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Pinosanu LR, Boboc IKS, Balseanu TA, Gresita A, Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A, Catalin B. Beam narrowing test: a motor index of post-stroke motor evaluation in an aged rat model of cerebral ischemia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:763-771. [PMID: 38598100 PMCID: PMC11199207 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Each year, 15 million people worldwide suffer from strokes. Consequently, researchers face increasing pressure to develop reliable behavioural tests for assessing functional recovery after a stroke. Our aim was to establish a new motor performance index that can be used to evaluate post-stroke recovery in both young and aged animals. Furthermore, we validate the proposed procedure and recommend the necessary number of animals for experimental stroke studies. Young (n = 20) and aged (n = 27) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive either sham or stroke surgery. The newly proposed performance index was calculated for the post-stroke acute, subacute and chronic phases. The advantage of using our test over current tests lies in the fact that the newly proposed motor index test evaluates not only the performance of the unaffected side in comparison to the affected one but also assesses overall performance by taking into account speed and coordination. Moreover, it reduces the number of animals needed to achieve a statistical power of 80%. This aspect is particularly crucial when studying aged rodents. Our approach can be used to monitor and assess the effectiveness of stroke therapies in experimental models using aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Radu Pinosanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ianis Kevyn Stefan Boboc
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Tudor Adrian Balseanu
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Gresita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 115680-8000, USA
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Catalin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, 115680-8000, USA
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2
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Panos LD, Bargiotas P, Arnold M, Hadjigeorgiou G, Panos GD. Revolutionizing Stroke Recovery: Unveiling the Promise of Stem Cell Therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:991-1006. [PMID: 38567255 PMCID: PMC10986404 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s460998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, renowned for their unique regenerative capabilities, present significant hope in treating stroke, a major cause of disability globally. This review offers a detailed analysis of stem cell applications in stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic) recovery. It examines therapies based on autologous (patient-derived), allogeneic (donor-derived), and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) based stem cells, focusing on cell types such as Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs), Bone Marrow Mononuclear Stem Cells (BMMSCs), and Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSCs). The paper compiles clinical trial data to evaluate their effectiveness and safety and addresses the ethical concerns of these innovative treatments. By explaining the mechanisms of stem cell-induced neurological repair, this review underscores stem cells' potential in revolutionizing stroke rehabilitation and suggests avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas D Panos
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Bargiotas
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marcel Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Georgios D Panos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals (NUH), Nottingham, UK
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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3
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Qi J, Han B, Wang Z, Jing L, Tian X, Sun J. Chuanzhitongluo Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis in Mice with Acute Ischemic Stroke by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Neuroscience 2024; 537:21-31. [PMID: 38040086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apoptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to assess whether Chuanzhitongluo (CZTL), a multi-target and multi-pathway compound preparation, plays a neuroprotective role in AIS by modulating neuronal apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. METHODS A mouse model of AIS was established by photochemical processes. Cerebral infarction volume was measured by 2% staining with 2, 3, and 5-triphenyl tetrazole chloride (TTC). Neuron apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Apoptosis RNA arrays were used to detect changes in apoptosis-related gene expression profiles. Western blotting was used to detect proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. RESULTS The study demonstrated that CZTL could potentially mitigate neuronal apoptosis in AIS mice. This appears to be achieved via the up-regulation of certain genes such as BCL-2, Birc6, and others, coupled with the down-regulation of genes like BAX, Bid, and Casp3. Further validation revealed that CZTL could enhance the expression of BCL-2 and reduce the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and BAX at both the gene and protein levels. The study also found that CZTL can enhance the phosphorylation level of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In contrast to these findings, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 notably amplified neuronal apoptosis in AIS mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that CZTL's ability to inhibit neuronal apoptosis may be linked to the activation of AIS's PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiao Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Integrated Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lihong Jing
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xintao Tian
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Jinping Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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4
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Hennigan K, Lavik E. Nature vs. Manmade: Comparing Exosomes and Liposomes for Traumatic Brain Injury. AAPS J 2023; 25:83. [PMID: 37610471 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) of all severities is a significant public health burden, causing a range of effects that can lead to death or a diminished quality of life. Liposomes and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes are two drug delivery agents with potential to be leveraged in the treatment of TBI by increasing the efficacy of drug therapies as well as having additional therapeutic effects. They exhibit several physical similarities, but key differences affect their performances as nanocarriers. Liposomes can be produced commercially at scale, and liposomes achieve higher encapsulation efficiency. Meanwhile, the intrinsic cargo and targeting moieties of exosomes, which liposomes lack, give exosomes a greater ability to facilitate neural regeneration, and exosomes do not trigger the infusion reactions that liposomes can. However, there are concerns about both exosomes and liposomes regarding interactions with tumors. The same routes of administration can be used for both exosomes and liposomes, resulting in somewhat different distribution throughout the body. While the effect of the nanocarrier type on accumulation in the brain is not concrete, targeting leads to increased accumulation of both exosomes and liposomes in the brain, upon which on-demand release can be used for both drug deliverers. Although neither have been applied to TBI in humans, preclinical trials have shown their immense potential, as have clinical trials pertaining to other brain injuries and conditions. While questions remain, research thus far shows that the various differences make exosomes a better choice of nanocarrier for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hennigan
- Marriotts Ridge High School, Ellicott City, Maryland, 21042, USA
| | - Erin Lavik
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA.
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5
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Kittur FS, Hung CY, Li PA, Sane DC, Xie J. Asialo-rhuEPO as a Potential Neuroprotectant for Ischemic Stroke Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:610. [PMID: 37111367 PMCID: PMC10143832 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective drugs to protect the brain against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury are urgently needed. Mammalian cell-produced recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPOM) has been demonstrated to have excellent neuroprotective functions in preclinical studies, but its neuroprotective properties could not be consistently translated in clinical trials. The clinical failure of rhuEPOM was thought to be mainly due to its erythropoietic activity-associated side effects. To exploit its tissue-protective property, various EPO derivatives with tissue-protective function only have been developed. Among them, asialo-rhuEPO, lacking terminal sialic acid residues, was shown to be neuroprotective but non-erythropoietic. Asialo-rhuEPO can be prepared by enzymatic removal of sialic acid residues from rhuEPOM (asialo-rhuEPOE) or by expressing human EPO gene in glycoengineered transgenic plants (asialo-rhuEPOP). Both types of asialo-rhuEPO, like rhuEPOM, displayed excellent neuroprotective effects by regulating multiple cellular pathways in cerebral I/R animal models. In this review, we describe the structure and properties of EPO and asialo-rhuEPO, summarize the progress on neuroprotective studies of asialo-rhuEPO and rhuEPOM, discuss potential reasons for the clinical failure of rhuEPOM with acute ischemic stroke patients, and advocate future studies needed to develop asialo-rhuEPO as a multimodal neuroprotectant for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooqahmed S. Kittur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (P.A.L.)
| | - Chiu-Yueh Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (P.A.L.)
| | - P. Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (P.A.L.)
| | - David C. Sane
- Carilion Clinic and Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA;
| | - Jiahua Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute & Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (C.-Y.H.); (P.A.L.)
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6
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Hosseini L, Karimipour M, Seyedaghamiri F, Abolhasanpour N, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mahmoudi J, Farhoudi M. Intranasal administration of mitochondria alleviated cognitive impairments and mitochondrial dysfunction in the photothrombotic model of mPFC stroke in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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7
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Adugna DG, Aragie H, Kibret AA, Belay DG. Therapeutic Application of Stem Cells in the Repair of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Cloning 2022; 15:53-61. [PMID: 35859889 PMCID: PMC9289752 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s369577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is the main cause of injury-related deaths and disabilities throughout the world, which is characterized by a disruption of the normal physiology of the brain following trauma. It can potentially cause severe complications such as physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. In addition to understanding traumatic brain injury pathophysiology, this review explains the therapeutic potential of stem cells following brain injury in two pathways: response of endogenous neurogenic cells and transplantation of exogenous stem cell therapy. After traumatic brain injuries, clinical evidence indicated that endogenous neural progenitor cells might play an important role in regenerative medicine to treat brain injury. This is due to an increased neurogenic regeneration ability of these cells following brain injury. Besides, exogenous stem cell transplantation has also accelerated immature neuronal development and increased endogenous cellular proliferation in the damaged brain region. Therefore, a better understanding of the endogenous neural stem cell’s regenerative ability and the effect of exogenous stem cells on proliferation and differentiation ability may help researchers to understand how to increase functional recovery and tissue repair following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Aragie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.,Department of Epidemiology, Institution of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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8
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Zhan L, Chen M, Pang T, Li X, Long L, Liang D, Peng L, Sun W, Xu E. Attenuation of Piwil2 induced by hypoxic postconditioning prevents cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting CREB2 promoter methylation. Brain Pathol 2022; 33:e13109. [PMID: 35794855 PMCID: PMC9836370 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. Piwil2 belongs to the PIWI proteins subfamily and has a key role in the regulation of gene transcription through epigenetics. However, the roles of Piwil2 in cerebral ischemia have not been investigated. In this study, we aim to elucidate the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Piwil2 in ischemic tolerance induced by hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We found that the expression of Piwil2 in CA1 was downregulated by HPC after tGCI. Silencing Piwil2 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) in CA1 after tGCI decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and exerted neuroprotective effects. Opposite results were observed after overexpression of Piwil2 induced by administration of Piwil2-carried lentivirus. Furthermore, we revealed differentially expressed Piwil2-interacting piRNAs in CA1 between HPC and tGCI groups by RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Moreover, downregulating Piwil2 induced by HPC or AS-ODN after tGCI caused a marked reduction of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), which in turn abolished the tGCI-induced increase in the DNA methylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding 2 (CREB2), thus increasing mRNA and protein of CREB2. Finally, downregulating Piwil2 restored dendritic complexity and length, prevented the loss of dentritic spines, thereby improving cognitive function after tGCI. These data firstly reveal that Piwil2 plays an important part in HPC-mediated neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia through epigenetic regulation of CREB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Taoyan Pang
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinyu Li
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Long Long
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Linhui Peng
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangzhouChina
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9
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Ghuman H, Perry N, Grice L, Gerwig M, Moorhead J, Nitzsche F, Poplawsky AJ, Ambrosio F, Modo M. Physical therapy exerts sub-additive and suppressive effects on intracerebral neural stem cell implantation in a rat model of stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:826-843. [PMID: 34826373 PMCID: PMC9254031 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211062955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral cell therapy (CT) is emerging as a new therapeutic paradigm for stroke. However, the impact of physical therapy (PT) on implanted cells and their ability to promote recovery remains poorly understood. To address this translational issue, a clinical-grade neural stem cell (NSC) line was implanted into peri-infarct tissue using MRI-defined injection sites, two weeks after stroke. PT in the form of aerobic exercise (AE) was administered 5 × per week post-implantation using a paradigm commonly applied in patients with stroke. A combined AE and CT exerted sub-additive therapeutic effects on sensory neglect, whereas AE suppressed CT effects on motor integration and grip strength. Behavioral testing emerged as a potentially major component for task integration. It is expected that this study will guide and inform the incorporation of PT in the design of clinical trials evaluating intraparenchymal NSCs implantation for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanvir Ghuman
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikhita Perry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Grice
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madeline Gerwig
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Moorhead
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Zhou ZW, Ren X, Zheng LJ, Li AP, Zhou WS. LncRNA NEAT1 ameliorate ischemic stroke via promoting Mfn2 expression through binding to Nova and activates Sirt3. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:653-664. [PMID: 35067795 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have significant roles in regulating the pathogenesis of ischemia stroke, and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced cell apoptosis. Aberrant expression of NEAT1 was found after the injury of ischemia-reperfusion, but the mechanism was not fully understood. METHODS The expression of NEAT1 and Mfn2 were detected in BV-2 and N2a cell with or without OGD/R-induced by qRT-PCR. Inflammatory cytokines secretion was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The oxidative stress was evaluated by the examination of ROS, MDA and SOD levels. Flow cytometry and apoptosis marker detection by western blot were performed to examined apoptosis. RESULTS The expression of NEAT1 and Mfn2 were decreased in OGD/R-induced cell model. Overexpression of NEAT1 or Mfn2 reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis by OGD/R-induced in neuronal cells, while knockdown of Sirt3 reversed the protective effect of NEAT1 and Mfn2. NEAT1 stabilized Mfn2 mRNA via recruiting Nova. NEAT1 alleviates the oxidative stress and apoptosis by OGD/R-induced via activating Sirt3. CONCLUSION LncRNA NEAT1 stabilizes Mfn2 mRNA via recruiting Nova, therefore increase the expression of Mfn2 and alleviates ischemia-reperfusion induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via Mfn2/Sirt3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Departments of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, No.89, Guhan Road, Changsha, 410016, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Nogueira AB, Hoshino HSR, Ortega NC, Dos Santos BGS, Teixeira MJ. Adult human neurogenesis: early studies clarify recent controversies and go further. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:153-172. [PMID: 34739659 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence on adult mammalian neurogenesis and scarce studies with human brains led to the idea that adult human neurogenesis occurs in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, findings published from 2018 rekindled controversies on adult human SGZ neurogenesis. We systematically reviewed studies published during the first decade of characterization of adult human neurogenesis (1994-2004) - when the two-neurogenic-niche concept in humans was consolidated - and compared with further studies. The synthesis of both periods is that adult human neurogenesis occurs in an intensity ranging from practically zero to a level comparable to adult mammalian neurogenesis in general, which is the prevailing conclusion. Nonetheless, Bernier and colleagues showed in 2000 intriguing indications of adult human neurogenesis in a broad area including the limbic system. Likewise, we later showed evidence that limbic and hypothalamic structures surrounding the circumventricular organs form a continuous zone expressing neurogenesis markers encompassing the SGZ and SVZ. The conclusion is that publications from 2018 on adult human neurogenesis did not bring novel findings on location of neurogenic niches. Rather, we expect that the search of neurogenesis beyond the canonical adult mammalian neurogenic niches will confirm our indications that adult human neurogenesis is orchestrated in a broad brain area. We predict that this approach may, for example, clarify that human hippocampal neurogenesis occurs mostly in the CA1-subiculum zone and that the previously identified human rostral migratory stream arising from the SVZ is indeed the column of the fornix expressing neurogenesis markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Barreto Nogueira
- Division of Neurosurgery (LIM 62), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Neurosurgery Service, Hospital Regional do Vale do Paraíba, Taubaté, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Division of Neurosurgery (LIM 62), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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The Need for New Biomarkers to Assist with Stroke Prevention and Prediction of Post-Stroke Therapy Based on Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091226. [PMID: 34572411 PMCID: PMC8466486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of having a stroke event doubles each decade after the age of 55. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop neurorestorative therapies of stroke which occurs mostly in elderly people. However, to date, patients at risk for these sequels of stroke are not duly diagnosed and treated due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles that are shed by the brain cells and are able to cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the blood stream; thus, they may be used to interrogate molecular and cellular events in the brain damaged area. In this review, we summarize the major molecular and cellular responses of astroglia and neurons to cerebral ischemia and assess their impact on post-stroke recovery and rehabilitation. In particular, we ask if EVs secreted by brain cells are responses to cerebral ischemia, and they may shed new light on the interplay between exosomes-mediated interactions between brain cells and the question of how to exploit it in order to predict the individual course of the disease and to introduce specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. Given these findings, we are left with two options: either to (i) transplant neuronal precursors into the damaged cortical area or (ii) to covert abundantly present proliferating astrocytes in the perilesional area into neurons by using recently developed genetic technologies. However, given the complexity of molecular and cellular responses to cerebral ischemia and our limited capabilities to restore brain structure and function, we are left with only one realistic aim: to invest more in prevention.
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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14
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Roth S, Yang J, Cramer JV, Malik R, Liesz A. Detection of cytokine-induced sickness behavior after ischemic stroke by an optimized behavioral assessment battery. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:668-672. [PMID: 33197540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes severe and long-lasting symptoms in patients. Besides focal deficits such as speech impairment and limb weakness, stroke also results in neuropsychiatric symptoms, including fatigue, anxiety, and depression, which are debilitating and often impair post-stroke rehabilitation. However, in experimental stroke research, the study of neuropsychiatric symptoms and their therapeutic targeting has so far been largely neglected, which can be mainly attributed to the lack of appropriate tools to investigate such deficits in mice. Here, we report that neuropsychiatric symptoms can be differentiated from focal deficits and specifically modulated independent of treating the primary lesion. In order to achieve this, we developed a novel behavior analysis tool by assessing test performance of various tests, combining outcome parameters to cover functional domains of focal and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and finally weighted results into a time point-specific score. This weighted score enabled us to clearly differentiate focal deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms and detect these until the chronic phase after stroke. Using this analysis tool, we detected that neutralizing systemic cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) specifically ameliorated neuropsychiatric symptoms but did not affect focal deficits or lesion volume. Hence, most conventional studies analyzing only focal deficits and lesion volume as primary outcome measures would have missed these significant and translationally relevant therapeutic effects. We anticipate that these findings will encourage more detailed analyses of neuropsychiatric symptoms particularly for anti-inflammatory therapies in stroke and that the presented weighted composite score will facilitate this development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roth
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia V Cramer
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), 80336 Munich, Germany.
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15
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Kannan A, Delgardo M, Pennington-FitzGerald W, Jiang EX, Christophe BR, Connolly ES. Pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 22:897-906. [PMID: 33382005 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1856815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: For elderly adults in the United States, stroke is the fifth leading cause of death of which ischemic strokes comprise a vast majority. Optimal pharmacological management of elderly ischemic stroke patients involves both reperfusion and supportive care. Recent research into pharmacological management has focused on vascular, immunomodulatory, cytoprotective, and alternative agents, some of which have shown limited success in clinical trials. However, no treatments have been established as a reliable mode for management of cerebral ischemia for elderly adults beyond acute thrombolysis.Areas covered: The authors conducted a literature search for ischemic stroke management in the elderly and a search for human drug studies for managing ischemic stroke on clinicaltrials.gov. Here, they describe recent progress in the pharmacological management of cerebral ischemia in the elderly.Expert opinion: Many drug classes (antihypertensive, cytoprotective and immunomodulatory, and alternative agents) have been explored with limited success in managing ischemic stroke, though some have shown preventative benefits. We generally observed a broad gap in evidence on elderly patients from studies across all drug classes, necessitating further studies to gain an understanding of effective management of ischemic stroke in this large demographic of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Kannan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mychael Delgardo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Enoch X Jiang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon R Christophe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ, Kocki J, Januszewski S, Bogucki J, Bogucka-Kocka A, Pluta R. Dysregulation of Autophagy, Mitophagy, and Apoptosis Genes in the CA3 Region of the Hippocampus in the Ischemic Model of Alzheimer's Disease in the Rat. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:1279-1286. [PMID: 31707369 PMCID: PMC6971835 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no knowledge about the expression profile of the autophagy (BECN1), mitophagy (BNIP3), and apoptosis (CASP3) genes in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after cerebral ischemia. In addition, it is unknown whether genes for BECN1, BNIP3, and CASP3 have any effect on the neuronal death in the CA3 area of the hippocampus due to ischemia. In this study, for the first time, we present, by means of a quantitative PCR protocol with reverse transcriptase, the expression of BECN1 and CASP3 genes in the neuronal CA3 region of the hippocampus with the co-expression of the mitochondrial BNIP3 gene, which genes are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, in the ischemic model of Alzheimer’s disease in the rat. The present study showed that after ischemia, the CASP3 gene was significantly expressed within 7–30 days, the BECN1 gene was significantly overexpressed on the thirtieth day, and the BINP3 gene was lowered below control values during post-ischemic follow-up period. The caspase-dependent neuronal death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after ischemia is not accompanied by overexpression of the BNIP3 gene. Our data may therefore suggest a new insight into the BNIP3 gene in the regulation of neuronal mitophagy in neurodegeneration in the CA3 region of the hippocampus after ischemia. This indicates no involvement of the BNIP3 gene along with the CASP3 gene in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in delayed neuronal death after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ułamek-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Januszewski
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Bogucki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Bogucka-Kocka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Blood-based biomarkers and stem cell therapy in human stroke: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6247-6258. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Gresita A, Glavan D, Udristoiu I, Catalin B, Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A. Very Low Efficiency of Direct Reprogramming of Astrocytes Into Neurons in the Brains of Young and Aged Mice After Cerebral Ischemia. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:334. [PMID: 31849638 PMCID: PMC6902079 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After cerebral ischemia, the ratio between astroglial cells and neurons in the neurovascular unit is disrupted in the perilesional area. We hypothesized that restoring the balance within the neurovascular unit may lead to an improved neurorestoration after focal ischemia. Recently, an innovative technology has been invented to efficiently convert proliferating astroglial cells into neurons in the injured young brain. However, the conversion efficacy of this technology has not been explored in the post-stroke brains of the aged rodents. To this end, we used a retroviral delivery system encoding the transcription factor Ngn2 alone or in combination with the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2 to target proliferating astrocytes in the neocortex of young and aged mice after cerebral ischemia. Successful direct in vivo reprogramming of reactive glia into neuroblasts and mature neurons was assessed by cellular phenotyping. We found that the conversion efficacy of proliferating astrocytes into neurons after cerebral ischemia in young and aged mice is disappointingly low, most likely because the therapeutic vectors carrying the conversion gene are engulfed by phagocytes shortly after intracortical administration. We conclude that other viral vectors and combinations of transcription factors should be employed to improve the efficacy of glia-to-neuron conversion after stroke in young and aged rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Gresita
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Catalin
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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19
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Henriques D, Moreira R, Schwamborn J, Pereira de Almeida L, Mendonça LS. Successes and Hurdles in Stem Cells Application and Production for Brain Transplantation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1194. [PMID: 31802998 PMCID: PMC6877657 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regenerative strategies through the transplantation of stem cells hold the potential to promote functional rescue of brain lesions caused either by trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the positive modulations fostered by stem cells are fueled by bystander effects, namely increase of neurotrophic factors levels and reduction of neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of cell therapies is to promote cell replacement. Therefore, the ability of stem cells to migrate and differentiate into neurons that later become integrated into the host neuronal network replacing the lost neurons has also been largely explored. However, as most of the preclinical studies demonstrate, there is a small functional integration of graft-derived neurons into host neuronal circuits. Thus, it is mandatory to better study the whole brain cell therapy approach in order to understand what should be better comprehended concerning graft-derived neuronal and glial cells migration and integration before we can expect these therapies to be ready as a viable solution for brain disorder treatment. Therefore, this review discusses the positive mechanisms triggered by cell transplantation into the brain, the limitations of adult brain plasticity that might interfere with the neuroregeneration process, as well as some strategies tested to overcome some of these limitations. It also considers the efforts that have been made by the regulatory authorities to lead to better standardization of preclinical and clinical studies in this field in order to reduce the heterogeneity of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jens Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana S Mendonça
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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20
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Pei X, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhou Z. Astrocyte-derived exosomes suppress autophagy and ameliorate neuronal damage in experimental ischemic stroke. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Tuazon JP, Castelli V, Borlongan CV. Drug-like delivery methods of stem cells as biologics for stroke. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:823-833. [PMID: 31311344 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1645116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cell therapy is an experimental treatment for brain disorders. Although a cellular product, stem cells can be classified as biologics based on the cells' secretion of therapeutic substances. Treatment with stem cell biologics may appeal to stroke because of the secondary cell death mechanisms, especially neuroinflammation, that are rampant from the onset and remain elevated during the progressive phase of the disease requiring multi-pronged biological targets to effectively abrogate the neurodegenerative pathology. However, the optimal delivery methods, among other logistical approaches (i.e. cell doses and timing of intervention), for stem cell therapy will need to be refined before stem cell biologics can be successfully utilized for stroke in large scale clinical trials. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss how the innate qualities of stem cells characterize them as biologics, how stem cell transplantation may be an ideal treatment for stroke, and the various routes of stem cell administration that have been employed in various preclinical and clinical investigations. Expert opinion: There is a need to optimize the delivery of stem cell biologics for stroke in order to guide the safe and effective translation of this therapy from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Tuazon
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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22
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Popa-Wagner A, Hermann D, Gresita A. Genetic conversion of proliferative astroglia into neurons after cerebral ischemia: a new therapeutic tool for the aged brain? GeroScience 2019; 41:363-368. [PMID: 31300928 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke represents the 2nd leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause for long-term disabilities, for which no cure exists. After stroke, neurons are frequently lost in the infarct core. On the other hand, other cells such as astrocytes become reactive and proliferative, disrupting the neurovascular unit in the lesioned area, especially in the aged brain. Therefore, restoring the balance between neurons and nonneuronal cells within the perilesional area is crucial for post stroke recovery. In addition, the aged post stroke brain mounts a fulminant proliferative astroglial response leading to the buildup of gliotic scars that prevent neural regeneration. Therefore, "melting" glial scars has been attempted for decades, albeit with little success. Alternative strategies include transforming inhibitory gliotic tissue into an environment conducive to neuronal regeneration and axonal growth by genetic conversion of astrocytes into neurons. The latter idea has gained momentum following the discovery that in vivo direct lineage reprogramming in the adult mammalian brain is a feasible strategy for reprogramming nonneuronal cells into neurons. This exciting new technology emerged as a new approach to circumvent cell transplantation for stroke therapy. However, the potential of this new methodology has not been yet tested to improve restoration of structure and function in the hostile environment caused by the fulminant inflammatory reaction in the brains of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania. .,Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Dirk Hermann
- Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing Research, Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrei Gresita
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
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23
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Endothelial progenitor cells: Potential novel therapeutics for ischaemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:181-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Giebel B, Hermann DM. Identification of the right cell sources for the production of therapeutically active extracellular vesicles in ischemic stroke. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:188. [PMID: 31205906 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.03.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Giebel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Satani N, Cai C, Giridhar K, McGhiey D, George S, Parsha K, Nghiem DM, Valenzuela KS, Riecke J, Vahidy FS, Savitz SI. World-Wide Efficacy of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Preclinical Ischemic Stroke Models: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 31068894 PMCID: PMC6491581 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Following extensive, positive results in pre-clinical experiments, Bone Marrow Derived-Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (BM-MSCs) are now being tested as a novel therapy for ischemic stroke in ongoing clinical trials. However, multiple critical questions relating to their translational application remain to be clarified. We performed a comprehensive, systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of BM-MSCs on functional outcomes after ischemic stroke, as well as the independent role of translational factors on their effect size. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature and identified articles using BM-MSCs in animal models of focal ischemic stroke. After abstraction of all relevant data, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the combined effect size of behavioral endpoints after BM-MSC administration. To describe the effect size across many behavioral outcomes, we divided these outcomes into four categories: (1) Composite scores, (2) Motor Tests, (3) Sensorimotor Tests, and (4) Cognitive Tests. We also performed a meta-regression analysis for measuring the effect of individual characteristics of BM-MSC administration on the effect size. Results: Our results from 141 articles indicate a significant beneficial effect on composite, motor, and sensorimotor outcomes after treatment with BM-MSCs compared to control groups. We found no major differences in treatment effect based on delivery route, dose, fresh vs. frozen preparation, or passage number. There were no consistent findings supporting a difference in treatment effect based on time windows from acute periods (0–6 h) vs. later windows (2–7 days). Furthermore, these positive treatment effects on functional outcome were consistent across different labs in different parts of the world as well as over the last 18 years. There was a negative correlation between publication year and impact factor. Conclusions: Our results show worldwide efficacy of BM-MSCs in improving functional outcomes in pre-clinical animal models of stroke and support testing these cells in clinical trials in various ranges of time windows using different delivery routes. The continued growing number of publications showing functional benefit of BM-MSCs are now adding limited value to an oversaturated literature spanning 18 years. Researchers should focus on identifying definitive mechanisms on how BM-MSCs lead to benefit in stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Satani
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chunyan Cai
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,McGovern Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaavya Giridhar
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daryl McGhiey
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah George
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kaushik Parsha
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Duyen M Nghiem
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Krystal S Valenzuela
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Jenny Riecke
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Farhaan S Vahidy
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean I Savitz
- McGovern Medical School, Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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26
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Mu J, Bakreen A, Juntunen M, Korhonen P, Oinonen E, Cui L, Myllyniemi M, Zhao S, Miettinen S, Jolkkonen J. Combined Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Rehabilitation in Experimental Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:235. [PMID: 30972000 PMCID: PMC6443824 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective: Stroke is a leading global cause of adult disability. As the population ages as well as suffers co-morbidities, it is expected that the stroke burden will increase further. There are no established safe and effective restorative treatments to facilitate a good functional outcome in stroke patients. Cell-based therapies, which have a wide therapeutic window, might benefit a large percentage of patients, especially if combined with different restorative strategies. In this study, we tested whether the therapeutic effect of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) could be further enhanced by rehabilitation in an experimental model of stroke. Methods: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by permanently occluding the distal middle cerebral artery (MCAO). After the intravenous infusion of vehicle (n = 46) or ADMSCs (2 × 106) either at 2 (n = 37) or 7 (n = 7) days after the operation, half of the animals were housed in an enriched environment mimicking rehabilitation. Subsequently, their behavioral recovery was assessed by a neurological score, and performance in the cylinder and sticky label tests during a 42-day behavioral follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, rats were perfused for histology to assess the extent of angiogenesis (RECA-1), gliosis (GFAP), and glial scar formation. Results: No adverse effects were observed during the follow-up. Combined ADMSC therapy and rehabilitation improved forelimb use in the cylinder test in comparison to MCAO controls on post-operative days 21 and 42 (P < 0.01). In the sticky label test, ADMSCs and rehabilitation alone or together, significantly decreased the removal time as compared to MCAO controls on post-operative days 21 and 42. An early initiation of combined therapy seemed to be more effective. Infarct size, measured by MRI on post-operative days 1 and 43, did not differ between the experimental groups. Stereological counting revealed an ischemia-induced increase both in the density of blood vessels and the numbers of glial cells in the perilesional cortex, but there were no differences among MCAO groups. Glial scar volume was also similar in MCAO groups. Conclusion: Early delivery of ADMSCs and combined rehabilitation enhanced behavioral recovery in an experimental stroke model. The mechanisms underlying these treatment effects remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Mu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Miia Juntunen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Korhonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ella Oinonen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lili Cui
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Myllyniemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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27
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Raza SS, Wagner AP, Hussain YS, Khan MA. Mechanisms underlying dental-derived stem cell-mediated neurorestoration in neurodegenerative disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 30257724 PMCID: PMC6158826 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders have a complex pathology and are characterized by a progressive loss of neuronal architecture in the brain or spinal cord. Neuroprotective agents have demonstrated promising results at the preclinical stage, but this has not been confirmed at the clinical stage. Thus far, no neuroprotective drug that can prevent neuronal degeneration in patients with neurodegenerative disorders is available. MAIN BODY Recent studies have focused on neurorestorative measures, such as cell-based therapy, rather than neuroprotective treatment. The utility of cell-based approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has been explored extensively, and the results have been somewhat promising with regard to reversing the outcome. Because of their neural crest origin, ease of harvest, accessibility, ethical suitability, and potential to differentiate into the neurogenic lineage, dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source for cell-based neurorestoration therapies. In the present review, we summarize the possible use of DSC-based neurorestoration therapy as an alternative treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular emphasis on the mechanism underlying recovery in neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION Transplantation research in neurodegenerative diseases should aim to understand the mechanism providing benefits both at the molecular and functional level. Due to their ease of accessibility, plasticity, and ethical suitability, DSCs hold promise to overcome the existing challenges in the field of neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, such as cell replacement, bystander effect, vasculogenesis, synaptogenesis, immunomodulation, and by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India. .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Aurel Popa Wagner
- Departmentof Dental Materials, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Subhash Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302002, India.,Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Yawer S Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
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28
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Shao M, Shen Y, Sun H, Meng D, Huo W, Qi X. Protectiveness of Artesunate Given Prior Ischemic Cerebral Infarction Is Mediated by Increased Autophagy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:634. [PMID: 30174640 PMCID: PMC6107698 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemic cerebral infarction is a severe clinical condition that can cause serious mortality. Artesunate, an anti-malarial drug that is widely used in cancer treatment, is known to facilitate accelerated cell apoptosis. The aim of this study is to explore the possible neuroprotective effects of artesunate on hypoxic-ischemic cells in rats. Methods: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats were treated with artesunate in different doses to observe their survival rate. Primary hippocampal neurons were deprived of oxygen-glucose to induce ischemia symptoms. Western blot was performed to determine the protein expressions of p-mTOR, Beclin-1, and Mcl-1. A five-point scale was used to detect neurological deficit. Cell apoptosis was measured using a TUNEL assay. Results: Artesunate supplementation protected MCAO rats from death and ameliorated brain injury among them. Artesunate administration decreased the expression of p-mTOR, increased the expressions of Beclin-1 and Mcl-1, and decreased the activity of caspase-3 in both the rats' ischemia cerebral cortices and their primary ischemia hippocampal neurons when compared with artesunate-absent ischemic brains and cells. The neuroprotective effects of artesunate were abolished by either leucine (LEU) or 3-MA, while the effects of rapamycin were reversed by 3-MA. In vivo experiments verified the protective effects of artesunate on brain-infarct rats. Conclusion: The results indicate the protectiveness of artesunate against ischemic cerebral infarction, whereas the protectiveness might increase autophagy through regulating the activity of mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Delong Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Qi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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29
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Liu B, Chen X, Zhang S. Challenges and research progress of the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Brain Dev 2018; 40:612-626. [PMID: 29661589 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke (CIS) has become a hot issue in medical research because of the diversity of risk factors and the uncertainty of prognosis. In the field of regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an increasingly prominent position due to their advantages of multiple differentiation, low immunogenicity and wide application. In the basic and clinical research of CIS, there are still some problems to be solved in the treatment of CIS. This paper will discuss the progresses and some obstacles of current MSCs for the treatment of CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Jiang
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Chenglin Road No. 220, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road No. 22, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Baohu Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuquan Road No. 88, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Chenglin Road No. 220, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease of Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of People's Armed Police Forces, Chenglin Road No. 220, Tianjin 300162, China.
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30
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Zhao C, Könönen M, Vanninen R, Pitkänen K, Hiekkala S, Jolkkonen J. Translating experimental evidence to finding novel ways to promote motor recovery in stroke patients – a review. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 36:519-533. [PMID: 29889087 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-180814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kauko Pitkänen
- Brain Research and Rehabilitation Center Neuron, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sinikka Hiekkala
- Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine – Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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31
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Griffin JH, Zlokovic BV, Mosnier LO. Activated protein C, protease activated receptor 1, and neuroprotection. Blood 2018; 132:159-169. [PMID: 29866816 PMCID: PMC6043978 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-769026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein C is a plasma serine protease zymogen whose active form, activated protein C (APC), exerts potent anticoagulant activity. In addition to its antithrombotic role as a plasma protease, pharmacologic APC is a pleiotropic protease that activates diverse homeostatic cell signaling pathways via multiple receptors on many cells. Engineering of APC by site-directed mutagenesis provided a signaling selective APC mutant with 3 Lys residues replaced by 3 Ala residues, 3K3A-APC, that lacks >90% anticoagulant activity but retains normal cell signaling activities. This 3K3A-APC mutant exerts multiple potent neuroprotective activities, which require the G-protein-coupled receptor, protease activated receptor 1. Potent neuroprotection in murine ischemic stroke models is linked to 3K3A-APC-induced signaling that arises due to APC's cleavage in protease activated receptor 1 at a noncanonical Arg46 site. This cleavage causes biased signaling that provides a major explanation for APC's in vivo mechanism of action for neuroprotective activities. 3K3A-APC appeared to be safe in ischemic stroke patients and reduced bleeding in the brain after tissue plasminogen activator therapy in a recent phase 2 clinical trial. Hence, it merits further clinical testing for its efficacy in ischemic stroke patients. Recent studies using human fetal neural stem and progenitor cells show that 3K3A-APC promotes neurogenesis in vitro as well as in vivo in the murine middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model. These recent advances should encourage translational research centered on signaling selective APC's for both single-agent therapies and multiagent combination therapies for ischemic stroke and other neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Griffin
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA; and
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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32
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Popa-Wagner A, Glavan DG, Olaru A, Olaru DG, Margaritescu O, Tica O, Surugiu R, Sandu RE. Present Status and Future Challenges of New Therapeutic Targets in Preclinical Models of Stroke in Aged Animals with/without Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020356. [PMID: 29370078 PMCID: PMC5855578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process, comorbidities, and age-associated diseases are closely dependent on each other. Cerebral ischemia impacts a wide range of systems in an age-dependent manner. However, the aging process has many facets which are influenced by the genetic background and epigenetic or environmental factors, which can explain why some people age differently than others. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify age-related changes in body functions or structures that increase the risk for stroke and which are associated with a poor outcome. Multimodal imaging, electrophysiology, cell biology, proteomics, and transcriptomics, offer a useful approach to link structural and functional changes in the aging brain, with or without comorbidities, to post-stroke rehabilitation. This can help us to improve our knowledge about senescence firstly, and in this context, aids in elucidating the pathophysiology of age-related diseases that allows us to develop therapeutic strategies or prevent diseases. These processes, including potential therapeutical interventions, need to be studied first in relevant preclinical models using aged animals, with and without comorbidities. Therefore, preclinical research on ischemic stroke should consider age as the most important risk factor for cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, the identification of effective therapeutic strategies, corroborated with successful translational studies, will have a dramatic impact on the lives of millions of people with cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, Queensland Eye Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia.
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Gabriela Glavan
- Psychiatry Clinic Hospital, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru Rares Street 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Andrei Olaru
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | | | - Otilia Margaritescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Oana Tica
- Department of "Mother and Child", University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
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33
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Sandu RE, Dumbrava D, Surugiu R, Glavan DG, Gresita A, Petcu EB. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Non-Pharmaceutical Ischemic Stroke Therapy in Aged Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010099. [PMID: 29286319 PMCID: PMC5796049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke in humans increases exponentially above 70 years both in men and women. Comorbidities like diabetes, arterial hypertension or co-morbidity factors such as hypercholesterolemia, obesity and body fat distribution as well as fat-rich diet and physical inactivity are common in elderly persons and are associated with higher risk of stroke, increased mortality and disability. Obesity could represent a state of chronic inflammation that can be prevented to some extent by non-pharmaceutical interventions such as calorie restriction and hypothermia. Indeed, recent results suggest that H₂S-induced hypothermia in aged, overweight rats could have a higher probability of success in treating stroke as compared to other monotherapies, by reducing post-stroke brain inflammation. Likewise, it was recently reported that weight reduction prior to stroke, in aged, overweight rats induced by caloric restriction, led to an early re-gain of weight and a significant improvement in recovery of complex sensorimotor skills, cutaneous sensitivity, or spatial memory. CONCLUSION animal models of stroke done in young animals ignore age-associated comorbidities and may explain, at least in part, the unsuccessful bench-to-bedside translation of neuroprotective strategies for ischemic stroke in aged subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Elena Sandu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Danut Dumbrava
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Daniela-Gabriela Glavan
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Andrei Gresita
- Department of Functional Sciences, Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova 200349, Romania.
| | - Eugen Bogdan Petcu
- Gold Coast Campus, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport 4222, Australia.
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Archambault J, Moreira A, McDaniel D, Winter L, Sun L, Hornsby P. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189895. [PMID: 29261798 PMCID: PMC5736208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating neurologic condition with high mortality rates and long-term complications for surviving infants. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as novel therapeutic agents with promising results in experimental studies of HIE. The purpose of this study is to (a) methodically review the current preclinical literature describing MSC therapy in animal models of HIE, (b) quantify the effect size in regards to functional neurologic outcome, and (c) identify research gaps/limitations that should be addressed prior to future preclinical and clinical studies. METHODS Adhering to the Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies, a systematic search of English articles was performed. Eligible studies were identified and data regarding study characteristics and outcome measures was extracted. After quality assessment, meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to generate random effect size using standardized mean difference (SMD). Funnel plots and Egger's tests were utilized to evaluate for the presence of publication bias. RESULTS A total of 19 studies met inclusion in the current systematic review. Meta-analysis revealed that MSCs have a significant positive effect on neurobehavioral outcome following HIE injury. Sensorimotor function was improved by 2.25 SMD (95% CI; 2.04-2.46) in cylinder rearing and 2.97 SMD (95% CI; 2.56-3.38) in rotarod. Likewise, cognitive function was improved by 2.76 SMD (95% CI; 2.53-2.98) on the water maze and 2.97 SMD (95% CI; 2.58-3.35) in object recognition. Stratification demonstrated an increased effect size depending on various study characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest a promising role for MSCs in preclinical studies of HIE. MSC treatment demonstrates improved functional outcomes that are encouraging for future translational studies. While risk of bias and heterogeneity limited the strength of our meta-analysis, our results are consistent with those seen in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Archambault
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dawn McDaniel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lauryn Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - LuZhe Sun
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Hornsby
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health-San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Sarmah D, Kaur H, Saraf J, Pravalika K, Goswami A, Kalia K, Borah A, Wang X, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Getting Closer to an Effective Intervention of Ischemic Stroke: The Big Promise of Stem Cell. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:356-374. [PMID: 29075984 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke has widely been explored. Results from both preclinical and clinical studies have immensely supported the judicious use of stem cells as therapy. These provide an attractive means for preserving and replacing the damaged brain tissues following an ischemic attack. Since the past few years, researchers have used various types of stem cells to replenish insulted neuronal and glial cells in neurological disorders. In the present review, we discuss different types of stem cells employed for the treatment of ischemic stroke and mechanisms and challenges these cells face once introduced into the living system. Further, we also present different ways to maneuver and overcome challenges to translate the advances made at the preclinical level to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Avirag Goswami
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Can adjunctive therapies augment the efficacy of endovascular thrombolysis? A potential role for activated protein C. Neuropharmacology 2017; 134:293-301. [PMID: 28923278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the management of acute ischemic stroke, vessel recanalization correlates with functional status, mortality, cost, and other outcome measures. Thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator has many limitations that restrict its applicability, but recent advances in the development of mechanical thrombectomy devices as well as improved systems of stroke care have resulted in greater likelihood of vessel revascularization. Nonetheless, there remains substantial discrepancy between rates of recanalization and rates of favorable outcome. The poor neurological recovery among some stroke patients despite successful recanalization confirms the need for adjuvant pharmacological therapy for neuroprotection and/or neurorestoration. Prior clinical trials of such drugs may have failed due to the inability of the agent to access the ischemic tissue beyond the occluded artery. A protocol that couples revascularization with concurrent delivery of a neuroprotectant drug offers the potential to enhance the benefit of thrombolysis. Analogs of activated protein C (APC) exert pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antithrombotic, cytoprotective, and neuroregenerative effects in ischemic stroke and thus appear to be promising candidates for this novel approach. A multicenter, prospective, double-blinded, dose-escalation Phase 2 randomized clinical trial has enrolled 110 patients to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of human recombinant 3K3A-APC following endovascular thrombolysis. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
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37
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Cui LL, Nitzsche F, Pryazhnikov E, Tibeykina M, Tolppanen L, Rytkönen J, Huhtala T, Mu JW, Khiroug L, Boltze J, Jolkkonen J. Integrin α4 Overexpression on Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Transmigration and Reduces Cerebral Embolism After Intracarotid Injection. Stroke 2017; 48:2895-2900. [PMID: 28916665 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Very late antigen-4 (integrin α4β1)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediates leukocyte trafficking and transendothelial migration after stroke. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) typically express integrin β1 but insufficient ITGA4 (integrin α4), which limits their homing after intravascular transplantation. We tested whether ITGA4 overexpression on MSCs increases cerebral homing after intracarotid transplantation and reduces MSC-borne cerebral embolism. METHODS Rat MSCs were lentivirally transduced to overexpress ITGA4. In vitro transendothelial migration was assessed using a Boyden chamber assay. Male Wistar rats intracarotidly received 0.5×106 control or modified MSCs 24 hours after sham or stroke surgery. In vivo behavior of MSCs in the cerebral vasculature was observed by intravital microscopy and single-photon emission computed tomography for up to 72 hours. RESULTS Transendothelial migration of ITGA4-overexpressing MSCs was increased in vitro. MSCs were passively entrapped in microvessels in vivo and occasionally formed large cell aggregates causing local blood flow interruptions. MSCs were rarely found in perivascular niches or parenchyma at 72 hours post-transplantation, but ITGA4 overexpression significantly decreased cell aggregation and ameliorated the evoked cerebral embolism in stroke rats. CONCLUSIONS ITGA4 overexpression on MSCs enhances transendothelial migration in vitro, but not in vivo, although it improves safety after intracarotid transplantation into stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Cui
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Franziska Nitzsche
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Evgeny Pryazhnikov
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Marina Tibeykina
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Laura Tolppanen
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Jussi Rytkönen
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Tuulia Huhtala
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Jing-Wei Mu
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Leonard Khiroug
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Johannes Boltze
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- From the Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (L.-l.C., J.-w.M., J.J.); Department of Cell Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany (F.N.); McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (F.N.); In Vivo Brain Microscopy Unit, Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (E.P., M.T., L.K.); Charles River DRS Finland, Kuopio (L.T., J.R., T.H.); Department of Translational Medicine and Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Research Institution for Marine Biotechnology and Institute for Medical and Marine Biotechnology, University of Lübeck, Germany (J.B.); and Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland (J.J.).
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Akhoundzadeh K, Vakili A, Sameni HR, Vafaei AA, Rashidy-Pour A, Safari M, Mohammadkhani R. Effects of the combined treatment of bone marrow stromal cells with mild exercise and thyroid hormone on brain damage and apoptosis in a mouse focal cerebral ischemia model. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1267-1277. [PMID: 28547077 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether post-stroke bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) therapy combined with exercise (EX) and/or thyroid hormone (TH) could reduce brain damage in an experimental ischemic stroke in mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced under Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) guide by 45 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 7 days of reperfusion in albino mice. BMSCs were injected into the right cerebral ventricle 24 h after MCAO, followed by daily injection of T3 (20 μg/100 g weight S.C) and 6 days of running on a treadmill. Infarct size, neurobehavioral test, TUNEL and BrdU positive cells were evaluated at 7 days after MCAO. Treatment with BMSCs and mild EX alone significantly reduced the infarct volume by 23% and 44%, respectively (both, p < 0.001). The BMSCs + TH, BMSCs + EX, and BMSCs + EX + TH combination therapies significantly reduced the infarct volume by 26%, 51%, and 70%, respectively (all, p < 0.001). A significant improvement in the neurobehavioral functioning was observed in the EX, BMSCs + EX, and BMSCs + EX+ TH groups (p < 0.001). The number of TUNEL-positive cells (a marker of apoptosis) was significantly reduced in the EX, BMSCs, BMSCs + EX, BMSCs + TH, and BMSCs + EX + TH groups (all, p < 0.001). Moreover, the combination therapy considerably increased BrdU-labeled cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) (p < 0.01). Our findings indicated that the combined treatment of BMSCs with mild EX and TH more efficiently reduces the cerebral infarct size after stroke. More likely, these effects mediate via enchaining generation of new neuronal cells and the attenuation of apoptosis in ischemia stroke in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobar Akhoundzadeh
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abedin Vakili
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Sameni
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Safari
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammadkhani
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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39
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Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Gazdikova K, Gasparova I, Valentova V, Stollarova N, La Rocca G, Kobyliak N, Dragasek J, Mozos I, Prosecky R, Siniscalco D, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P. Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:60-69. [PMID: 28448871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and perinatal stem cells to neurodegenerative disorders and we will describe their immunomodulatory mechanisms of action in specific therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Stollarova
- Catholic University in Ružomberok, Faculty of Pedagogy, Department of Biology and Ecology, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merciful Brotherś Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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40
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Gobshtis N, Tfilin M, Wolfson M, Fraifeld VE, Turgeman G. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells reverses behavioural deficits and impaired neurogenesis caused by prenatal exposure to valproic acid. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17443-17452. [PMID: 28407680 PMCID: PMC5392261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental impairment can affect lifelong brain functions such as cognitive and social behaviour, and may contribute to aging-related changes of these functions. In the present study, we hypothesized that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) administration may repair neurodevelopmental behavioural deficits by modulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Indeed, postnatal intracerebral transplantation of MSC has restored cognitive and social behaviour in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA). MSC transplantation also restored post-developmental hippocampal neurogenesis, which was impaired in VPA-exposed mice displaying delayed differentiation and maturation of newly formed neurons in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Importantly, a statistically significant correlation was found between neuronal differentiation scores and behavioural scores, suggesting a mechanistic relation between the two. We thus conclude that post-developmental MSC administration can overcome prenatal neurodevelopmental deficits and restore cognitive and social behaviours via modulation of hippocampal adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Gobshtis
- Departments of Pre-Medical Studies & Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israe
| | - Matanel Tfilin
- Departments of Pre-Medical Studies & Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Marina Wolfson
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israe
| | - Vadim E. Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israe
| | - Gadi Turgeman
- Departments of Pre-Medical Studies & Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Sandu RE, Balseanu AT, Bogdan C, Slevin M, Petcu E, Popa-Wagner A. Stem cell therapies in preclinical models of stroke. Is the aged brain microenvironment refractory to cell therapy? Exp Gerontol 2017; 94:73-77. [PMID: 28093317 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating disease demanding vigorous search for new therapies. Initial enthusiasm to stimulate restorative processes in the ischemic brain by means of cell-based therapies has meanwhile converted into a more balanced view recognizing impediments that may be related to unfavorable age-associated environments. Recent results using a variety of drug, cell therapy or combination thereof suggest that, (i) treatment with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) in aged rats has primarily a beneficial effect on functional outcome most likely via supportive cellular processes such as neurogenesis; (ii) the combination therapy, G-CSF with mesenchymal cells (G-CSF+BM-MSC or G-CSF+BM-MNC) did not further improve behavioral indices, neurogenesis or infarct volume as compared to G-CSF alone in aged animals; (iii) better results with regard to integration of transplanted cells in the aged rat environment have been obtained using iPS of human origin; (iv) mesenchymal cells may be used as drug carriers for the aged post-stroke brains. CONCLUSION While the middle aged brain does not seem to impair drug and cell therapies, in a real clinical practice involving older post-stroke patients, successful regenerative therapies would have to be carried out for a much longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Elena Sandu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Chair of Biochemistry, Neurobiology of Aging Group, Romania
| | - Adrian Tudor Balseanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Chair of Biochemistry, Neurobiology of Aging Group, Romania
| | - Catalin Bogdan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Chair of Biochemistry, Neurobiology of Aging Group, Romania
| | - Mark Slevin
- Department of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Eugen Petcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Rostock, Germany; University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Chair of Biochemistry, Neurobiology of Aging Group, Romania.
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42
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Chan HH, Wathen CA, Ni M, Zhuo S. Stem cell therapies for ischemic stroke: current animal models, clinical trials and biomaterials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the facilitation of stem cell therapy in stroke by tissue engineering and applications of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh H. Chan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
- Department of Neuroscience
| | | | - Ming Ni
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- P. R. China
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43
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Liu NW, Ke CC, Zhao Y, Chen YA, Chan KC, Tan DTW, Lee JS, Chen YY, Hsu TW, Hsieh YJ, Chang CW, Yang BH, Huang WS, Liu RS. Evolutional Characterization of Photochemically Induced Stroke in Rats: a Multimodality Imaging and Molecular Biological Study. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 8:244-256. [PMID: 27910074 PMCID: PMC5435782 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photochemically induced cerebral ischemia is an easy-manipulated, reproducible, relatively noninvasive, and lesion controllable model for translational study of ischemic stroke. In order to longitudinally investigate the characterization of the model, magnetic resonance imaging, 18F-2-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography, fluorescence, and bioluminescence imaging system were performed in correlation with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry examinations of glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD68, NeuN, von willebrand factor, and α-smooth muscle actin in the infarct zone. The results suggested that the number of inflammatory cells, astrocytes, and neovascularization significantly elevated in peri-infarct region from day 7 and a belt of macrophage/microglial and astrocytes was formed surrounding infarct lesion at day 14. Both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema, as well as blood brain-barrier leakage, occurred since day 1 after stroke induction and gradually attenuated with time. Numerous cells other than neuronal cells infiltrated into infarct lesion, which resulted in no visible TTC negative regional existence at day 14. Furthermore, recovery of cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in peri-infarct zone were noted and more remarkably than that in infarct core following the stroke progression. In conclusion, these characterizations may be highly beneficial to the development of therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, 999078, Macau.
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kim-Chuan Chan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David Tat-Wei Tan
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Shian Lee
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Medical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core/Taiwan Mouse Clinic, National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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44
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Zhu CY, Wang Y, Zeng QX, Qian Y, Li H, Yang ZX, Yang YM, Zhang Q, Li FF, Liu SL. Combined effects of age and polymorphisms in Notch3 in the pathogenesis of cerebral infarction disease. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:1157-64. [PMID: 27370894 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral infarction disease is a severe hypoxic ischemic tissue necrosis in the brain, often leading to long-term functional disability and residual impairments. The Notch signaling pathway plays key roles in proliferation and survival of the stem/progenitor cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Notch3 is an important member of the pathway, but the relationships between the genetic abnormalities and cerebral infarction disease still remain unclear. The aim of this work was to evaluate variations in Notch3 gene for their possible associations with the cerebral infarction disease. We sequenced the Notch3 gene for 260 patients with cerebral infarction disease, 300 normal controls with old ages and 300 normal controls with younger ages, and identified the variations. The statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-Square Tests as implemented in SPSS (version 19.0). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test of the population was carried out using the online software OEGE. Six variations, including rs1044116, rs1044009, rs1044006, rs10408676, rs1043996 and rs16980398 within or near the Notch3 gene, were found. The genetic heterozygosity of rs1044116, rs1044009, rs1044006, and rs1043996 was very high, whereas that of rs10408676 and rs16980398 was very low. Statistical analyses showed that rs1044009 and rs1044006 were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction disease in the Chinese Han agedness population. The SNPs rs1044009 and rs1044006 in the Notch3 gene were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction diseases in the Chinese Han agedness population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Zhu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Zeng
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-Xia Yang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Mei Yang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Antibiotics, Heilongjiang province food and drug inspection testing Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Fei-Feng Li
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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45
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Bang OY, Kim EH, Cha JM, Moon GJ. Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke: Challenges and Progress. J Stroke 2016; 18:256-266. [PMID: 27733032 PMCID: PMC5066440 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2016.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and physical disability among adults. It has been 15 years since clinical trials of stem cell therapy in patients with stroke have been conducted using adult stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells. Results of randomized controlled trials showed that adult stem cell therapy was safe but its efficacy was modest, underscoring the need for new stem cell therapy strategies. The primary limitations of current stem cell therapies include (a) the limited source of engraftable stem cells, (b) the presence of optimal time window for stem cell therapies, (c) inherited limitation of stem cells in terms of growth, trophic support, and differentiation potential, and (d) possible transplanted cell-mediated adverse effects, such as tumor formation. Here, we discuss recent advances that overcome these hurdles in adult stem cell therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.,Medical Device Research Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Kłoda K, Domański L, Kwiatkowska E, Safranow K, Drozd A, Ciechanowicz A, Ciechanowski K. BICD1 and Chromosome 18 Polymorphisms Associated With Recipients' Telomere Length Affect Kidney Allograft Function After Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1451-5. [PMID: 27496426 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports regarding recipient's nonmodifiable genetic factors affecting telomerase activity and thus allograft function are lacking. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze the associations between recipients' rs2735940 hTERT, rs2630578 BICD1, and rs7235755 chromosome 18 polymorphisms and kidney function after transplantation. METHODS The study enrolled 119 white Polish kidney allograft recipients (64 men, 55 women; overall mean age, 47.3 ± 14.0 y). To identify genotypes of the studied polymorphisms, real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in distribution of rs7235755 chromosome 18 polymorphism genotypes and alleles between recipients with delayed graft function (DGF) and without DGF (P = .03). The presence of A allele was significantly associated with higher risk of DGF occurrence (AA + GA vs GG: OR, 3.25 [95% CI, 1.16-9.14]; P = .02; GA vs GG: OR, 4.00 [1.35-11.82]; P = .01). Analysis of the rs2630578 BICD1 gene polymorphism genotypes revealed statistically significant differences in long-term creatinine concentrations. The presence of C allele of this polymorphism was significantly associated with higher creatinine concentrations 24, 36, and 18-48 months after transplantation (GC + CC vs GG: P = .008, P = .008, and P = .01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Recipients' polymorphisms of genes associated with telomere length, BICD1 and chromosome 18, but not hTERT, affect kidney allograft early and long-term function after transplantation. There is an urgent need for explanation of these observations in genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kłoda
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - L Domański
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - E Kwiatkowska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Drozd
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Ciechanowicz
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Molecular Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Ciechanowski
- Clinical Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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47
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Gervois P, Wolfs E, Ratajczak J, Dillen Y, Vangansewinkel T, Hilkens P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Struys T. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Ischemic Stroke: Preclinical Results and the Potential of Imaging-Assisted Evaluation of Donor Cell Fate and Mechanisms of Brain Regeneration. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1080-1126. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gervois
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Jessica Ratajczak
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Yörg Dillen
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Petra Hilkens
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Tom Struys
- Morphology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University; Campus Diepenbeek; Bioville Diepenbeek Belgium
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48
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Rodríguez-Frutos B, Otero-Ortega L, Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Fuentes B, Ramos-Cejudo J, Díez-Tejedor E. Stem Cell Therapy and Administration Routes After Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:378-87. [PMID: 27384771 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy has demonstrated safety and efficacy in experimental animal models of stroke, as well as safety in stroke patients. However, various questions remain regarding the therapeutic window, dosage, route of administration, and the most appropriate cell type and source, as well as mechanisms of action and immune-modulation to optimize treatment based on stem cell therapy. Various delivery routes have been used in experimental stroke models, including intracerebral, intraventricular, subarachnoid, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intranasal routes. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to demonstrate which is the most feasible, safest, and most effective for use with stroke patients. Therefore, further experimental studies concerning the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action involved in these therapeutic effects are required to determine their optimal clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Rodríguez-Frutos
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Ramos-Cejudo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ (Health Research Institute), Autonomous University of Madrid, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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49
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Jolkkonen J, Kwakkel G. Translational Hurdles in Stroke Recovery Studies. Transl Stroke Res 2016; 7:331-42. [PMID: 27000881 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-016-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging understanding of brain plasticity has opened new avenues for the treatment of stroke. The promising preclinical evidence with neuroprotective drugs has not been confirmed in clinical trials, thus nowadays, researchers, pharmaceutical companies, and funding bodies hesitate to initiate these expensive trials with restorative therapies. Since many of the previous failures can be traced to low study quality, a number of guidelines such as STAIR and STEPS were introduced to rectify these shortcomings. However, these guidelines stem from the study design for neuroprotective drugs and one may question whether they are appropriate for restorative approaches, which rely heavily on behavioral testing. Most of the recovery studies conducted in stroke patients have been small-scale, proof-of-concept trials. Consequently, the overall effect sizes of pooled phase II trials have proved unreliable and unstable in most meta-analyses. Although the methodological quality of trials in humans is improving, most studies still suffer from methodological flaws and do not meet even the minimum of evidence-based standards for reporting randomized controlled trials. The power problem of most phase II trials is mostly attributable to a lack of proper stratification with robust prognostic factors at baseline as well as the incorrect assumption that all patients will exhibit the same proportional amount of spontaneous neurological recovery poststroke. In addition, most trials suffer from insufficient treatment contrasts between the experimental and control arm and the outcomes have not been sufficiently responsive to detect small but clinically relevant changes in neurological impairments and activities. This narrative review describes the main factors that bias recovery studies, both in experimental animals and stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. .,Neurocenter, Neurology, University Hospital of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neurorehabilitation, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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50
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Therapy Effects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7682960. [PMID: 27069533 PMCID: PMC4812472 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7682960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide. Recently, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been shown to improve functional outcome after stroke. In this review, we will focus on the protective effects of BMSCs on ischemic brain and the relative molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of BMSCs on stroke.
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