHANK2 were found by IF staining: Maximum expression was concordantly measured in the cerebellum; however, higher SHANK2 expression was detected in the human brainstem and thalamus when compared to mice. One of the lowest SHANK2 levels was found in the human amygdala, a moderately expressing region in mouse. Quantification of SHANK3 IF in mouse brains unveiled a distribution comparable to humans. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data show that the overall expression pattern of SHANK is largely conserved in defined brain regions; however, differences do exist, which need to be considered in the translation of rodent studies. The summarized expression patterns of SHANK2 and SHANK3 should serve as a reference for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria T Pedro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ulm University, Campus Günzburg, Lindenallee 2, 89312, Günzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University and Universitäts- and Rehabilitationskliniken Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wilkinson CS, Blount HL, Davis S, Rojas G, Wu L, Murphy NP, Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Voluntary alcohol intake alters the motivation to seek intravenous oxycodone and neuronal activation during the reinstatement of oxycodone and sucrose seeking. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19174. [PMID: 37932476 PMCID: PMC10628226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid-alcohol polysubstance use is prevalent and worsens treatment outcomes. Here we assessed whether co-consumption of oxycodone and alcohol influence the intake of one another, demand for oxycodone, and the neurocircuitry underlying cue-primed reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking. Male and female rats underwent oxycodone intravenous self-administration (IVSA) with homecage access to alcohol (20% v/v) and/or water immediately after the IVSA session. Next, economic demand for intravenous oxycodone was assessed while access to alcohol and/or water continued. Control rats self-administered sucrose followed by access to alcohol and/or water. Rats underwent a cue-primed reinstatement test and brains were processed for c-fos mRNA expression. While both sexes decreased oxycodone intake if they had access to alcohol, and decreased alcohol intake if they had access to oxycodone, only female oxycodone + alcohol rats exhibited decreased demand elasticity and increased cue-primed reinstatement. Alcohol consumption increased the number of basolateral and central amygdala neurons activated during sucrose and oxycodone reinstatement and the number of ventral and dorsal striatum neurons engaged by sucrose reinstatement. Nucleus accumbens shell dopamine 1 receptor expressing neurons displayed activation patterns consistent with oxycodone reinstatement. Thus, alcohol alters the motivation to seek oxycodone in a sex-dependent manner and the neural circuitry engaged by cue-primed reinstatement of sucrose and oxycodone-seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S Wilkinson
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Harrison L Blount
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shane Davis
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Giselle Rojas
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Niall P Murphy
- Orthodontics Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, 114 Psychology, 945 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Luyo ZNM, Lawrence AB, Stathopoulos TG, Mitrano DA. Localization and neurochemical identity of alpha1-adrenergic receptor-containing elements in the mouse locus coeruleus. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102343. [PMID: 37777094 PMCID: PMC10842017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is the major source for norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and projects to areas involved in learning and memory, reward, arousal, attention, and autonomic functions related to stress. There are three types of adrenergic receptors that respond to NE: alpha1-, alpha2-, and beta-adrenergic receptors. Previous behavioral studies have shown the alpha1-adrenergic receptor (α1AR) to be present in the LC, however, with conflicting results. For example, it was shown that α1ARs in the LC are involved in some of the motivational effects of stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle, which was reduced by α1AR antagonist terazosin. Another study showed that during novelty-induced behavioral activation, the α1AR antagonist prazosin reduced c-fos expression in brain regions known to contain motoric α1ARs, except for the LC, where c-fos expression was enhanced. Despite new research delineating more specific connectivity of the neurons in the LC, and some roles of the adrenergic receptors, the α1ARs have not been localized at the subcellular level. Therefore, in order to gain a greater understanding of the aforementioned studies, we used immunohistochemistry at the electron microscopic (EM) level to determine which neuronal or glial elements in the LC express the α1AR. We hypothesized, based on previous work in the ventral periaqueductal gray area, that the α1AR would be found mainly presynaptically in axon terminals, and possibly in glial elements. Single labeling immunohistochemistry at the EM revealed that about 40% of labeled elements that contained the α1AR were glial elements, while approximately 50% of the labeled neuronal elements were axon terminals or small unmyelinated axons in the LC. Double labeling immunohistochemistry found the α1AR expressed in GFAP-labeled astrocytes, in both GABAergic and glutamatergic axon terminals, and in a portion of the α1AR dendrites, colocalized with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker for noradrenergic neurons). This study sheds light on the neuroanatomical framework underlying the effects of NE and pharmaceuticals acting directly or indirectly on α1ARs in the LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary N M Luyo
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Abigail B Lawrence
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Theodore G Stathopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Darlene A Mitrano
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology & Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalinowski D, Bogus-Nowakowska K, Kozłowska A, Równiak M. The Co-Expression Pattern of Calcium-Binding Proteins with γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Transporters in the Amygdala of the Guinea Pig: Evidence for Glutamatergic Subpopulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15025. [PMID: 37834473 PMCID: PMC10573686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The amygdala has large populations of neurons utilizing specific calcium-binding proteins such as parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), or calretinin (CR). They are considered specialized subsets of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons; however, many of these cells are devoid of GABA or glutamate decarboxylase. The neurotransmitters used by GABA-immunonegative cells are still unknown, but it is suggested that a part may use glutamate. Thus, this study investigates in the amygdala of the guinea pig relationships between PV, CB, or CR-containing cells and GABA transporter (VGAT) or glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2), markers of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, respectively. The results show that although most neurons using PV, CB, and CR co-expressed VGAT, each of these populations also had a fraction of VGLUT2 co-expressing cells. For almost all neurons using PV (~90%) co-expressed VGAT, while ~1.5% of them had VGLUT2. The proportion of neurons using CB and VGAT was smaller than that for PV (~80%), while the percentage of cells with VGLUT2 was larger (~4.5%). Finally, only half of the neurons using CR (~53%) co-expressed VGAT, while ~3.5% of them had VGLUT2. In conclusion, the populations of neurons co-expressing PV, CB, and CR are in the amygdala, primarily GABAergic. However, at least a fraction of neurons in each of them co-express VGLUT2, suggesting that these cells may use glutamate. Moreover, the number of PV-, CB-, and CR-containing neurons that may use glutamate is probably larger as they can utilize VGLUT1 or VGLUT3, which are also present in the amygdala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kalinowski
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
| | - Krystyna Bogus-Nowakowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, pl. Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.B.-N.); (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Srivastav S, Cui X, Varela RB, Kesby JP, Eyles D. Increasing dopamine synthesis in nigrostriatal circuits increases phasic dopamine release and alters dorsal striatal connectivity: implications for schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:69. [PMID: 37798312 PMCID: PMC10556015 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most robust neurochemical abnormalities reported in patients with schizophrenia is an increase in dopamine (DA) synthesis and release, restricted to the dorsal striatum (DS). This hyper functionality is strongly associated with psychotic symptoms and progresses in those who later transition to schizophrenia. To understand the implications of this progressive neurobiology on brain function, we have developed a model in rats which we refer to as EDiPs (Enhanced Dopamine in Prodromal schizophrenia). The EDiPs model features a virally mediated increase in dorsal striatal (DS) DA synthesis capacity across puberty and into adulthood. This protocol leads to progressive changes in behaviour and neurochemistry. Our aim in this study was to explore if increased DA synthesis capacity alters the physiology of DA release and DS connectivity. Using fast scan cyclic voltammetry to assess DA release we show that evoked/phasic DA release is increased in the DS of EDiPs rats, whereas tonic/background levels of DA remain unaffected. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry methods to quantify DS synaptic architecture we show a presynaptic marker for DA release sites (Bassoon) was elevated within TH axons specifically within the DS, consistent with the increased phasic DA release in this region. Alongside changes in DA systems, we also show increased density of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) synapses in the EDiPs DS suggesting changes in cortical connectivity. Our data may prove relevant in understanding the long-term implications for DS function in response to the robust and prolonged increases in DA synthesis uptake and release reported in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Srivastav
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - James P Kesby
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Darryl Eyles
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wilkinson CS, Blount HL, Davis S, Rojas G, Wu L, Murphy NP, Schwendt M, Knackstedt LA. Voluntary alcohol intake alters the motivation to seek intravenous oxycodone and neuronal activation during the reinstatement of oxycodone and sucrose seeking. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.20.549769. [PMID: 37546763 PMCID: PMC10401968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.549769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Opioid-alcohol polysubstance use is prevalent and worsens treatment outcomes. Here we assessed whether co-consumption of oxycodone and alcohol would influence intake of one another, demand for oxycodone, and the neurocircuitry underlying cue-primed reinstatement of oxycodone-seeking. Male and female rats underwent oxycodone intravenous self-administration (IVSA) with access to either alcohol (20% v/v) and water or only water immediately after the IVSA session. Next, economic demand for intravenous oxycodone was assessed while access to alcohol and/or water continued. Control rats self-administered sucrose followed by access to alcohol and/or water. Rats underwent extinction training and brains were processed for c-fos mRNA expression immediately following a cue-primed reinstatement test. While both sexes decreased oxycodone intake if they had access to alcohol, and decreased alcohol intake if they had access to oxycodone, female oxycodone+alcohol rats exhibited decreased demand elasticity for intravenous oxycodone and increased cue-primed reinstatement while male rats did not. Spontaneous withdrawal signs were correlated with oxycodone intake while alcohol intake was correlated with anxiety-like behavior. Alcohol consumption increased the number of basolateral and central amygdala neurons activated during sucrose and oxycodone reinstatement and the number of ventral and dorsal striatum neurons engaged by sucrose reinstatement. Nucleus accumbens shell dopamine 1 receptor containing neurons displayed activation patterns consistent with oxycodone reinstatement. Thus, alcohol alters the motivation to seek oxycodone in a sex-dependent manner and alters the neural circuitry engaged by cue-primed reinstatement of sucrose and oxycodone-seeking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney S. Wilkinson
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Harrison L. Blount
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Shane Davis
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Giselle Rojas
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Marek Schwendt
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lori A. Knackstedt
- Psychology Dept. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eidhof I, Krebbers A, van de Warrenburg B, Schenck A. Ataxia-associated DNA repair genes protect the Drosophila mushroom body and locomotor function against glutamate signaling-associated damage. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1148947. [PMID: 37476399 PMCID: PMC10354283 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1148947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise control of motor movements is of fundamental importance to all behaviors in the animal kingdom. Efficient motor behavior depends on dedicated neuronal circuits - such as those in the cerebellum - that are controlled by extensive genetic programs. Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) provide a valuable entry point into how interactions between genetic programs maintain cerebellar motor circuits. We previously identified a striking enrichment of DNA repair genes in ARCAs. How dysfunction of ARCA-associated DNA repair genes leads to preferential cerebellar dysfunction and impaired motor function is however unknown. The expression of ARCA DNA repair genes is not specific to the cerebellum. Only a limited number of animal models for DNA repair ARCAs exist, and, even for these, the interconnection between DNA repair defects, cerebellar circuit dysfunction, and motor behavior is barely established. We used Drosophila melanogaster to characterize the function of ARCA-associated DNA repair genes in the mushroom body (MB), a structure in the Drosophila central brain that shares structural features with the cerebellum. Here, we demonstrate that the MB is required for efficient startle-induced and spontaneous motor behaviors. Inhibition of synaptic transmission and loss-of-function of ARCA-associated DNA repair genes in the MB affected motor behavior in several assays. These motor deficits correlated with increased levels of MB DNA damage, MB Kenyon cell apoptosis and/or alterations in MB morphology. We further show that expression of genes involved in glutamate signaling pathways are highly, specifically, and persistently elevated in the postnatal human cerebellum. Manipulation of glutamate signaling in the MB induced motor defects, Kenyon cell DNA damage and apoptosis. Importantly, pharmacological reduction of glutamate signaling in the ARCA DNA repair models rescued the identified motor deficits, suggesting a role for aberrant glutamate signaling in ARCA-DNA repair disorders. In conclusion, our data highlight the importance of ARCA-associated DNA repair genes and glutamate signaling pathways to the cerebellum, the Drosophila MB and motor behavior. We propose that glutamate signaling may confer preferential cerebellar vulnerability in ARCA-associated DNA repair disorders. Targeting glutamate signaling could provide an exciting therapeutic entry point in this large group of so far untreatable disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Eidhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alina Krebbers
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Woelfle S, Deshpande D, Feldengut S, Braak H, Del Tredici K, Roselli F, Deisseroth K, Michaelis J, Boeckers TM, Schön M. CLARITY increases sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunostaining in long-term archived human brain tissue. BMC Biol 2023; 21:113. [PMID: 37221592 PMCID: PMC10207789 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post mortem human brain tissue is an essential resource to study cell types, connectivity as well as subcellular structures down to the molecular setup of the central nervous system especially with respect to the plethora of brain diseases. A key method is immunostaining with fluorescent dyes, which allows high-resolution imaging in three dimensions of multiple structures simultaneously. Although there are large collections of formalin-fixed brains, research is often limited because several conditions arise that complicate the use of human brain tissue for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In this study, we developed a clearing approach for immunofluorescence-based analysis of perfusion- and immersion-fixed post mortem human brain tissue, termed human Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging / Immunostaining / In situ hybridization-compatible Tissue-hYdrogel (hCLARITY). hCLARITY is optimized for specificity by reducing off-target labeling and yields very sensitive stainings in human brain sections allowing for super-resolution microscopy with unprecedented imaging of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Moreover, hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease were preserved with hCLARITY, and importantly classical 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or Nissl stainings are compatible with this protocol. hCLARITY is very versatile as demonstrated by the use of more than 30 well performing antibodies and allows for de- and subsequent re-staining of the same tissue section, which is important for multi-labeling approaches, e.g., in super-resolution microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, hCLARITY enables research of the human brain with high sensitivity and down to sub-diffraction resolution. It therefore has enormous potential for the investigation of local morphological changes, e.g., in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, IGradU, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dhruva Deshpande
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Chemical and Systems Biology Department, Stanford School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Simone Feldengut
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section/Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Braak
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section/Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kelly Del Tredici
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section/Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, Ulm University, Helmholtzstraße 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE, Ulm Site, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee JM, Choi YJ, Yoo MC, Yeo SG. Central Facial Nervous System Biomolecules Involved in Peripheral Facial Nerve Injury Responses and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051036. [PMID: 37237902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral facial nerve injury leads to changes in the expression of various neuroactive substances that affect nerve cell damage, survival, growth, and regeneration. In the case of peripheral facial nerve damage, the injury directly affects the peripheral nerves and induces changes in the central nervous system (CNS) through various factors, but the substances involved in these changes in the CNS are not well understood. The objective of this review is to investigate the biomolecules involved in peripheral facial nerve damage so as to gain insight into the mechanisms and limitations of targeting the CNS after such damage and identify potential facial nerve treatment strategies. To this end, we searched PubMed using keywords and exclusion criteria and selected 29 eligible experimental studies. Our analysis summarizes basic experimental studies on changes in the CNS following peripheral facial nerve damage, focusing on biomolecules that increase or decrease in the CNS and/or those involved in the damage, and reviews various approaches for treating facial nerve injury. By establishing the biomolecules in the CNS that change after peripheral nerve damage, we can expect to identify factors that play an important role in functional recovery from facial nerve damage. Accordingly, this review could represent a significant step toward developing treatment strategies for peripheral facial palsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sardar H, Goldstein-Piekarski AN, Giardino WJ. Amygdala neurocircuitry at the interface between emotional regulation and narcolepsy with cataplexy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1152594. [PMID: 37266541 PMCID: PMC10230954 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1152594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by chronic and excessive daytime sleepiness, and sudden intrusion of sleep during wakefulness that can fall into two categories: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 narcolepsy in humans is widely believed to be caused as a result of loss of neurons in the brain that contain the key arousal neuropeptide Orexin (Orx; also known as Hypocretin). Patients with type 1 narcolepsy often also present with cataplexy, the sudden paralysis of voluntary muscles which is triggered by strong emotions (e.g., laughter in humans, social play in dogs, and chocolate in rodents). The amygdala is a crucial emotion-processing center of the brain; however, little is known about the role of the amygdala in sleep/wake and narcolepsy with cataplexy. A collection of reports across human functional neuroimaging analyses and rodent behavioral paradigms points toward the amygdala as a critical node linking emotional regulation to cataplexy. Here, we review the existing evidence suggesting a functional role for the amygdala network in narcolepsy, and build upon a framework that describes relevant contributions from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the extended amygdala, including the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST). We propose that detailed examinations of amygdala neurocircuitry controlling transitions between emotional arousal states may substantially advance progress in understanding the etiology of narcolepsy with cataplexy, leading to enhanced treatment opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haniyyah Sardar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William J. Giardino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
van Hooijdonk CFM, van der Pluijm M, Bosch I, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Booij J, de Haan L, Selten JP, Giessen EVD. The substantia nigra in the pathology of schizophrenia: A review on post-mortem and molecular imaging findings. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:57-77. [PMID: 36640734 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of striatal dopamine is considered to be an important driver of pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia. Despite being one of the main origins of dopaminergic input to the striatum, the (dys)functioning of the substantia nigra (SN) has been relatively understudied in schizophrenia. Hence, this paper aims to review different molecular aspects of nigral functioning in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls by integrating post-mortem and molecular imaging studies. We found evidence for hyperdopaminergic functioning in the SN of patients with schizophrenia (i.e. increased AADC activity in antipsychotic-free/-naïve patients and elevated neuromelanin accumulation). Reduced GABAergic inhibition (i.e. decreased density of GABAergic synapses, lower VGAT mRNA levels and lower mRNA levels for GABAA receptor subunits), excessive glutamatergic excitation (i.e. increased NR1 and Glur5 mRNA levels and a reduced number of astrocytes), and several other disturbances implicating the SN (i.e. immune functioning and copper concentrations) could potentially underlie this nigral hyperactivity and associated striatal hyperdopaminergic functioning in schizophrenia. These results highlight the importance of the SN in schizophrenia pathology and suggest that some aspects of molecular functioning in the SN could potentially be used as treatment targets or biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen F M van Hooijdonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Bosch
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Therese A M J van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dunn GA, Thompson JR, Mitchell AJ, Papadakis S, Selby M, Fair D, Gustafsson HC, Sullivan EL. Perinatal Western-style diet alters serotonergic neurons in the macaque raphe nuclei. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1067479. [PMID: 36704012 PMCID: PMC9872117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neurotransmitter serotonin is a key regulator of neurotransmission, mood, and behavior and is essential in neurodevelopment. Dysfunction in this important neurotransmitter system is connected to behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety. We have previously shown that the developing serotonin system is sensitive to perinatal exposure to Western-style diet (WSD). Methods To advance our hypothesis that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the serotonergic system, we designed a fluorescent immunohistochemistry experiment using antibodies against tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) to probe protein expression in the raphe subnuclei in 13-month-old Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata; n = 22). VGLUT3 has been shown to be coexpressed in TPH2+ cells in the dorsal raphe (DR) and median raphe nucleus (MnR) of rodent raphe nuclei and may provide information about the projection site of serotonergic fibers into the forebrain. We also sought to improve scientific understanding of the heterogeneity of the serotonin production center for the central nervous system, the midbrain raphe nuclei. Results In this immunohistochemical study, we provide the most detailed characterization of the developing primate raphe to date. We utilize multi-level modeling (MLM) to simultaneously probe the contribution of WSD, offspring sex, and raphe anatomical location, to raphe neuronal measurements. Our molecular and morphological characterization revealed that the 13-month-old macaque DR is remarkably similar to that of adult macaques and humans. We demonstrate that vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3), which rodent studies have recently shown can distinguish raphe populations with distinct projection targets and behavioral functions, likewise contributes to the heterogeneity of the primate raphe. Discussion This study provides evidence that perinatal WSD has a long-term impact on the density of serotonin-producing neurons, potentially limiting serotonin availability throughout the brain. Due to the critical involvement of serotonin in development and behavior, these findings provide important insight into the mechanisms by which maternal nutrition and metabolic state influence offspring behavioral outcomes. Finally, these findings could inform future research focused on designing therapeutic interventions to optimize neural development and decrease a child's risk of developing a mental health disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A. Dunn
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | | | - A J Mitchell
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Samantha Papadakis
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Matthew Selby
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Damien Fair
- Masonic Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hanna C. Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elinor L. Sullivan
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Elinor L. Sullivan,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mi Z, Abrahamson EE, Ryu AY, Malek-Ahmadi M, Kofler JK, Fish KN, Sweet RA, Villemagne VL, Schneider JA, Mufson EJ, Ikonomovic MD. Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Changes in the Cortical Default Mode Network During the Clinical and Pathological Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:227-246. [PMID: 37212097 PMCID: PMC10994206 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission may contribute to impaired default mode network (DMN) function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the DMN hub regions, frontal cortex (FC) was suggested to undergo a glutamatergic plasticity response in prodromal AD, while the status of glutamatergic synapses in the precuneus (PreC) during clinical-neuropathological AD progression is not known. OBJECTIVE To quantify vesicular glutamate transporter VGluT1- and VGluT2-containing synaptic terminals in PreC and FC across clinical stages of AD. METHODS Unbiased sampling and quantitative confocal immunofluorescence of cortical VGluT1- and VGluT2-immunoreactive profiles and spinophilin-labeled dendritic spines were performed in cases with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), mild-moderate AD (mAD), or moderate-severe AD (sAD). RESULTS In both regions, loss of VGluT1-positive profile density was seen in sAD compared to NCI, MCI, and mAD. VGluT1-positive profile intensity in PreC did not differ across groups, while in FC it was greater in MCI, mAD, and sAD compared to NCI. VGluT2 measures were stable in PreC while FC had greater VGluT2-positive profile density in MCI compared to sAD, but not NCI or mAD. Spinophilin measures in PreC were lower in mAD and sAD compared to NCI, while in FC they were stable across groups. Lower VGluT1 and spinophilin measures in PreC, but not FC, correlated with greater neuropathology. CONCLUSION Frank loss of VGluT1 in advanced AD relative to NCI occurs in both DMN regions. In FC, an upregulation of VGluT1 protein content in remaining glutamatergic terminals may contribute to this region's plasticity response in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Mi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E. Abrahamson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angela Y. Ryu
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Malek-Ahmadi
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arizona
College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Julia K. Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N. Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Departments of Translational Neurosciences and Neurology,
Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Milos D. Ikonomovic
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA
Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School
of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deryckere A, Woych J, Jaeger ECB, Tosches MA. Molecular Diversity of Neuron Types in the Salamander Amygdala and Implications for Amygdalar Evolution. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2022; 98:61-75. [PMID: 36574764 PMCID: PMC10096051 DOI: 10.1159/000527899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is a complex brain structure in the vertebrate telencephalon, essential for regulating social behaviors, emotions, and (social) cognition. In contrast to the vast majority of neuron types described in the many nuclei of the mammalian amygdala, little is known about the neuronal diversity in non-mammals, making reconstruction of its evolution particularly difficult. Here, we characterize glutamatergic neuron types in the amygdala of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltl. Our single-cell RNA sequencing data indicate the existence of at least ten distinct types and subtypes of glutamatergic neurons in the salamander amygdala. These neuron types are molecularly distinct from neurons in the ventral pallium (VP), suggesting that the pallial amygdala and the VP are two separate areas in the telencephalon. In situ hybridization for marker genes indicates that amygdalar glutamatergic neuron types are located in three major subdivisions: the lateral amygdala, the medial amygdala, and a newly defined area demarcated by high expression of the transcription factor Sim1. The gene expression profiles of these neuron types suggest similarities with specific neurons in the sauropsid and mammalian amygdala. In particular, we identify Sim1+ and Sim1+ Otp+ expressing neuron types, potentially homologous to the mammalian nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) and to hypothalamic-derived neurons of the medial amygdala, respectively. Taken together, our results reveal a surprising diversity of glutamatergic neuron types in the amygdala of salamanders, despite the anatomical simplicity of their brain. These results offer new insights on the cellular and anatomical complexity of the amygdala in tetrapod ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Deryckere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jamie Woych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eliza C. B. Jaeger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Castro CCM, Silva SP, Rabelo LN, Queiroz JPG, Campos LD, Silva LC, Fiuza FP. Age, Education Years, and Biochemical Factors Are Associated with Selective Neuronal Changes in the Elderly Hippocampus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244033. [PMID: 36552799 PMCID: PMC9777473 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain aging involves regional alterations of specific cellular subpopulations in the human hippocampus: a network hub for memory consolidation. The present study investigates whether age, sex, education years, and the concentration of neuropathological and inflammatory proteins influence neuronal-type marker expression in the elderly hippocampus. We analyzed the digital images (1 µm/pixel) of postmortem hippocampal sections from 19 non-demented individuals (from 78 to 99 years). This material was obtained from the "Aging Dementia and TBI Study" open database. Brain samples were processed through in situ hybridization (ISH) for the immunodetection of VGLUT1 (glutamatergic transporter) and GAT1 (GABAergic transporter) and mRNAs and Luminex protein quantifications. After image acquisition, we delineated the dentate gyrus, CA 3/2, and CA1 hippocampal subdivisions. Then, we estimated the area fraction in which the ISH markers were expressed. Increased VGLUT1 was observed in multiple hippocampal subfields at late ages. This glutamatergic marker is positively correlated with beta-amyloid and tau proteins and negatively correlated with interleukin-7 levels. Additionally, education years are positively correlated with GAT1 in the hippocampus of elderly women. This GABAergic marker expression is associated with interferon-gamma and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. These associations can help to explain how hippocampal sub-regions and neurotransmitter systems undergo distinct physiological changes during normal aging.
Collapse
|
23
|
High throughput 3D gel-based neural organotypic model for cellular assays using fluorescence biosensors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1236. [PMID: 36371462 PMCID: PMC9653447 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organotypic models that capture native-like physiological features of tissues are being pursued as clinically predictive assays for therapeutics development. A range of these models are being developed to mimic brain morphology, physiology, and pathology of neurological diseases. Biofabrication of 3D gel-based cellular systems is emerging as a versatile technology to produce spatially and cell-type tailored, physiologically complex and native-like tissue models. Here we produce 3D fibrin gel-based functional neural co-culture models with human-iPSC differentiated dopaminergic or glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes. We further introduce genetically encoded fluorescence biosensors and optogenetics activation for real time functional measurements of intracellular calcium and levels of dopamine and glutamate neurotransmitters, in a high-throughput compatible plate format. We use pharmacological perturbations to demonstrate that the drug responses of 3D gel-based neural models are like those expected from in-vivo data, and in some cases, in contrast to those observed in the equivalent 2D neural models. Fibrin gel-based 3D co-culture models with human-iPSC differentiated dopaminergic or glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes are shown to be functional using biosensors and can be scaled up for high-throughput assays.
Collapse
|
24
|
Vijayaragavan K, Cannon BJ, Tebaykin D, Bossé M, Baranski A, Oliveria JP, Bukhari SA, Mrdjen D, Corces MR, McCaffrey EF, Greenwald NF, Sigal Y, Marquez D, Khair Z, Bruce T, Goldston M, Bharadwaj A, Montine KS, Angelo RM, Montine TJ, Bendall SC. Single-cell spatial proteomic imaging for human neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:158. [PMID: 36333818 PMCID: PMC9636771 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by phenotypic changes and hallmark proteopathies. Quantifying these in archival human brain tissues remains indispensable for validating animal models and understanding disease mechanisms. We present a framework for nanometer-scale, spatial proteomics with multiplex ion beam imaging (MIBI) for capturing neuropathological features. MIBI facilitated simultaneous, quantitative imaging of 36 proteins on archival human hippocampus from individuals spanning cognitively normal to dementia. Customized analysis strategies identified cell types and proteopathies in the hippocampus across stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathologic change. We show microglia-pathologic tau interactions in hippocampal CA1 subfield in AD dementia. Data driven, sample independent creation of spatial proteomic regions identified persistent neurons in pathologic tau neighborhoods expressing mitochondrial protein MFN2, regardless of cognitive status, suggesting a survival advantage. Our study revealed unique insights from multiplexed imaging and data-driven approaches for neuropathologic analysis and serves broadly as a methodology for spatial proteomic analysis of archival human neuropathology. TEASER: Multiplex Ion beam Imaging enables deep spatial phenotyping of human neuropathology-associated cellular and disease features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan J Cannon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Tebaykin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc Bossé
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex Baranski
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J P Oliveria
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Syed A Bukhari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Erin F McCaffrey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Noah F Greenwald
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Diana Marquez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zumana Khair
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Bruce
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mako Goldston
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anusha Bharadwaj
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen S Montine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Roberts RC, McCollum LA, Schoonover KE, Mabry SJ, Roche JK, Lahti AC. Ultrastructural evidence for glutamatergic dysregulation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 249:4-15. [PMID: 32014360 PMCID: PMC7392793 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to summarize ultrastructural evidence for glutamatergic dysregulation in several linked regions in postmortem schizophrenia brain. Following a brief summary of glutamate circuitry and how synapses are identified at the electron microscopic (EM) level, we will review EM pathology in the cortex and basal ganglia. We will include the effects of antipsychotic drugs and the relation of treatment response. We will discuss how these findings support or confirm other postmortem findings as well as imaging results. Briefly, synaptic and mitochondrial density in anterior cingulate cortex was decreased in schizophrenia, versus normal controls (NCs), in a selective layer specific pattern. In dorsal striatum, increases in excitatory synaptic density were detected in caudate matrix, a compartment associated with cognitive and motor function, and in the putamen patches, a region associated with limbic function and in the core of the nucleus accumbens. Patients who were treatment resistant or untreated had significantly elevated numbers of excitatory synapses in limbic striatal areas in comparison to NCs and responders. Protein levels of vGLUT2, found in subcortical glutamatergic neurons, were increased in the nucleus accumbens in schizophrenia. At the EM level, schizophrenia subjects had an increase in density of excitatory synapses in several areas of the basal ganglia. In the substantia nigra, the protein levels of vGLUT2 were elevated in untreated patients compared to NCs. The density of inhibitory synapses was decreased in schizophrenia versus NCs. In schizophrenia, glutamatergic synapses are differentially affected depending on the brain region, treatment status, and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Lesley A McCollum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Kirsten E Schoonover
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Samuel J Mabry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Joy K Roche
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Reddy DS, Abeygunaratne HN. Experimental and Clinical Biomarkers for Progressive Evaluation of Neuropathology and Therapeutic Interventions for Acute and Chronic Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11734. [PMID: 36233034 PMCID: PMC9570151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes commonly used experimental and clinical biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration for the evaluation of neuropathology and monitoring of therapeutic interventions. Biomarkers are vital for diagnostics of brain disease and therapeutic monitoring. A biomarker can be objectively measured and evaluated as a proxy indicator for the pathophysiological process or response to therapeutic interventions. There are complex hurdles in understanding the molecular pathophysiology of neurological disorders and the ability to diagnose them at initial stages. Novel biomarkers for neurological diseases may surpass these issues, especially for early identification of disease risk. Validated biomarkers can measure the severity and progression of both acute neuronal injury and chronic neurological diseases such as epilepsy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and other brain diseases. Biomarkers are deployed to study progression and response to treatment, including noninvasive imaging tools for both acute and chronic brain conditions. Neuronal biomarkers are classified into four core subtypes: blood-based, immunohistochemical-based, neuroimaging-based, and electrophysiological biomarkers. Neuronal conditions have progressive stages, such as acute injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis, which can serve as indices of pathological status. Biomarkers are critical for the targeted identification of specific molecules, cells, tissues, or proteins that dramatically alter throughout the progression of brain conditions. There has been tremendous progress with biomarkers in acute conditions and chronic diseases affecting the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Intercollegiate School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hasara Nethma Abeygunaratne
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chemogenetic activation of VGLUT3-expressing neurons decreases movement. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175298. [PMID: 36198338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for the storage of glutamate into secretory vesicles. The VGLUT3 isoform is mainly expressed in neurons that secrete other classical neurotransmitters, including the cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, and VGLUT3-expressing neurons often secrete two distinct neurotransmitters. VGLUT3 is discretely distributed throughout the brain and is found in subpopulations of spinal cord interneurons, in subset of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion, and in Merkel cells. Mice with a global loss of VGLUT3 are hyperactive and the modulation of specific VGLUT3-expressing circuits can lead to changes in movement. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that increased activity of VGLUT3-expressing neurons is associated with decreased movement. Using a mouse line expressing excitatory designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (hM3Dq-DREADD) on VGLUT3-expressing neurons, we showed that activation of hM3Dq signalling acutely decreased locomotor activity. This decreased locomotion was likely not due to circuit changes mediated by glutamate nor acetylcholine released from VGLUT3-expressing neurons, as activation of hM3Dq signalling in mice that do not release glutamate or acetylcholine from VGLUT3-expressing neurons also decreased locomotor activity. This suggests that other neurotransmitters are likely driving this hypoactive phenotype. We used these mouse lines to compare the effects of DREADD agonists in vivo. We observed that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), clozapine, compound 21 and perlapine show small differences in the speed at which they prompt behavioural responses but the four of them are selective DREADD ligands.
Collapse
|
28
|
Baldassari S, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fruscione F, Balagura G, Pelassa S, Musante I, Iacomino M, Traverso M, Corradi A, Scudieri P, Maura G, Marcoli M, Zara F. Vesicular Glutamate Release from Feeder-FreehiPSC-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810545. [PMID: 36142455 PMCID: PMC9501332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) represent one of the main and powerful tools for the in vitro modeling of neurological diseases. Standard hiPSC-based protocols make use of animal-derived feeder systems to better support the neuronal differentiation process. Despite their efficiency, such protocols may not be appropriate to dissect neuronal specific properties or to avoid interspecies contaminations, hindering their future translation into clinical and drug discovery approaches. In this work, we focused on the optimization of a reproducible protocol in feeder-free conditions able to generate functional glutamatergic neurons. This protocol is based on a generation of neuroprecursor cells differentiated into human neurons with the administration in the culture medium of specific neurotrophins in a Geltrex-coated substrate. We confirmed the efficiency of this protocol through molecular analysis (upregulation of neuronal markers and neurotransmitter receptors assessed by gene expression profiling and expression of the neuronal markers at the protein level), morphological analysis, and immunfluorescence detection of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic markers at synaptic boutons. The hiPSC-derived neurons acquired Ca2+-dependent glutamate release properties as a hallmark of neuronal maturation. In conclusion, our study describes a new methodological approach to achieve feeder-free neuronal differentiation from hiPSC and adds a new tool for functional characterization of hiPSC-derived neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Floriana Fruscione
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Paediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Purkinje cell vulnerability induced by diffuse traumatic brain injury is linked to disruption of long-range neuronal circuits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:129. [PMID: 36064443 PMCID: PMC9446851 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar dysfunction is commonly observed following traumatic brain injury (TBI). While direct impact to the cerebellum by TBI is rare, cerebellar pathology may be caused by indirect injury via cortico-cerebellar pathways. To address the hypothesis that degeneration of Purkinje cells (PCs), which constitute the sole output from the cerebellum, is linked to long-range axonal injury and demyelination, we used the central fluid percussion injury (cFPI) model of widespread traumatic axonal injury in mice. Compared to controls, TBI resulted in early PC loss accompanied by alterations in the size of pinceau synapses and levels of non-phosphorylated neurofilament in PCs. A combination of vDISCO tissue clearing technique and immunohistochemistry for vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 show that diffuse TBI decreased mossy and climbing fiber synapses on PCs. At 2 days post-injury, numerous axonal varicosities were found in the cerebellum supported by fractional anisotropy measurements using 9.4 T MRI. The disruption and demyelination of the cortico-cerebellar circuits was associated with poor performance of brain-injured mice in the beam-walk test. Despite a lack of direct input from the injury site to the cerebellum, these findings argue for novel long-range mechanisms causing Purkinje cell injury that likely contribute to cerebellar dysfunction after TBI.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hussan MT, Sakai A, Matsui H. Glutamatergic pathways in the brains of turtles: A comparative perspective among reptiles, birds, and mammals. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:937504. [PMID: 36059432 PMCID: PMC9428285 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.937504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate acts as the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and plays a vital role in physiological and pathological neuronal functions. In mammals, glutamate can cause detrimental excitotoxic effects under anoxic conditions. In contrast, Trachemys scripta, a freshwater turtle, is one of the most anoxia-tolerant animals, being able to survive up to months without oxygen. Therefore, turtles have been investigated to assess the molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective strategies used by them in anoxic conditions, such as maintaining low levels of glutamate, increasing adenosine and GABA, upregulating heat shock proteins, and downregulating KATP channels. These mechanisms of anoxia tolerance of the turtle brain may be applied to finding therapeutics for human glutamatergic neurological disorders such as brain injury or cerebral stroke due to ischemia. Despite the importance of glutamate as a neurotransmitter and of the turtle as an ideal research model, the glutamatergic circuits in the turtle brain remain less described whereas they have been well studied in mammalian and avian brains. In reptiles, particularly in the turtle brain, glutamatergic neurons have been identified by examining the expression of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). In certain areas of the brain, some ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) have been immunohistochemically studied, implying that there are glutamatergic target areas. Based on the expression patterns of these glutamate-related molecules and fiber connection data of the turtle brain that is available in the literature, many candidate glutamatergic circuits could be clarified, such as the olfactory circuit, hippocampal–septal pathway, corticostriatal pathway, visual pathway, auditory pathway, and granule cell–Purkinje cell pathway. This review summarizes the probable glutamatergic pathways and the distribution of glutamatergic neurons in the pallium of the turtle brain and compares them with those of avian and mammalian brains. The integrated knowledge of glutamatergic pathways serves as the fundamental basis for further functional studies in the turtle brain, which would provide insights on physiological and pathological mechanisms of glutamate regulation as well as neural circuits in different species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Tufazzal Hussan,
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Hideaki Matsui,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zimmermann M, Minuzzi L, Aliaga Aliaga A, Guiot MC, Hall JA, Soucy JP, Massarweh G, El Mestikawy S, Rosa-Neto P, Kobayashi E. Reduced Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 Availability in the Epileptogenic Hippocampus: An in vitro Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:888479. [PMID: 35937057 PMCID: PMC9355376 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.888479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) have been observed in the hippocampus of patients with drug-resistant mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE). Ex-vivo studies in mTLE hippocampal surgical specimens have shown increased mGluR5 immunoreactivity, while in vivo whole brain imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrated reduced hippocampal mGluR5 availability. To further understand mGluR5 abnormalities in mTLE, we performed a saturation autoradiography study with [3H]ABP688 (a negative mGluR5 allosteric modulator). We aimed to evaluate receptor density (Bmax) and dissociation constants (KD) in hippocampal mTLE surgical specimens and in non-epilepsy hippocampi from necropsy controls. mTLE specimens showed a 43.4% reduction in receptor density compared to control hippocampi, which was independent of age, sex and KD (multiple linear regression analysis). There was no significant difference in KD between the groups, which suggests that the decreased mGluR5 availability found in vivo with PET cannot be attributed to reduced affinity between ligand and binding site. The present study supports that changes within the epileptogenic tissue include mGluR5 internalization or conformational changes that reduce [3H]ABP688 binding, as previously suggested in mTLE patients studied in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zimmermann
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Arturo Aliaga Aliaga
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jeffery A. Hall
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PET Unit, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Douglas Research Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Eliane Kobayashi
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen L, Nagaraja C, Daniels S, Fisk ZA, Dvorak R, Meyerdirk L, Steiner JA, Escobar Galvis ML, Henderson MX, Rousseaux MWC, Brundin P, Chu HY. Synaptic location is a determinant of the detrimental effects of α-Synuclein pathology to glutamatergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala. eLife 2022; 11:78055. [PMID: 35775627 PMCID: PMC9286736 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αSyn) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In PD, the amygdala is prone to develop insoluble αSyn aggregates, and it has been suggested that circuit dysfunction involving the amygdala contributes to the psychiatric symptoms. Yet, how αSyn aggregates affect amygdala function is unknown. In this study, we examined αSyn in glutamatergic axon terminals and the impact of its aggregation on glutamatergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). We found that αSyn is primarily present in the vesicular glutamate transporter 1-expressing (vGluT1+) terminals in the mouse BLA, which is consistent with higher levels of αSyn expression in vGluT1+ glutamatergic neurons in the cerebral cortex relative to the vGluT2+ glutamatergic neurons in the thalamus. We found that αSyn aggregation selectively decreased the cortico-BLA, but not the thalamo-BLA, transmission; and that cortico-BLA synapses displayed enhanced short-term depression upon repetitive stimulation. In addition, using confocal microscopy, we found that vGluT1+ axon terminals exhibited decreased levels of soluble αSyn, which suggests that lower levels of soluble αSyn might underlie the enhanced short-term depression of cortico-BLA synapses. In agreement with this idea, we found that cortico-BLA synaptic depression was also enhanced in αSyn knockout mice. In conclusion, both basal and dynamic cortico-BLA transmission were disrupted by abnormal aggregation of αSyn and these changes might be relevant to the perturbed cortical control of the amygdala that has been suggested to play a role in psychiatric symptoms in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Chetan Nagaraja
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Samuel Daniels
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Zoe A Fisk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Rachel Dvorak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, GRand Rapids, United States
| | - Lindsay Meyerdirk
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Jennifer A Steiner
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | | | - Michael X Henderson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| | - Maxime W C Rousseaux
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Little Falls, United States
| | - Hong-Yuan Chu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang XL, Spencer WC, Tabuchi N, Kitt MM, Deneris ES. Reorganization of postmitotic neuronal chromatin accessibility for maturation of serotonergic identity. eLife 2022; 11:e75970. [PMID: 35471146 PMCID: PMC9098219 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of transcriptomes encoding unique neuronal identities requires selective accessibility of transcription factors to cis-regulatory sequences in nucleosome-embedded postmitotic chromatin. Yet, the mechanisms controlling postmitotic neuronal chromatin accessibility are poorly understood. Here, we show that unique distal enhancers define the Pet1 neuron lineage that generates serotonin (5-HT) neurons in mice. Heterogeneous single-cell chromatin landscapes are established early in postmitotic Pet1 neurons and reveal the putative regulatory programs driving Pet1 neuron subtype identities. Distal enhancer accessibility is highly dynamic as Pet1 neurons mature, suggesting the existence of regulatory factors that reorganize postmitotic neuronal chromatin. We find that Pet1 and Lmx1b control chromatin accessibility to select Pet1-lineage-specific enhancers for 5-HT neurotransmission. Additionally, these factors are required to maintain chromatin accessibility during early maturation suggesting that postmitotic neuronal open chromatin is unstable and requires continuous regulatory input. Together, our findings reveal postmitotic transcription factors that reorganize accessible chromatin for neuron specialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui L Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - William C Spencer
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Nobuko Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Meagan M Kitt
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Evan S Deneris
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ying J, Keinath AT, Lavoie R, Vigneault E, El Mestikawy S, Brandon MP. Disruption of the grid cell network in a mouse model of early Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:886. [PMID: 35173173 PMCID: PMC8850598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is marked by an aggressive buildup of amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins, yet the neural circuit operations impacted during the initial stages of Aβ pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, we report a coding impairment of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) grid cell network in the J20 transgenic mouse model of familial AD that over-expresses Aβ throughout the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Grid cells showed reduced spatial periodicity, spatial stability, and synchrony with interneurons and head-direction cells. In contrast, the spatial coding of non-grid cells within the MEC, and place cells within the hippocampus, remained intact. Grid cell deficits emerged at the earliest incidence of Aβ fibril deposition and coincided with impaired spatial memory performance in a path integration task. These results demonstrate that widespread Aβ-mediated damage to the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit results in an early impairment of the entorhinal grid cell network. It remains poorly understood how the onset of Alzheimer’s disease affects spatial cognition. Here, the authors report that spatial coding in grid cells deteriorates over time in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease during the early stages of pathology while place cell and head direction coding remain intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Ying
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra T Keinath
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphael Lavoie
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Salah El Mestikawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark P Brandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fazekas CL, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Correia P, Chaves T, Daumas S, Zelena D. A New Player in the Hippocampus: A Review on VGLUT3+ Neurons and Their Role in the Regulation of Hippocampal Activity and Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:790. [PMID: 35054976 PMCID: PMC8775679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is unique, co-localising with other "classical" neurotransmitters, such as the inhibitory GABA. Glutamate, manipulated by VGLUT3, can modulate the packaging as well as the release of other neurotransmitters and serve as a retrograde signal through its release from the somata and dendrites. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Although VGLUT3-expressing neurons are detectable in the hippocampus, most of the hippocampal VGLUT3 positivity can be found on nerve terminals, presumably coming from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). Indirect information from anatomical studies and KO mice strains suggests the contribution of local VGLUT3-positive hippocampal neurons as well as afferentations in these events. However, further studies making use of more specific tools (e.g., Cre-mice, opto- and chemogenetics) are needed to confirm these assumptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Woelfle S, Boeckers TM. Layer-Specific Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 1 Immunofluorescence Levels Delineate All Layers of the Human Hippocampus Including the Stratum lucidum. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:789903. [PMID: 34955756 PMCID: PMC8696355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.789903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation consists of the Ammon’s horn (cornu Ammonis with its regions CA1-4), dentate gyrus, subiculum, and the entorhinal cortex. The rough extension of the regions CA1-3 is typically defined based on the density and size of the pyramidal neurons without clear-cut boundaries. Here, we propose the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) as a molecular marker for the CA3 region. This is based on its strong labeling of the stratum lucidum (SL) in fluorescently stained human hippocampus sections. VGLUT1 puncta of the intense SL band co-localize with synaptoporin (SPO), a protein enriched in mossy fibers (MFs). Owing to its specific intensity profile throughout all hippocampal layers, VGLUT1 could be implemented as a pendant to Nissl-staining in fluorescent approaches with the additional demarcation of the SL. Furthermore, by high-resolution confocal microscopy, we detected VGLUT2 in the human hippocampus, thus reconciling two previous studies. Finally, by VGLUT1/SPO co-staining, we provide evidence for the existence of infrapyramidal MFs in the human hippocampus and we show that SPO expression is not restricted to MF synapses as demonstrated for rodent tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Woelfle
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm (IGradU), Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Möck EEA, Honkonen E, Airas L. Synaptic Loss in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human Post-mortem Studies. Front Neurol 2021; 12:782599. [PMID: 34912290 PMCID: PMC8666414 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.782599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gray matter pathology plays a central role in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). The occurrence of synaptic loss appears to be important but, to date, still poorly investigated aspect of MS pathology. In this systematic review, we drew from the recent knowledge about synaptic loss in human post-mortem studies. Methods: We conducted a systematic search with PubMed to identify relevant publications. Publications available from15 June 2021 were taken into account. We selected human post-mortem studies that quantitatively assessed the synapse number in MS tissue. Results: We identified 14 relevant publications out of which 9 reported synaptic loss in at least one investigated subregion. The most commonly used synaptic marker was synaptophysin; non-etheless, we found substantial differences in the methodology and the selection of reference tissue. Investigated regions included the cortex, the hippocampus, the cerebellum, the thalamus, and the spinal cord. Conclusion: Synaptic loss seems to take place throughout the entire central nervous system. However, the results are inconsistent, probably due to differences in the methodology. Moreover, synaptic loss appears to be a dynamic process, and thus the nature of this pathology might be captured using in vivo synaptic density measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Amelie Möck
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Honkonen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hulme AJ, Maksour S, St-Clair Glover M, Miellet S, Dottori M. Making neurons, made easy: The use of Neurogenin-2 in neuronal differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 17:14-34. [PMID: 34971564 PMCID: PMC8758946 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), neural progenitors, or fibroblasts using transcription factors has allowed for the rapid and highly reproducible differentiation of mature and functional neurons. Exogenous expression of the transcription factor Neurogenin-2 (NGN2) has been widely used to generate different populations of neurons, which have been used in neurodevelopment studies, disease modeling, drug screening, and neuronal replacement therapies. Could NGN2 be a “one-glove-fits-all” approach for neuronal differentiations? This review summarizes the cellular roles of NGN2 and describes the applications and limitations of using NGN2 for the rapid and directed differentiation of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Hulme
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Maksour
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell St-Clair Glover
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Miellet
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zuniga A, Smith ML, Caruso M, Ryabinin AE. Vesicular glutamate transporter 2-containing neurons of the centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus regulate alcohol drinking and body temperature. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108795. [PMID: 34555367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in rodents have repeatedly demonstrated that the centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) is highly sensitive to alcohol and is also involved in regulating alcohol intake and body temperature. Historically, the EWcp has been known as the main site of Urocortin 1 (Ucn1) expression, a corticotropin-releasing factor-related peptide, in the brain. However, the EWcp also contains other populations of neurons, including neurons that express the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2). Here we transduced the EWcp with adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) to test the role of the EWcp in alcohol drinking and in the regulation of body temperature. Activation of the EWcp with excitatory DREADDs inhibited alcohol intake in a 2-bottle choice procedure in male C57BL/6J mice, whereas inhibition of the EWcp with DREADDs had no effect. Surprisingly, analysis of DREADD expression indicated Ucn1-containing neurons of the EWcp did not express DREADDs. In contrast, AAVs transduced non-Ucn1-containing EWcp neurons. Subsequent experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of EWcp activation on alcohol intake was also present in male Ucn1 KO mice, suggesting that a Ucn1-devoid population of EWcp regulates alcohol intake. A final set of chemogenetic experiments showed that activation of Vglut2-expressing EWcp neurons inhibited alcohol intake and induced hypothermia in male and female mice. These studies expand on previous literature by indicating that a glutamatergic, Ucn1-devoid subpopulation of the EWcp regulates alcohol consumption and body temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Zuniga
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Monique L Smith
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Maya Caruso
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrey E Ryabinin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Green JL, Dos Santos WF, Fontana ACK. Role of glutamate excitotoxicity and glutamate transporter EAAT2 in epilepsy: Opportunities for novel therapeutics development. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114786. [PMID: 34571003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a complex neurological syndrome characterized by seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability and sudden and synchronized bursts of electrical discharges. Impaired astrocyte function that results in glutamate excitotoxicity has been recognized to play a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. While there are 26 drugs marketed as anti-epileptic drugs no current treatments are disease modifying as they only suppress seizures rather than the development and progression of epilepsy. Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are critical for maintaining low extracellular glutamate concentrations and preventing excitotoxicity. When extracellular glutamate concentrations rise to abnormal levels, glutamate receptor overactivation and the subsequent excessive influx of calcium into the post-synaptic neuron can trigger cell death pathways. In this review we discuss targeting EAAT2, the predominant glutamate transporter in the CNS, as a promising approach for developing therapies for epilepsy. EAAT2 upregulation via transcriptional and translational regulation has proven successful in vivo in reducing spontaneous recurrent seizures and offering neuroprotective effects. Another approach to regulate EAAT2 activity is through positive allosteric modulation (PAM). Novel PAMs of EAAT2 have recently been identified and are under development, representing a promising approach for the advance of novel therapeutics for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leigh Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
NGF Eye Administration Recovers the TrkB and Glutamate/GABA Marker Deficit in the Adult Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Crush. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810014. [PMID: 34576177 PMCID: PMC8471133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye-drop recombinant human nerve growth factor (ed-rhNGF) has proved to recover the retina and optic nerve damage in animal models, including the unilateral optic nerve crush (ONC), and to improve visual acuity in humans. These data, associated with evidence that ed-rhNGF stimulates the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in retina and cortex, suggests that NGF might exert retino-fugal effects by affecting BDNF and its receptor TrkB. To address these questions, their expression and relationship with the GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission markers, GAD65 and GAD67, vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VGAT), and vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT-1 and VGLUT-2) were investigated in adult ONC rats contralateral and ipsilateral visual cortex (VCx). Ed-rhNGF recovers the ONC-induced alteration of GABAergic and glutamatergic markers in contralateral VCx, induces an upregulation of TrkB, which is positively correlated with BDNF precursor (proBDNF) decrease in both VCx sides, and strongly enhances TrkB+ cell soma and neuronal endings surrounded by GAD65 immuno-reactive afferents. These findings contribute to enlarging the knowledge on the mechanism of actions and cellular targets of exogenously administrated NGF, and suggest that ed-rhNGF might act by potentiating the activity-dependent TrkB expression in GAD+ cells in VCx following retina damage and/or ONC.
Collapse
|
42
|
Villalba RM, Behnke JA, Pare JF, Smith Y. Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3408-3425. [PMID: 33676368 PMCID: PMC8599722 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II-III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II-III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential thalamic denervation of deep cortical layers in parkinsonism. There was a significant difference in the pattern of synaptic connectivity in layers II-III, but not in layer Vb, between M1 and SMA of control monkeys. However, this difference was abolished in parkinsonian animals. No major difference was found in the proportion of perforated versus macular post-synaptic densities at thalamocortical synapses between control and parkinsonian monkeys in both cortical regions, except for a slight increase in the prevalence of perforated axo-dendritic synapses in the SMA of parkinsonian monkeys. Our findings suggest that disruption of the thalamic innervation of M1 and SMA may underlie pathophysiological changes of the motor thalamocortical loop in the state of parkinsonism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph A Behnke
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao Y, Liang L, Liu G, Liu Y, Zheng H, Dai L. The effects of short time hyperoxia on glutamate concentration and glutamate transporters expressions in brain of neonatal rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 758:136013. [PMID: 34111510 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm infants often suffer from impaired postnatal brain development, and glutamate excitotoxicity is identified as a pivotal mechanism of hyperoxia-induced neurological abnormality. We aimed to investigate the effect of short time hyperoxia on glutamate homeostasis and glutamate transporters expressions in immature brain. Six-day-old (P6) rat pups were exposed to 80% oxygen for 24 h (the hyperoxia group) or placed in atmospheric air (the control group). The concentrations of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in immature cerebrum and cerebellum at P7, P14 and P21 were determined by ELISA. The mRNA levels of glutamate transporters including excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1), EAAT2, EAAT3, vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) and VGLUT2 in brain were determined by qPCR. Glutamate accumulation was induced by hyperoxia both in immature cerebrum and cerebellum at P7 but got gradually attenuated at P14 and P21, as evidenced by the changes of glutamate and GABA concentrations. Hyperoxia also induced sustained glutamatic oxidative stress in both cerebrum and cerebellum, as GSH (reduced glutathione) levels in the hyperoxia group were constantly higher than the control group at three examined time-points. Furthermore, at P7, the expressions of all glutamate transporters decreased in both cerebrum and cerebellum except that of EAAT1. At P21, VGLUT2 in cerebrum and EAAT1, EAAT3 and VGLUT2 in cerebellum still displayed significant decrease in expression levels upon hyperoxia stimulation. Taken together, our results indicate that hyperoxia induces glutamate accumulation in brain of rat pups, which is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased expressions of glutamate transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhao
- Neonatology Department, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China.
| | - Lei Liang
- Pulmonary Department, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Neonatology Department, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Neonatology Department, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Neonatology Department, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Liying Dai
- Neonatology Department, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Sharif M, Daryani A. Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07151. [PMID: 34141920 PMCID: PMC8187970 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens causing different lesions in a wide variety of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans. It is estimated that one-third of the world population is infected with T. gondii; however, for a long time, there has been much interest in the examination of the possible role of this parasite in the development of mental disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). T. gondii may play a role in the progression of AD using mechanisms, such as the induction of the host's immune responses, inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), alteration in the levels of neurotransmitters, and activation of indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase. This paper presents an appraisal of the literature, reports, and studies that seek to the possible role of T. gondii in the development of AD. For achieving the purpose of the current study, a search of six English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) was performed. The results support the involvement of T. gondii in the induction and development of AD. Indeed, T. gondii can be considered a risk factor for the development of AD and requires the special attention of specialists and patients. Furthermore, the results of this study may contribute to prevent or delay the progress of AD worldwide. Therefore, it is required to carry out further studies in order to better perceive the parasitic mechanisms in the progression of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Panja D, Li Y, Ward ME, Li Z. miR-936 is Increased in Schizophrenia and Inhibits Neural Development and AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1795-1805. [PMID: 33940617 PMCID: PMC8530405 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play important roles in the development and function of synapses. miR-936 is a primate-specific miRNA increased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of individuals with schizophrenia. The significance of miR-936 increase to schizophrenia is unknown. Here, we show that miR-936 in the human DLPFC is enriched in cortical layer 2/3 and expressed in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. miR-936 is increased from layers 2 to 6 of the DLPFC in schizophrenia samples. In neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iNs), miR-936 reduces the number of excitatory synapses, inhibits AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, and increases intrinsic excitability. These effects are mediated by its target gene TMOD2. These results indicate that miR-936 restricts the number of synapses and the strength of glutamatergic synaptic transmission by inhibiting TMOD2 expression. miR-936 upregulation in the DLPFC, therefore, can reduce glutamatergic synapses and weaken excitatory synaptic transmission, which underlie the synaptic pathology and hypofrontality in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Panja
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - You Li
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael E Ward
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development and Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed; National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 35A, Room 2C-1010, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; tel: +1 301 594 2269, fax: +1 301 480 2561, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Piantadosi SC, Chamberlain BL, Glausier JR, Lewis DA, Ahmari SE. Lower excitatory synaptic gene expression in orbitofrontal cortex and striatum in an initial study of subjects with obsessive compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:986-998. [PMID: 31168067 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe illness that affects 2-3% of people worldwide. OCD neuroimaging studies have consistently shown abnormal activity in brain regions involved in decision-making (orbitofrontal cortex [OFC]) and action selection (striatum). However, little is known regarding molecular changes that may contribute to abnormal function. We therefore examined expression of synaptic genes in post-mortem human brain samples of these regions from eight pairs of unaffected comparison and OCD subjects. Total grey matter tissue samples were obtained from medial OFC (BA11), lateral OFC (BA47), head of caudate, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was then performed on a panel of transcripts encoding proteins related to excitatory synaptic structure, excitatory synaptic receptors/transporters, and GABA synapses. Relative to unaffected comparison subjects, OCD subjects had significantly lower levels of several transcripts related to excitatory signaling in both cortical and striatal regions. However, a majority of transcripts encoding excitatory synaptic proteins were lower in OFC but not significantly different in striatum of OCD subjects. Composite transcript level measures supported these findings by revealing that reductions in transcripts encoding excitatory synaptic structure proteins and excitatory synaptic receptors/transporters occurred primarily in OFC of OCD subjects. In contrast, transcripts associated with inhibitory synaptic neurotransmission showed minor differences between groups. The observed lower levels of multiple glutamatergic transcripts across both medial and lateral OFC may suggest an upstream causal event. Together, these data provide the first evidence of molecular abnormalities in brain regions consistently implicated in OCD human imaging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Piantadosi
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jill R Glausier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Lewis
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cheng YJ, Lin CH, Lane HY. Involvement of Cholinergic, Adrenergic, and Glutamatergic Network Modulation with Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2283. [PMID: 33668976 PMCID: PMC7956475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The number of AD cases has been rapidly growing worldwide. Several the related etiological hypotheses include atypical amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles of tau proteins inside neurons, disturbed neurotransmission, inflammation, and oxidative stress. During AD progression, aberrations in neurotransmission cause cognitive decline-the main symptom of AD. Here, we review the aberrant neurotransmission systems, including cholinergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic network, and the interactions among these systems as they pertain to AD. We also discuss the key role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction in AD-associated cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we summarize the results of recent studies indicating that increasing glutamatergic neurotransmission through the alteration of NMDARs shows potential for treating cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment or early stage AD. Future studies on the long-term efficiency of NMDA-enhancing strategies in the treatment of AD are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ravasz L, Kékesi KA, Mittli D, Todorov MI, Borhegyi Z, Ercsey-Ravasz M, Tyukodi B, Wang J, Bártfai T, Eberwine J, Juhász G. Cell Surface Protein mRNAs Show Differential Transcription in Pyramidal and Fast-Spiking Cells as Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:731-745. [PMID: 32710103 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a key role in higher order cognitive functions and psychiatric disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and depression. In the PFC, the two major classes of neurons are the glutamatergic pyramidal (Pyr) cells and the GABAergic interneurons such as fast-spiking (FS) cells. Despite extensive electrophysiological, morphological, and pharmacological studies of the PFC, the therapeutically utilized drug targets are restricted to dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic receptors. To expand the pharmacological possibilities as well as to better understand the cellular and network effects of clinically used drugs, it is important to identify cell-type-selective, druggable cell surface proteins and to link developed drug candidates to Pyr or FS cell targets. To identify the mRNAs of such cell-specific/enriched proteins, we performed ultra-deep single-cell mRNA sequencing (19 685 transcripts in total) on electrophysiologically characterized intact PFC neurons harvested from acute brain slices of mice. Several selectively expressed transcripts were identified with some of the genes that have already been associated with cellular mechanisms of psychiatric diseases, which we can now assign to Pyr (e.g., Kcnn2, Gria3) or FS (e.g., Kcnk2, Kcnmb1) cells. The earlier classification of PFC neurons was also confirmed at mRNA level, and additional markers have been provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Ravasz
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Adrienna Kékesi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Mittli
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mihail Ivilinov Todorov
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Borhegyi
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mária Ercsey-Ravasz
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca RO-400084, Romania.,Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, Cluj-Napoca RO-400157, Romania
| | - Botond Tyukodi
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca RO-400084, Romania.,Martin Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tamás Bártfai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - James Eberwine
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gábor Juhász
- ELTE NAP Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,CRU Hungary Ltd., H-2131 Göd, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leiguarda C, McCarthy CJ, Casadei M, Lundgren KH, Coronel MF, Trigosso-Venario H, Seal RP, Seroogy KB, Brumovsky PR. Transcript Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion and Spinal Cord Neurons: Impact of Spinal Blockade during Hindpaw Inflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2602-2614. [PMID: 32697906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in mouse, and to a lesser extent in rat, have revealed the neuroanatomical distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) and begun exposing the critical role of VGLUT2 and VGLUT3 in pain transmission. In the present study in rat, we used specific riboprobes to characterize the transcript expression of all three VGLUTs in lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and in the thoracolumbar, lumbar, and sacral spinal cord. We show for the first time in rat a very discrete VGLUT3 expression in DRGs and in deep layers of the dorsal horn. We confirm the abundant expression of VGLUT2, in both DRGs and the spinal cord, including presumable motorneurons in the latter. As expected, VGLUT1 was present in many DRG neuron profiles, and in the spinal cord it was mostly localized to neurons in the dorsal nucleus of Clarke. In rats with a 10 day long hindpaw inflammation, increased spinal expression of VGLUT2 transcript was detected by qRT-PCR, and intrathecal administration of the nonselective VGLUT inhibitor Chicago Sky Blue 6B resulted in reduced mechanical and thermal allodynia for up to 24 h. In conclusion, our results provide a collective characterization of VGLUTs in rat DRGs and the spinal cord, demonstrate increased spinal expression of VGLUT2 during chronic peripheral inflammation, and support the use of spinal VGLUT blockade as a strategy for attenuating inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Leiguarda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Austral, Derqui, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carly J. McCarthy
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Austral, Derqui, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mailin Casadei
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Austral, Derqui, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kerstin H. Lundgren
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - María Florencia Coronel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Austral, Derqui, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Harry Trigosso-Venario
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Austral University, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rebecca P. Seal
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kim B. Seroogy
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Pablo R. Brumovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Austral, Derqui, Pilar B1629AHJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sharp T, Barnes NM. Central 5-HT receptors and their function; present and future. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108155. [PMID: 32522572 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since our review of central 5-HT receptors and their function twenty years ago, no new 5-HT receptor has been discovered and there is little evidence that this situation will change in the near future. Nevertheless, over this time significant progress has been made in our understanding of the properties of these receptors and in the clinical translation of this information, and some of these developments are highlighted herein. Such highlights include extensive mapping of 5-HT receptors in both animal and human brain, culminating in readily-accessible brain atlases of 5-HT receptor distribution, as well as emerging data on how 5-HT receptors are distributed within complex neural circuits. Also, a range of important pharmacological and genetic tools have been developed that allow selective 5-HT receptor manipulation, in cells through to whole organism models. Moreover, unexpected complexity in 5-HT receptor function has been identified including agonist-dependent signalling that goes beyond the pharmacology of canonical 5-HT receptor signalling pathways set down in the 1980s and 1990s. This new knowledge of 5-HT signalling has been extended by the discovery of combined signalling of 5-HT and co-released neurotransmitters, especially glutamate. Another important advance has been the progression of a large number of 5-HT ligands through to experimental medicine studies and clinical trials, and some such agents have already become prescribed therapeutic drugs. Much more needs to be discovered and understood by 5-HT neuropharmacologists, not least how the diverse signalling effects of so many 5-HT receptor types interact with complex neural circuits to generate neurophysiological changes which ultimately lead to altered cognitions and behaviour. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'Serotonin Research: Crossing Scales and Boundaries'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Sharp
- University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|