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Michinaga S, Hishinuma S, Koyama Y. Roles of astrocytic sonic hedgehog production and its signal for regulation of the blood-brain barrier permeability. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:97-111. [PMID: 39029978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted glycopeptide belonging to the hedgehog family that is essential for morphogenesis during embryonic development. The Shh signal is mediated by two membrane proteins, Patched-1 (Ptch-1) and Smoothened (Smo), following the activation of transcription factors such as Gli. Shh decreases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and plays a key role in its function. In the damaged brain, BBB function is remarkably disrupted. The BBB disruption causes brain edema and neuroinflammation resulting from the extravasation of serum components and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the cerebral parenchyma. Multiple studies have suggested that astrocyte is a source of Shh and that astrocytic Shh production is increased in the damaged brain. In various experimental animal models of acute brain injury, Shh or Shh signal activators alleviate BBB disruption by increasing tight junction proteins in endothelial cells. Furthermore, activation of astrocytic Shh signaling reduces reactive astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, and increases the production of vascular protective factors, which alleviates BBB disruption in the damaged brain. These findings suggest that astrocytic Shh and Shh signaling protect BBB function in the damaged brain and that target drugs for Shh signaling are expected to be novel therapeutic drugs for acute brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Michinaga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.
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2
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Gupta R, Mehan S, Chhabra S, Giri A, Sherawat K. Role of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Activation in the Prevention of Neurological Abnormalities Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1718-1738. [PMID: 36272053 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The smoothened sonic hedgehog (Smo-Shh) pathway is one mechanism that influences neurogenesis, including brain cell differentiation and development during childhood. Shh signaling dysregulation leads to decreased target gene transcription, which contributes to increased neuronal excitation, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration, eventually leading to neurological deficits. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as OCD and related neurological dysfunctions are characterized by neurotransmitter imbalance, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired neurogenesis, disturbing the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) link neuronal network. Despite the availability of several treatments, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, some individuals may not benefit much from them. Several trials on the use of antipsychotics in the treatment of OCD have also produced inadequate findings. This evidence-based review focuses on a potential pharmacological approach to alleviating OCD and associated neuronal deficits by preventing neurochemical alterations, in which sonic hedgehog activators are neuroprotective, lowering neuronal damage while increasing neuronal maintenance and survival. As a result, stimulating SMO-Shh via its potential activators may have neuroprotective effects on neurological impairment associated with OCD. This review investigates the link between SMO-Shh signaling and the neurochemical abnormalities associated with the progression of OCD and associated neurological dysfunctions. Role of Smo-Shh signaling in serotonergic neurogenesis and in maintaining their neuronal identity. The Shh ligand activates two main transcriptional factors known as Foxa2 and Nkx2.2, which again activates another transcriptional factor, GATA (GATA2 and GATA3), in post mitotic precursor cells of serotonergic neurons-following increased expression of Pet-1 and Lmx1b after GATA regulates the expression of many serotonergic enzymes such as TPH2, SERT, VMAT, slc6a4, Htr1a, Htr1b (Serotonin receptor enzymes), and MAO that regulate and control the release of serotonin and maintain their neuronal identity after their maturation. Abbreviation: Foxa2: Forkhead box; GATA: Globin transcription factor; Lmx1b: LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta; TPH2: Tryptophan hydroxylase 2; Htr1a: Serotonin receptor 1a; Htr1b: Serotonin receptor 1b; SERT: Serotonin transporter; VMAT: Vesicular monoamine transporter; MAO: Monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Gupta
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Aditi Giri
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Kajal Sherawat
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Qi Y, Yang C, Zhao H, Deng Z, Xu J, Liang W, Sun Z, Nieland JDV. Neuroprotective Effect of Sonic Hedgehog Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Model Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6971-6982. [PMID: 36056982 PMCID: PMC9525365 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is related to the progression of various tumors and nervous system diseases. Still, its specific role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), remains studied. This research investigates the role of SHH and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway proteins on ALS development in a SOD1-G93A transgenic mouse model. After injection of SHH and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitors or agonists in hSOD1-G93A (9 weeks of age) transgenic mice, we studied skeletal muscle pathology using immunohistochemical staining and Western blot methods. In addition, recorded data on rotation time, weight, and survival were analyzed for these mice. Our study showed that the expression of SHH, Gli-1 and p-AKT in ALS mice decreased with the progression of the disease. The expression of p-AKT changed together with Gli-1 while injecting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor or agonist; SHH and Gli-1 protein expression remained unchanged; p-AKT protein expression significantly decreased while injecting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibitor. These results indicate that SHH has a regulatory effect on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In behavioral experiments, we found that the survival time of hSOD1-G93A mice was prolonged by injection of SHH agonist while shortened by injection of SHH inhibitor. In conclusion, we confirmed that the SHH pathway played a neuroprotective role in ALS by mediating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhanjin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Zhitang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
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4
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Zhang YY, Yao M, Zhu K, Xue RR, Xu JH, Cui XJ, Mo W. Neurological recovery and antioxidant effect of erythropoietin for spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:925696. [PMID: 35928137 PMCID: PMC9343731 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.925696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo critically evaluate the neurological recovery effects and antioxidant effects of erythropoietin (EPO) in rat models of spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were searched for animal experiments applying EPO to treat SCI to January 2022. We included studies which examined neurological function by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale, as well as cavity area and spared area, and determining the molecular-biological analysis of antioxidative effects by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in spinal cord tissues. Meta-analysis were performed with Review Manager 5.4 software.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included in this review. The results of the meta-analysis showed that SCI rats receiving EPO therapy showed a significant locomotor function recovery after 14 days compared with control, then the superiority of EPO therapy maintained to 28 days from BBB scale. Compared with the control group, the cavity area was reduced [4 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = −16.65, 95% CI (−30.74 to −2.55), P = 0.02] and spared area was increased [3 studies, WMD =11.53, 95% CI (1.34 to 21.72), P = 0.03] by EPO. Meanwhile, MDA levels [2 studies, WMD = −0.63 (−1.09 to −0.18), P = 0.007] were improved in the EPO treatment group compared with control, which indicated its antioxidant effect. The subgroup analysis recommended 5,000 UI/kg is the most effective dose [WMD = 4.05 (2.23, 5.88), P < 0.0001], although its effect was not statistically different from that of 1,000 UI/kg. Meanwhile, the different rat strains (Sprague-Dawley vs. Wistar), and models of animals, as well as administration method (single or multiple administration) of EPO did not affect the neuroprotective effect of EPO for SCI.ConclusionsThis systematic review indicated that EPO can promote the recovery of the locomotor function of SCI rats. The mechanism exploration of EPO needs to be verified by experiments, and then carefully designed randomized controlled trials are needed to explore its neural recovery effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-yun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Disease Institute, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Disease Institute, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-rui Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-hai Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-jun Cui
| | - Xue-jun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Disease Institute, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Jin-hai Xu
| | - Wen Mo
- Department of Orthopaedics, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wen Mo
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Burton DF, Boa-Amponsem OM, Dixon MS, Hopkins MJ, Herbin TA, Toney S, Tarpley M, Rodriguez BV, Fish EW, Parnell SE, Cole GJ, Williams KP. Pharmacological activation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway with a Smoothened small molecule agonist ameliorates the severity of alcohol-induced morphological and behavioral birth defects in a zebrafish model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1585-1601. [PMID: 35014067 PMCID: PMC9271529 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol exposure during the early stages of embryonic development can lead to a range of morphological and behavioral differences termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). In a zebrafish model, we have shown that acute ethanol exposure at 8-10 hr postfertilization (hpf), a critical time of development, produces birth defects similar to those clinically characterized in FASD. Dysregulation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway has been implicated as a molecular basis for many of the birth defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. We observed in zebrafish embryos that shh expression was significantly decreased by ethanol exposure at 8-10 hpf, while smo expression was much less affected. Treatment of zebrafish embryos with SAG or purmorphamine, small molecule Smoothened agonists that activate Shh signaling, ameliorated the severity of ethanol-induced developmental malformations including altered eye size and midline brain development. Furthermore, this rescue effect of Smo activation was dose dependent and occurred primarily when treatment was given after ethanol exposure. Markers of Shh signaling (gli1/2) and eye development (pax6a) were restored in embryos treated with SAG post-ethanol exposure. Since embryonic ethanol exposure has been shown to produce later-life neurobehavioral impairments, juvenile zebrafish were examined in the novel tank diving test. Our results further demonstrated that in zebrafish embryos exposed to ethanol, SAG treatment was able to mitigate long-term neurodevelopmental impairments related to anxiety and risk-taking behavior. Our results indicate that pharmacological activation of the Shh pathway at specific developmental timing markedly diminishes the severity of alcohol-induced birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek F Burton
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oswald M Boa-Amponsem
- Integrated Biosciences PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria S Dixon
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Te-Andre Herbin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shiquita Toney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Tarpley
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blanca V Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric W Fish
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott E Parnell
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory J Cole
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin P Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Lin F, Li R, Tu WJ, Chen Y, Wang K, Chen X, Zhao J. An Update on Antioxidative Stress Therapy Research for Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:772036. [PMID: 34938172 PMCID: PMC8686680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.772036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reasons for disability and death in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) may be early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Despite studies reporting and progressing when DCI is well-treated clinically, the prognosis is not well-improved. According to the present situation, we regard EBI as the main target of future studies, and one of the key phenotype-oxidative stresses may be called for attention in EBI after laboratory subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We summarized the research progress and updated the literature that has been published about the relationship between experimental and clinical SAH-induced EBI and oxidative stress (OS) in PubMed from January 2016 to June 2021. Many signaling pathways are related to the mechanism of OS in EBI after SAH. Several antioxidative stress drugs were studied and showed a protective response against EBI after SAH. The systematical study of antioxidative stress in EBI after laboratory and clinical SAH may supply us with new therapies about SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Runting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The General Office of Stroke Prevention Project Committee, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Prophylactic Activation of Shh Signaling Attenuates TBI-Induced Seizures in Zebrafish by Modulating Glutamate Excitotoxicity through Eaat2a. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010032. [PMID: 35052712 PMCID: PMC8773121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 2 million individuals experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. Secondary injury begins within minutes after TBI, with alterations in cellular function and chemical signaling that contribute to excitotoxicity. Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are experienced in an increasing number of TBI individuals that also display resistance to traditional anti-seizure medications (ASMs). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a signaling pathway that is upregulated following central nervous system damage in zebrafish and aids injury-induced regeneration. Using a modified Marmarou weight drop on adult zebrafish, we examined PTS following TBI and Shh modulation. We found that inhibiting Shh signaling by cyclopamine significantly increased PTS in TBI fish, prolonged the timeframe PTS was observed, and decreased survival across all TBI severities. Shh-inhibited TBI fish failed to respond to traditional ASMs, but were attenuated when treated with CNQX, which blocks ionotropic glutamate receptors. We found that the Smoothened agonist, purmorphamine, increased Eaat2a expression in undamaged brains compared to untreated controls, and purmorphamine treatment reduced glutamate excitotoxicity following TBI. Similarly, purmorphamine reduced PTS, edema, and cognitive deficits in TBI fish, while these pathologies were increased and/or prolonged in cyclopamine-treated TBI fish. However, the increased severity of TBI phenotypes with cyclopamine was reduced by cotreating fish with ceftriaxone, which induces Eaat2a expression. Collectively, these data suggest that Shh signaling induces Eaat2a expression and plays a role in regulating TBI-induced glutamate excitotoxicity and TBI sequelae.
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Nguyen V, Chavali M, Larpthaveesarp A, Kodali S, Gonzalez G, Franklin RJM, Rowitch DH, Gonzalez F. Neuroprotective effects of Sonic hedgehog agonist SAG in a rat model of neonatal stroke. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:1161-1170. [PMID: 33654279 PMCID: PMC8410885 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal stroke affects 1 in 2800 live births and is a major cause of neurological injury. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is critical for central nervous system (CNS) development and has neuroprotective and reparative effects in different CNS injury models. Previous studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of small molecule Shh-Smoothened agonist (SAG) against neonatal cerebellar injury and it improves Down syndrome-related brain structural deficits in mice. Here we investigated SAG neuroprotection in rat models of neonatal ischemia-reperfusion (stroke) and adult focal white matter injury. METHODS We used transient middle cerebral artery occlusion at P10 and ethidium bromide (EB) injection in adult rats to induce damage. Following surgery and SAG or vehicle treatment, we analyzed tissue loss, cell proliferation and fate, and behavioral outcome. RESULTS We report that a single dose of SAG administered following neonatal stroke preserved brain volume, reduced gliosis, enhanced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and EC proliferation, and resulted in long-term cognitive improvement. Single-dose SAG also promoted proliferation of OPCs following focal demyelination in the adult rat. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate benefit of one-time SAG treatment post insult in reducing brain injury and improving behavioral outcome after experimental neonatal stroke. IMPACT A one-time dose of small molecule Sonic hedgehog agonist protected against neonatal stroke and improved long-term behavioral outcomes in a rat model. This study extends the use of Sonic hedgehog in treating developing brain injury, previously shown in animal models of Down syndrome and cerebellar injury. Sonic hedgehog agonist is one of the most promising therapies in treating neonatal stroke thanks to its safety profile and low dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edyth Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Manideep Chavali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edyth Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amara Larpthaveesarp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srikirti Kodali
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ginez Gonzalez
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David H Rowitch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edyth Broad Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Rahi S, Gupta R, Sharma A, Mehan S. Smo-Shh signaling activator purmorphamine ameliorates neurobehavioral, molecular, and morphological alterations in an intracerebroventricular propionic acid-induced experimental model of autism. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1880-1898. [PMID: 33906504 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211013456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disease characterized by cognitive and sensorimotor impairment. Numerous research findings have consistently shown that alteration of Smo-Shh (smoothened-sonic hedgehog) signaling during the developmental process plays a significant role in ASD and triggers neuronal changes by promoting neuroinflammation and apoptotic markers. Purmorphamine (PUR), a small purine-derived agonist of the Smo-Shh pathway, shows resistance to hippocampal neuronal cell oxidation and decreases neuronal cell death. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective potential of PUR in brain intoxication induced by intracerebroventricular-propionic acid (ICV-PPA) in rats, with a focus on its effect on Smo-Shh regulation in the brain of rats. In addition, we analyze the impact of PUR on myelin basic protein (MBP) and apoptotic markers such as Caspase-3, Bax (pro-apoptotic), and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) in rat brain homogenates. Chronic ICV-PPA infusion was administered consecutively for 11 days to induce autism in rats. In order to investigate behavioral alterations, rats were tested for spatial learning in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), locomotive alterations using actophotometer, and beam crossing task, while Forced Swimming Test (FST) for depressive behavior. PUR treatment with 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (i.p.) was administered from day 12 to 44. Besides cellular, molecular and neuroinflammatory analyses, neurotransmitter levels and oxidative markers have also been studied in brain homogenates. The results of this study have shown that PUR increases the level of Smo-Shh and restores the neurochemical levels, and potentially prevents morphological changes, including demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - R Gupta
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - A Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - S Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, 75126ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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10
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Xing G, Zhao T, Zhang X, Li H, Li X, Cui P, Li M, Li D, Zhang N, Jiang W. Astrocytic Sonic Hedgehog Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Brain Injury via Modulation of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:575690. [PMID: 33343302 PMCID: PMC7747855 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.575690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a fatal subtype of stroke that lacks effective therapy. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage is a hallmark of ICH-induced brain injury that leads to edema formation, leukocytes infiltration, influx of blood components into the perihematomal (PHE) region, and eventually brain injury. Astrocytes are essential for the formation and maintenance of the BBB by providing secreted molecules that contribute to the association between these cells. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) derived from astrocytes promotes the maturity and integrity of the BBB by upregulating tight junctions (TJs) in brain capillary endothelial cells (ECs). However, the effect of SHH on BBB in ICH has not been investigated. Methods: Cyclopamine (CYC) is a potent, selective inhibitor that specifically blocks the SHH signaling pathway. Here, we used pharmacological inhibitions (CYC and its derivatives) to determine a critical role of the SHH signaling pathway in promoting BBB integrity after ICH by mechanisms of regulating the TJ proteins in vivo and in vitro. Results: The expression of astrocytic SHH was upregulated in mouse brains after ICH. Compared with the vehicle-treated group, inhibition of the SHH signaling pathway with CYC and its derivatives treatments aggravated neurological function deficits, brain edema, hematoma volume, and BBB impairment by downregulating TJs in ECs through the SHH-Gli-1 axis in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: SHH signaling pathway at the level of the BBB provides a barrier-promoting effect, suggesting that the SHH signaling pathway may function as a potential therapeutic target for restoring BBB function in ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebeili Xing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Tianman Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuping Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daojing Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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11
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Neuroprotective Effects of the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Injury through Promotion of Synaptic and Neuronal Health. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8815195. [PMID: 32802036 PMCID: PMC7416279 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common cerebrovascular condition which often induces neuronal apoptosis, leading to brain damage. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in ischemic stroke, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrated that expressions of Shh, Ptch, and Gli-1 were significantly downregulated at 24 h following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury in neurons in vitro, effects which were associated with increasing numbers of apoptotic cells and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, expressions of synaptic proteins (neuroligin and neurexin) were significantly downregulated at 8 h following OGD, also associated with concomitant neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with purmorphamine, a Shh agonist, increased Gli-1 in the nucleus of neurons and protected against OGD injury, whereas the Shh inhibitor, cyclopamine, produced the opposite effects. Activation of Shh signals promoted CREB and Akt phosphorylation; upregulated the expressions of BDNF, neuroligin, and neurexin; and decreased NF-κB phosphorylation following OGD. Notably, this activation of Shh signals was accompanied by improved neurobehavioral responses along with attenuations in edema and apoptosis at 48 h postischemic insult in rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate that activation of the Shh signaling pathway played a neuroprotective role in response to ischemic exposure via promotion of synaptic and neuronal health.
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12
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Liao Z, Liu Q, Lei X, Li M, Saijilafu, Zhang Z, Hong D, Zhu M, Li B, Yang H, Chen J. Genetic and pharmacological activation of Hedgehog signaling inhibits osteoclastogenesis and attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Theranostics 2020; 10:6638-6660. [PMID: 32550895 PMCID: PMC7295048 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is a common long-term complication of total joint arthroplasty, and represents the major cause of aseptic loosening and subsequent implant failure. Previous studies have identified the central role of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in the pathogenesis of PPO. Thus, therapeutic approaches of inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity are considered to be of great potential to prevent and treat this osteolytic disease. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to play an important role in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. While Hh signaling is also implicated in regulating osteoclastogenesis, whether it can directly inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption remains controversial. Moreover, its potential therapeutic effects on PPO have never been assessed. In this study, we explored the cell-autonomous role of Hh signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential in preventing wear particle-induced osteolysis. Methods: Hh signaling was activated in macrophages by genetically ablating Sufu in these cells using LysM-Cre or by treating them with purmorphamine (PM), a pharmacological activator of Smoothened (Smo). In vitro cell-autonomous effects of Hh pathway activation on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity were evaluated by TRAP staining, phalloidin staining, qPCR analyses, and bone resorption assays. In vivo evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy against PPO was performed in a murine calvarial model of titanium particle-induced osteolysis by μCT and histological analyses. Mechanistic details were explored in RANKL-treated macrophages through Western blot analyses. Results: We found that Sufu deletion or PM treatment potently activated Hh signaling in macrophages, and strongly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP+ osteoclast production, F-actin ring formation, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and osteoclast activity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Sufu deletion or PM administration significantly attenuated titanium particle-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in vivo. Our mechanistic study revealed that activation of Hh signaling suppressed RANKL-induced activation of JNK pathway and downregulated protein levels of two key osteoclastic transcriptional factors, c-Fos and its downstream target NFATc1. Conclusions: Both genetic and pharmacological activation of Hh signaling can cell-autonomously inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity in vitro and protect against titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, Hh signaling hinders osteoclastogenesis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Thus, Hh signaling may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of PPO and other osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zirui Liao
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xinhuan Lei
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Dun Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
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13
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Liu D, Bai X, Ma W, Xin D, Chu X, Yuan H, Qiu J, Ke H, Yin S, Chen W, Wang Z. Purmorphamine Attenuates Neuro-Inflammation and Synaptic Impairments After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Mice via Shh Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32194421 PMCID: PMC7064623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purmorphamine (PUR), an agonist of the Smoothened (Smo) receptor, has been shown to function as a neuroprotectant in acute experimental ischemic stroke. Its role in hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in neonatal mice remains unknown. Here we show that PUR attenuated acute brain injury, with a decrease in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as inhibition of caspase-3 activation. These beneficial effects of PUR were associated with suppressing neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress. PUR exerted long-term protective effects upon tissue loss and improved neurobehavioral outcomes as determined at 14 and 28 days post-HI insult. Moreover, PUR increased synaptophysin (Syn) and postsynaptic density (PSD) protein 95 expression in HI-treated mice and attenuated synaptic loss. PUR upregulated the expression of Shh pathway mediators, while suppression of the Shh signaling pathway with cyclopamine (Cyc) reversed these beneficial effects of PUR on HI insult. Our study suggests a therapeutic potential for short-term PUR administration in HI-induced injury as a result of its capacity to exert multiple protective actions upon acute brain injury, long-term memory deficits, and impaired synapses. Moreover, we provide evidence indicating that one of the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of PUR involves activation of the Shh signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xili Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongtao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - HongFei Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sen Yin
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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14
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Yang C, Li T, Xue H, Wang L, Deng L, Xie Y, Bai X, Xin D, Yuan H, Qiu J, Wang Z, Li G. Inhibition of Necroptosis Rescues SAH-Induced Synaptic Impairments in Hippocampus via CREB-BDNF Pathway. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:990. [PMID: 30666179 PMCID: PMC6330293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating form of stroke that leads to incurable outcomes. Increasing evidence has proved that early brain injury (EBI) contributes mostly to unfavorable outcomes after SAH. A previously unknown mechanism of regulated cell death known as necroptosis has recently been reported. Necrostatin-1 (nec-1), a specific and potent inhibitor of necroptosis, can attenuate brain impairments after SAH. However, the effect of nec-1 on the hippocampus and its neuroprotective impact on synapses after SAH is not well understood. Our present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of nec-1 administration on synapses and its relevant signal pathway in EBI after SAH. Nec-1 was administrated in a rat model via intracerebroventricular injection after SAH. Neurobehavior scores and brain edema were detected at 24 h after SAH occurred. The expression of the receptor-interacting proteins 1 and 3 (RIP1and3) was examined as a marker of necroptosis. We used hematoxylin and eosin staining, Nissl staining, silver staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to observe the morphological changes in hippocampus. The protective effect of nec-1 on synapses was evaluated using western blotting and electron microscopy and Western blotting was used to detect the cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and we used transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL to detect the protective effects of nec-1 when a specific inhibitor of CREB, known as 666-15, was used. Our results showed that in the SAH group, RIP1, and RIP3 significantly increased in the hippocampus. Additionally, injection of nec-1 alleviated brain edema and improved neurobehavior scores, compared with those in the SAH group. The damage to neurons was attenuated, and synaptic structure also improved in the Sham+nec-1 group. Furthermore, nec-1 treatment significantly enhanced the levels of phospho-CREB and BDNF compared with those in the SAH group. The protective effect of nec-1 could hindered by 666-15. Thus, nec-1 mitigated SAH-induced synaptic impairments in the hippocampus through the inhibition of necroptosis in connection with the CREB-BDNF pathway. This study may provide a new strategy for SAH patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongtao Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
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15
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Cai W, Ma W, Wang GT, Li YJ, Shen WD. Antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of electroacupuncture through sonic hedgehog-signaling pathway in a rat model of poststroke depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1403-1411. [PMID: 31190842 PMCID: PMC6536134 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s205033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most frequent psychological sequela after stroke. Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment is effective for PSD. The study aimed at clarifying the mechanisms of EA's antidepressant effects in a PSD rat model. Methods: We used middle cerebral artery occlusion to establish the rat model of PSD. Tests of sucrose preference and locomotor activity were performed to examine depressive-like behaviors. We measured malondialdehyde, GSH, SOD, IL6, IL1β, TNFα, and 5HT with ELISA. The hippocampal Shh-signaling pathway was assessed by Western blot. Results: EA significantly decreased sucrose preference and locomotor activities of PSD rats, reduced IL6, TNFα, increased GSH, and upregulated 5HT, and also slightly reduced IL1β and malondialdehyde, all of which were measured with ELISA. The Shh-signaling pathway assessed by Western blotting was activated by EA. Those changes were inhibited by the Shh-pathway inhibitor cyclopamine. Conclusion: EA effectively alleviated depressive-like behaviors in PSD by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through activation of the Shh-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ma
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Tao Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jing Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Shen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Anesthesia, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Acupuncture, Shanghai Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu F, Feng XX, Zhu SL, Huang HY, Chen YD, Pan YF, June RR, Zheng SG, Huang JL. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Mediates Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis via MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2847. [PMID: 30568656 PMCID: PMC6290332 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are the major effector cells that lead to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovitis and joint destruction. Our previous studies showed that Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is involved in aberrant activation of RA-FLSs and inhibition of SHH pathway decreases proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs. The objective of this study was to investigate if the SHH pathway mediates proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs via the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathway. SHH signaling was studied by using SHH agonist (Purmorphamine) and antagonist (Cyclopamine) targeting the Smoothened (SMO) in FLSs. U0126-EtOH was used to inhibit the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 (p-ERKl/2) was examined by western blot. Cell viability was detected using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity kit-8 (CCK8), and cell cycle distribution and proliferating cells were evaluated by the flow cytometry. Cell migration was examined by Transwell assay. Results showed that, compared with the control group, Purmorphamine increased the levels of p-ERK1/2 in concentration-and time-dependent manners (P < 0.01). Co-treated with Purmorphamine and U0126-EtOH or Cyclopamine both decreased the levels of p-ERK1/2 (P < 0.05). RA-FLSs treated with Purmorphamine resulted in alteration of cell cycle distribution, increasing of proliferating cells, cell viability, and migration cells compared to controls (P < 0.01). However, the above phenomenon can be abolished by U0126-EtOH (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that SHH signaling pathway mediates proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs via MAPK/ERK pathway and may contribute to progression of RA. Targeting SHH signaling may have a therapeutic potential in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xue Feng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang Ling Zhu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu Huang
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ying Di Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Feng Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rayford R June
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical College at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical College at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jian Lin Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Chen SD, Yang JL, Hwang WC, Yang DI. Emerging Roles of Sonic Hedgehog in Adult Neurological Diseases: Neurogenesis and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082423. [PMID: 30115884 PMCID: PMC6121355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a member of the hedgehog (Hh) family, was originally recognized as a morphogen possessing critical characters for neural development during embryogenesis. Recently, however, Shh has emerged as an important modulator in adult neural tissues through different mechanisms such as neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and autophagy. Therefore, Shh may potentially have clinical application in neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. In this article, we present some examples, including ours, to show different aspects of Shh signaling and how Shh agonists or mimetics are used to alter the neuronal fates in various disease models, both in vitro and in vivo. Other potential mechanisms that are discussed include alteration of mitochondrial function and anti-aging effect; both are critical for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanisms elicited by Shh may provide a rationale to design innovative therapeutic regimens for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Der Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chao Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan.
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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18
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Zhang B, Dai XH, Yu XP, Zou W, Teng W, Sun XW, Yu WW, Liu H, Wang H, Sun MJ, Li M. Baihui (DU20)-penetrating- Qubin (GB7) acupuncture inhibits apoptosis in the perihemorrhagic penumbra. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1602-1608. [PMID: 30127121 PMCID: PMC6126129 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.237123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Baihui (DU20)-penetrating-Qubin (GB7) acupuncture can inhibit inflammatory reactions and activate signaling pathways related to proliferation after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, there is no research showing the relationship between this treatment and cell apoptosis. Rat models of intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injecting 60 μL of autologous blood into the right side of the caudate-putamen. Six hours later, the needle traveled subcutaneously from the Baihui acupoint to Qubin acupoint. The needle was alternately rotated (180 ± 10 turns/min) manually along clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. Stimulation lasted for 7 days, and was performed three times each for 6 minutes with 6-minute intervals between stimulations. Rats intraperitoneally receiving Sonic hedgehog pathway activator, purmorphamine (1 mg/kg per day), served as positive controls. Motor and sensory function were assessed using the Ludmila Belayev test. Extent of pathological changes were measured in the perihemorrhagic penumbra using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. Expression of smoothened (Smo) and glioma-associated homolog 1 (Gli1) was determined by western blot assay. Our results showed that Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture promoted recovery of motor and sensory function, reduced the apoptotic cell percentage in the perihemorrhagic penumbra, and up-regulated Smo and Gli1 expression. We conclude that Baihui-penetrating-Qubin acupuncture can mitigate hemorrhage and promote functional recovery of the brain in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage, possibly by activating the Sonic hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Dai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue-Ping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine; Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Teng
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Juan Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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19
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Gu X, Zheng C, Zheng Q, Chen S, Li W, Shang Z, Zhang H. Salvianolic acid A attenuates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats by regulating ERK/P38/Nrf2 signaling. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:5643-5652. [PMID: 29312516 PMCID: PMC5752914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of salvianolic acid A (SalA) on EBI after SAH via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The intraperitoneal administration of SalA (10 and 50 mg/kg/day) significantly alleviated EBI (including neurobehavioral deficits, brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and cortical neuron apoptosis) after SAH in rats. SalA treatment also reduced the post-SAH elevated levels of reactive oxygen species level and malondialdehyde. Further, SalA increased glutathione peroxidase enzymatic activity and the concentrations of glutathione and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain cortex, at 24 h after SAH. In addition, SalA also decreased the release of inflammation cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in SAH rats. Expressions of cell apoptosis-related proteins were also regulated by SalA treatment in SAH rats. Meanwhile, SalA also modulated Nrf2 signaling, and the phosphorylation of ERK and P38 MAPK signaling in SAH rats. These results indicated that the administration of SalA may ameliorate EBI and provide neuroprotection after SAH in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
| | - Chengzhang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
| | - Shuiyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
| | - Zhanfang Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical UniversityFuan 355000, P. R. China
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Liu S, Xin D, Wang L, Zhang T, Bai X, Li T, Xie Y, Xue H, Bo S, Liu D, Wang Z. Therapeutic effects of L-Cysteine in newborn mice subjected to hypoxia-ischemia brain injury via the CBS/H 2S system: Role of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Redox Biol 2017; 13:528-540. [PMID: 28735240 PMCID: PMC5524226 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury is a major cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction. H2S has been shown to protect against hypoxia-induced injury and apoptosis of neurons. L-Cysteine is catalyzed by cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in the brain and sequentially produces endogenous H2S. The present study was designed to investigate whether L-Cysteine could attenuate the acute brain injury and improve neurobehavioral outcomes following HI brain injury in neonatal mice by releasing endogenous H2S. L-Cysteine treatment significantly attenuated brain edema and decreased infarct volume and neuronal cell death, as shown by a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, suppression of caspase-3 activation, and reduced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK at 72 h after HI. Additionally, L-Cysteine substantially up-regulated NF-E2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression. L-Cysteine also decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated pro-apoptotic protein expression. Furthermore, L-Cysteine had long-term effects by protecting against the loss of ipsilateral brain tissue and improving neurobehavioral outcomes. Importantly, pre-treatment with a CBS inhibitor significantly attenuated the neuroprotection of L-Cysteine on HI insult. Thus, L-Cysteine exerts neuroprotection against HI-induced injury in neonates via the CBS/H2S pathway, mediated in part by anti-apoptotic effects and reduced oxidative stress and ER stress. Thus, L-Cysteine may be a promising treatment for HI. L-Cysteine administration at 24 h after HI insult has neuroprotective effect. L-Cysteine administration attenuated HI-induced oxidative stress and ER stress. L-Cysteine administration had long-term effects in improving neurobehavioral function at 14 and 28 days after HI insult. Pre-treatment with a CBS inhibitor significantly attenuated the neuroprotection of L-Cysteine on HI in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yunkai Xie
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 107#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, PR China
| | - Shishi Bo
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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