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Chen X, Gu J, Zhang X. Brain-Heart Axis and the Inflammatory Response: Connecting Stroke and Cardiac Dysfunction. Cardiology 2024; 149:369-382. [PMID: 38574466 PMCID: PMC11309082 DOI: 10.1159/000538409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the mechanistic interaction between the brain and heart has been explored in detail, which explains the effects of brain injuries on the heart and those of cardiac dysfunction on the brain. Brain injuries are the predominant cause of post-stroke deaths, and cardiac dysfunction is the second leading cause of mortality after stroke onset. SUMMARY Several studies have reported the association between brain injuries and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence on the heart post-stroke to understand the underlying mechanisms of stroke and cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the effects of cardiac dysfunction after the onset of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke). KEY MESSAGES The role of the site of stroke and the underlying mechanisms of the brain-heart axis after stroke onset, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory and immune responses, brain-multi-organ axis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajie Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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2
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Hu JR, Abdullah A, Nanna MG, Soufer R. The Brain-Heart Axis: Neuroinflammatory Interactions in Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1745-1758. [PMID: 37994952 PMCID: PMC10908342 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of neuroimmune modulation and inflammation in cardiovascular disease has been historically underappreciated. Physiological connections between the heart and brain, termed the heart-brain axis (HBA), are bidirectional, occur through a complex network of autonomic nerves/hormones and cytokines, and play important roles in common disorders. RECENT FINDINGS At the molecular level, advances in the past two decades reveal complex crosstalk mediated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the renin-angiotensin aldosterone and hypothalamus-pituitary axes, microRNA, and cytokines. Afferent pathways amplify proinflammatory signals via the hypothalamus and brainstem to the periphery, promoting neurogenic inflammation. At the organ level, while stress-mediated cardiomyopathy is the prototypical disorder of the HBA, cardiac dysfunction can result from a myriad of neurologic insults including stroke and spinal injury. Atrial fibrillation is not necessarily a causative factor for cardioembolic stroke, but a manifestation of an abnormal atrial substrate, which can lead to the development of stroke independent of AF. Central and peripheral neurogenic proinflammatory factors have major roles in the HBA, manifesting as complex bi-directional relationships in common conditions such as stroke, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Ruey Hu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdullah
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Michael G Nanna
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Robert Soufer
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Ave, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, -111B, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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3
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Huang J, Wu B, Qin P, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y. Research on atrial fibrillation mechanisms and prediction of therapeutic prospects: focus on the autonomic nervous system upstream pathways. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1270452. [PMID: 38028487 PMCID: PMC10663310 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1270452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia disorder. It can easily lead to complications such as thromboembolism, palpitations, dizziness, angina, heart failure, and stroke. The disability and mortality rates associated with AF are extremely high, significantly affecting the quality of life and work of patients. With the deepening of research into the brain-heart connection, the link between AF and stroke has become increasingly evident. AF is now categorized as either Known Atrial Fibrillation (KAF) or Atrial Fibrillation Detected After Stroke (AFDAS), with stroke as the baseline. This article, through a literature review, briefly summarizes the current pathogenesis of KAF and AFDAS, as well as the status of their clinical pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. It has been found that the existing treatments for KAF and AFDAS have limited efficacy and are often associated with significant adverse reactions and a risk of recurrence. Moreover, most drugs and treatment methods tend to focus on a single mechanism pathway. For example, drugs targeting ion channels primarily modulate ion channels and have relatively limited impact on other pathways. This limitation underscores the need to break away from the "one disease, one target, one drug/measurement" dogma for the development of innovative treatments, promoting both drug and non-drug therapies and significantly improving the quality of clinical treatment. With the increasing refinement of the overall mechanisms of KAF and AFDAS, a deeper exploration of physiological pathology, and comprehensive research on the brain-heart relationship, it is imperative to shift from long-term symptom management to more precise and optimized treatment methods that are effective for almost all patients. We anticipate that drugs or non-drug therapies targeting the central nervous system and upstream pathways can guide the simultaneous treatment of multiple downstream pathways in AF, thereby becoming a new breakthrough in AF treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Huang
- Postgraduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangqi Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupei Cheng
- Postgraduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yameng Chen
- Postgraduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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4
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Harris WJ, Asselin MC, Hinz R, Parkes LM, Allan S, Schiessl I, Boutin H, Dickie BR. In vivo methods for imaging blood-brain barrier function and dysfunction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1051-1083. [PMID: 36437425 PMCID: PMC9931809 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the interface between the central nervous system and systemic circulation. It tightly regulates what enters and is removed from the brain parenchyma and is fundamental in maintaining brain homeostasis. Increasingly, the BBB is recognised as having a significant role in numerous neurological disorders, ranging from acute disorders (traumatic brain injury, stroke, seizures) to chronic neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, small vessel disease). Numerous approaches have been developed to study the BBB in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. The complex multicellular structure and effects of disease are difficult to recreate accurately in vitro, and functional aspects of the BBB cannot be easily studied ex vivo. As such, the value of in vivo methods to study the intact BBB cannot be overstated. This review discusses the structure and function of the BBB and how these are affected in diseases. It then discusses in depth several established and novel methods for imaging the BBB in vivo, with a focus on MRI, nuclear imaging, and high-resolution intravital fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William James Harris
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Asselin
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rainer Hinz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Michelle Parkes
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Stuart Allan
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ingo Schiessl
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ben Robert Dickie
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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5
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Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Jacqmarcq C, Naveau M, Navarro-Oviedo M, Pedron S, Adam A, Freis B, Allouche S, Goux D, Razafindrakoto S, Gazeau F, Mertz D, Vivien D, Bonnard T, Gauberti M. Tracking the immune response by MRI using biodegradable and ultrasensitive microprobes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3596. [PMID: 35857494 PMCID: PMC9278862 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds great promise for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in a wide range of diseases. However, the low intrinsic sensitivity of MRI to detect exogenous contrast agents and the lack of biodegradable microprobes have prevented its clinical development. Here, we synthetized a contrast agent for molecular MRI based on a previously unknown mechanism of self-assembly of catechol-coated magnetite nanocrystals into microsized matrix-based particles. The resulting biodegradable microprobes (M3P for microsized matrix-based magnetic particles) carry up to 40,000 times higher amounts of superparamagnetic material than classically used nanoparticles while preserving favorable biocompatibility and excellent water dispersibility. After conjugation to monoclonal antibodies, targeted M3P display high sensitivity and specificity to detect inflammation in vivo in the brain, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa. The high payload of superparamagnetic material, excellent toxicity profile, short circulation half-life, and widespread reactivity of the M3P particles provides a promising platform for clinical translation of immuno-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Charlene Jacqmarcq
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mikael Naveau
- Normandie Université, UMS 3408 Cyceron, CNRS, University of Caen Normandy, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Manuel Navarro-Oviedo
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Swannie Pedron
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Adam
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Barbara Freis
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephane Allouche
- CHU Caen, Department of Biochemistry, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie (CMAbio), UniCaen, Normandie University, SF4206 Icore, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sarah Razafindrakoto
- MSC, Université de Paris CNRS, UMR7057, 45 rue des Saints Pères 75006, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- MSC, Université de Paris CNRS, UMR7057, 45 rue des Saints Pères 75006, Paris, France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS—Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Clinical Research Department, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Bonnard
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND (Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders), Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
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6
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Fouquet JP, Sikpa D, Lebel R, Sibgatulin R, Krämer M, Herrmann KH, Deistung A, Tremblay L, Reichenbach JR, Lepage M. Characterization of microparticles of iron oxide for magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 92:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Zhao Q, Dai W, Chen HY, Jacobs RE, Zlokovic BV, Lund BT, Montagne A, Bonnin A. Prenatal disruption of blood-brain barrier formation via cyclooxygenase activation leads to lifelong brain inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113310119. [PMID: 35377817 PMCID: PMC9169666 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113310119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational maternal immune activation (MIA) in mice induces persistent brain microglial activation and a range of neuropathologies in the adult offspring. Although long-term phenotypes are well documented, how MIA in utero leads to persistent brain inflammation is not well understood. Here, we found that offspring of mothers treated with polyriboinosinic–polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] to induce MIA at gestational day 13 exhibit blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction throughout life. Live MRI in utero revealed fetal BBB hyperpermeability 2 d after MIA. Decreased pericyte–endothelium coupling in cerebral blood vessels and increased microglial activation were found in fetal and 1- and 6-mo-old offspring brains. The long-lasting disruptions result from abnormal prenatal BBB formation, driven by increased proliferation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2; Ptgs2)-expressing microglia in fetal brain parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Targeted deletion of the Ptgs2 gene in fetal myeloid cells or treatment with the inhibitor celecoxib 24 h after immune activation prevented microglial proliferation and disruption of BBB formation and function, showing that prenatal COX2 activation is a causal pathway of MIA effects. Thus, gestational MIA disrupts fetal BBB formation, inducing persistent BBB dysfunction, which promotes microglial overactivation and behavioral alterations across the offspring life span. Taken together, the data suggest that gestational MIA disruption of BBB formation could be an etiological contributor to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Weiye Dai
- Master of Science, Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Hui Yu Chen
- Master of Medical Physiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Russell E. Jacobs
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Brett T. Lund
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Axel Montagne
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Bonnin
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
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8
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Modo M, Ghuman H, Azar R, Krafty R, Badylak SF, Hitchens TK. Mapping the acute time course of immune cell infiltration into an ECM hydrogel in a rat model of stroke using 19F MRI. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121386. [PMID: 35093825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel implantation into a stroke-induced tissue cavity invokes a robust cellular immune response. However, the spatio-temporal dynamics of immune cell infiltration into peri-infarct brain tissues versus the ECM-bioscaffold remain poorly understood. We here tagged peripheral immune cells using perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions that afford their visualization by 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prior to ECM hydrogel implantation, only blood vessels could be detected using 19F MRI. Using "time-lapse" 19F MRI, we established the infiltration of immune cells into the peri-infarct area occurs 5-6 h post-ECM implantation. Immune cells also infiltrated through the stump of the MCA, as well as a hydrogel bridge that formed between the tissue cavity and the burr hole in the skull. Tissue-based migration into the bioscaffold was observed between 9 and 12 h with a peak signal measured between 12 and 18 h post-implantation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of circulating immune cells revealed that 9% of cells were labeled with PFC nanoemulsions, of which the vast majority were neutrophils (40%) or monocytes (48%). Histology at 24 h post-implantation, in contrast, indicated that macrophages (35%) were more numerous in the peri-infarct area than neutrophils (11%), whereas the vast majority of immune cells within the ECM hydrogel were neutrophils (66%). Only a small fraction (12%) of immune cells did not contain PFC nanoemulsions, indicating a low type II error for 19F MRI. 19F MRI hence provides a unique tool to improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of immune cells invading bioscaffolds and effecting biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reem Azar
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Krafty
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Kevin Hitchens
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Neurobiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Lip GYH, Lane DA, Lenarczyk R, Boriani G, Doehner W, Benjamin LA, Fisher M, Lowe D, Sacco RL, Schnabel R, Watkins C, Ntaios G, Potpara T. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:2442-2460. [PMID: 35552401 PMCID: PMC9259378 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with stroke is often multidisciplinary, involving various specialties and healthcare professionals. Given the common shared risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular disease, input may also be required from the cardiovascular teams, as well as patient caregivers and next-of-kin. Ultimately, the patient is central to all this, requiring a coordinated and uniform approach to the priorities of post-stroke management, which can be consistently implemented by different multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, as part of the patient ‘journey’ or ‘patient pathway,’ supported by appropriate education and tele-medicine approaches. All these aspects would ultimately aid delivery of care and improve patient (and caregiver) engagement and empowerment. Given the need to address the multidisciplinary approach to holistic or integrated care of patients with heart disease and stroke, the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke convened a Task Force, with the remit to propose a consensus on Integrated care management for optimizing the management of stroke and associated heart disease. The present position paper summarizes the available evidence and proposes consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and simple practical approaches to assist in everyday clinical practice. A post-stroke ABC pathway is proposed, as a more holistic approach to integrated stroke care, would include three pillars of management:
A: Appropriate Antithrombotic therapy. B: Better functional and psychological status. C: Cardiovascular risk factors and Comorbidity optimization (including lifestyle changes).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Radosław Lenarczyk
- Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, The Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center of Heart Diseases, Curie-Sklodowska Str 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura A Benjamin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, University College London National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London
| | - Marc Fisher
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Lowe
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- UM Clinical & Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renate Schnabel
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Watkins
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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10
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Gauberti M, Martinez de Lizarrondo S. Molecular MRI of Neuroinflammation: Time to Overcome the Translational Roadblock. Neuroscience 2021; 474:30-36. [PMID: 34450211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect a molecular target in the central nervous system non-invasively and at high spatial resolution using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has attracted the interest of researchers for several decades. Yet, molecular MRI studies remain restricted to the preclinical stage and the path to clinical translation remains unclear. The focus of molecular MRI of neuroinflammation has moved from parenchymal to vascular targets, that are more easily reachable by intravenously injected probes. This has allowed the use of large superparamagnetic probes, such as micro-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO), that dramatically improved the sensitivity of molecular MRI compared to smaller contrast agents. In particular, recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of unraveling inflammation in the brain by MRI using MPIO able to bind activated endothelial cells with potential applications in neurovascular, neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we present the most striking advances in the field and the remaining challenges that must be overcome before clinical use of molecular MRI of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France; CHU Caen, Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional radiology, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France.
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders", Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.
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11
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Zarghami N, Soto MS, Perez-Balderas F, Khrapitchev AA, Karali CS, Johanssen VA, Ansorge O, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. A novel molecular magnetic resonance imaging agent targeting activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule as demonstrated in mouse brain metastasis models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1592-1607. [PMID: 33153376 PMCID: PMC8217895 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20968943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows visualization of biological processes at the molecular level. Upregulation of endothelial ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) is a key element for leukocyte recruitment in neurological disease. The aim of this study, therefore, was to develop a novel molecular MRI contrast agent, by conjugating anti-ALCAM antibodies to microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO), for detection of endothelial ALCAM expression in vivo. Binding specificity of ALCAM-MPIO was demonstrated in vitro under static and flow conditions. Subsequently, in a proof-of-concept study, mouse models of brain metastasis were induced by intracardial injection of brain-tropic human breast carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma or melanoma cells to upregulate endothelial ALCAM. At selected time-points, mice were injected intravenously with ALCAM-MPIO, and ALCAM-MPIO induced hypointensities were observed on T2*-weighted images in all three models. Post-gadolinium MRI confirmed an intact blood-brain barrier, indicating endoluminal binding. Correlation between endothelial ALCAM expression and ALCAM-MPIO binding was confirmed histologically. Statistical analysis indicated high sensitivity (80-90%) and specificity (79-83%) for detection of endothelial ALCAM in vivo with ALCAM-MPIO. Given reports of endothelial ALCAM upregulation in numerous neurological diseases, this advance in our ability to image ALCAM in vivo may yield substantial improvements for both diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Simoglou Karali
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vanessa A Johanssen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Tang C, Wang Q, Li K, Li X, Wang C, Xue L, Ju C, Zhang C. A neutrophil-mimetic magnetic nanoprobe for molecular magnetic resonance imaging of stroke-induced neuroinflammation. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5247-5258. [PMID: 34137404 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the progression of brain injury induced by stroke, and has become a promising target for therapeutic intervention for stroke. Monitoring this pivotal process of neuroinflammation is highly desirable to guide specific therapy. However, there is still a lack of a satisfactory nanoprobe to selectively monitor neuroinflammation. As endothelial cell activation is a hallmark of neuroinflammation, it would be clinically relevant to develop a non-invasive in vivo imaging technique to detect the endothelial activation process. Herein, inspired by the specific neutrophil-endothelium interaction, we designed neutrophil-camouflaged magnetic nanoprobes (NMNPs) that can be used to target activated endothelial cells for improved neuroinflammation imaging. NMNPs are composed of an inner core of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and a biomimetic outer shell of a neutrophil membrane, which maintained the biocompatibility and targeting ability of neutrophils and the excellent contrast effects of SPIO. Moreover, we demonstrated that NMNPs can successfully bind to inflamed cerebral vasculature using the intravital imaging of live cerebral microvessels in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. After that, NMNPs could further accumulate in the brain vasculature and exhibit excellent contrast effects for stroke-induced neuroinflammation and biosafety. We believe that the neutrophil-camouflaged magnetic nanoprobe could serve as a highly safe and selective nanoprobe for neuroinflammation imaging and has alluring prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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13
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New Approaches in Nanomedicine for Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050757. [PMID: 34065179 PMCID: PMC8161190 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, caused by the interruption of blood flow to the brain and subsequent neuronal death, represents one of the main causes of disability in developed countries. Therapeutic methods such as recanalization approaches, neuroprotective drugs, or recovery strategies have been widely developed to improve the patient's outcome; however, important limitations such as a narrow therapeutic window, the ability to reach brain targets, or drug side effects constitute some of the main aspects that limit the clinical applicability of the current treatments. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool to overcome many of these drug limitations and improve the efficacy of treatments for neurological diseases such as stroke. The use of nanoparticles as a contrast agent or as drug carriers to a specific target are some of the most common approaches developed in nanomedicine for stroke. Throughout this review, we have summarized our experience of using nanotechnology tools for the study of stroke and the search for novel therapies.
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14
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Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:649-667. [PMID: 33017613 PMCID: PMC7531595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For the last two decades, researchers have placed hopes in a new era in which a combination of reperfusion and neuroprotection would revolutionize the treatment of stroke. Nevertheless, despite the thousands of papers available in the literature showing positive results in preclinical stroke models, randomized clinical trials have failed to show efficacy. It seems clear now that the existing data obtained in preclinical research have depicted an incomplete picture of stroke pathophysiology. In order to ameliorate bench-to-bed translation, in this review we first describe the main actors on stroke inflammatory and immune responses based on the available preclinical data, highlighting the fact that the link between leukocyte infiltration, lesion volume and neurological outcome remains unclear. We then describe what is known on neuroinflammation and immune responses in stroke patients, and summarize the results of the clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs. In order to understand the gap between clinical trials and preclinical results on stroke, we discuss in detail the experimental results that served as the basis for the summarized clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs, focusing on (i) experimental stroke models, (ii) the timing and selection of outcome measuring, (iii) alternative entry routes for leukocytes into the ischemic region, and (iv) factors affecting stroke outcome such as gender differences, ageing, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, obesity, tobacco, alcohol consumption and previous infections like Covid-19. We can do better for stroke treatment, especially when targeting inflammation following stroke. We need to re-think the design of stroke experimental setups, notably by (i) using clinically relevant models of stroke, (ii) including both radiological and neurological outcomes, (iii) performing long-term follow-up studies, (iv) conducting large-scale preclinical stroke trials, and (v) including stroke comorbidities in preclinical research.
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15
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Russell E, McMahon SJ, Russell B, Mohamud H, McGarry CK, Schettino G, Prise KM. Effects of Gadolinium MRI Contrast Agents on DNA Damage and Cell Survival when Used in Combination with Radiation. Radiat Res 2020; 194:298-309. [PMID: 32942305 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00008.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium is a commonly used contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal of this work was to determine how MRI contrast agents affect radiosensitivity for tumour cells. Using a 225kVp X-ray cabinet source, immunofluorescence and clonogenic assays were performed on six cancer cell lines: lung (H460), pancreas (MiaPaCa2), prostate (DU145), breast (MCF7), brain (U87) and liver (HEPG2). Dotarem® contrast agent, at concentrations of 0.2, 2 and 20 mM, was used to determine its effect on DNA damage and cell survival. Measurements were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the amount of gadolinium taken up by each cell line for each concentration. A statistically significant increase in DNA damage was seen for all cell lines at a dose of 1 Gy for concentrations of 2 and 20 mM, at 1 h postirradiation. At 24 h postirradiation, most of the DNA damage had been repaired, with approximately 90% repair for almost all doses of radiation and concentrations of Dotarem. Clonogenic results showed no statistically significant decrease in cell survival for any cell line or concentration. Uptake measurements showed cell line-specific variations in uptake, with MCF7 and HEPG2 cells having a high percentage uptake compared to other cell lines, with 151.4 ± 0.3 × 10-15 g and 194.8 ± 0.4 × 10-15 g per cell, respectively, at 2 mM Dotarem concentration. In this work, a variability in gadolinium uptake was observed between cell lines. A significant increase was seen in initial levels of DNA damage after 1 Gy irradiation for all six cancer cell lines; however, no significant decrease in cell survival was seen with the clonogenic assay. The observation of high levels of repair suggest that while initial levels of DNA damage are increased, this damage is almost entirely repaired within 24 h, and does not affect the ability of cells to survive and produce colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Russell
- Patrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Patrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Hibaaq Mohamud
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Patrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom.,Radiotherapy Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom.,University of Surrey, Department of Physics, Guilford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G. Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, United Kingdom
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16
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Asad S, Wegler C, Ahl D, Bergström CAS, Phillipson M, Artursson P, Teleki A. Proteomics-Informed Identification of Luminal Targets For In Situ Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:239-250. [PMID: 33159915 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition resulting in impaired intestinal homeostasis. Current practices for diagnosis of IBD are challenged by invasive, demanding procedures. We hypothesized that proteomics analysis could provide a powerful tool for identifying clinical biomarkers for non-invasive IBD diagnosis. Here, the global intestinal proteomes from commonly used in vitro and in vivo models of IBD were analyzed to identify apical and luminal proteins that can be targeted by orally delivered diagnostic agents. Global proteomics analysis revealed upregulated plasma membrane proteins in intestinal segments of proximal- and distal colon from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and also in inflamed human intestinal Caco-2 cells pretreated with pro-inflammatory agents. The upregulated colon proteins in mice were compared to the proteome of the healthy ileum, to ensure targeting of diagnostic agents to the inflamed colon. Promising target proteins for future investigations of non-invasive diagnosis of IBD were found in both systems and included Tgm2/TGM2, Icam1/ICAM1, Ceacam1/CEACAM1, and Anxa1/ANXA1. Ultimately, these findings will guide the selection of appropriate antibodies for surface functionalization of imaging agents aimed to target inflammatory biomarkers in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shno Asad
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christine Wegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform (UDOPP), SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Teleki
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zivadinov R, Schweser F, Dwyer MG, Pol S. Detection of Monocyte/Macrophage and Microglia Activation in the TMEV Model of Chronic Demyelination Using USPIO-Enhanced Ultrahigh-Field Imaging. J Neuroimaging 2020; 30:769-778. [PMID: 32866329 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood-derived monocytes/macrophages can be labeled with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO) at periphery and subsequently migrate into areas of inflammation in the brain. We investigated temporal pattern of migration of peripheral immune cells in Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model of chronic demyelination by USPIO-enhanced imaging. METHODS Fifteen SJL mice (Envigo, Indianapolis, IN) were injected with TMEV (n = 12) or saline (n = 3) at 7 weeks of age. Brain MRI of 9.4 T was performed at 3 months postinfection (mpi) (the peak of inflammatory phase), at 4, 5, and 7 mpi (throughout neurodegenerative phase) using T2*-weighted gradient echo MRI, and performed 24 hours after USPIO injection. Contrast enhancing lesion (CEL) number and volume were measured and development of brain atrophy was assessed across serial time points. Clinical disability scale and rotarod score assessed disease progression. RESULTS CEL was detected in a total of eight (66.7%) TMEV-infected animals and none of the Controls. The CEL was present in four (33.3%) TMEV-infected animals at 3 mpi, two (16.7%) at 4 mpi, six (54.5%) at 5 mpi, and four (44.4%) at 7 mpi, respectively. In TMEV-infected animals, the CEL number and volume increased significantly from 3 to 7 mpi (P < .01 for both). The correlation between total CEL number and volume with clinical and MRI outcomes was trending (P < .05). On histopathology analysis, CEL showed increased density of Iba1 staining for microglia activity. CONCLUSIONS Serial USPIO imaging is a promising biomarker for investigating the effect of therapeutic interventions on monocytes/macrophages and microglia activation and neurodegeneration in TMEV-infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY
| | - Suyog Pol
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Methods of Granulocyte Isolation from Human Blood and Labeling with Multimodal Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040765. [PMID: 32053865 PMCID: PMC7070653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to find the best method of granulocyte isolation for subsequent labeling with multimodal nanoparticles (magnetic and fluorescent properties) to enable detection by optical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The granulocytes were obtained from venous blood samples from 12 healthy volunteers. To achieve high purity and yield, four different methods of granulocyte isolation were evaluated. The isolated granulocytes were labeled with multimodal superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (M-SPIONs) coated with dextran, and the iron load was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by MRI, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The best method of granulocyte isolation was Percoll with Ficoll, which showed 95.92% purity and 94% viability. After labeling with M-SPIONs, the granulocytes showed 98.0% purity with a yield of 3.5 × 106 cells/mL and more than 98.6% viability. The iron-loading value in the labeled granulocytes, as obtained by MRI, was 6.40 ± 0.18 pg/cell. Similar values were found with the ICP-MS and NIRF imaging techniques. Therefore, our study shows that it is possible to isolate granulocytes with high purity and yield and labeling with M-SPIONs provides a high internalized iron load and low toxicity to cells. Therefore, these M-SPION-labeled granulocytes could be a promising candidate for future use in inflammation/infection detection by optical and MRI techniques.
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Cheng X, Yang YL, Li WH, Liu M, Wang YH, Du GH. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion aggravated cerebral infarction injury and possible differential genes identified by RNA-Seq in rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 156:33-42. [PMID: 31877338 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that local excessive inflammatory response in brain tissue was an important pathogenesis of secondary injury following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). However, the inflammatory-related targets and pathways after cerebral I/R injury are still unclear. This study was to investigate possible targets and mechanisms after cerebral I/R injury. Rats were subjected to transient or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological deficit scores test was used to evaluate neurological function. Cerebral infarction was evaluated by MRI, TTC staining and Nissl staining. Microglia activation was detected by immunofluorescence using Iba-1 antibody. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA assay. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis was processed and the differential genes were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. The results showed that neurological function of rats in I/R group was more severe than that in I group on the 7th after cerebral I/R. Therefore, the differences between cerebral ischemia and cerebral I/R for 7 days were studied in further study. The results showed that the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in I/R group were higher and the levels of anti-inflammatory factors were lower than those in I group. KEGG pathway and gene network enrichment analysis revealed that some common differential up- and down-regulated genes were involved in most of significant pathways. These common differential up-regulated genes belonged to TLR4/MYD88 inflammatory signaling pathway and common differential down-regulated genes belonged to HRAS/RAF1 neurotrophic signaling pathway. Interestingly, according to the genetic interaction analysis of string database, these up-regulated differential genes might promote the development of inflammation, while the down-regulated differential genes might inhibit the development of inflammation. Furthermore, qPCR and WB results verified that these pro-inflammatory genes in the I/R group were higher than those in the I group, while possible anti-inflammatory genes in the I/R group were lower than those in the I group. It is concluded that TLR4/MYD88 inflammatory signaling pathway and HRAS/RAF1 neurotrophic signaling pathway may play different roles after cerebral I or I/R and may be therapeutic targets for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Sreeening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Sreeening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Sreeening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Man Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Sreeening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Sreeening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and New Drug Sreeening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Wang Y, Qian Y, Smerin D, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Xiong X. Newly Detected Atrial Fibrillation after Acute Stroke: A Narrative Review of Causes and Implications. Cardiology 2019; 144:112-121. [PMID: 31600748 DOI: 10.1159/000502971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias occur frequently in patients with acute stroke, with atrial fibrillation (AF) being the most common. Newly detected AF may lead to increased risk of ischemic stroke, which in turn generates stroke recurrence and adverse outcomes. Currently, most studies are focusing on the role of AF in ischemic stroke and attributing cryptogenic ischemic stroke to previously undetected AF. However, in these studies, subjects used to have neither symptoms of palpitation nor evidence of AF. A better understanding of this association will contribute to the management and therapy for patients after clinical decisions regarding stroke patients. Currently, the definition of newly detected AF has not come to an agreement, and the pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, possibly involving complex alterations in both the autonomic network and humoral regulation. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the definition and epidemiology of newly detected AF after stroke with updated information and elucidate the potential pathophysi-ology, such as autonomic imbalance, catecholamine surge, poststroke systematic inflammation, and microvesicles and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Yongsheng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Daniel Smerin
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China,
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, China
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MR and PET-CT monitoring of tissue-engineered vascular grafts in the ovine carotid artery. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rucher G, Cameliere L, Fendri J, Anfray A, Abbas A, Kamel S, Dupas Q, Delcroix N, Berger L, Manrique A. Molecular imaging of endothelial activation and mineralization in a mouse model of accelerated atherosclerosis. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:80. [PMID: 31440854 PMCID: PMC6706501 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical imaging of endothelial activation and mineralization using both positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) remains scarce. PROCEDURES A group of uremic ApoE-/- (Ur), non-uremic ApoE-/- (NUr), and control C57Bl/6 J mice (Ctl) were investigated. Mineralization process was assessed using sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) PET, and MR imaging combined with intravenous injection of MPIO-αVCAM-1 was used to evaluate endothelial activation. Micro- and macrocalcifications were evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and von Kossa staining, respectively. RESULTS Ur mice showed an active and sustained mineralization process compared to Ctl mice (p = 0.002) using [18F]NaF PET imaging. Calcium plasma level was increased in Ur (2.54 ± 0.09 mM, n = 17) compared to NUr and Ctl mice (2.24 ± 0.01, n = 22, and 2.14 ± 0.02, n = 27, respectively; p < 0.0001). Likewise, vascular calcium content was increased in Ur (0.51 ± 0.06 μg Ca2+ per milligram of dry weight aorta, n = 11) compared to NUr (0.27 ± 0.05, n = 9, p = 0.013) and Ctl (0.28 ± 0.05, n = 11, p = 0.014). Ur mice also had a higher inflammatory state using MPIO-αVCAM-1 MR (p global = 0.01, post hoc analysis Ur vs. Ctl p = 0.003) associated with increased VCAM-1 expression (p global = 0.02). Aortic remodeling at the level of the brachiocephalic trunk, brachiocephalic trunk itself, and aortic arch in Ur mice was also demonstrated using MR. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical molecular imaging allowed in vivo characterization of the early phase of atherosclerosis. [18F]NaF PET showed early and sustained vascular mineralization in uremic ApoE-/- mice. MPIO-αVCAM-1 MR imaging demonstrated aortic endothelial activation, predominantly in segments with vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rucher
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Lucie Cameliere
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jihene Fendri
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Antoine Anfray
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Ahmed Abbas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- EA7517, MP3CV, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Quentin Dupas
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- CNRS, UMS-3048, GIP Cyceron, Campus Jules Horowitz, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Ludovic Berger
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alain Manrique
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
- GIP Cyceron, Campus Jules Horowitz, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 5229, 14074 Caen, BP France
| | - on behalf of the STOP-AS investigators
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EA 4650, GIP Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- Chirurgie Vasculaire, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), 14000 Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
- EA7517, MP3CV, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
- CNRS, UMS-3048, GIP Cyceron, Campus Jules Horowitz, 14000 Caen, France
- Médecine Nucléaire, CHU de Caen, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
- GIP Cyceron, Campus Jules Horowitz, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 5229, 14074 Caen, BP France
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23
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Orsini F, Fumagalli S, Császár E, Tóth K, De Blasio D, Zangari R, Lénárt N, Dénes Á, De Simoni MG. Mannose-Binding Lectin Drives Platelet Inflammatory Phenotype and Vascular Damage After Cerebral Ischemia in Mice via IL (Interleukin)-1α. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2678-2690. [PMID: 30354247 PMCID: PMC6221395 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Circulating complement factors are activated by tissue damage and contribute to acute brain injury. The deposition of MBL (mannose-binding lectin), one of the initiators of the lectin complement pathway, on the cerebral endothelium activated by ischemia is a major pathogenic event leading to brain injury. The molecular mechanisms through which MBL influences outcome after ischemia are not understood yet. Approach and Results— Here we show that MBL-deficient (MBL−/−) mice subjected to cerebral ischemia display better flow recovery and less plasma extravasation in the brain than wild-type mice, as assessed by in vivo 2-photon microscopy. This results in reduced vascular dysfunction as shown by the shift from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory vascular phenotype associated with MBL deficiency. We also show that platelets directly bind MBL and that platelets from MBL−/− mice have reduced inflammatory phenotype as indicated by reduced IL-1α (interleukin-1α) content, as early as 6 hours after ischemia. Cultured human brain endothelial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and exposed to platelets from MBL−/− mice present less cell death and lower CXCL1 (chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 1) release (downstream to IL-1α) than those exposed to wild-type platelets. In turn, MBL deposition on ischemic vessels significantly decreases after ischemia in mice treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist compared with controls, indicating a reciprocal interplay between MBL and IL-1α facilitating endothelial damage. Conclusions— We propose MBL as a hub of pathogenic vascular events. It acts as an early trigger of platelet IL-1α release, which in turn favors MBL deposition on ischemic vessels promoting an endothelial pro-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Orsini
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Eszter Császár
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Daiana De Blasio
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Rosalia Zangari
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary (E.C., K.T., N.L., A.D.)
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy (F.O., S.F., D.D.B., R.Z., M.-G.D.S.)
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24
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Longitudinal Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Endothelial Activation after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081134. [PMID: 31366109 PMCID: PMC6722937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. Despite progress in neurosurgery and critical care, patients still lack a form of neuroprotective treatment that can counteract or attenuate injury progression. Inflammation after TBI is a key modulator of injury progression and neurodegeneration, but its spatiotemporal dissemination is only partially known. In vivo approaches to study post-traumatic inflammation longitudinally are pivotal for monitoring injury progression/recovery and the effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. Here, we provide a minimally invasive, highly sensitive in vivo molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterization of endothelial activation associated to neuroinflammatory response after severe TBI in mice, using microparticles of iron oxide targeting P-selectin (MPIOs-α-P-selectin). Strong endothelial activation was detected from 24 h in perilesional regions, including the cortex and hippocampus, and peaked in intensity and diffusion at two days, then partially decreased but persisted up to seven days and was back to baseline 15 days after injury. There was a close correspondence between MPIOs-α-P-selectin signal voids and the P-selectin stained area, confirming maximal endothelial activation at two days. Molecular MRI markers of inflammation may thus represent a useful tool to evaluate in vivo endothelial activation in TBI and monitoring the responses to therapeutic agents targeting vascular activation and permeability.
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25
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Bonnard T, Gauberti M, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Campos F, Vivien D. Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke. Stroke 2019; 50:1318-1324. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.022744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bonnard
- From the Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders PhIND, Caen, France (T.B., M.G., S.M.d.L., D.V.)
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- From the Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders PhIND, Caen, France (T.B., M.G., S.M.d.L., D.V.)
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- From the Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders PhIND, Caen, France (T.B., M.G., S.M.d.L., D.V.)
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Clinical University Hospital, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (F.C.)
| | - Denis Vivien
- From the Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders PhIND, Caen, France (T.B., M.G., S.M.d.L., D.V.)
- CHU Caen, Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France (D.V.)
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26
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Zanotti-Fregonara P, Veronese M, Pascual B, Rostomily RC, Turkheimer F, Masdeu JC. The validity of 18F-GE180 as a TSPO imaging agent. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1205-1207. [PMID: 30656358 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-4268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Belen Pascual
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert C Rostomily
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph C Masdeu
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center and Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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27
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Jank L, Pinto-Espinoza C, Duan Y, Koch-Nolte F, Magnus T, Rissiek B. Current Approaches and Future Perspectives for Nanobodies in Stroke Diagnostic and Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8010005. [PMID: 31544811 PMCID: PMC6640704 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based biologics are the corner stone of modern immunomodulatory therapy. Though highly effective in dampening systemic inflammatory processes, their large size and Fc-fragment mediated effects hamper crossing of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Nanobodies (Nbs) are single domain antibodies derived from llama or shark heavy-chain antibodies and represent a new generation of biologics. Due to their small size, they display excellent tissue penetration capacities and can be easily modified to adjust their vivo half-life for short-term diagnostic or long-term therapeutic purposes or to facilitate crossing of the BBB. Furthermore, owing to their characteristic binding mode, they are capable of antagonizing receptors involved in immune signaling and of neutralizing proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines. These qualities combined make Nbs well-suited for down-modulating neuroinflammatory processes that occur in the context of brain ischemia. In this review, we summarize recent findings on Nbs in preclinical stroke models and how they can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. We further provide a perspective on the design of innovative Nb-based treatment protocols to complement and improve stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carolina Pinto-Espinoza
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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28
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Boiziau C, Nikolski M, Mordelet E, Aussudre J, Vargas-Sanchez K, Petry KG. A Peptide Targeting Inflammatory CNS Lesions in the EAE Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Inflammation 2018. [PMID: 29516383 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by inflammatory lesions dispersed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) leading to severe neurological handicap. Demyelination, axonal damage, and blood brain barrier alterations are hallmarks of this pathology, whose precise processes are not fully understood. In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) rat model that mimics many features of human multiple sclerosis, the phage display strategy was applied to select peptide ligands targeting inflammatory sites in CNS. Due to the large diversity of sequences after phage display selection, a bioinformatics procedure called "PepTeam" designed to identify peptides mimicking naturally occurring proteins was used, with the goal to predict peptides that were not background noise. We identified a circular peptide CLSTASNSC called "Ph48" as an efficient binder of inflammatory regions of EAE CNS sections including small inflammatory lesions of both white and gray matter. Tested on human brain endothelial cells hCMEC/D3, Ph48 was able to bind efficiently when these cells were activated with IL1β to mimic inflammatory conditions. The peptide is therefore a candidate for further analyses of the molecular alterations in inflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Boiziau
- INSERM, UMR 1049, F-33076, Bordeaux, France. .,Univ. Bordeaux, Neuroinflammation Imaging and Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis, F-33076, Bordeaux, France. .,INSERM, UMR 1026, BioTis, F-33 076, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Macha Nikolski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CBiB, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,CNRS, LaBRI UMR 5800, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Elodie Mordelet
- INSERM, UMR 1049, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neuroinflammation Imaging and Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Justine Aussudre
- INSERM, UMR 1049, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neuroinflammation Imaging and Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Karina Vargas-Sanchez
- INSERM, UMR 1049, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neuroinflammation Imaging and Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Biomedical Sciences Research Group, GRINCIBIO, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotà, Colombia
| | - Klaus G Petry
- INSERM, UMR 1049, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Neuroinflammation Imaging and Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, UMR1029, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
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29
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Choo XY, Liddell JR, Huuskonen MT, Grubman A, Moujalled D, Roberts J, Kysenius K, Patten L, Quek H, Oikari LE, Duncan C, James SA, McInnes LE, Hayne DJ, Donnelly PS, Pollari E, Vähätalo S, Lejavová K, Kettunen MI, Malm T, Koistinaho J, White AR, Kanninen KM. Cu II(atsm) Attenuates Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:668. [PMID: 30319344 PMCID: PMC6165894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation and biometal dyshomeostasis are key pathological features of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inflammation and biometals are linked at the molecular level through regulation of metal buffering proteins such as the metallothioneins. Even though the molecular connections between metals and inflammation have been demonstrated, little information exists on the effect of copper modulation on brain inflammation. Methods: We demonstrate the immunomodulatory potential of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex CuII(atsm) in an neuroinflammatory model in vivo and describe its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and astrocytes in vitro. Results: By using a sophisticated in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, we report the efficacy of CuII(atsm) in reducing acute cerebrovascular inflammation caused by peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CuII(atsm) also induced anti-inflammatory outcomes in primary microglia [significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and astrocytes [significantly reduced NO, MCP-1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in vitro. These anti-inflammatory actions were associated with increased cellular copper levels and increased the neuroprotective protein metallothionein-1 (MT1) in microglia and astrocytes. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of CuII(atsm) on the neuroimmune system suggest copper complexes are potential therapeutics for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Choo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diane Moujalled
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Patten
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hazel Quek
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan E McInnes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eveliina Pollari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Vähätalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarína Lejavová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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30
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Drieu A, Levard D, Vivien D, Rubio M. Anti-inflammatory treatments for stroke: from bench to bedside. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2018; 11:1756286418789854. [PMID: 30083232 PMCID: PMC6066814 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418789854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and mechanical
removal of arterial blood clot (thrombectomy) are the only available treatments
for acute ischemic stroke. However, the short therapeutic window and the lack of
specialized stroke unit care make the overall availability of both treatments
limited. Additional agents to combine with tPA administration or thrombectomy to
enhance efficacy and improve outcomes associated with stroke are needed.
Stroke-induced inflammatory processes are a response to the tissue damage due to
the absence of blood supply but have been proposed also as key contributors to
all the stages of the ischemic stroke pathophysiology. Despite promising results
in experimental studies, inflammation-modulating treatments have not yet been
translated successfully into the clinical setting. This review will (a) describe
the timing of the stroke immune pathophysiology; (b) detail the immune responses
to stroke sift-through cell type; and (c) discuss the pitfalls on the
translation from experimental studies to clinical trials testing the therapeutic
pertinence of immune modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Drieu
- Pathophysiology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Damien Levard
- Pathophysiology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandy University, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Pathophysiology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandy University, Caen, France Pathophysiology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Marina Rubio
- Pathophysiology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders, Normandy University, Boulevard Henri Becquerel BP 5229, Caen Cedex, 14000, France
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31
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Haghshomar M, Dolatshahi M, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Sanjari Moghaddam H, Shirin Shandiz M, Aarabi MH. Disruption of Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Microstructure in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies. Front Neurol 2018; 9:598. [PMID: 30093877 PMCID: PMC6070770 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by a series of pathological mechanisms which contribute to a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in structural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in PD which has shed light on our understanding of structural abnormalities underlying PD symptoms or its associations with pathological mechanisms. One of the white matter tracts shown to be disrupted in PD with a possible contribution to some PD symptoms is the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). On the whole, lower ILF integrity contributes to thought disorders, impaired visual emotions, cognitive impairments such as semantic fluency deficits, and mood disorders. This review outlines the microstructural changes in ILF associated with systemic inflammation and various PD symptoms like cognitive decline, facial emotion recognition deficit, depression, color discrimination deficit, olfactory dysfunction, and tremor genesis. However, few studies have investigated DTI correlates of each symptom and larger studies with standardized imaging protocols are required to extend these preliminary findings and lead to more promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Haghshomar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi Shirin Shandiz
- Department of Medical Physics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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32
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Zarghami N, Khrapitchev AA, Perez-Balderas F, Soto MS, Larkin JR, Bau L, Sibson NR. Optimization of molecularly targeted MRI in the brain: empirical comparison of sequences and particles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4345-4359. [PMID: 30100719 PMCID: PMC6064157 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s158071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular MRI is an evolving field of research with strong translational potential. Selection of the appropriate MRI sequence, field strength and contrast agent depend largely on the application. The primary aims of the current study were to: 1) assess the sensitivity of different MRI sequences for detection of iron oxide particles in mouse brain; 2) determine the effect of magnetic field strength on detection of iron oxide particles in vivo; and 3) compare the sensitivity of targeted microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) or ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) for detection of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in vivo. METHODS Mice were injected intrastriatally with interleukin 1β to induce VCAM-1 expression on the cerebral vasculature. Subsequently, animals were injected intravenously with either VCAM-MPIO or VCAM-USPIO and imaged 1 or 13 hours post-injection, respectively. MRI was performed at 4.7, 7.0, or 9.4 T, using three different T2*-weighted sequences: single gradient echo 3D (GE3D), multi-gradient echo 3D (MGE3D) and balanced steady-state free precession 3D (bSSFP3D). RESULTS MGE3D yielded the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the detection of iron oxide particles. All sequences showed a significant increase in SNR and CNR from 4.7 to 7.0 T, but no further improvement at 9.4 T. However, whilst targeted MPIO enabled sensitive detection of VCAM-1 expression on the cerebral vasculature, the long half-life (16.5 h vs 1.2 min) and lower relaxivity per particle (1.29×10-14 vs 1.18×10-9 Hz L/particle) of USPIO vs. MPIO rendered them impractical for molecular MRI. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate clear advantages of MPIO compared to USPIO for molecularly-targeted MRI, and indicate that the MGE3D sequence is optimal for MPIO detection. Moreover, higher field strengths (7.0/9.4 T) showed enhanced sensitivity over lower field strengths (4.7 T). With the development of biodegradable MPIO, these agents hold promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Francisco Perez-Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Luca Bau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
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El Amki M, Lerouet D, Garraud M, Teng F, Beray-Berthat V, Coqueran B, Barsacq B, Abbou C, Palmier B, Marchand-Leroux C, Margaill I. Improved Reperfusion and Vasculoprotection by the Poly(ADP-Ribose)Polymerase Inhibitor PJ34 After Stroke and Thrombolysis in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9156-9168. [PMID: 29651748 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Benefits from thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) after ischemic stroke remain limited due to a narrow therapeutic window, low reperfusion rates, and increased risk of hemorrhagic transformations (HT). Experimental data showed that rt-PA enhances the post-ischemic activation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) which in turn contributes to blood-brain barrier injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PJ34, a potent PARP inhibitor, improves poor reperfusion induced by delayed rt-PA administration, exerts vasculoprotective effects, and finally increases the therapeutic window of rt-PA. Stroke was induced by thrombin injection (0.75 UI in 1 μl) in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) of male Swiss mice. Administration of rt-PA (0.9 mg kg-1) or saline was delayed for 4 h after ischemia onset. Saline or PJ34 (3 mg kg-1) was given intraperitoneally twice, just after thrombin injection and 3 h later, or once, 3 h after ischemia onset. Reperfusion was evaluated by laser Doppler, vascular inflammation by immunohistochemistry of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, and vasospasm by morphometric measurement of the MCA. Edema, cortical lesion, and sensorimotor deficit were evaluated. Treatment with PJ34 improved rt-PA-induced reperfusion and promoted vascular protection including reduction in vascular inflammation (decrease in VCAM-1 expression), HT, and MCA vasospasm. Additionally, the combined treatment significantly reduced brain edema, cortical lesion, and sensorimotor deficit. In conclusion, the combination of the PARP inhibitor PJ34 with rt-PA after cerebral ischemia may be of particular interest in order to improve thrombolysis with an extended therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Amki
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Lerouet
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie Garraud
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Fei Teng
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Beray-Berthat
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Bérard Coqueran
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Barsacq
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Abbou
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Palmier
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Marchand-Leroux
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Margaill
- EA4475 - "Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale", Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France.
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Zinnhardt B, Wiesmann M, Honold L, Barca C, Schäfers M, Kiliaan AJ, Jacobs AH. In vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation in the development and assessment of stroke therapies - towards clinical translation. Theranostics 2018; 8:2603-2620. [PMID: 29774062 PMCID: PMC5956996 DOI: 10.7150/thno.24128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment after stroke opens a new avenue for the development of novel neurorestorative therapies in stroke. Understanding the spatio-temporal profile of (neuro-)inflammatory imaging biomarkers in detail thereby represents a crucial factor in the development and application of immunomodulatory therapies. The early integration of quantitative molecular imaging biomarkers in stroke drug development may provide key information about (i) early diagnosis and follow-up, (ii) spatio-temporal drug-target engagement (pharmacodynamic biomarker), (iii) differentiation of responders and non-responders in the patient cohort (inclusion/exclusion criteria; predictive biomarkers), and (iv) the mechanism of action. The use of targeted imaging biomarkers for may thus allow clinicians to decipher the profile of patient-specific inflammatory activity and the development of patient-tailored strategies for immunomodulatory and neuro-restorative therapies in stroke. Here, we highlight the recent developments in preclinical and clinical molecular imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation (endothelial markers, microglia, MMPs, cell labeling, future developments) in stroke and outline how imaging biomarkers can be used in overcoming current translational roadblocks and attrition in order to advance new immunomodulatory compounds within the clinical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
- EU 7 th FP Programme “Imaging Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND)”
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Honold
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristina Barca
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
- PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D)
| | - Michael Schäfers
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms University Münster, Münster, Germany
- EU 7 th FP Programme “Imaging Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND)”
- Cells in Motion (CiM) Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- PET Imaging in Drug Design and Development (PET3D)
- Department of Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital, Evangelische Kliniken, Bonn, Germany
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Gauberti M, Fournier AP, Docagne F, Vivien D, Martinez de Lizarrondo S. Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Endothelial Activation in the Central Nervous System. Theranostics 2018; 8:1195-1212. [PMID: 29507614 PMCID: PMC5835930 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells of the central nervous system over-express surface proteins during neurological disorders, either as a cause, or a consequence, of the disease. Since the cerebral vasculature is easily accessible by large contrast-carrying particles, it constitutes a target of choice for molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in molecular MRI of brain endothelial activation and focus on the development of micro-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO) targeting adhesion molecules including intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), P-Selectin and E-Selectin. We also discuss the perspectives and challenges for the clinical application of this technology in neurovascular disorders (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, diabetes mellitus), neuroinflammatory disorders (multiple sclerosis, brain infectious diseases, sepsis), neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, aging) and brain cancers (primitive neoplasms, metastasis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging for Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Department of diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Antoine P. Fournier
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging for Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fabian Docagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging for Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging for Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
- CHU Caen, Clinical Research Department, CHU de Caen Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging for Neurological Disorders (PhIND), Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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Hsu FT, Liu HS, Ali AAA, Tsai PH, Kao YC, Lu CF, Huang HS, Chen CY. Assessing the selective therapeutic efficacy of superparamagnetic erlotinib nanoparticles in lung cancer by using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and a nuclear factor kappa-B reporter gene system. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1019-1031. [PMID: 29391212 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors are commonly used as the first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC; however, the efficacy of drug delivery remains unknown. Hence, we successfully developed erlotinib-conjugated iron oxide nanoparticles (FeDC-E NPs) as theranostic probe that can potentially provide a new avenue for monitoring drug delivering through noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. MRI ΔR2* relaxivity measurements offer an opportunity to quantitatively evaluate the uptake of FeDC-E NPs at cellular and tumoral levels. Additionally, NF-κB reporter gene system provides NF-κB activation status monitoring to validate the therapeutic efficiency of FeDC-E NPs. FeDC-E NPs not only inhibit the tumor growth and NF-κB-modulated antiapoptotic mechanism but also trigger extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Taken together, dual functional FeDC-E NPs offer diagnostic and therapeutic benefits against lung cancers, indicating that our presented probe could be applied in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Translational Imaging, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Shan Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Atef Ahmed Ali
- Research Center of Translational Imaging, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Huei Tsai
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Translational Imaging, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Kao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Translational Imaging, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Lu
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Translational Imaging, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute for Cancer Biology & Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Translational Imaging, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen Z, Yan C, Yan S, Liu Q, Hou M, Xu Y, Guo R. Non-invasive monitoring of in vivo hydrogel degradation and cartilage regeneration by multiparametric MR imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1146-1158. [PMID: 29464005 PMCID: PMC5817116 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous biodegradable hydrogels for cartilage regeneration have been widely used in the field of tissue engineering. However, to non-invasively monitor hydrogel degradation and efficiently evaluate cartilage restoration in situ is still challenging. Methods: A ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-labeled cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/silk fibroin (SF)-blended hydrogel system was developed to monitor hydrogel degradation during cartilage regeneration. The physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility of the hydrogel were evaluated in vitro. The in vivo hydrogel degradation and cartilage regeneration of different implants were assessed using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and further confirmed by histological analysis in a rabbit cartilage defect model for 3 months. Results: USPIO-labeled hydrogels showed sufficient MR contrast enhancement and retained stability without loss of the relaxation rate. Neither the mechanical properties of the hydrogels nor the proliferation of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were affected by USPIO labeling in vitro. CNC/SF hydrogels with BMSCs degraded more quickly than the acellular hydrogels as reflected by the MR relaxation rate trends in vivo. The morphology of neocartilage was noninvasively visualized by the three-dimensional water-selective cartilage MRI scan sequence, and the cartilage repair was further demonstrated by macroscopic and histological observations. Conclusion: This USPIO-labeled CNC/SF hydrogel system provides a new perspective on image-guided tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration.
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Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) enables the detection of a protein of interest in vivo, in a noninvasive manner. The general concept of mMRI is to target a contrast agent to a protein of interest, and to perform a contrast-sensitive MRI sequence. Typically, contrast agents are made of a "contrastophore" (the part of the construct responsible for the contrast on the images) and a targeting moiety ("pharmacophore"). Recently, the development of a new family of contrastophore carrying a high payload of iron oxide (micro-sized particles of iron oxide, MPIO) has led to a dramatic increase in the sensitivity of mMRI. Here, we describe the production of targeted MPIO using commercially available reagents and the MRI protocols to allow their detection in vivo.
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Abstract
Neurocardiology is an emerging specialty that addresses the interaction between the brain and the heart, that is, the effects of cardiac injury on the brain and the effects of brain injury on the heart. This review article focuses on cardiac dysfunction in the setting of stroke such as ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The majority of post-stroke deaths are attributed to neurological damage, and cardiovascular complications are the second leading cause of post-stroke mortality. Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggests a causal relationship between brain damage and heart dysfunction. Thus, it is important to determine whether cardiac dysfunction is triggered by stroke, is an unrelated complication, or is the underlying cause of stroke. Stroke-induced cardiac damage may lead to fatality or potentially lifelong cardiac problems (such as heart failure), or to mild and recoverable damage such as neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The role of location and lateralization of brain lesions after stroke in brain-heart interaction; clinical biomarkers and manifestations of cardiac complications; and underlying mechanisms of brain-heart interaction after stroke, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; catecholamine surge; sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation; microvesicles; microRNAs; gut microbiome, immunoresponse, and systemic inflammation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chen
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Poornima Venkat
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Don Seyfried
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Tao Yan
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
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Chiang PL, Chen HL, Lu CH, Chen PC, Chen MH, Yang IH, Tsai NW, Lin WC. White matter damage and systemic inflammation in Parkinson's disease. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:48. [PMID: 28595572 PMCID: PMC5465562 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0367-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation and white matter (WM) alterations have been noted as effects of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study sought to evaluate WM integrity in PD patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to assess its relationship with systemic inflammation. Methods Sixty-six patients with PD (23 men and 43 women) and 67 healthy volunteers (29 men and 38 women) underwent blood sampling to quantify inflammatory markers and DTI scans to determine fiber integrity. The inflammatory markers included leukocyte apoptosis, as well as cellular and serum adhesion molecules, in each peripheral blood sample. DTI-related indices [including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD)] were derived from DTI scans. The resulting FA maps were compared using voxel-based statistics to determine differences between the PD and control groups. The differences in the DTI indices, clinical severity, and inflammatory markers were correlated. Results Exploratory group-wise comparison between the two groups revealed that the PD patients exhibited extensive DTI index differences. Low FA accompanied by high RD and MD, without significant differences in AD, suggesting a demyelination process, were found in the parietal, occipital, cerebellar, and insular WM of the PD patients. The declined DTI indices were significantly correlated with increased clinical disease severity, adhesion molecules, and leukocyte apoptosis. Conclusions Patients with PD experience WM integrity damage in vulnerable regions, and these impairments are associated with increased disease severity and systemic inflammation. The possible interactions among them may represent variant neuronal injuries and their consequent processes in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0367-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Ling Chiang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83305, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83305, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83305, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83305, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiao Yang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83305, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Che Lin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, 83305, Taiwan.
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Prediction of disease activity in models of multiple sclerosis by molecular magnetic resonance imaging of P-selectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6116-6121. [PMID: 28533365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619424114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies for detecting disease activity in multiple sclerosis are being investigated to ameliorate diagnosis and follow-up of patients. Today, although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to diagnose and monitor multiple sclerosis, no imaging tools exist to predict the evolution of disease and the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. Here, we show that molecular MRI targeting the endothelial adhesion molecule P-selectin unmasks the pathological events that take place in the spinal cord of mice subjected to chronic or relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This approach provides a quantitative spatiotemporal follow-up of disease course in relation to clinical manifestations. Moreover, it predicts relapse in asymptomatic mice and remission in symptomatic animals. Future molecular MRI targeting P-selectin may be used to improve diagnosis, follow-up of treatment, and management of relapse/remission cycles in multiple sclerosis patients by providing information currently inaccessible through conventional MRI techniques.
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Lagarde J, Sarazin M, Bottlaender M. In vivo PET imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:847-867. [PMID: 28516240 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Molecular imaging by PET may be a useful tool to assess neuroinflammation in vivo, thus helping to decipher the complex role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and providing a potential means of monitoring the effect of new therapeutic approaches. For this objective, the main target of PET studies is the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), as it is overexpressed by activated microglia. In the present review, we describe the most widely used PET tracers targeting the TSPO, the methodological issues in tracer quantification and summarize the results obtained by TSPO PET imaging in AD, as well as in neurodegenerative disorders associated with AD, in psychiatric disorders and ageing. We also briefly describe alternative PET targets and imaging modalities to study neuroinflammation. Lastly, we question the meaning of PET imaging data in the context of a highly complex and multifaceted role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. This overview leads to the conclusion that PET imaging of neuroinflammation is a promising way of deciphering the enigma of the pathophysiology of AD and of monitoring the effect of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lagarde
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Unit of Neurology of Memory and Language, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. .,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire in Vivo, UMR 1023, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91400, Orsay, France.
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Deddens LH, van Tilborg GAF, van der Marel K, Hunt H, van der Toorn A, Viergever MA, de Vries HE, Dijkhuizen RM. In Vivo Molecular MRI of ICAM-1 Expression on Endothelium and Leukocytes from Subacute to Chronic Stages After Experimental Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:10.1007/s12975-017-0536-4. [PMID: 28509283 PMCID: PMC5590030 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0536-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular MRI allows in vivo detection of vascular cell adhesion molecules expressed on inflamed endothelium, which enables detection of specific targets for anti-neuroinflammatory treatment. We explored to what extent MR contrast agent targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) could detect endothelial- and leukocyte-associated ICAM-1 expression at different stages after experimental stroke. Furthermore, we assessed potential interfering effects of ICAM-1-targeted contrast agent on post-stroke lesion growth. Micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO) functionalized with control IgG (IgG-MPIO) or anti-ICAM-1 antibody (αICAM-1-MPIO) were administrated at 1, 2, 3, 7, and 21 days after unilateral transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice, followed by in vivo MRI and postmortem immunohistochemistry. αICAM-1-MPIO induced significant contrast effects in the lesion core on post-stroke days 1, 2, and 3, and in the lesion borderzone and contralesional tissue on post-stroke day 2. αICAM-1-MPIO were confined to ICAM-1-positive vessels and occasionally co-localized with leukocytes. On post-stroke day 21, abundant leukocyte-associated αICAM-1-MPIO was immunohistochemically detected in the lesion core. However, MRI-based detection of αICAM-1-MPIO-labeled leukocytes was confounded by pre-contrast MRI hypointensities, presumably caused by phagocytosed blood remains. IgG-MPIO did not induce significant MRI contrast effects at 1 h after injection. Lesion development was not affected by injection of αICAM-1-MPIO or IgG-MPIO. αICAM-1-MPIO are suitable for in vivo MRI of ICAM-1 expression on vascular endothelium and leukocytes at different stages after stroke. Development of clinically applicable MPIO may offer unique opportunities for MRI-based diagnosis of neuroinflammation and identification of anti-inflammatory targets in acute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette H Deddens
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geralda A F van Tilborg
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kajo van der Marel
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hedi Hunt
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Toorn
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max A Viergever
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Da Silva-Candal A, Argibay B, Iglesias-Rey R, Vargas Z, Vieites-Prado A, López-Arias E, Rodríguez-Castro E, López-Dequidt I, Rodríguez-Yáñez M, Piñeiro Y, Sobrino T, Campos F, Rivas J, Castillo J. Vectorized nanodelivery systems for ischemic stroke: a concept and a need. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:30. [PMID: 28399863 PMCID: PMC5387212 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases of diverse aetiologies have significant effects on the quality of life of patients. The limited self-repairing capacity of the brain is considered to be the origin of the irreversible and progressive nature of many neurological diseases. Therefore, neuroprotection is an important goal shared by many clinical neurologists and neuroscientists. In this review, we discuss the main obstacles that have prevented the implementation of experimental neuroprotective strategies in humans and propose alternative avenues for the use of neuroprotection as a feasible therapeutic approach. Special attention is devoted to nanotechnology, which is a new approach for developing highly specific and localized biomedical solutions for the study of the multiple mechanisms involved in stroke. Nanotechnology is contributing to personalized neuroprotection by allowing us to identify mechanisms, determine optimal therapeutic windows, and protect patients from brain damage. In summary, multiple aspects of these new players in biomedicine should be considered in future in vivo and in vitro studies with the aim of improving their applicability to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Da Silva-Candal
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bárbara Argibay
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Zulema Vargas
- Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Vieites-Prado
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esteban López-Arias
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Emilio Rodríguez-Castro
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria López-Dequidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Yáñez
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yolanda Piñeiro
- Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Campos
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Rivas
- Nanomag Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Technological Research Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - José Castillo
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), c/Travesa da Choupana, s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Hu X, De Silva TM, Chen J, Faraci FM. Cerebral Vascular Disease and Neurovascular Injury in Ischemic Stroke. Circ Res 2017; 120:449-471. [PMID: 28154097 PMCID: PMC5313039 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of cerebrovascular disease are among the leading health issues worldwide. Large and small cerebral vessel disease can trigger stroke and contribute to the vascular component of other forms of neurological dysfunction and degeneration. Both forms of vascular disease are driven by diverse risk factors, with hypertension as the leading contributor. Despite the importance of neurovascular disease and subsequent injury after ischemic events, fundamental knowledge in these areas lag behind our current understanding of neuroprotection and vascular biology in general. The goal of this review is to address select key structural and functional changes in the vasculature that promote hypoperfusion and ischemia, while also affecting the extent of injury and effectiveness of therapy. In addition, as damage to the blood-brain barrier is one of the major consequences of ischemia, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ischemia-induced changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and function, including alterations in endothelial cells and the contribution of pericytes, immune cells, and matrix metalloproteinases. Identification of cell types, pathways, and molecules that control vascular changes before and after ischemia may result in novel approaches to slow the progression of cerebrovascular disease and lessen both the frequency and impact of ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - T. Michael De Silva
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Frank M. Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Hyperfibrinolysis increases blood–brain barrier permeability by a plasmin- and bradykinin-dependent mechanism. Blood 2016; 128:2423-2434. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-03-705384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Hydrodynamic transfection of plasmids encoding for plasminogen activators leads to a hyperfibrinolytic state in mice. Hyperfibrinolysis increases BBB permeability via a plasmin- and bradykinin-dependent mechanism.
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Quenault A, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Etard O, Gauberti M, Orset C, Haelewyn B, Segal HC, Rothwell PM, Vivien D, Touzé E, Ali C. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging discloses endothelial activation after transient ischaemic attack. Brain 2016; 140:146-157. [PMID: 28031221 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SEE SUN ET AL DOI101093/AWW306 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: About 20% of patients with ischaemic stroke have a preceding transient ischaemic attack, which is clinically defined as focal neurological symptoms of ischaemic origin resolving spontaneously. Failure to diagnose transient ischaemic attack is a wasted opportunity to prevent recurrent disabling stroke. Unfortunately, diagnosis can be difficult, due to numerous mimics, and to the absence of a specific test. New diagnostic tools are thus needed, in particular for radiologically silent cases, which correspond to the recommended tissue-based definition of transient ischaemic attack. As endothelial activation is a hallmark of cerebrovascular events, we postulated that this may also be true for transient ischaemic attack, and that it would be clinically relevant to develop non-invasive in vivo imaging to detect this endothelial activation. Using transcriptional and immunohistological analyses for adhesion molecules in a mouse model, we identified brain endothelial P-selectin as a potential biomarker for transient ischaemic attack. We thus developed ultra-sensitive molecular magnetic resonance imaging using antibody-based microparticles of iron oxide targeting P-selectin. This highly sensitive imaging strategy unmasked activated endothelial cells after experimental transient ischaemic attack and allowed discriminating transient ischaemic attack from epilepsy and migraine, two important transient ischaemic attack mimics. We provide preclinical evidence that combining conventional magnetic resonance imaging with molecular magnetic resonance imaging targeting P-selectin might aid in the diagnosis of transient ischaemic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Quenault
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez de Lizarrondo
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Etard
- 2 CHU de Caen, Laboratoire des Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, 14000 Caen, France.,3 Medical School, CHU de Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Maxime Gauberti
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Cyrille Orset
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Benoît Haelewyn
- 4 Centre Universitaire de Ressources Biologiques, Université Caen-Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Helen C Segal
- 5 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Peter M Rothwell
- 5 Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Denis Vivien
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.,6 CHU Caen, Department of Clinical Research, CHU Caen Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Touzé
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France.,7 CHU Caen, Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, CHU Caen Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Carine Ali
- 1 Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Cyceron, 14000 Caen, France
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Briens A, Gauberti M, Parcq J, Montaner J, Vivien D, de lizarrondo SM. Nano-zymography Using Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy Unmasks Proteolytic Activity of Cell-Derived Microparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:610-26. [PMID: 27022410 PMCID: PMC4805657 DOI: 10.7150/thno.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) are nano-sized vesicles released by activated cells in the extracellular milieu. They act as vectors of biological activity by carrying membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic constituents of the parental cells. Although detection and characterization of cell-derived MPs may be of high diagnostic and prognostic values in a number of human diseases, reliable measurement of their size, number and biological activity still remains challenging using currently available methods. In the present study, we developed a protocol to directly image and functionally characterize MPs using high-resolution laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Once trapped on annexin-V coated micro-wells, we developed several assays using fluorescent reporters to measure their size, detect membrane antigens and evaluate proteolytic activity (nano-zymography). In particular, we demonstrated the applicability and specificity of this method to detect antigens and proteolytic activities of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase and plasmin at the surface of engineered MPs from transfected cell-lines. Furthermore, we were able to identify a subset of tPA-bearing fibrinolytic MPs using plasma samples from a cohort of ischemic stroke patients who received thrombolytic therapy and in an experimental model of thrombin-induced ischemic stroke in mice. Overall, this method is promising for functional characterization of cell-derived MPs.
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Gauberti M, De Lizarrondo SM, Vivien D. The "inflammatory penumbra" in ischemic stroke: From clinical data to experimental evidence. Eur Stroke J 2016; 1:20-27. [PMID: 31008264 DOI: 10.1177/2396987316630249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of the available clinical and preclinical data supporting the existence of an "inflammatory penumbra" in ischemic stroke. Findings Recent data from clinical trials suggest the existence of an inflammatory area at risk, surrounding the initial ischemic lesion and secondarily infiltrated by lymphocytes, that is ultimately recruited by the ischemic core: called the "inflammatory penumbra." Experimental results support this concept. Lymphocytes, especially T-cells, enter the brain in the perilesional area in a vascular-cell adhesion molecule-1 dependent manner and participate in delayed neuronal cell death. Methods For writing this review, we used the more recent publications in the field, including the preclinical and clinical studies. We have also used our own experise in the field of in vivo imaging of inflammatory processes. Discussion Consequently, the intensity of the inflammatory reaction and the size of the inflammatory penumbra may vary considerably in patients, as it is the case in experimental stroke models in mice. By analogy with the ischemic penumbra of the acute phase of stroke, this secondary inflammatory penumbra represents a therapeutic opportunity during the subacute phase of stroke. Large clinical trials that target lymphocyte trafficking are currently taking place. However, to improve the benefit of such therapeutic strategies, adequate patient selection may be mandatory. Conclusion In this context, innovative imaging methods including magnetic resonance imaging of adhesion molecules may contribute to noninvasively detect this inflammatory penumbra and thus to select patients eligible for such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France. University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Sara Martinez De Lizarrondo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France. University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), INSERM UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France. University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
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