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Xiao Y, Chen L, Xu K, Zhou M, Han Y, Luo J, Ai Y, Wang M, Jin Y, Qiao R, Kong S, Fan Z, Xu L, Wang H. Gain-of-function variants in GSDME cause pyroptosis and apoptosis associated with post-lingual hearing loss. Hum Genet 2024; 143:979-993. [PMID: 39066985 PMCID: PMC11303571 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), a member of the gasdermin protein family, is associated with post-lingual hearing loss. All GSDME pathogenic mutations lead to skipping exon 8; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying hearing loss caused by GSDME mutants remain unclear. GSDME was recently identified as one of the mediators of programmed cell death, including apoptosis and pyroptosis. Therefore, in this study, we injected mice with GSDME mutant (MT) and examined the expression levels to assess its effect on hearing impairment. We observed loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion neurons. Further, the N-terminal release from the GSDME mutant in HEI-OC1 cells caused pyroptosis, characterized by cell swelling and rupture of the plasma membrane, releasing lactate dehydrogenase and cytokines such as interleukin-1β. We also observed that the N-terminal release from GSDME mutants could permeabilize the mitochondrial membrane, releasing cytochromes and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, thereby generating possible positive feedback on the cleavage of GSDME. Furthermore, we found that treatment with disulfiram or dimethyl fumarate might inhibit pyroptosis and apoptosis by inhibiting the release of GSDME-N from GSDME mutants. In conclusion, this study elucidated the molecular mechanism associated with hearing loss caused by GSDME gene mutations, offering novel insights for potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Kaifan Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuechen Han
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Hearing and Balance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfen Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Auditory Implant Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hearing and Balance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Ai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Clinical Audiology Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Hearing and Balance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Hearing and Balance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruifeng Qiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuhui Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaomin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
- Hearing and Balance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
- Auditory Implant Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Clinical Audiology Center, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Hearing and Balance Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Murthy M, Fodder K, Miki Y, Rambarack N, De Pablo Fernandez E, Pihlstrøm L, Mill J, Warner TT, Lashley T, Bettencourt C. DNA methylation patterns in the frontal lobe white matter of multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy: a cross-comparative investigation. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:4. [PMID: 38995454 PMCID: PMC11245434 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis, with oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) containing α-synuclein being the primary pathological hallmark. Clinical presentations of MSA overlap with other parkinsonian disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), posing challenges in early diagnosis. Numerous studies have reported alterations in DNA methylation in neurodegenerative diseases, with candidate loci being identified in various parkinsonian disorders including MSA, PD, and PSP. Although MSA and PSP present with substantial white matter pathology, alterations in white matter have also been reported in PD. However, studies comparing the DNA methylation architectures of white matter in these diseases are lacking. We therefore aimed to investigate genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the frontal lobe white matter of individuals with MSA (n = 17), PD (n = 17), and PSP (n = 16) along with controls (n = 15) using the Illumina EPIC array, to identify shared and disease-specific DNA methylation alterations. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of frontal lobe white matter in the three parkinsonian disorders revealed substantial commonalities in DNA methylation alterations in MSA, PD, and PSP. We further used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify disease-associated co-methylation signatures and identified dysregulation in processes relating to Wnt signaling, signal transduction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial processes, RNA interference, and endosomal transport to be shared between these parkinsonian disorders. Our overall analysis points toward more similarities in DNA methylation patterns between MSA and PD, both synucleinopathies, compared to that between MSA and PD with PSP, which is a tauopathy. Our results also highlight several shared DNA methylation changes and pathways indicative of converging molecular mechanisms in the white matter contributing toward neurodegeneration in all three parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Murthy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Katherine Fodder
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Naiomi Rambarack
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Eduardo De Pablo Fernandez
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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3
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Billman ZP, Kovacs SB, Wei B, Kang K, Cissé OH, Miao EA. Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals. eLife 2024; 12:RP92362. [PMID: 38497531 PMCID: PMC10948149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family. A gene duplication of GSDMA in the common ancestor of caecilian amphibians, reptiles, and birds gave rise to GSDMA-D in mammals. Uniquely in our tree, amphibian, reptile, and bird GSDMA group in a separate clade than mammal GSDMA. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contain caspase-1 cleavage sites like YVAD or FASD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Paul Billman
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Stephen Bela Kovacs
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Kidong Kang
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Ousmane H Cissé
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical CenterBethesdaUnited States
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Pathology; and Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
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Poon IKH, Ravichandran KS. Targeting Efferocytosis in Inflammaging. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:339-357. [PMID: 37585658 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-032723-110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes, a process known as efferocytosis, is key for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, the resolution of inflammation, and tissue repair. However, impaired efferocytosis can result in the accumulation of apoptotic cells, subsequently triggering sterile inflammation through the release of endogenous factors such as DNA and nuclear proteins from membrane permeabilized dying cells. Here, we review the molecular basis of the three key phases of efferocytosis, that is, the detection, uptake, and degradation of apoptotic materials by phagocytes. We also discuss how defects in efferocytosis due to the alteration of phagocytes and dying cells can contribute to the low-grade chronic inflammation that occurs during aging, described as inflammaging. Lastly, we explore opportunities in targeting and harnessing the efferocytic machinery to limit aging-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, and Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Billman ZP, Kovacs SB, Wei B, Kang K, Cissé OH, Miao EA. Caspase-1 activates gasdermin A in non-mammals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.28.559989. [PMID: 37987010 PMCID: PMC10659411 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Gasdermins oligomerize to form pores in the cell membrane, causing regulated lytic cell death called pyroptosis. Mammals encode five gasdermins that can trigger pyroptosis: GSDMA, B, C, D, and E. Caspase and granzyme proteases cleave the linker regions of and activate GSDMB, C, D, and E, but no endogenous activation pathways are yet known for GSDMA. Here, we perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the gasdermin family. A gene duplication of GSDMA in the common ancestor of caecilian amphibians, reptiles and birds gave rise to GSDMA-D in mammals. Uniquely in our tree, amphibian, reptile and bird GSDMA group in a separate clade than mammal GSDMA. Remarkably, GSDMA in numerous bird species contain caspase-1 cleavage sites like YVAD or FASD in the linker. We show that GSDMA from birds, amphibians, and reptiles are all cleaved by caspase-1. Thus, GSDMA was originally cleaved by the host-encoded protease caspase-1. In mammals the caspase-1 cleavage site in GSDMA is disrupted; instead, a new protein, GSDMD, is the target of caspase-1. Mammal caspase-1 uses exosite interactions with the GSDMD C-terminal domain to confer the specificity of this interaction, whereas we show that bird caspase-1 uses a stereotypical tetrapeptide sequence to confer specificity for bird GSDMA. Our results reveal an evolutionarily stable association between caspase-1 and the gasdermin family, albeit a shifting one. Caspase-1 repeatedly changes its target gasdermin over evolutionary time at speciation junctures, initially cleaving GSDME in fish, then GSDMA in amphibians/reptiles/birds, and finally GSDMD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Billman
- Duke University School of Medicine
- National Institutes of Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Departments of: Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pathology; Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kovacs
- Duke University School of Medicine
- National Institutes of Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Departments of: Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pathology; Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Wei
- Duke University School of Medicine
- Departments of: Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pathology; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kidong Kang
- Duke University School of Medicine
- Departments of: Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pathology; Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ousmane H Cissé
- National Institutes of Health
- Critical Care Medicine Department; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Duke University School of Medicine
- National Institutes of Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Departments of: Integrative Immunobiology; Molecular Genetics and Microbiology; Cell Biology; Pathology; Durham, NC, USA
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Jiang H, Liu P, Kang J, Wu J, Gong W, Li X, Li Y, Liu J, Li W, Ni C, Liao B, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Precise Orchestration of Gasdermins' Pore-Forming Function by Posttranslational Modifications in Health and Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4931-4947. [PMID: 37781519 PMCID: PMC10539709 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermins (GSDMs) serve as pivotal executors of pyroptosis and play crucial roles in host defence, cytokine secretion, innate immunity, and cancer. However, excessive or inappropriate GSDMs activation is invariably accompanied by exaggerated inflammation and results in tissue damage. In contrast, deficient or impaired activation of GSDMs often fails to promptly eliminate pathogens, leading to the increasing severity of infections. The activity of GSDMs requires meticulous regulation. The dynamic modulation of GSDMs involves many aspects, including autoinhibitory structures, proteolytic cleavage, lipid binding and membrane translocation (oligomerization and pre-pore formation), oligomerization (pore formation) and pore removal for membrane repair. As the most comprehensive and efficient regulatory pathway, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are widely implicated in the regulation of these aspects. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the complex mechanisms through which a variety of proteases cleave GSDMs to enhance or hinder their function. Moreover, we summarize the intricate regulatory mechanisms of PTMs that govern GSDMs-induced pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Peizhao Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jiaqi Kang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuanheng Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Juanhan Liu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chujun Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Bo Liao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Distinct GSDMB protein isoforms and protease cleavage processes differentially control pyroptotic cell death and mitochondrial damage in cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1366-1381. [PMID: 36899106 PMCID: PMC10154425 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin (GSDM)-mediated pyroptosis is functionally involved in multiple diseases, but Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) exhibit cell death-dependent and independent activities in several pathologies including cancer. When the GSDMB pore-forming N-terminal domain is released by Granzyme-A cleavage, it provokes cancer cell death, but uncleaved GSDMB promotes multiple pro-tumoral effects (invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance). To uncover the mechanisms of GSDMB pyroptosis, here we determined the GSDMB regions essential for cell death and described for the first time a differential role of the four translated GSDMB isoforms (GSDMB1-4, that differ in the alternative usage of exons 6-7) in this process. Accordingly, we here prove that exon 6 translation is essential for GSDMB mediated pyroptosis, and therefore, GSDMB isoforms lacking this exon (GSDMB1-2) cannot provoke cancer cell death. Consistently, in breast carcinomas the expression of GSDMB2, and not exon 6-containing variants (GSDMB3-4), associates with unfavourable clinical-pathological parameters. Mechanistically, we show that GSDMB N-terminal constructs containing exon-6 provoke cell membrane lysis and a concomitant mitochondrial damage. Moreover, we have identified specific residues within exon 6 and other regions of the N-terminal domain that are important for GSDMB-triggered cell death as well as for mitochondrial impairment. Additionally, we demonstrated that GSDMB cleavage by specific proteases (Granzyme-A, Neutrophil Elastase and caspases) have different effects on pyroptosis regulation. Thus, immunocyte-derived Granzyme-A can cleave all GSDMB isoforms, but in only those containing exon 6, this processing results in pyroptosis induction. By contrast, the cleavage of GSDMB isoforms by Neutrophil Elastase or caspases produces short N-terminal fragments with no cytotoxic activity, thus suggesting that these proteases act as inhibitory mechanisms of pyroptosis. Summarizing, our results have important implications for understanding the complex roles of GSDMB isoforms in cancer or other pathologies and for the future design of GSDMB-targeted therapies.
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Analysis of NFKB1 and NFKB2 gene expression in the blood of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 166:111470. [PMID: 36773447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) is an increasingly common health problem today. Although the direct mortality rate of this disorder is relatively low, its impact on quality of life is enormous; this is why accurate identification of pathogenesis and influencing factors in the disease process can play an essential role in preventing and treating the disease. Acute inflammation, which leads to chronic inflammation due to aberrant expression of inflammation-mediating genes, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The essential Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway genes, NFKB1 and NFKB2, serve as prothrombotic agents when expressed abnormally, compromising the cochlea by disrupting the endolymphatic potential and causing SSNHL. METHODS This study investigates the expression levels of NFKB1 and NFKB2 in peripheral blood (PB) through a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 50 Iranian patients with SSNHL, and 50 healthy volunteers were of the same age and sex as controls. RESULTS As a result, NFKB2 expression levels in patients were higher than in controls, regardless of sex or age (posterior beta = 0.619, adjusted P-value = 0.016), and NFKB1 expression levels did not show significant differences between patients and controls. The expression levels of NFKB1 and NFKB2 had significantly strong positive correlations in both SSNHL patients and healthy individuals (r = 0.620, P = 0.001 and r = 0.657, P 0.001, respectively), suggesting the presence of an interconnected network. CONCLUSION NFKB2 has been identified as a significant inflammatory factor in the pathophysiology of SSNHL disease. Inflammation can play an essential role in developing SSNHL, and our findings could be used as a guide for future research.
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Hashimoto S, Matsuba Y, Takahashi M, Kamano N, Watamura N, Sasaguri H, Takado Y, Yoshihara Y, Saito T, Saido TC. Neuronal glutathione loss leads to neurodegeneration involving gasdermin activation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1109. [PMID: 36670138 PMCID: PMC9859798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that glutathione loss is closely associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we found that the neuronal conditional-knockout (KO) of glutamyl-cysteine-ligase catalytic-subunit (GCLC), a rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione synthesis, induced brain atrophy accompanied by neuronal loss and neuroinflammation. GCLC-KO mice showed activation of C1q, which triggers engulfment of neurons by microglia, and disease-associated-microglia (DAM), suggesting that activation of microglia is linked to the neuronal loss. Furthermore, gasdermins, which regulate inflammatory form of cell death, were upregulated in the brains of GCLC-KO mice, suggesting the contribution of pyroptosis to neuronal cell death in these animals. In particular, GSDME-deficiency significantly attenuated the hippocampal atrophy and changed levels of DAM markers in GCLC-KO mice. Finally, we found that the expression of GCLC was decreased around amyloid plaques in AppNL-G-F AD model mice. AppNL-G-F mouse also exhibited inflammatory events similar to GCLC-KO mouse. We propose a mechanism by which a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation enhances neurodegenerative processes. Furthermore, GCLC-KO mouse will serve as a useful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and in the development of new treatment strategies to address neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hashimoto
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Pioneering Research Division, Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yukio Matsuba
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mika Takahashi
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoko Kamano
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoto Watamura
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sasaguri
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Dementia Pathophysiology Collaboration Unit, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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10
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Chen J, Li M, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xiong K. Molecular mechanisms of neuronal death in brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1025708. [PMID: 36582214 PMCID: PMC9793715 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1025708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a common cerebrovascular disease with high disability and mortality rates worldwide. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in an aneurysm rupture in SAH are complex and can be divided into early brain injury and delayed brain injury. The initial mechanical insult results in brain tissue and vascular disruption with hemorrhages and neuronal necrosis. Following this, the secondary injury results in diffused cerebral damage in the peri-core area. However, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal death following an aneurysmal SAH are complex and currently unclear. Furthermore, multiple cell death pathways are stimulated during the pathogenesis of brain damage. Notably, particular attention should be devoted to necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. Thus, this review discussed the mechanism of neuronal death and its influence on brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Neurosurgery, 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuanghua Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Wuxi, China,*Correspondence: Yuhai Wang,
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Kun Xiong,
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11
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Mutation analysis of the GSDME gene in a Chinese family with non-syndromic hearing loss. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276233. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Hearing loss is considered one of the most common sensory nervous system defects, about 60% of which are caused by genetic factors. Mutations in the GSDME gene are responsible for post-lingual, progressive, autosomal dominant hearing loss. This study aimed to characterize the genetic mutations and clinical features of a Chinese GSDME family.
Methods
After clinical evaluations, high-throughput DNA sequencing was conducted using DNA samples from this family. Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the suspected variants. A detailed genotype and phenotype analysis were carried out. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify the signaling pathway associated with GSDME expression.
Results
A known hotspot heterozygous splice-site variation (c.991-15_991_13delTTC) was identified and shown to segregate with the hearing loss phenotype in the family. This pathogenic splice-site variant results in skipping of exon 8. GSEA analysis identified changes in regulation of the cell cycle checkpoint, peroxisome, and amino acid metabolism signaling pathways.
Conclusions
We identified a reported mutation in the GSDME gene. Our findings support the 3 bp deletion (c.991-15_991-13del) was a hotspot variation, and it emerged as an essential contributor to autosomal dominant progressive hearing loss in East Asians. GSDME gene is closely associated with a range of signaling pathways. These characterized findings may provide new evidence for pathogenesis.
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12
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Miao Y, Chen Y, Mi D. Role of gasdermin family proteins in the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11035. [PMID: 36254294 PMCID: PMC9568847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer, accounting for 75%–85% of cases. The occurrence and progression of HCC involve multiple events. Pyroptosis is a gasdermins mediated programmed cell death and is intricately associated with cancerogenesis, including HCC. This review mainly concerns the recent research advances of the gasdermin family members in HCC. The biological roles and specific expression patterns of the family members are discussed, especially those that are involved in the regulatory pathways in the occurrence and progression of HCC. We provide the latest progress into the distinct molecular mechanisms of gasdermin family members involved in the occurrence and development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Miao
- The Cancer Center, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yonggang Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Denghai Mi
- Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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13
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Zhang J, Wirtz S. Does Pyroptosis Play a Role in Inflammasome-Related Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810453. [PMID: 36142364 PMCID: PMC9499396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes orchestrating intracellular recognition of endogenous and exogenous stimuli, cellular homeostasis, and cell death. Upon sensing of certain stimuli, inflammasomes typically activate inflammatory caspases that promote the production and release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-18 and induce a type of inflammatory cell death known as “pyroptosis”. Pyroptosis is an important form of regulated cell death executed by gasdermin proteins, which is largely different from apoptosis and necrosis. Recently, several signaling pathways driving pyroptotic cell death, including canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, as well as caspase-3-dependent pathways, have been reported. While much evidence exists that pyroptosis is involved in the development of several inflammatory diseases, its contribution to inflammasome-related disorders (IRDs) has not been fully clarified. This article reviews molecular mechanisms leading to pyroptosis, and attempts to provide evidence for its possible role in inflammasome-related disorders, including NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome disease, NLR containing a caspase recruitment domain 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome disease, and pyrin inflammasome disease. Although the specific mechanism needs further investigations, these studies have uncovered the role of pyroptosis in inflammasome-related disorders and may open new avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Jin Z, Zhu Q, Lu Y, Cheng J, Yuan H, Han D. Identification of a novel DFNA5 mutation, IVS7-2 a > G, in a Chinese family with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:448-453. [PMID: 35640035 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2019.1597984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, seven DFNA5 mutations have been reported in families with autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss worldwide. All the mutations cause exon 8 skipping at the mRNA level, that led to the protein truncated and the protein could exert a gain of ototoxic function. OBJECTIVE In this study, we found an autosomal-dominant non-syndromic hearing loss Chinese pedigree which spanned four generations and comprised 43 members. We want to identify the causative gene and mutation. METHODS Application of microsatellite markers on DFNA 23 loci preliminary screening of 25 genes, data were analyzed by linkage analysis. RESULTS We mapped the locus to the region between D7S629 and D7S516 (two-point lod-score of 5.39) with the application of 8 microsatellite markers. By direct sequencing of candidate genes in mapping region, we identified a novel missense mutation ivs7-2 A > G in DFNA5 gene, which was faithfully cosegregated with hearing loss in the family. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE The missense mutation in intron 7 of DFNA5 causes skipping of exon 8, resulting in premature termination of the open reading frame. This type of mutation has repeatedly confirmed that it provides more evidence for the previous view and provides a more solid foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhanGuo Jin
- Aerospace Balance Medical Center, Chinese PLA Air Forch General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingwen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Medical Genetics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Medical Genetics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - HuiJun Yuan
- Medical Genetics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, ChongQing, China
| | - DongYi Han
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Liao XX, Dai YZ, Zhao YZ, Nie K. Gasdermin E: A Prospective Target for Therapy of Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:855828. [PMID: 35462927 PMCID: PMC9019550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.855828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME) is a member of the gasdermin protein family, which mediates programmed cell death including apoptosis and pyroptosis. Recently, it was suggested that GSDME is activated by chemotherapeutic drugs to stimulate pyroptosis of cancer cells and trigger anti-tumor immunity, which is identified as a tumor suppressor. However, GSDME-mediated pyroptosis contributes to normal tissue damage, leading to pathological inflammations. Inhibiting GSDME-mediated pyroptosis might be a potential target in ameliorating inflammatory diseases. Therefore, targeting GSDME is a promising option for the treatment of diseases in the future. In this review, we introduce the roles of GSDME-driven programmed cell death in different diseases and the potential targeted therapies of GSDME, so as to provide a foundation for future research.
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16
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GSDME Increases Chemotherapeutic Drug Sensitivity by Inducing Pyroptosis in Retinoblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2371807. [PMID: 35480866 PMCID: PMC9035765 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2371807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an important part of retinoblastoma (RB) treatment. However, the development of drug resistance increases the likelihood of treatment failure. Therefore, increasing the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs is very important. Recent research has explored the relationship between the expression level of gasdermin E (GSDME) and drug sensitivity in RB. Our study found that GSDME expression was significantly reduced in human RB tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of GSDME expression reduced the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Decitabine treatment and transfection with GSDME-overexpressing lentivirus (LV-GSDME) upregulated GSDME expression in Y79 and WERI-RB-1 cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for carboplatin-induced cell death were significantly reduced. Low-dose carboplatin could achieve the IC50, and no significant difference was found in the production of prodeath-activating proteins, but the mode of cell death changed from apoptosis to pyroptosis. Increased GSDME expression can reduce the required dose of chemotherapeutic drugs. After inhibition of caspase-3 activation, the IC50 of carboplatin-induced cell death was significantly increased in cells with high GSDME expression, and the method of cell death switched from pyroptosis to apoptosis, which increased the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, the sensitivity of cells to carboplatin was reduced. The in vivo xenograft tumor model further confirmed that GSDME upregulation could promote carboplatin-induced tumor cell death. Therefore, the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be predicted by detecting the GSDME expression level, and we used pyroptosis induction as a new method for promoting tumor death.
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17
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Blocking GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells alleviates disease activity in lupus mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:113. [PMID: 35279675 PMCID: PMC8918340 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An increase in apoptosis and/or defects in the clearance of apoptotic cells resulting in massive secondary necrosis have been recognized as the main causes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Recent findings have revealed that gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis is a mechanism associated with secondary necrosis. We aimed to investigate the effects of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis on disease activity in lupus mice. In vivo, high levels of GSDME expression were observed in the renal tubules of pristane-induced lupus (PIL) mice and SLE patients. In lupus mice, GSDME knockout or SP600125 administration effectively ameliorated lupus-like features by inhibiting GSDME-mediated renal tubular epithelial cell pyroptosis. In vitro, treatment with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plus cycloheximide (CHX) or SLE sera induced HK2 cells to undergo pyroptosis in a caspase-3- and GSDME-dependent manner. Likewise, SP600125 significantly reduced GSDME expression and decreased pyroptosis in HK2 cells. GSDME-mediated pyroptosis may be associated with SLE pathogenesis, and targeting GSDME may be a potential strategy for treating SLE.
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18
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Liu C, Zheng Z, Li W, Tang D, Zhao L, He Y, Li H. Inhibition of KDM5A attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss via regulation of the MAPK/AKT pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:596. [PMID: 36396833 PMCID: PMC9672031 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potential role of lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A) in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The effect of the KDM5A inhibitor CPI-455 was assessed by apoptosis assay, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, seahorse respirometry assay, and auditory brainstem response test. RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and CUT&Tag assays were used to explore the mechanism underlying CPI-455-induced protection. Our results demonstrated that the expression of KDM5A was increased in cisplatin-injured cochlear hair cells compared with controls. CPI-455 treatment markedly declined KDM5A and elevated H3K4 trimethylation levels in cisplatin-injured cochlear hair cells. Moreover, CPI-455 effectively prevented the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons and increased the number of ribbon synapses in a cisplatin-induced ototoxicity mouse model both in vitro and in vivo. In HEI-OC1 cells, KDM5A knockdown reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and improved mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation under cisplatin-induced stress. Mechanistically, through transcriptomics and epigenomics analyses, a set of apoptosis-related genes, including Sos1, Sos2, and Map3k3, were regulated by CPI-455. Altogether, our findings indicate that inhibition of KDM5A may represent an effective epigenetic therapeutic target for preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingzi He
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 People’s Republic of China ,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China ,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
Pyroptosis is a recently identified mechanism of programmed cell death related to Caspase-1 that triggers a series of inflammatory reactions by releasing several proinflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. The process is characterised by the rupture of cell membranes and the release of cell contents through the mediation of gasdermin (GSDM) proteins. GSDMD is an important member of the GSDM family and plays a critical role in the two pathways of pyroptosis. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Recently, it was revealed that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of DN. In this review, we focus on two types of kidney cells, tubular epithelial cells and renal podocytes, to illustrate the mechanism of pyroptosis in DN and provide new ideas for the prevention, early diagnosis and molecular therapy of DN.
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20
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Wang Y, Peng J, Xie X, Zhang Z, Li M, Yang M. Gasdermin E-mediated programmed cell death: An unpaved path to tumor suppression. J Cancer 2021; 12:5241-5248. [PMID: 34335940 PMCID: PMC8317517 DOI: 10.7150/jca.48989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss-associated protein gasdermin E (GSDME), an effector of secondary necrosis, has been identified in a new pathway of programmed cell death (PCD). GSDME epigenetic silencing and mutations resulting in loss-of-function have been reported in cancer tissues. Additionally, GSDME upregulation inhibits tumor proliferation as well as colony forming ability, and reduces the incidence of lymphatic metastasis, demonstrating that GSDME may act as a tumor suppressor. Here, we have focused on the molecular mechanisms of GSDME-mediated PCD, and tried to reveal the crosstalk between this cell death pathway and apoptosis, autophagy, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Moreover, we concluded the anti-cancer activity of GSDME include forming permeable membranes, and triggering anti-cancer immunity. Thus, GSDME was potential to be a novel target for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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21
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SOD2 Alleviates Hearing Loss Induced by Noise and Kanamycin in Mitochondrial DNA4834-deficient Rats by Regulating PI3K/MAPK Signaling. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:587-596. [PMID: 34169429 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)-mediated gene therapy has significant protective effects against kanamycin-induced hearing loss and hair cell loss in the inner ear, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, an in vivo aging model of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)4834 deletion mutation was established using D-galactose, and the effects of noise or kanamycin on inner ear injury was investigated. Rats subjected to mtDNA4834 mutation via D-galactose administration showed hearing loss characterized by the disruption of inner ear structure (abnormal cell morphology, hair cell lysis, and the absence of the organ of Corti), increased SOD2 promoter methylation, and an increase in the degree of apoptosis. Exposure to noise or kanamycin further contributed to the effects of D-galactose. SOD2 overexpression induced by viral injection accordingly counteracted the effects of noise and kanamycin and ameliorated the symptoms of hearing loss, suggesting the critical involvement of SOD2 in preventing deafness and hearing-related conditions. The PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways were also regulated by noise/kanamycin exposure and/or SOD2 overexpression, indicating that they may be involved in the therapeutic effect of SOD2 against age-related hearing loss.
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22
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Li Y, Wang W, Li A, Huang W, Chen S, Han F, Wang L. Dihydroartemisinin induces pyroptosis by promoting the AIM2/caspase-3/DFNA5 axis in breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 340:109434. [PMID: 33689708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex disease. Recent research has examined the anticancer effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism of the antitumour effect of DHA is unclear. METHODS MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were used for in vitro research. BALB/c nude mice were used to establish breast cancer xenografts. The mRNA and protein levels were analysed by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to examine cell apoptosis. ELISA kits were used to evaluate the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. LDH and ATP release were individually measured with the corresponding kits. A colony formation assay was used to examine the proliferation of breast cancer cells. RESULTS DHA inhibited proliferation and induced pyroptosis in breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, DHA activated the expression of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), caspase-3 and gasdermin E (DFNA5). In addition, AIM2 promoted DFNA5 expression by activating caspase-3. Knockdown of AIM2 and DFNA5 significantly enhanced breast cancer cell resistance to DHA. In vivo experiments showed that the tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells was significantly suppressed by DHA. Moreover, the AIM2/caspase-3/DFNA5 axis was activated by DHA and then induced pyroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that DHA inhibits tumorigenesis by inducing pyroptosis in breast cancer cells, highlighting a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast and Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast and Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Aixia Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast and Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Shiman Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast and Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Thyroid and Breast and Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Lingcheng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast and Vascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, PR China.
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23
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De Schutter E, Croes L, Ibrahim J, Pauwels P, Op de Beeck K, Vandenabeele P, Van Camp G. GSDME and its role in cancer: From behind the scenes to the front of the stage. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:2872-2883. [PMID: 33186472 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), a gene originally involved in hereditary hearing loss, has been associated with several types of cancer in the last two decades. Recently, GSDME was identified as a pore-forming molecule, which is activated following caspase-3-mediated cleavage resulting in so-called secondary necrosis following apoptotic cell death, or in primary necrotic cell death without an apoptotic phase, so-called pyroptosis-like. This implication in cell death execution suggests its potential role as a tumor suppressor. GSDME also exhibited a cancer type-specific differential methylation pattern between tumor tissues and normal cells, implying GSDME gene methylation as both a pan-cancer and cancer type-specific detection biomarker. A bit paradoxically, GSDME protein expression is considered to be less suited as biomarker, and although its ablation does not protect the cell against eventual cell death, its protein expression might still operate in tumor immunogenicity due to its capacity to induce (secondary) necrotic cell death, which has enhanced immunogenic properties. Additionally, GSDME gene expression has been shown to be associated with favorable prognosis following chemotherapy, and it could therefore be a potential predictive biomarker. We provide an overview of the different associations between GSDME gene methylation, gene expression and tumorigenesis, and explore their potential use in the clinic. Our review only focuses on GSDME and summarizes the current knowledge and most recent advances on GSDME's role in cancer formation, its potential as a biomarker in cancer and on its promising role in immunotherapies and antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke De Schutter
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieselot Croes
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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24
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Liu M, Li L, Dai T, Hou Y, Li W, Zhao Y, Fang Q, Yan C. Gasdermine E-Dependent Mitochondrial Pyroptotic Pathway in Dermatomyositis: A Possible Mechanism of Perifascicular Atrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:551-561. [PMID: 32296846 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathological basis of perifascicular atrophy (PFA), a pathognomonic histologic feature of dermatomyositis (DM); however, the detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. There is mitochondrial dysfunction in PFA and expression of mitochondrial apoptosis molecules has been reported in DM. Overexpression of gasdermin E (GSDME) can turn mitochondrial apoptosis to mitochondrial pyroptosis, a newly characterized form of programmed cell death. We determined the expression of proteins involved in the caspase-3- and GSDME-dependent mitochondrial pyroptotic pathway, including BAX, BAK, cytochrome C, caspase-9, caspase-3, GSDME, and IL-1α, in biopsied muscles from DM and control patients. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that those markers were expressed in most fibers in PFA in DM. GSDME-positive and IL-1α-positive staining was mainly localized around punched-out vacuoles or sarcolemma. These markers were significantly upregulated at the protein and mRNA levels in DM versus controls. Our results suggest that caspase-3- and GSDME-dependent mitochondrial pyroptosis are involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of PFA in DM and that targeting GSDME-dependent mitochondrial pyroptosis may be an effective therapeutic approach for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Liu
- From the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tingjun Dai
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong , China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong , China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong , China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong , China
| | - Qi Fang
- From the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Neurology and Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong , China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
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25
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Wu J, Ye J, Kong W, Zhang S, Zheng Y. Programmed cell death pathways in hearing loss: A review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12915. [PMID: 33047870 PMCID: PMC7653260 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD)—apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis—is any pathological form of cell death mediated by intracellular processes. Ototoxic drugs, ageing and noise exposure are some common pathogenic factors of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) that can induce the programmed death of auditory hair cells through different pathways, and eventually lead to the loss of hair cells. Furthermore, several mutations in apoptotic genes including DFNA5, DFNA51 and DFNB74 have been suggested to be responsible for the new functional classes of monogenic hearing loss (HL). Therefore, in this review, we elucidate the role of these three forms of PCD in different types of HL and discuss their guiding significance for HL treatment. We believe that further studies of PCD pathways are necessary to understand the pathogenesis of HL and guide scientists and clinicians to identify new drug targets for HL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weili Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shouyue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Chen X, Jia BL, Li MH, Lyu Y, Liu CX. Case Report: Novel Heterozygous DFNA5 Splicing Variant Responsible for Autosomal Dominant Non-syndromic Hearing Loss in a Chinese Family. Front Genet 2020; 11:569284. [PMID: 33110423 PMCID: PMC7489037 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.569284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL) has a broad phenotypic spectrum which includes bilateral, symmetrical, and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, that eventually progresses into hearing loss at all frequencies. Several genetic variations have been identified as causal factors underlying deafness, autosomal dominant 5 (DFNA5) gene-related hearing loss. Here, we report a novel mutation (c.991-1G > C) in DFNA5, which co-segregated with late-onset ADNSHL in a Chinese family and was identified via exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing of DNA from peripheral blood of the family members. Further sequencing of cDNA derived from peripheral blood mRNA revealed that the c.991-1G >C mutation led to the skipping of exon 8, which is a known pathogenic mechanism for DFNA5-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-Long Jia
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Liaoning Centre for Prenatal Diagnosis, Research Center of China Medical University Birth Cohort, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Hosseinzadeh A, Kamrava SK, Moore BCJ, Reiter RJ, Ghaznavi H, Kamali M, Mehrzadi S. Molecular Aspects of Melatonin Treatment in Tinnitus: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1112-1128. [PMID: 30892162 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190319162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a hearing disorder characterized by the perception of sound without external acoustic stimuli, which is caused by damage to the auditory system in response to excessive levels of noise, ototoxic agents and aging. Neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress and apoptosis play important roles in the pathogenesis of tinnitus. The expression of neural plasticity related to excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission leads to generation of abnormal sound in one's ears or head. Furthermore, hyperactivation and over-expression of NMDA receptors in response to excessive release of glutamate contribute to the calcium overload in the primary auditory neurons and subsequent cytotoxicity. Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species are endogenously produced by different type of cochlear cells under pathological conditions, which cause direct damage to the intracellular components and apoptotic cell death. Cochlear hair-cell death contributes to the progressive deafferentation of auditory neurons, which consequently leads to the aberrant activity in several parts of the auditory pathway. Therefore, targeting neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptosis and autophagy may ameliorate tinnitus. Melatonin is an endogenously produced indoleamine synchronizing circadian and circannual rhythms. Based on laboratory studies indicating the protective effect of melatonin against cochlear damage induced by acoustic trauma and ototoxic agents, and also clinical studies reporting the ability of melatonin to minimize the severity of tinnitus, melatonin is suggested to be a treatment option for the patient with tinnitus. Herein, we describe the ameliorative effect of melatonin on tinnitus, focusing on neural plasticity, oxidative/nitrosative stress, apoptotsis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brian C J Moore
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Kamali
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Cold atmospheric plasma induces GSDME-dependent pyroptotic signaling pathway via ROS generation in tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:295. [PMID: 32341339 PMCID: PMC7186223 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a novel promising anti-cancer treatment modality. Apoptosis and necrosis have been revealed in CAP-induced cell death, but whether CAP induces pyroptosis, another kind of programmed cell death is still unknown. In the present study, we first reported that CAP effectively induced pyroptosis in a dose-dependent manner in Gasdermin E (GSDME) high-expressed tumor cell lines. Interestingly, the basal level of GSDME protein was positively correlated with the sensitivity to CAP in three selected cancer cell lines, implying GSDME might be a potential biomarker of prognosis in the forthcoming cancer CAP treatment. Moreover, our study revealed that CAP-induced pyroptosis depended on the activation of mitochondrial pathways (JNK/cytochrome c/caspase-9/caspase-3) and the cleavage of GSDME but not Gasdermin D (GSDMD). ROS generation induced by CAP was identified to initiate the pyroptotic signaling. These results complemented our knowledge on CAP-induced cell death and provide a strategy to optimize the effect of CAP cancer treatment.
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29
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Rogers C, Alnemri ES. Gasdermins in Apoptosis: New players in an Old Game. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:603-617. [PMID: 31866776 PMCID: PMC6913812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD) that plays critical physiological roles in removing superfluous or dangerous cell populations that are unneeded or threatening to the health of the host organism. Although the molecular pathways leading to activation of the apoptotic program have been extensively studied and characterized starting in the 1970s, new evidence suggests that members of the gasdermin superfamily are novel pore-forming proteins that augment apoptosis by permeabilizing the mitochondria and participate in the final stages of the apoptotic program by inducing secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. These findings may explain outstanding questions in the field such as why certain gasdermin members sensitize cells to apoptosis, and why some apoptotic cells also show morphological features of necrosis. Furthermore, the interplay between the gasdermins and apoptosis may also explain why genetic and epigenetic alterations in these genes cause diseases and disorders like cancer and hearing loss. This review focuses on our current understanding of the function of several gasdermin superfamily members, their role in apoptosis, and how they may contribute to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emad S. Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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30
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Croes L, Fransen E, Hylebos M, Buys K, Hermans C, Broeckx G, Peeters M, Pauwels P, Op de Beeck K, Van Camp G. Determination of the Potential Tumor-Suppressive Effects of Gsdme in a Chemically Induced and in a Genetically Modified Intestinal Cancer Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081214. [PMID: 31434357 PMCID: PMC6721630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), also known as deafness autosomal dominant 5 (DFNA5) and previously identified to be an inducer of regulated cell death, is frequently epigenetically inactivated in different cancer types, suggesting that GSDME is a tumor suppressor gene. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the tumor-suppressive effects of GSDME in two intestinal cancer mouse models. To mimic the silencing of GSDME by methylation as observed in human cancers, a Gsdme knockout (KO) mouse was developed. The effect of GSDME on tumorigenesis was studied both in a chemically induced and in a genetic intestinal cancer mouse model, as strong evidence shows that GSDME plays a role in human colorectal cancer and representative mouse models for intestinal cancer are available. Azoxymethane (AOM) was used to induce colorectal tumors in the chemically induced intestinal cancer model (n = 100). For the genetic intestinal cancer model, Apc1638N/+ mice were used (n = 37). In both experiments, the number of mice bearing microscopic proliferative lesions, the number and type of lesions per mouse and the histopathological features of the adenocarcinomas were compared between Gsdme KO and wild type (WT) mice. Unfortunately, we found no major differences between Gsdme KO and WT mice, neither for the number of affected mice nor for the multiplicity of proliferative lesions in the mice. However, recent breakthroughs on gasdermin function indicate that GSDME is an executioner of necrotic cell death. Therefore, it is possible that GSDME may be important for creating an inflammatory microenvironment around the tumor. This is in line with the trend towards more severe inflammation in WT compared to Gsdme KO mice, that we observed in our study. We conclude that the effect of GSDME in tumor biology is probably more subtle than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Croes
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marieke Hylebos
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Buys
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Glenn Broeckx
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, Edegem, BE-2650 Antwerp, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, BE-2610 Antwerp, Belgium.
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31
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The deafness gene GSDME: its involvement in cell apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and cancers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1043-1048. [PMID: 31230091 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME), also called DFNA5, is a member of the gasdermin family. GSDME is involved in the regulation of apoptosis and necrosis. The N-terminal domain of GSDME displays an apoptosis-inducing activity while the C-terminal domain may serve as an apoptosis-inhibiting regulator by shielding the N-terminal domain. Besides its function in the regulation of apoptosis, GSDME was recently reported to be a substrate of caspase-3 and cleavage of GSDME by caspase-3 into necrotic N-terminal fragment leads to the induction of secondary necrosis. GSDME was first identified as a deafness gene because its mutation was associated with a specific form of autosomal dominant progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Furthermore, GSDME has been considered a tumor suppressor implicated in several types of cancer. This mini-review summarized recent reports relevant to the functions of GSDME in the regulation of apoptosis and necrosis as well as its clinical relevance.
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32
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Rogers C, Erkes DA, Nardone A, Aplin AE, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES. Gasdermin pores permeabilize mitochondria to augment caspase-3 activation during apoptosis and inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1689. [PMID: 30976076 PMCID: PMC6459836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME/DFNA5) cleavage by caspase-3 liberates the GSDME-N domain, which mediates pyroptosis by forming pores in the plasma membrane. Here we show that GSDME-N also permeabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, releasing cytochrome c and activating the apoptosome. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in response to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimuli are significantly reduced in GSDME-deficient cells comparing with wild type cells. GSDME deficiency also accelerates cell growth in culture and in a mouse model of melanoma. Phosphomimetic mutation of the highly conserved phosphorylatable Thr6 residue of GSDME, inhibits its pore-forming activity, thus uncovering a potential mechanism by which GSDME might be regulated. Like GSDME-N, inflammasome-generated gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), can also permeabilize the mitochondria linking inflammasome activation to downstream activation of the apoptosome. Collectively, our results point to a role of gasdermin proteins in targeting the mitochondria to promote cytochrome c release to augment the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Gasdermins mediate lytic cell death by forming pores in the plasma membrane. Here the authors show that gasdermins also permeabilize mitochondrial membrane, thereby facilitating intrinsic apoptosis pathway, downstream of apoptotic (Gasdermin E) and inflammatory (Gasdermin D) caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Dan A Erkes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alexandria Nardone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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33
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Kundu S, Ramshankar V, Verma AK, Thangaraj SV, Krishnamurthy A, Kumar R, Kannan R, Ghosh SK. Association of DFNA5, SYK, and NELL1 variants along with HPV infection in oral cancer among the prolonged tobacco-chewers. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318793023. [PMID: 30091681 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318793023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia, especially India, is well known for the highest use of smokeless tobacco. These products are known to induce oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, not all long-term tobacco-chewers develop oral squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, germline variants play a crucial role in susceptibility, prognosis, development, and progression of the disease. These prompted us to study the genetic susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma among the long-term tobacco-chewers. Here, we presented a retrospective study on prolonged tobacco-chewers of Northeast India to identify the potential protective or risk-associated germline variants in tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma along with HPV infection. Targeted re-sequencing (n = 60) of 170 genetic regions from 75 genes was carried out in Ion-PGM™ and validation (n = 116) of the observed variants was done using Sequenom iPLEX MassARRAY™ platform followed by polymerase chain reaction-based HPV genotyping and p16-immunohistochemistry study. Subsequently, estimation of population structure, different statistical and in silico approaches were undertaken. We identified one nonsense-mediated mRNA decay transcript variant in the DFNA5 region (rs2237306), associated with Benzo(a)pyrene, as a protective factor (odds ratio = 0.33; p = 0.009) and four harmful (odds ratio > 2.5; p < 0.05) intronic variants, rs182361, rs290974, and rs169724 in SYK and rs1670661 in NELL1 region, involved in genetic susceptibility to tobacco- and HPV-mediated oral oncogenesis. Among the oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, 12.6% (11/87) were HPV positive, out of which 45.5% (5/11) were HPV16-infected, 27.3% (3/11) were HPV18-infected, and 27.3% (3/11) had an infection of both subtypes. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis showed that the interactions among HPV and NELL1 variant rs1670661 with age and gender augmented the risk of both non-tobacco- and tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. These suggest that HPV infection may be one of the important risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma in this population. Finally, we newly report a DFNA5 variant probably conferring protection via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway against tobacco-related oral squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, the analytical approach used here can be useful in predicting the population-specific significant variants associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma in any heterogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbadeb Kundu
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajeev Kumar
- 5 Department of Molecular Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Silchar, India
| | - Ravi Kannan
- 5 Department of Molecular Oncology, Cachar Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Silchar, India
| | - Sankar Kumar Ghosh
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India.,6 University of Kalyani, Nadia, India
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Feng S, Fox D, Man SM. Mechanisms of Gasdermin Family Members in Inflammasome Signaling and Cell Death. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3068-3080. [PMID: 29990470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Gasdermin (GSDM) family consists of Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin B (GSDMB), Gasdermin C (GSDMC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), Gasdermin E (GSDME) and Pejvakin (PJVK). GSDMD is activated by inflammasome-associated inflammatory caspases. Cleavage of GSDMD by human or mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4, human caspase-5, and mouse caspase-11 liberates the N-terminal effector domain from the C-terminal inhibitory domain. The N-terminal domain oligomerizes in the cell membrane and forms a pore of 10-16 nm in diameter, through which substrates of a smaller diameter, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, are secreted. The increasing abundance of membrane pores ultimately leads to membrane rupture and pyroptosis, releasing the entire cellular content. Other than GSDMD, the N-terminal domain of all GSDMs, with the exception of PJVK, have the ability to form pores. There is evidence to suggest that GSDMB and GSDME are cleaved by apoptotic caspases. Here, we review the mechanistic functions of GSDM proteins with respect to their expression and signaling profile in the cell, with more focused discussions on inflammasome activation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouya Feng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel Fox
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Wang H, Guan J, Guan L, Yang J, Wu K, Lin Q, Xiong W, Lan L, Zhao C, Xie L, Yu L, Dan Bing, Zhao L, Wang D, Wang Q. Further evidence for "gain-of-function" mechanism of DFNA5 related hearing loss. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8424. [PMID: 29849037 PMCID: PMC5976723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To report two DFNA5 pathogenic splice-site variations and a novel benign frameshift variation to further support the gain-of-function mechanism of DFNA5 related hearing impairment, targeted genes capture and next generation sequencing were performed on selected members from Family 1007208, 1007081 and a sporadic case with sensorineural hearing loss. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was conducted on the proband from Family 1007208 to test how the splice-site variation affects the transcription in RNA level. A novel heterozygous splice-site variation c.991-3 C > A in DFNA5 was found in Family 1007208; a known hotspot heterozygous splice-site variation c.991-15_991_13delTTC was identified in Family 1007081. Both the splice-site variations were segregated with the late onset hearing loss phenotype, leading to the skipping of exon 8 at RNA level. In addition, a novel DFNA5 frameshift variation c.116_119delAAAA was found in the sporadic case, but was not segregated with the hearing impairment phenotype. In conclusion, we identified one novel and one known pathogenic DFNA5 splice-site variation in two Chinese Families, as well as a novel DFNA5 frameshift variation c.116_119delAAAA in a sporadic case, which does not the cause for the hearing loss case. Both the two pathogenic splice-site variations and the nonpathogenic frameshift variation provide further support for the specific gain-of-function mechanism of DFNA5 related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Wang
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | | | - Ju Yang
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | | | - Wenping Xiong
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Cui Zhao
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Linyi Xie
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lan Yu
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dan Bing
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lidong Zhao
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Qiuju Wang
- Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Croes L, Beyens M, Fransen E, Ibrahim J, Vanden Berghe W, Suls A, Peeters M, Pauwels P, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. Large-scale analysis of DFNA5 methylation reveals its potential as biomarker for breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:51. [PMID: 29682089 PMCID: PMC5896072 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women worldwide. Biomarkers for early detection and prognosis of these patients are needed. We hypothesized that deafness, autosomal dominant 5 (DFNA5) may be a valuable biomarker, based upon strong indications for its role as tumor suppressor gene and its function in regulated cell death. In this study, we aimed to analyze DFNA5 methylation and expression in the largest breast cancer cohort to date using publicly available data from TCGA, in order to further unravel the role of DFNA5 as detection and/or prognostic marker in breast cancer. We analyzed Infinium HumanMethylation450k data, covering 22 different CpGs in the DFNA5 gene (668 breast adenocarcinomas and 85 normal breast samples) and DFNA5 expression (Agilent 244K Custom Gene Expression: 476 breast adenocarcinomas and 56 normal breast samples; RNA-sequencing: 666 breast adenocarcinomas and 71 normal breast samples). Results DFNA5 methylation and expression were significantly different between breast cancer and normal breast samples. Overall, breast cancer samples showed higher DFNA5 methylation in the putative gene promoter compared to normal breast samples, whereas in the gene body and upstream of the putative gene promoter, the opposite is true. Furthermore, DFNA5 methylation, in 10 out of 22 CpGs, and expression were significantly higher in lobular compared to ductal breast cancers. An important result of this study was the identification of a combination of one CpG in the gene promoter (CpG07504598) and one CpG in the gene body (CpG12922093) of DFNA5, which was able to discriminate between breast cancer and normal breast samples (AUC = 0.93). This model was externally validated in three independent datasets. Moreover, we showed that estrogen receptor state is associated with DFNA5 methylation and expression. Finally, we were able to find a significant effect of DFNA5 gene body methylation on a 5-year overall survival time. Conclusions We conclude that DFNA5 methylation shows strong potential as detection and prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Croes
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Matthias Beyens
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,3StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- 4Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Arvid Suls
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43/6, BE-2650 Edegem, Antwerp Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp Belgium
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Croes L, de Beeck KO, Pauwels P, Vanden Berghe W, Peeters M, Fransen E, Van Camp G. DFNA5 promoter methylation a marker for breast tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31948-31958. [PMID: 28404884 PMCID: PMC5458261 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of methylation markers that are sensitive and specific for breast cancer may improve early detection. We hypothesize that DFNA5 promoter methylation can be a valuable epigenetic biomarker, based upon strong indications for its role as tumor suppressor gene and its function in regulated cell death. Results Statistically different levels of methylation were seen, with always very low levels in healthy breast reduction samples, very high levels in part of the adenocarcinoma samples and slightly increased levels in part of the normal tissue samples adjacent the tumor. One of the CpGs (CpG4) showed the best differentiation. A ROC curve for DFNA5 CpG4 methylation showed a sensitivity of 61.8% for the detection of breast cancer with a specificity of 100%. Materials and Methods We performed methylation analysis on four CpGs in the DFNA5 promoter region by bisulfite pyrosequencing on 123 primary breast adenocarcinomas and 24 healthy breast reductions. For 16 primary tumors, corresponding histological normal tissue adjacent to the tumor was available. Conclusions We conclude that DFNA5 methylation shows strong potential as a biomarker for detection of breast cancer. Slightly increased methylation in histologically normal breast tissue surrounding the tumor suggests that it may be a good early detection marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Croes
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Antwerp B-2610, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium.,StatUa Center for Statistics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp B-2000, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem B-2650, Belgium
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Booth KT, Azaiez H, Kahrizi K, Wang D, Zhang Y, Frees K, Nishimura C, Najmabadi H, Smith RJ. Exonic mutations and exon skipping: Lessons learned from DFNA5. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:433-440. [PMID: 29266521 PMCID: PMC5805621 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of splicing is a common factor underlying many inherited diseases including deafness. For one deafness-associated gene, DFNA5, perturbation of exon 8 splicing results in a constitutively active truncated protein. To date, only intronic mutations have been reported to cause exon 8 skipping in patients with DFNA5-related deafness. In five families with postlingual progressive autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss, we employed two next-generation sequencing platforms-OtoSCOPE and whole exome sequencing-followed by variant filtering and prioritization based on both minor allele frequency and functional consequence using a customized bioinformatics pipeline to identify three novel and two recurrent mutations in DFNA5 that segregated with hearing loss in these families. The three novel mutations are all missense variants within exon 8 that are predicted computationally to decrease splicing efficiency or abolish it completely. We confirmed their functional impact in vitro using mini-genes carrying each mutant DFNA5 exon 8. In so doing, we present the first exonic mutations in DFNA5 to cause deafness, expand the mutational spectrum of DFNA5-related hearing loss, and highlight the importance of assessing the effect of coding variants on splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Booth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hela Azaiez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kathy Frees
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Carla Nishimura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Richard J Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Molecular Otolaryngology Renal Research Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Fuchslocher Chico J, Saggau C, Adam D. Proteolytic control of regulated necrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2147-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Noonan Syndrome: An Underestimated Cause of Severe to Profound Sensorineural Hearing Impairment. Which Clues to Suspect the Diagnosis? Otol Neurotol 2017; 38:1081-1084. [PMID: 28742629 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight Noonan syndrome as a clinically recognizable cause of severe to profound sensorineural hearing impairment. STUDY DESIGN New clinical cases and review. SETTING Patients evaluated for etiological diagnosis by a medical geneticist in a reference center for hearing impairment. PATIENTS Five patients presenting with confirmed Noonan syndrome and profound sensorineural hearing impairment. INTERVENTIONS Diagnostic and review of the literature. RESULTS Five patients presented with profound sensorineural hearing impairment and molecularly confirmed Noonan syndrome. Sensorineural hearing impairment has been progressive for three patients. Cardiac echography identified pulmonary stenosis in two patients and was normal for the three other patients. Short stature was found in two patients. Mild intellectual disability was found in one patient. Inconspicuous clinical features as facial dysmorphism, cryptorchidism, or easy bruising were of peculiar interest to reach the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome. CONCLUSION Profound sensorineural hearing impairment can be the main feature of Noonan syndrome. Associated features are highly variable; thus, detailed medical history and careful physical examination are mandatory to consider the diagnosis in case of a sensorineural hearing impairment.
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Vona B, Nanda I, Shehata-Dieler W, Haaf T. Genetics of Tinnitus: Still in its Infancy. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:236. [PMID: 28533738 PMCID: PMC5421307 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is the perception of a phantom sound that affects between 10 and 15% of the general population. Despite this considerable prevalence, treatments for tinnitus are presently lacking. Tinnitus exhibits a diverse array of recognized risk factors and extreme clinical heterogeneity. Furthermore, it can involve an unknown number of auditory and non-auditory networks and molecular pathways. This complex combination has hampered advancements in the field. The identification of specific genetic factors has been at the forefront of several research investigations in the past decade. Nine studies have examined genes in a case-control association approach. Recently, a genome-wide association study has highlighted several potentially significant pathways that are implicated in tinnitus. Two twin studies have calculated a moderate heritability for tinnitus and disclosed a greater concordance rate in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. Despite the more recent data alluding to genetic factors in tinnitus, a strong association with any specific genetic locus is lacking and a genetic study with sufficient statistical power has yet to be designed. Future research endeavors must overcome the many inherent limitations in previous study designs. This review summarizes the previously embarked upon tinnitus genetic investigations and summarizes the hurdles that have been encountered. The identification of candidate genes responsible for tinnitus may afford gene based diagnostic approaches, effective therapy development, and personalized therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Indrajit Nanda
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Wafaa Shehata-Dieler
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Comprehensive Hearing Center, University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
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'Hints' in the killer protein gasdermin D: unveiling the secrets of gasdermins driving cell death. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:588-596. [PMID: 28362726 PMCID: PMC5384029 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death distinguished from apoptosis, ferroptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, NETosis, oncosis, pyronecrosis and autophagy. Proinflammatory caspases cleave a gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein to generate a 31 kDa N-terminal domain. The cleavage relieves the intramolecular inhibition on the gasdermin-N domain, which then moves to the plasma membrane to exhibit pore-forming activity. Thus, GSDMD acts as the final and direct executor of pyroptotic cell death. Owing to the selective targeting of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with the pore-forming that determines pyroptotic cell death, GSDMD could be a potential target to control cell death or extracellular bacterial infections. Intriguingly, other gasdermin family members also share similar N-terminal domains, but they present different cell death programs. Herein, we summarize features and functions of the novel player proteins in cell death, including GSDMD triggering pyroptosis, Gsdma3/GSDMA initiating autophagy/apoptosis and DFNA5 inducing apoptosis/secondary necrosis. The gasdermin N terminus appears to be a novel pore-forming protein. This provides novel insight into the underlying roles and mechanisms of lytic or nonlytic forms of programmed cell death, as well as their potential applications in inflammation-associated diseases.
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Gilles A, Van Camp G, Van de Heyning P, Fransen E. A Pilot Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in Tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:71. [PMID: 28303087 PMCID: PMC5332393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus, the perception of an auditory phantom sound in the form of ringing, buzzing, roaring, or hissing in the absence of an external sound source, is perceived by ~15% of the population and 2.5% experiences a severely bothersome tinnitus. The contribution of genes on the development of tinnitus is still under debate. The current manuscript reports a pilot Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) into tinnitus, in a small cohort of 167 independent tinnitus subjects, and 749 non-tinnitus controls, who were collected as part of a cross-sectional study. After genotyping, imputation, and quality checking, the association between the tinnitus phenotype and 4,000,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was tested followed by gene set enrichment analysis. None of the SNPs reached the threshold for genome-wide significance (p < 5.0e–8), with the most significant SNPs, situated outside coding genes, reaching a p-value of 3.4e–7. By using the Genetic Analysis of Complex Traits (GACT) software, the percentage of the variance explained by all SNPs in the GWAS was estimated to be 3.2%, indicating that additive genetic effects explain only a small fraction of the tinnitus phenotype. Despite the lack of genome-wide significant SNPs, which is, at least in part, due to the limited sample size of the current study, evidence was found for a genetic involvement in tinnitus. Gene set enrichment analysis showed several metabolic pathways to be significantly enriched with SNPs having a low p-value in the GWAS. These pathways are involved in oxidative stress, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress, and serotonin reception mediated signaling. These results are a promising basis for further research into the genetic basis of tinnitus, including GWAS with larger sample sizes and considering tinnitus subtypes for which a greater genetic contribution is more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Gilles
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium; University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University HospitalEdegem, Belgium; Department of Human and Social Welfare, University College GhentGhent, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center for Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium; University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University HospitalEdegem, Belgium
| | - Erik Fransen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium; StatUa Center for Statistics, University of AntwerpAntwerp, Belgium
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Aglietti RA, Dueber EC. Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pyroptosis and Gasdermin Family Functions. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:261-271. [PMID: 28196749 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that not only protects multicellular organisms from invading pathogenic bacteria and microbial infections, but can also lead to sepsis and lethal septic shock if overactivated. Here, we present an overview of recent developments within the pyroptosis field, beginning with the discovery of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) as a substrate of caspase-1 and caspase-11 upon detection of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cleavage releases the N-terminal domain of GSDMD, causing it to form cytotoxic pores in the plasma membrane of cells. We further discuss the implications for the rest of the gasdermin (GSDM) family, which are emerging as mediators of programmed cell death in a variety of processes that regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Aglietti
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Erin C Dueber
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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45
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Pore-forming activity and structural autoinhibition of the gasdermin family. Nature 2016; 535:111-6. [PMID: 27281216 DOI: 10.1038/nature18590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1723] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory caspases cleave the gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein to trigger pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death that is crucial for immune defences and diseases. GSDMD contains a functionally important gasdermin-N domain that is shared in the gasdermin family. The functional mechanism of action of gasdermin proteins is unknown. Here we show that the gasdermin-N domains of the gasdermin proteins GSDMD, GSDMA3 and GSDMA can bind membrane lipids, phosphoinositides and cardiolipin, and exhibit membrane-disrupting cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and artificially transformed bacteria. Gasdermin-N moved to the plasma membrane during pyroptosis. Purified gasdermin-N efficiently lysed phosphoinositide/cardiolipin-containing liposomes and formed pores on membranes made of artificial or natural phospholipid mixtures. Most gasdermin pores had an inner diameter of 10–14 nm and contained 16 symmetric protomers. The crystal structure of GSDMA3 showed an autoinhibited two-domain architecture that is conserved in the gasdermin family. Structure-guided mutagenesis demonstrated that the liposome-leakage and pore-forming activities of the gasdermin-N domain are required for pyroptosis. These findings reveal the mechanism for pyroptosis and provide insights into the roles of the gasdermin family in necrosis, immunity and diseases.
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46
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Falcone C, Mazzoni C. External and internal triggers of cell death in yeast. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2237-50. [PMID: 27048816 PMCID: PMC4887522 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2197-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, yeast was confirmed as a useful eukaryotic model system to decipher the complex mechanisms and networks occurring in higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammalian cells, in physiological as well in pathological conditions. This article focuses attention on the contribution of yeast in the study of a very complex scenario, because of the number and interconnection of pathways, represented by cell death. Yeast, although it is a unicellular organism, possesses the basal machinery of different kinds of cell death occurring in higher eukaryotes, i.e., apoptosis, regulated necrosis and autophagy. Here we report the current knowledge concerning the yeast orthologs of main mammalian cell death regulators and executors, the role of organelles and compartments, and the cellular phenotypes observed in the different forms of cell death in response to external and internal triggers. Thanks to the ease of genetic manipulation of this microorganism, yeast strains expressing human genes that promote or counteract cell death, onset of tumors and neurodegenerative diseases have been constructed. The effects on yeast cells of some of these genes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Falcone
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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47
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Croes L, Op de Beeck K, Van Camp G. Role of DFNA5 in hearing loss and cancer - a comment on Rakusic et al. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:2613-5. [PMID: 26457054 PMCID: PMC4592022 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s91168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot Croes
- Center of Medical Genetics (CMG), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics (CMG), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Department of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics (CMG), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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