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Porcelli V, Barile S, Capobianco L, Barile SN, Gorgoglione R, Fiermonte G, Monti B, Lasorsa FM, Palmieri L. The mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier does not transport GABA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2024; 1865:149487. [PMID: 38945283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2024.149487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four‑carbon amino acid acting as the main inhibitory transmitter in the invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. The metabolism of GABA is well compartmentalized in the cell and the uptake of cytosolic GABA into the mitochondrial matrix is required for its degradation. A previous study carried out in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster indicated that the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC) is responsible for mitochondrial GABA accumulation. Here, we investigated the transport of GABA catalysed by the human and D. melanogaster AGC proteins through a well-established method for the study of the substrate specificity and the kinetic parameters of the mitochondrial carriers. In this experimental system, the D. melanogaster spliced AGC isoforms (Aralar1-PA and Aralar1-PE) and the human AGC isoforms (AGC1/aralar1 and AGC2/citrin) are unable to transport GABA both in homo- and in hetero-exchange with either glutamate or aspartate, i.e. the canonical substrates of AGC. Moreover, GABA has no inhibitory effect on the exchange activities catalysed by the investigated AGCs. Our data demonstrate that AGC does not transport GABA and the molecular identity of the GABA transporter in human and D. melanogaster mitochondria remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Porcelli
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Barile
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Loredana Capobianco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Gorgoglione
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiermonte
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "A. Moro", 70125, Bari, Italy; CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy.
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2
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Tian J, Jia K, Wang T, Guo L, Xuan Z, Michaelis EK, Swerdlow RH, Du H. Hippocampal transcriptome-wide association study and pathway analysis of mitochondrial solute carriers in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:250. [PMID: 38858380 PMCID: PMC11164935 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly recognized as the result of the combination of the aging process, toxic proteins, brain dysmetabolism, and genetic risks. Although the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD has been well-appreciated, the interaction between mitochondrial function and genetic variability in promoting dementia is still poorly understood. In this study, by tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and further meta-analysis, we examined the genetic association between mitochondrial solute carrier family (SLC25) genes and AD in three independent cohorts and identified three AD-susceptibility genes, including SLC25A10, SLC25A17, and SLC25A22. Integrative analysis using neuroimaging data and hippocampal TWAS-predicted gene expression of the three susceptibility genes showed an inverse correlation of SLC25A22 with hippocampal atrophy rate in AD patients, which outweighed the impacts of sex, age, and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4). Furthermore, SLC25A22 downregulation demonstrated an association with AD onset, as compared with the other two transcriptome-wide significant genes. Pathway and network analysis related hippocampal SLC25A22 downregulation to defects in neuronal function and development, echoing the enrichment of SLC25A22 expression in human glutamatergic neurons. The most parsimonious interpretation of the results is that we have identified AD-susceptibility genes in the SLC25 family through the prediction of hippocampal gene expression. Moreover, our findings mechanistically yield insight into the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis of AD and pave the way for the future development of diagnostic tools for the early prevention of AD from a perspective of precision medicine by targeting the mitochondria-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kun Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Elias K Michaelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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3
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Chen L, Yang W, Yang F, Xu T, Yu Y, Wu Q, Han Y. Astrocyte mitochondria: Potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29950. [PMID: 38756598 PMCID: PMC11096718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic, relapsing neurological disorder, and current treatments focus primarily on neurons, yet one-third of patients still develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new therapeutic targets. Interestingly, astrocytes can transfer their healthy mitochondria into neighboring neurons, thus preventing neuronal damage. Astrocyte mitochondria have been shown to have a therapeutic role in stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. However, their therapeutic effect in epilepsy and its related mechanisms have been less studied. In this review, we mainly summarize the regulatory role of astrocyte mitochondria in glutamate, calcium ion, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis and outline the protective role of astrocyte mitochondria in nervous system diseases, revealing a new target for epilepsy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Yang
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Tingwan Xu
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanying Yu
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Yanbing Han
- First Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xi Chang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
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4
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Rothman DL, Behar KL, Dienel GA. Mechanistic stoichiometric relationship between the rates of neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation: Reevaluation of and alternatives to the pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle model. J Neurochem 2024; 168:555-591. [PMID: 36089566 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ~1:1 stoichiometry between the rates of neuronal glucose oxidation (CMRglc-ox-N) and glutamate (Glu)/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-glutamine (Gln) neurotransmitter (NT) cycling between neurons and astrocytes (VNTcycle) has been firmly established. However, the mechanistic basis for this relationship is not fully understood, and this knowledge is critical for the interpretation of metabolic and brain imaging studies in normal and diseased brain. The pseudo-malate-aspartate shuttle (pseudo-MAS) model established the requirement for glycolytic metabolism in cultured glutamatergic neurons to produce NADH that is shuttled into mitochondria to support conversion of extracellular Gln (i.e., astrocyte-derived Gln in vivo) into vesicular neurotransmitter Glu. The evaluation of this model revealed that it could explain half of the 1:1 stoichiometry and it has limitations. Modifications of the pseudo-MAS model were, therefore, devised to address major knowledge gaps, that is, submitochondrial glutaminase location, identities of mitochondrial carriers for Gln and other model components, alternative mechanisms to transaminate α-ketoglutarate to form Glu and shuttle glutamine-derived ammonia while maintaining mass balance. All modified models had a similar 0.5 to 1.0 predicted mechanistic stoichiometry between VNTcycle and the rate of glucose oxidation. Based on studies of brain β-hydroxybutyrate oxidation, about half of CMRglc-ox-N may be linked to glutamatergic neurotransmission and localized in pre-synaptic structures that use pseudo-MAS type mechanisms for Glu-Gln cycling. In contrast, neuronal compartments that do not participate in transmitter cycling may use the MAS to sustain glucose oxidation. The evaluation of subcellular compartmentation of neuronal glucose metabolism in vivo is a critically important topic for future studies to understand glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald A Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Zhang LY, Hu YY, Liu XY, Wang XY, Li SC, Zhang JG, Xian XH, Li WB, Zhang M. The Role of Astrocytic Mitochondria in the Pathogenesis of Brain Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2270-2282. [PMID: 37870679 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity rate of ischemic stroke is increasing annually with the growing aging population in China. Astrocytes are ubiquitous glial cells in the brain and play a crucial role in supporting neuronal function and metabolism. Increasing evidence shows that the impairment or loss of astrocytes contributes to neuronal dysfunction during cerebral ischemic injury. The mitochondrion is increasingly recognized as a key player in regulating astrocyte function. Changes in astrocytic mitochondrial function appear to be closely linked to the homeostasis imbalance defects in glutamate metabolism, Ca2+ regulation, fatty acid metabolism, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and copper regulation. Here, we discuss the role of astrocytic mitochondria in the pathogenesis of brain ischemic injury and their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Chao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ge Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang D, Hua Z, Li Z. The role of glutamate and glutamine metabolism and related transporters in nerve cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14617. [PMID: 38358002 PMCID: PMC10867874 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate and glutamine are the most abundant amino acids in the blood and play a crucial role in cell survival in the nervous system. Various transporters found in cell and mitochondrial membranes, such as the solute carriers (SLCs) superfamily, are responsible for maintaining the balance of glutamate and glutamine in the synaptic cleft and within cells. This balance affects the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine as non-essential amino acids. AIMS This review aims to provide an overview of the transporters and enzymes associated with glutamate and glutamine in neuronal cells. DISCUSSION We delve into the function of glutamate and glutamine in the nervous system by discussing the transporters involved in the glutamate-glutamine cycle and the key enzymes responsible for their mutual conversion. Additionally, we highlight the role of glutamate and glutamine as carbon and nitrogen donors, as well as their significance as precursors for the synthesis of reduced glutathione (GSH). CONCLUSION Glutamate and glutamine play a crucial role in the brain due to their special effects. It is essential to focus on understanding glutamate and glutamine metabolism to comprehend the physiological behavior of nerve cells and to treat nervous system disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhang
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic DiseasesShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Zhongyan Hua
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic DiseasesShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
- Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environment and Metabolic DiseasesShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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7
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Ahmed M, Semreen AM, Giddey AD, Ramadan WS, El-Awady R, Soares NC, El-Huneidi W, Bustanji Y, Alqudah MAY, Alzoubi KH, Semreen MH. Proteomic and metabolomic signatures of U87 glioblastoma cells treated with cisplatin and/or paclitaxel. Ann Med 2024; 55:2305308. [PMID: 38253025 PMCID: PMC10810643 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2305308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary malignancy of the central nervous system and is classified as a grade IV astrocytoma by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although GBM rarely metastasizes, its prognosis remains poor. Moreover, the standard treatment for GBM, temozolomide (TMZ), is associated with chemoresistance, which is a major factor behind GBM-related deaths. Investigating drugs with repurposing potential in the context of GBM is worthwhile to bypass lengthy bench-to-bedside research. The field of omics has garnered significant interest in scientific research because of its potential to delineate the intricate regulatory network underlying tumor development. In particular, proteomic and metabolomic analyses are powerful approaches for the investigation of metabolic enzymes and intermediate metabolites since they represent the functional end of the cancer phenotype. METHODS We chose two of the most widely prescribed anticancer drugs, cisplatin and paclitaxel. To our knowledge, the current literature lacks studies examining their effects on metabolic and proteomic alterations in GBM. We employed the mass spectrometry technological platform 'UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS' to examine the changes in the proteome and metabolome profiles of the U87 cell line with defined concentrations of cisplatin and/or paclitaxel via an untargeted approach. RESULTS A total of 1,419 distinct proteins and 90 metabolites were generated, and subsequent analysis was performed. We observed that upon treatment with cisplatin (9.5 μM), U87 cells exhibited apparent efforts to cope with this exogenous stressor, understanding the effect of paclitaxel (5.3 μM) on altering the transport machinery of the cell, and how the combination of cisplatin and/or paclitaxel suggests potential interactions with promising benefits in GBM therapeutics. CONCLUSION Our research provides a detailed map of alterations in response to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment, provides crucial insights into the molecular basis of their action, and paves the way for further research to identify molecular targets for this elusive malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahlam M. Semreen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander D. Giddey
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa S. Ramadan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nelson C. Soares
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Y. Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Shin E, Kim B, Kang H, Lee H, Park J, Kang J, Park E, Jo S, Kim HY, Lee JS, Lee JM, Youn H, Youn B. Mitochondrial glutamate transporter SLC25A22 uni-directionally export glutamate for metabolic rewiring in radioresistant glioblastoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127511. [PMID: 37866557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor. Radiotherapy, one of the standard treatments for GBM patients, could induce GBM radioresistance via rewiring cellular metabolism. However, the precise mechanism attributing to GBM radioresistance or targeting strategies to overcome GBM radioresistance are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that SLC25A22, a mitochondrial bi-directional glutamate transporter, is upregulated and showed uni-directionality from mitochondria to cytosol in radioresistant GBM cells, resulting in accumulating cytosolic glutamate. However, mitochondrial glutaminolysis-mediated TCA cycle metabolites and OCR are maintained constantly. The accumulated cytosolic glutamate enhances the glutathione (GSH) production and proline synthesis in radioresistant GBM cells. Increased GSH protects cells against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) whereas increased proline, a rate-limiting substrate for collagen biosynthesis, induces extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, leading to GBM invasive phenotypes. Finally, we discover that genetic inhibition of SLC25A22 using miR-184 mimic decreases GBM radioresistance and aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our study suggests that SLC25A22 upregulation confers GBM radioresistance by rewiring glutamate metabolism, and SLC25A22 could be a significant therapeutic target to overcome GBM radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunguk Shin
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Lee
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Nuclear Science Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Feng Y, Imam Aliagan A, Tombo N, Bopassa JC. Mitofilin Heterozygote Mice Display an Increase in Myocardial Injury and Inflammation after Ischemia/Reperfusion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:921. [PMID: 37107296 PMCID: PMC10135852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial inner membrane protein (Mitofilin/Mic60) is part of a big complex that constituent the mitochondrial inner membrane organizing system (MINOS), which plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial architecture and function. We recently showed that Mitofilin physically binds to Cyclophilin D, and disruption of this interaction promotes the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and determines the extent of I/R injury. Here, we investigated whether Mitofilin knockout in the mouse enhances myocardial injury and inflammation after I/R injury. We found that full-body deletion (homozygote) of Mitofilin induces a lethal effect in the offspring and that a single allele expression of Mitofilin is sufficient to rescue the mouse phenotype in normal conditions. Using non-ischemic hearts from wild-type (WT) and Mitofilin+/- (HET) mice, we report that the mitochondria structure and calcium retention capacity (CRC) required to induce the opening of mPTP were similar in both groups. However, the levels of mitochondrial dynamics proteins involved in both fusion/fission, including MFN2, DRP1, and OPA1, were slightly reduced in Mitofilin+/- mice compared to WT. After I/R, the CRC and cardiac functional recovery were reduced while the mitochondria structure was more damaged, and myocardial infarct size was increased in Mitofilin+/- mice compared to WT. Mitofilin+/- mice exhibited an increase in the mtDNA release in the cytosol and ROS production, as well as dysregulated SLC25As (3, 5, 11, and 22) solute carrier function, compared to WT. In addition, Mitofilin+/- mice displayed an increase in the transcript of pro-inflammatory markers, including IL-6, ICAM, and TNF-α. These results suggest that Mitofilin knockdown induces mitochondrial cristae damage that promotes dysregulation of SLC25As solute carriers, leading to an increase in ROS production and reduction in CRC after I/R. These effects are associated with an increase in the mtDNA release into the cytosol, where it activates signaling cascades leading to nuclear transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines that aggravate I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean C. Bopassa
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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10
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Kuwabara R, Qin T, Alberto Llacua L, Hu S, Boekschoten MV, de Haan BJ, Smink AM, de Vos P. Extracellular matrix inclusion in immunoisolating alginate-based microcapsules promotes longevity, reduces fibrosis, and supports function of islet allografts in vivo. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:151-162. [PMID: 36610609 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoisolation of pancreatic-islets in alginate-microcapsules is applied to treat diabetes. However, long-term islet function is limited, which might be due to damaged and lack of contact with pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Herein we investigated the impact of collagen IV combined with laminin sequences, either RGD, LRE, or PDSGR, on graft-survival of microencapsulated bioluminescent islets in vivo. Collagen IV with RGD had the most pronounced effect. It enhanced after 8-week implantation in immune-incompetent mice the bioluminescence of allogeneic islets by 3.2-fold, oxygen consumption rate by 14.3-fold and glucose-induced insulin release by 9.6-fold. Transcriptomics demonstrated that ECM enhanced canonical pathways involving insulin-secretion and that it suppressed pathways related to inflammation and hypoxic stress. Also, 5.8-fold fewer capsules were affected by fibrosis. In a subsequent longevity study in immune-competent mice, microencapsulated allografts containing collagen IV and RGD had a 2.4-fold higher functionality in the first week after implantation and remained at least 2.1-fold higher during the study. Islets in microcapsules containing collagen IV and RGD survived 211 ± 24.1 days while controls survived 125 ± 19.7 days. Our findings provide in vivo evidence for the efficacy of supplementing immunoisolating devices with specific ECM components to enhance functionality and longevity of islet-grafts in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Limitations in duration of survival of immunoisolated pancreatic islet grafts is a major obstacle for application of the technology to treat diabetes. Accumulating evidence supports that incorporation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the capsules enhances longevity of pancreatic islets. After selection of the most efficacious laminin sequence in vitro, we show in vivo that inclusion of collagen IV and RGD in alginate-based microcapsules enhances survival, insulin secretion function, and mitochondrial function. It also suppresses fibrosis by lowering proinflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis shows that ECM-inclusion promotes insulin-secretion related pathways and attenuates inflammation and hypoxic stress related pathways in islets. We show that inclusion of ECM in immunoisolating devices is a promising strategy to promote long-term survival of islet-grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kuwabara
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tian Qin
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands.
| | - L Alberto Llacua
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Shuxian Hu
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
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11
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Role of Mitochondrial Transporters on Metabolic Rewiring of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020411. [PMID: 36672360 PMCID: PMC9857038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is among the deadliest cancers worldwide and commonly presents as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of PDAC. Glucose and glutamine metabolism are extensively rewired in order to fulfil both energetic and synthetic demands of this aggressive tumour and maintain favorable redox homeostasis. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), the glutamine carrier (SLC1A5_Var), the glutamate carrier (GC), the aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC), and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) have all been shown to influence PDAC cell growth and progression. The expression of MPC is downregulated in PDAC and its overexpression reduces cell growth rate, whereas the other four transporters are usually overexpressed and the loss of one or more of them renders PDAC cells unable to grow and proliferate by altering the levels of crucial metabolites such as aspartate. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the current experimental evidence about the function of these carriers in PDAC metabolic rewiring. Dissecting the precise role of these transporters in the context of the tumour microenvironment is necessary for targeted drug development.
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Gambardella J, Fiordelisi A, Sorriento D, Cerasuolo F, Buonaiuto A, Avvisato R, Pisani A, Varzideh F, Riccio E, Santulli G, Iaccarino G. Mitochondrial microRNAs Are Dysregulated in Patients with Fabry Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:72-78. [PMID: 35764328 PMCID: PMC9827504 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene for α-galactosidase A, inducing a progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GB3) and its metabolites in different organs and tissues. GB3 deposition does not fully explain the clinical manifestations of FD, and other pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed, requiring the identification of new biomarkers for monitoring FD patients. Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial alterations in FD. Here, we propose mitochondrial-related microRNAs (miRs) as potential biomarkers of mitochondrial involvement in FD. Indeed, we demonstate that miRs regulating different aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis including expression and assembly of respiratory chain, mitogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis are consistently dysregulated in FD patients. Our data unveil a novel noncoding RNA signature of FD patients, indicating mitochondrial-related miRs as new potential pathogenic players and biomarkers in FD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates for the first time that a specific signature of circulating mitochondrial miRs (mitomiRs) is dysregulated in FD patients. MitomiRs regulating fundamental aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis and fitness, including expression and assembly of the respiratory chain, mitogenesis, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis are significantly dysregulated in FD patients. Taken together, these new findings introduce mitomiRs as unprecedented biomarkers of FD and point at mitochondrial dysfunction as a novel potential mechanistic target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Federica Cerasuolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Antonietta Buonaiuto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Roberta Avvisato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Riccio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (J.G., A.F., D.S., F.C., A.B., R.A., G.I.); Interdepartmental Center of Research on Hypertension and Related Conditions (J.G., G.I.), and Department of Public Health (A.P., E.R.); Federico II University, Naples, Italy; and Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (J.G., F.V., G.S.)
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13
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Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhou F, Zhang M, Zhao D, Wang X, Yang T, Ma J. Identification of miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with the glutamatergic system in post-traumatic epilepsy rats. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1102672. [PMID: 36619916 PMCID: PMC9822725 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate is one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain and is involved in a variety of neurological disorders. Increasing evidence also shows that microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA pairs are engaged in a variety of pathophysiological processes. However, the miRNA and mRNA pairs that affect the glutamatergic system in post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) remain unknown. Methods PTE rats were induced by injecting 0.1 mol/L, 1 μL/min FeCl2 solution. Behavioral scores and EEG monitoring were used to evaluate whether PTE was successfully induced. RNA-seq was used to obtain mRNA and miRNA expression profiles. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs associated with the glutamatergic system and then predict miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to further validate the expression of the differential miRNAs and mRNAs. The microRNA-mRNA was subject to the Pearson correlation analysis. Results Eight of the 91 differentially expressed mRNAs were associated with the glutamatergic system, of which six were upregulated and two were downregulated. Forty miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, with 14 upregulated and 26 downregulated genes. The predicted miRNA-mRNA interaction network shows that five of the eight differentially expressed mRNAs associated with the glutamatergic system were targeted by multiple miRNAs, including Slc17a6, Mef2c, Fyn, Slc25a22, and Shank2, while the remaining three mRNAs were not targeted by any miRNAs. Of the 40 differentially expressed miRNAs, seven miRNAs were found to have multiple target mRNAs associated with the glutamatergic system. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR validation and Pearson correlation analysis were performed on these seven targeted miRNAs-Slc17a6, Mef2c, Fyn, Slc25a22, and Shank2-and six additional miRNAs selected from the literature. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR showed that the expression levels of the mRNAs and miRNAs agreed with the predictions in the study. Among them, the miR-98-5p-Slc17a6, miR-335-5p-Slc17a6, miR-30e-5p-Slc17a6, miR-1224-Slc25a22, and miR-211-5p-Slc25a22 pairs were verified to have negative correlations. Conclusions Our results indicate that miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs associated with the glutamatergic system are involved in the development of PTE and have potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Yixun Ma
- College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, Beijing, China,Tiantong Yang ✉
| | - Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Department of Radiology, Chui Yang Liu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jun Ma ✉
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14
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Gan Y, Wei Z, Liu C, Li G, Feng Y, Deng Y. Solute carrier transporter disease and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1013903. [PMID: 36419532 PMCID: PMC9676364 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy officially revised its classification in 2017, which amended "epileptic encephalopathy" to "developmental and epileptic encephalopathy". With the development of genetic testing technology, an increasing number of genes that cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies are being identified. Among these, solute transporter dysfunction is part of the etiology of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Solute carrier transporters play an essential physiological function in the human body, and their dysfunction is associated with various human diseases. Therefore, in-depth studies of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by solute carrier transporter dysfunction can help develop new therapeutic modalities to facilitate the treatment of refractory epilepsy and improve patient prognosis. In this article, the concept of transporter protein disorders is first proposed, and nine developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by solute carrier transporter dysfunction are described in detail in terms of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, ancillary tests, and precise treatment to provide ideas for the precise treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gan
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanchun Deng
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center of Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Xijing Institute of Epilepsy and Encephalopathy, Xi'an, China
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15
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Dynamic transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the important roles of taurine and glutamine metabolism in response to environmental salinity changes in gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1545-1557. [PMID: 36122778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the frequent salinity fluctuation has become a growing threat to fishes. However, the dynamic patterns of gene expression in response to salinity changes remain largely unexplored. In the present study, 18 RNA-Seq datasets were generated from gills of rainbow trout at different salinities, including 0 ‰, 6 ‰, 12 ‰, 18 ‰, 24 ‰ and 30 ‰. Based on the strict thresholds, we have identified 63, 1411, 2096, 1031 and 1041 differentially expressed genes in gills of rainbow trout through pairwise comparisons. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to construct 18 independent modules with distinct expression patterns. Of them, green and tan modules were found to be tightly related to salinity changes, several hub genes of which are known as the important regulators in taurine and glutamine metabolism. To further investigate their potential roles in response to salinity changes, taurine, glutamine, and their metabolism-related glutamic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid were accurately quantitated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Results clearly showed that their concentrations were closely associated with salinity changes. These findings suggested that taurine and glutamine play important roles in response to salinity changes in gills of rainbow trout, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of fishes in salinity adaptation.
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Li X, Wang Q, Zhang D, Wu D, Liu N, Chen T. Effects of long-term administration of Q808 on hippocampal transcriptome in healthy rats. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:642-649. [PMID: 35831127 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is usually requires for many years. Q808 is an innovative antiepileptic chemical. It exerts effective antiepileptic effect against various epilepsy models. Exploring the gene transcriptomic profile of long-term treatment of Q808 is necessary. In the present study, hippocampus RNA-sequencing was performed to reveal the transcriptome profile of rats before and after treatment of Q808 for 28 days. Results confirmed 51 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Q808 and healthy control groups. Gene cluster analysis showed that most upregulated DEGs linked to response to drug and nucleus, most downregulated DEGs linked to locomotory, neuronal cell body, and drug binding. Most of DEGs were enriched in the signaling transduction, substance dependence, nervous system, and neurodegenerative disease pathways. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that Q808 significantly increased the expression of neuroprotective genes, such as Mdk, and decreased the mRNA levels of Penk, Drd1, and Adora2a, which are highly expressed in epilepsy models. In addition, Q808 decreased the mRNA expression of Pde10A and Drd2, which are known to be closely associated with schizophrenia. Our study may provide a theoretical basis to explore the effect of Q808 on the susceptibility to epilepsy and other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University
| | - Qing Wang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Dianwen Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Di Wu
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ning Liu
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Tianli Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
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Song J, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang C, Chen L. Glutamate Metabolism in Mitochondria is Closely Related to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:557-578. [PMID: 34602474 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, and its excitatory neurotoxicity is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease. However, increasing evidence shows that in the process of Alzheimer's disease, glutamate is not only limited to its excitotoxicity as a neurotransmitter but also related to the disorder of its metabolic balance. The balance of glutamate metabolism in the brain is an important determinant of central nervous system health, and the maintenance of this balance is closely related to glutamate uptake, glutamate circulation, intracellular mitochondrial transport, and mitochondrial metabolism. In this paper, we intend to elaborate the key role of mitochondrial glutamate metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and review glutamate metabolism in mitochondria as a potential target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Cadre's Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Cadre's Ward, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Chen K, Xiang M, Ma H. Glutamine metabolism: from proliferating cells to cardiomyocytes. Metabolism 2021; 121:154778. [PMID: 33901502 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a major energy source for rapidly dividing cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells and cancer cells. Reliance on glutamine is therefore regarded as a metabolic hallmark of proliferating cells. Moreover, reprogramming glutamine metabolism by various factors, including tissue type, microenvironment, pro-oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes, can facilitate stem cell fate decisions, tumor recurrence, and drug resistance. However, the significance of glutamine metabolism in cardiomyocytes, an end-differentiated cell type, is not fully understood. Existing evidence suggests important roles of glutamine metabolism in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we have focused on glutaminolysis and its regulatory network in proliferating cells. We have summarized current findings about the role of glutamine utilization in cardiomyocytes and have discussed possibilities of targeting glutamine metabolism for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wudi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kaijie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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19
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Kunji ERS, King MS, Ruprecht JJ, Thangaratnarajah C. The SLC25 Carrier Family: Important Transport Proteins in Mitochondrial Physiology and Pathology. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:302-327. [PMID: 32783608 PMCID: PMC7611780 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier family (SLC25) transport a variety of compounds across the inner membrane of mitochondria. These transport steps provide building blocks for the cell and link the pathways of the mitochondrial matrix and cytosol. An increasing number of diseases and pathologies has been associated with their dysfunction. In this review, the molecular basis of these diseases is explained based on our current understanding of their transport mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund R S Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S King
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan J Ruprecht
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chancievan Thangaratnarajah
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Membrane Enzymology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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de Moura Alvorcem L, Britto R, Cecatto C, Cristina Roginski A, Rohden F, Nathali Scholl J, Guma FCR, Figueiró F, Umpierrez Amaral A, Zanatta G, Seminotti B, Wajner M, Leipnitz G. Ethylmalonic acid impairs bioenergetics by disturbing succinate and glutamate oxidation and induces mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in rat cerebellum. J Neurochem 2021; 158:262-281. [PMID: 33837559 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of ethylmalonic acid (EMA) are found in ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE), an inherited disorder associated with cerebral and cerebellar atrophy whose pathogenesis is poorly established. The in vitro and in vivo effects of EMA on bioenergetics and redox homeostasis were investigated in rat cerebellum. For the in vitro studies, cerebellum preparations were exposed to EMA, whereas intracerebellar injection of EMA was used for the in vivo evaluation. EMA reduced state 3 and uncoupled respiration in vitro in succinate-, glutamate-, and malate-supported mitochondria, whereas decreased state 4 respiration was observed using glutamate and malate. Furthermore, mitochondria permeabilization and succinate supplementation diminished the decrease in state 3 with succinate. EMA also inhibited the activity of KGDH, an enzyme necessary for glutamate oxidation, in a mixed manner and augmented mitochondrial efflux of α-ketoglutarate. ATP levels were markedly reduced by EMA, reflecting a severe bioenergetic disruption. Docking simulations also indicated interactions between EMA and KGDH and a competition with glutamate and succinate for their mitochondrial transporters. In vitro findings also showed that EMA decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ retention capacity, and induced swelling in the presence of Ca2+ , which were prevented by cyclosporine A and ADP and ruthenium red, indicating mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). Moreover, EMA, at high concentrations, mildly increased ROS levels and altered antioxidant defenses in vitro and in vivo. Our data indicate that EMA-induced impairment of glutamate and succinate oxidation and MPT may contribute to the pathogenesis of the cerebellum abnormalities in EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Moura Alvorcem
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Britto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Cecatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Rohden
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fátima C R Guma
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Geancarlo Zanatta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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21
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Patanè F, Pasquetti E, Sullo F, Tosto M, Sciuto L, Garozzo MT, Praticò ER, Falsaperla R. SLC25A22 and Its Related Epileptic Encephalopathies. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEpileptic encephalopathy is a condition in which seizures, electroencephalographic epileptiform abnormalities lead to a progressive deterioration of brain functions causing a significant psychomotor delay. One of the typical features of this heterogeneous and large group of severe disorders is the extremely early onset of seizures. The main causes of the epileptic encephalopathies include structural brain defects, inherited metabolic disorders; in this aspect, more than 100 genetic defects, including mutations in the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25A22) gene which encodes a mitochondrial glutamate carrier. To date, the main clinical phenotypes related to mutations of this gene are Ohtahara syndrome (or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy), early myoclonic encephalopathy and migrating partial seizures in infancy. In all the cases, prognosis is poor and no disease-modifying treatment is available in the present days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Patanè
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisa Pasquetti
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federica Sullo
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Tosto
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Sciuto
- Pediatrics Postgraduate Residency Program, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Garozzo
- Unit of Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency, Hospital “Cannizzaro,” Catania, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatology, University Hospital “Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco,” Catania, Italy
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22
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Nicotera AG, Dicanio D, Pironti E, Bonsignore M, Cafeo A, Efthymiou S, Mondello P, Salpietro V, Houlden H, Di Rosa G. De novo mutation in SLC25A22 gene: expansion of the clinical and electroencephalographic phenotype. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:67-73. [PMID: 33821742 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1892094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SLC25A22 (Solute Carrier Family 25, Member 22) gene encodes for a mitochondrial glutamate/H+ symporter and is involved in the mitochondrial transport of metabolites across the mitochondrial membrane. We hereby report a 12-year-old girl presenting with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, and global developmental delay. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in SLC25A22 gene (c.97A>G; p.Lys33Glu), as the likely cause of the disease. The phenotype of our patient and EEG recordings do not completely overlap with the phenotypes previously described, leading to a new and more complex form of disease associated with SLC25A22 variants, characterized by dyskinetic movements and oculogyric crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Dicanio
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Erica Pironti
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Bonsignore
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Cafeo
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Mondello
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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23
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Tan Y, Gan M, Shen L, Li L, Fan Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Niu L, Zhao Y, Jiang A, Jiang D, Zhang S, Zhu L. Profiling and Functional Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs and mRNAs during Porcine Skeletal Muscle Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020503. [PMID: 33419093 PMCID: PMC7825455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transcripts or mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed during porcine skeletal muscle development. However, only a few studies have been conducted on skeletal muscle transcriptome in pigs based on timepoints according to the growth curve for porcine. Here, we investigated gene expression in Qingyu pigs at three different growth stages: the inflection point with the maximum growth rate (MGI), the inflection point of the gradually increasing stage to the rapidly increasing stage (GRI), and the inflection point of the rapidly increasing stage to the slowly increasing stage (RSI). Subsequently, we explored gene expression profiles during muscle development at the MGI, GRI and RSI stages by Ribo-Zero RNA sequencing. Qingyu pigs reached the MGI, GRI and RSI stages at 156.40, 23.82 and 288.97 days of age with 51.73, 3.14 and 107.03 kg body weight, respectively. A total of 14,530 mRNAs and 11,970 lncRNAs were identified at the three stages, and 645, 323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 696, 760 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were identified in the GRI vs. MGI, and RSI vs. MGI, comparisons. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in immune system development and energy metabolism (mainly relate to amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid) were enriched at the GRI and MGI stages, respectively, whereas genes involved in lipid metabolism were enriched at the RSI stage. We further characterized G1430, an abundant lncRNA. The full-length sequence (316 nt) of lncRNA G1430 was determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Subcellular distribution analysis by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that G1430 is a cytoplasmic lncRNA. Binding site prediction and dual luciferase assay showed that lncRNA G1430 directly binds to microRNA 133a (miR-133a). Our findings provide the basis for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular genetics of muscle development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Anan Jiang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133 (S.Z. & L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.T.); (M.G.); (L.S.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (L.C.); (L.N.); (Y.Z.); (A.J.); (D.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133 (S.Z. & L.Z.)
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24
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André MV, Cacciagli P, Cano A, Vaugier L, Roussel M, Girard N, Chabrol B, Villard L, Milh M. The phenotype caused by recessive variations in SLC25A22: Report of a new case and literature review. Arch Pediatr 2020; 28:87-92. [PMID: 33342683 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe the clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), and developmental features of a patient with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy due to a homozygous pathogenic variation of mitochondrial glutamate/H+ symporter SLC25A22. Epilepsy began during the first week of life with focal onset seizures. Interictal EEG revealed a suppression-burst pattern with extensive periods of non-activity. The prospective follow-up confirmed developmental encephalopathy as well as ongoing active epilepsy and almost no sign of development at 8 years of age. We confirm in the following paper that SLC25A22 recessive variations may cause a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by a suppression-burst pattern. On the basis of an in-depth literature review, we also provide an overview of this rare genetic cause of neonatal onset epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-V André
- Department of pediatric neurology, hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France.
| | - P Cacciagli
- Inserm, GMGF, UMR_S 910, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille university, 13085 Marseille, France; Department of medical genetics, hôpital de La Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France
| | - A Cano
- Department of pediatric neurology, hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France
| | - L Vaugier
- Department of clinical neurophysiology, hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France
| | - M Roussel
- Department of clinical neurophysiologie, hôpital Nord, AP-HM, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - N Girard
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France
| | - B Chabrol
- Department of pediatric neurology, hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France
| | - L Villard
- Inserm, GMGF, UMR_S 910, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille university, 13085 Marseille, France; Department of medical genetics, hôpital de La Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France
| | - M Milh
- Department of pediatric neurology, hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, 13085 Marseille, France; Inserm, GMGF, UMR_S 910, faculté de médecine, Aix-Marseille university, 13085 Marseille, France
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25
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Russo GL, Sonsalla G, Natarajan P, Breunig CT, Bulli G, Merl-Pham J, Schmitt S, Giehrl-Schwab J, Giesert F, Jastroch M, Zischka H, Wurst W, Stricker SH, Hauck SM, Masserdotti G, Götz M. CRISPR-Mediated Induction of Neuron-Enriched Mitochondrial Proteins Boosts Direct Glia-to-Neuron Conversion. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 28:524-534.e7. [PMID: 33202244 PMCID: PMC7939544 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte-to-neuron conversion is a promising avenue for neuronal replacement therapy. Neurons are particularly dependent on mitochondrial function, but how well mitochondria adapt to the new fate is unknown. Here, we determined the comprehensive mitochondrial proteome of cortical astrocytes and neurons, identifying about 150 significantly enriched mitochondrial proteins for each cell type, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, and cell-type-specific antioxidants. Monitoring their transition during reprogramming revealed late and only partial adaptation to the neuronal identity. Early dCas9-mediated activation of genes encoding mitochondrial proteins significantly improved conversion efficiency, particularly for neuron-enriched but not astrocyte-enriched antioxidant proteins. For example, Sod1 not only improves the survival of the converted neurons but also elicits a faster conversion pace, indicating that mitochondrial proteins act as enablers and drivers in this process. Transcriptional engineering of mitochondrial proteins with other functions improved reprogramming as well, demonstrating a broader role of mitochondrial proteins during fate conversion. Mitochondrial proteomes of cortical astrocytes and neurons are distinct Astrocyte-enriched mitochondrial proteins are downregulated late in neuronal conversion Neuron-enriched mitochondrial proteins are upregulated late in neuronal conversion Early induction of neuronal mitochondrial proteins improves neuronal reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca L Russo
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, BMC LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giovanna Sonsalla
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, BMC LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Poornemaa Natarajan
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, BMC LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christopher T Breunig
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giorgia Bulli
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, BMC LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Developmental Genetics, TUM, Munich-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Developmental Genetics, TUM, Munich-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan H Stricker
- MCN Junior Research Group, Munich Center for Neurosciences, BMC, LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giacomo Masserdotti
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, BMC LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, BMC LMU, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology (SYNERGY), Munich, Germany.
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26
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Rose J, Brian C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Astrocytes Regulates Brain Bioenergetics, Neurotransmission and Redox Balance. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:536682. [PMID: 33224019 PMCID: PMC7674659 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.536682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the brain, mitochondrial metabolism has been largely associated with energy production, and its dysfunction is linked to neuronal cell loss. However, the functional role of mitochondria in glial cells has been poorly studied. Recent reports have demonstrated unequivocally that astrocytes do not require mitochondria to meet their bioenergetics demands. Then, the question remaining is, what is the functional role of mitochondria in astrocytes? In this work, we review current evidence demonstrating that mitochondrial central carbon metabolism in astrocytes regulates overall brain bioenergetics, neurotransmitter homeostasis and redox balance. Emphasis is placed in detailing carbon source utilization (glucose and fatty acids), anaplerotic inputs and cataplerotic outputs, as well as carbon shuttles to neurons, which highlight the metabolic specialization of astrocytic mitochondria and its relevance to brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rose
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Christian Brian
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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27
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Jiang L, Zhu X, Yang H, Chen T, Lv K. Bioinformatics Analysis Discovers Microtubular Tubulin Beta 6 Class V (TUBB6) as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:566579. [PMID: 33193654 PMCID: PMC7531581 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has long been a major clinical research challenge to scientists. The pivotal role of the mitochondria related gene family in the promotion of GBM tumorigenesis is not clear. We detected that microtubular tubulin beta 6 class V (TUBB6) was one of 33 differentially expressed mitochondrial-focused genes (DEMFGs) in GBM, and considered that TUBB6 is a potential therapeutic target in GBM. TUBB6 was vital for GBM and marked as the key prognostic gene in primary GBM. Mutations of TUBB6 in GBM were rare. Only four TUBB6 co-expressed hub genes (ANXA2, S100A11, FLNA, and MSN) exhibited poorer overall survival rates in higher expression groups (p-value < 0.05). We have confirmed the up-regulation of TUBB6 and its partners, ANXA2 and S100A11 in GBM and validated their importance as prognostic factors in primary GBM. TUBB6 was significantly correlated with stromal score in GBM samples (p-value = 6.99E-04). This study aimed to assess the importance of novel hub genes by analyzing the expression, potential function and prognostic impact of TUBB6 in human primary GBM cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Kun Lv
- Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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28
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Hillen AEJ, Heine VM. Glutamate Carrier Involvement in Mitochondrial Dysfunctioning in the Brain White Matter. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:151. [PMID: 32793632 PMCID: PMC7385250 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate homeostasis is an important determinant of health of the central nervous system (CNS). Mitochondria play crucial roles in glutamate metabolism, especially in processes with a high energy demand such as action potential generation. Mitochondrial glutamate carriers (GCs) and aspartate-GCs (AGCs) regulate the transport of glutamate from the cytoplasm across the mitochondrial membrane, which is needed to control energy demand, lipid metabolism, and metabolic activity including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Dysfunction in these carriers are associated with seizures, spasticity, and/or myelin deficits, all of which are associated with inherited metabolic disorders. Since solute carrier functioning and associated processes are cell type- and context-specific, selective vulnerability to glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunctioning is expected. Understanding this could offer important insights into the pathomechanisms of associated disorders. This perspective aims to explore the link between functions of both AGCs and GCs and their role in metabolic disorders, with a focus on a subclass of lysosomal storage disorders called leukodystrophies (LDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E J Hillen
- Pediatric Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vivi M Heine
- Child and Youth Psychiatry, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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29
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Liang L, Chen Y, Yu Y, Pan W, Cui Y, Xu X, Peng K, Liu M, Rashid K, Hou Y, Liu T. SLC25A18 has prognostic value in colorectal cancer and represses Warburg effect and cell proliferation via Wnt signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1548-1567. [PMID: 32509397 PMCID: PMC7269784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. The solute carrier family 25 member 18 (SLC25A18) transports glutamate across the inner mitochondrial membrane and involves some non-tumor diseases, yet little is known about its role in malignancy. Here, we studied the function and mechanism of SLC25A18 in CRC. We conducted a bioinformatic analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify the correlation of SLC25A18 expression with clinic-pathological characteristics. Function experiments were implemented to estimate the variation of aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation due to in vitro and in vivo up- or down-regulation of SLC25A18. Immunohistochemical staining of SLC25A18 was performed on a tissue microarray of 106 patients with primary or metastatic CRC to evaluate its predictive and prognostic value. SLC25A18 expression was low in the CRC samples and was negatively correlated with stage, age and serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels. High expression of SLC25A18 indicated longer disease-free survival time after surgery. Exogenous overexpression of SLC25A18 decreased glucose consumption, lactate production, intracellular ATP concentration and cell proliferation and abrogated expression of CTNNB1, PKM2, LDHA and MYC. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin restored SLC25A18-repressed cellular activities. SLC25A18 clinically predicted a longer survival time after surgery or medicine treatment. These results showed that increased SLC25A18 expression inhibits Warburg effect and cell proliferation via Wnt/β-catenin cascade, and suggest a better prognosis after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiyu Pan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityNO. 180, Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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30
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Palmieri F, Scarcia P, Monné M. Diseases Caused by Mutations in Mitochondrial Carrier Genes SLC25: A Review. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040655. [PMID: 32340404 PMCID: PMC7226361 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, after the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had been sequenced, several diseases resulting from mtDNA mutations emerged. Later, numerous disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were found. A group of these diseases are due to defects of mitochondrial carriers, a family of proteins named solute carrier family 25 (SLC25), that transport a variety of solutes such as the reagents of ATP synthase (ATP, ADP, and phosphate), tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, cofactors, amino acids, and carnitine esters of fatty acids. The disease-causing mutations disclosed in mitochondrial carriers range from point mutations, which are often localized in the substrate translocation pore of the carrier, to large deletions and insertions. The biochemical consequences of deficient transport are the compartmentalized accumulation of the substrates and dysfunctional mitochondrial and cellular metabolism, which frequently develop into various forms of myopathy, encephalopathy, or neuropathy. Examples of diseases, due to mitochondrial carrier mutations are: combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, carnitine-acylcarnitine carrier deficiency, hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrillinuria (HHH) syndrome, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 3, Amish microcephaly, aspartate/glutamate isoform 1 deficiency, congenital sideroblastic anemia, Fontaine progeroid syndrome, and citrullinemia type II. Here, we review all the mitochondrial carrier-related diseases known until now, focusing on the connections between the molecular basis, altered metabolism, and phenotypes of these inherited disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0805443323 (F.P.)
| | - Pasquale Scarcia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0805443323 (F.P.)
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31
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Robinson MB, Lee ML, DaSilva S. Glutamate Transporters and Mitochondria: Signaling, Co-compartmentalization, Functional Coupling, and Future Directions. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:526-540. [PMID: 32002773 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being an amino acid that is incorporated into proteins, glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, the precursor for the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, and one metabolic step from the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. Extracellular glutamate is cleared by a family of Na+-dependent transporters. These transporters are variably expressed by all cell types in the nervous system, but the bulk of clearance is into astrocytes. GLT-1 and GLAST (also called EAAT2 and EAAT1) mediate this activity and are extremely abundant proteins with their expression enriched in fine astrocyte processes. In this review, we will focus on three topics related to these astrocytic glutamate transporters. First, these transporters co-transport three Na+ ions and a H+ with each molecule of glutamate and counter-transport one K+; they are also coupled to a Cl- conductance. The movement of Na+ is sufficient to cause profound astrocytic depolarization, and the movement of H+ is linked to astrocytic acidification. In addition, the movement of Na+ can trigger the activation of Na+ co-transporters (e.g. Na+-Ca2+ exchangers). We will describe the ways in which these ionic movements have been linked as signals to brain function and/or metabolism. Second, these transporters co-compartmentalize with mitochondria, potentially providing a mechanism to supply glutamate to mitochondria as a source of fuel for the brain. We will provide an overview of the proteins involved, discuss the evidence that glutamate is oxidized, and then highlight some of the un-resolved issues related to glutamate oxidation. Finally, we will review evidence that ischemic insults (stroke or oxygen/glucose deprivation) cause changes in these astrocytic mitochondria and discuss the ways in which these changes have been linked to glutamate transport, glutamate transport-dependent signaling, and altered glutamate metabolism. We conclude with a broader summary of some of the unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 502N, Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA.
| | - Meredith L Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 502N, Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA
| | - Sabrina DaSilva
- Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 502N, Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA
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32
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Yahyaoui R, Pérez-Frías J. Amino Acid Transport Defects in Human Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010119. [PMID: 31878022 PMCID: PMC6981491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters play very important roles in nutrient uptake, neurotransmitter recycling, protein synthesis, gene expression, cell redox balance, cell signaling, and regulation of cell volume. With regard to transporters that are closely connected to metabolism, amino acid transporter-associated diseases are linked to metabolic disorders, particularly when they involve different organs, cell types, or cell compartments. To date, 65 different human solute carrier (SLC) families and more than 400 transporter genes have been identified, including 11 that are known to include amino acid transporters. This review intends to summarize and update all the conditions in which a strong association has been found between an amino acid transporter and an inherited metabolic disorder. Many of these inherited disorders have been identified in recent years. In this work, the physiological functions of amino acid transporters will be described by the inherited diseases that arise from transporter impairment. The pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, laboratory findings, diagnosis, genetics, and treatment of these disorders are also briefly described. Appropriate clinical and diagnostic characterization of the underlying molecular defect may give patients the opportunity to avail themselves of appropriate therapeutic options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Yahyaoui
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Newborn Screening Center of Eastern Andalusia, Málaga Regional University Hospital, 29011 Málaga, Spain
- Grupo Endocrinología y Nutrición, Diabetes y Obesidad, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Javier Pérez-Frías
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Investigación Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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33
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Tang BL. Targeting the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier for Neuroprotection. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090238. [PMID: 31540439 PMCID: PMC6770198 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate carriers mediate pyruvate import into the mitochondria, which is key to the sustenance of the tricarboxylic cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, inhibition of mitochondria pyruvate carrier-mediated pyruvate transport was recently shown to be beneficial in experimental models of neurotoxicity pertaining to the context of Parkinson’s disease, and is also protective against excitotoxic neuronal death. These findings attested to the metabolic adaptability of neurons resulting from MPC inhibition, a phenomenon that has also been shown in other tissue types. In this short review, I discuss the mechanism and potential feasibility of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition as a neuroprotective strategy in neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
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34
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Petralla S, Peña-Altamira LE, Poeta E, Massenzio F, Virgili M, Barile SN, Sbano L, Profilo E, Corricelli M, Danese A, Giorgi C, Ostan R, Capri M, Pinton P, Palmieri F, Lasorsa FM, Monti B. Deficiency of Mitochondrial Aspartate-Glutamate Carrier 1 Leads to Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Proliferation Defects Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184486. [PMID: 31514314 PMCID: PMC6769484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspartate-Glutamate Carrier 1 (AGC1) deficiency is a rare neurological disease caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 25, member 12 (SLC25A12) gene, encoding for the mitochondrial aspartate-glutamate carrier isoform 1 (AGC1), a component of the malate-aspartate NADH shuttle (MAS), expressed in excitable tissues only. AGC1 deficiency patients are children showing severe hypotonia, arrested psychomotor development, seizures and global hypomyelination. While the effect of AGC1 deficiency in neurons and neuronal function has been deeply studied, little is known about oligodendrocytes and their precursors, the brain cells involved in myelination. Here we studied the effect of AGC1 down-regulation on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), using both in vitro and in vivo mouse disease models. In the cell model, we showed that a reduced expression of AGC1 induces a deficit of OPC proliferation leading to their spontaneous and precocious differentiation into oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, this effect seems to be related to a dysregulation in the expression of trophic factors and receptors involved in OPC proliferation/differentiation, such as Platelet-Derived Growth Factor α (PDGFα) and Transforming Growth Factor βs (TGFβs). We also confirmed the OPC reduction in vivo in AGC1-deficent mice, as well as a proliferation deficit in neurospheres from the Subventricular Zone (SVZ) of these animals, thus indicating that AGC1 reduction could affect the proliferation of different brain precursor cells. These data clearly show that AGC1 impairment alters myelination not only by acting on N-acetyl-aspartate production in neurons but also on OPC proliferation and suggest new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AGC1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petralla
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.P.-A.); (E.P.); (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Luis Emiliano Peña-Altamira
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.P.-A.); (E.P.); (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Eleonora Poeta
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.P.-A.); (E.P.); (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.P.-A.); (E.P.); (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Marco Virgili
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.P.-A.); (E.P.); (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Simona Nicole Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (E.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Luigi Sbano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.S.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (C.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Emanuela Profilo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (E.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Mariangela Corricelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.S.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (C.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Alberto Danese
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.S.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (C.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.S.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (C.G.); (P.P.)
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale) and C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica Diagnostica e Sperimentale) and C.I.G. Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.S.); (M.C.); (A.D.); (C.G.); (P.P.)
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48010 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (E.P.); (F.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Massimo Lasorsa
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies IBIOM, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.M.L.); (B.M.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2772 (F.M.L.); +39-051-209-4134 (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Monti
- Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.P.-A.); (E.P.); (F.M.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (F.M.L.); (B.M.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2772 (F.M.L.); +39-051-209-4134 (B.M.)
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35
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Mitochondrial Carriers for Aspartate, Glutamate and Other Amino Acids: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184456. [PMID: 31510000 PMCID: PMC6769469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mitochondrial carrier (MC) protein family transport various molecules across the mitochondrial inner membrane to interlink steps of metabolic pathways and biochemical processes that take place in different compartments; i.e., are localized partly inside and outside the mitochondrial matrix. MC substrates consist of metabolites, inorganic anions (such as phosphate and sulfate), nucleotides, cofactors and amino acids. These compounds have been identified by in vitro transport assays based on the uptake of radioactively labeled substrates into liposomes reconstituted with recombinant purified MCs. By using this approach, 18 human, plant and yeast MCs for amino acids have been characterized and shown to transport aspartate, glutamate, ornithine, arginine, lysine, histidine, citrulline and glycine with varying substrate specificities, kinetics, influences of the pH gradient, and capacities for the antiport and uniport mode of transport. Aside from providing amino acids for mitochondrial translation, the transport reactions catalyzed by these MCs are crucial in energy, nitrogen, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. In this review we dissect the transport properties, phylogeny, regulation and expression levels in different tissues of MCs for amino acids, and summarize the main structural aspects known until now about MCs. The effects of their disease-causing mutations and manipulation of their expression levels in cells are also considered as clues for understanding their physiological functions.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu J, Zhu W, Wang Q, Pan X, Gao X, Yang J, Sun H. Mode-Dependent Effect of Xenon Inhalation on Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:375. [PMID: 31474835 PMCID: PMC6702968 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the possible neuroprotective effects of xenon treatment. The purpose of this study was to define the range of effective xenon ratio, most effective xenon ratio, and time-window for intervention in the kainic acid (KA) – induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model. Different ratios of xenon (35% xenon, 21% oxygen, 44% nitrogen, 50% xenon, 21% oxygen, 29% nitrogen, 70% xenon, 21% oxygen, and 9% nitrogen) were used to treat the KA-induced SE. Our results confirmed the anti-seizure role of 50 and 70% xenon mixture, with a stronger effect from the latter. Further, 70% xenon mixture was dispensed at three time points (0 min, 15 min delayed, and 30 min delayed) after KA administration, and the results indicated the anti-seizure effect at all treated time points. The results also established that the neuronal injury in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC), assessed using Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, were reversed by the xenon inhalation, and within 30 min after KA administration. Our study, therefore, indicates the appropriate effective xenon ratio and time-window for intervention that can depress seizures. The prevention of neuronal injury and further reversal of the loss of effective control of depress network in the hippocampus and EC may be the mechanisms underlying the anti-seizure effect of xenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xue Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Severe early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) associated with novel compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in SLC25A22: Case report and literature review. Seizure 2019; 70:56-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Lemattre C, Imbert-Bouteille M, Gatinois V, Benit P, Sanchez E, Guignard T, Tran Mau-Them F, Haquet E, Rivier F, Carme E, Roubertie A, Boland A, Lechner D, Meyer V, Thevenon J, Duffourd Y, Rivière JB, Deleuze JF, Wells C, Molinari F, Rustin P, Blanchet P, Geneviève D. Report on three additional patients and genotype-phenotype correlation in SLC25A22-related disorders group. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1692-1700. [PMID: 31285529 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) is a heterogeneous group of severe forms of age-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathies with onset during the first weeks or months of life. The interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) shows a "suppression burst" (SB) pattern. The prognosis is usually poor and most children die within the first two years or survive with very severe intellectual disabilities. EIEE type 3 is caused by variants affecting function, in SLC25A22, which is also responsible for epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS). We report a family with a less severe phenotype of EIEE type 3. We performed exome sequencing and identified two unreported variants in SLC25A22 in the compound heterozygous state: NM_024698.4: c.[813_814delTG];[818 G>A] (p.[Ala272Glnfs*144];[Arg273Lys]). Functional studies in cultured skin fibroblasts from a patient showed that glutamate oxidation was strongly defective, based on a literature review. We clustered the 18 published patients (including those from this family) into three groups according to the severity of the SLC25A22-related disorders. In an attempt to identify genotype-phenotype correlations, we compared the variants according to the location depending on the protein domains. We observed that patients with two variants located in helical transmembrane domains presented a severe phenotype, whereas patients with at least one variant outside helical transmembrane domains presented a milder phenotype. These data are suggestive of a continuum of disorders related to SLC25A22 that could be called SLC25A22-related disorders. This might be a first clue to enable geneticists to outline a prognosis based on genetic molecular data regarding the SLC25A22 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lemattre
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Imbert-Bouteille
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Gatinois
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Paule Benit
- Inserm UMR 1141 - PROTECT, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Sanchez
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France.,Unité Inserm, U1183, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Guignard
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Université de Bourgogne, CHRU Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Haquet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - François Rivier
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Carme
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Doris Lechner
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, Hôpital Couple-Enfant, Université de Grenoble, CHU de Grenoble, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Université de Bourgogne, CHRU Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Plateau Technique de Biologie, Université de Bourgogne, CHRU Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Constance Wells
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | | | - Pierre Rustin
- Inserm UMR 1141 - PROTECT, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48, Boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Blanchet
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Université de Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, France. .,Unité Inserm, U1183, CHU de Montpellier, France.
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Milh M, Riccardi F, Denis J. Genetics of neonatal onset epilepsies: An overview. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 176:2-9. [PMID: 31097300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.01.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The weight of monogenic abnormalities in the possible causes of epilepsy has grown significantly in recent years, due to the emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. Especially notable in early neonatal and infantile epilepsies, which seem to be explained by monogenic abnormalities. This short review focuses on the major genes associated with very early-onset epilepsies, where NGS techniques are most cost-effective: early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, early myoclonic encephalopathy, and other neonatal epilepsies. The discovery of the genetic mutation often follows several weeks or months of management, and rarely modifies it. However, clinical studies can sometimes better define medical treatment. The genetic causes of these epilepsies are very numerous and the pathophysiological knowledge very minimal. The big challenge for the coming years is to develop more targeted treatments based on research on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Milh
- Aix-Marseille université, Inserm, MMG, 58, boulevard Charles-Livon, 13009 Marseille, France; Pediatric neurology unit, Timone Children Hospital, AP-HM, 278, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - F Riccardi
- Pediatric neurology unit, Timone Children Hospital, AP-HM, 278, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - J Denis
- Pediatric neurology unit, Timone Children Hospital, AP-HM, 278, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France
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Du P, Liang H, Fu X, Wu P, Wang C, Chen H, Zheng B, Zhang J, Hu S, Zeng R, Liang B, Fang L. SLC25A22 promotes proliferation and metastasis by activating MAPK/ERK pathway in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 30814911 PMCID: PMC6376740 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SLC25A22, a member of mitochondrial carrier system (MCS) family encoding a mitochondrial glutamate transporter, has been reported to have vital roles in promoting proliferation and migration in cancer. Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common biliary tract malignancy and has a poor prognosis. We aimed to determine the expression and function of SLC25A22 in GBC. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted to determine the expression of SLC25A22 in GBC tissues. Human NOZ and GBC-SD cells were used to perform the experiments. The protein expression was detected by western-blot analysis. Cell viability was evaluated via CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion in vitro were investigated by wound healing and transwell assay. Annexin V/PI staining assay for apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The effect of SLC25A22 in vivo was conducted with subcutaneous xenograft. Results We indicated that the expression of SLC25A22 was significantly upregulated in GBC tumor tissues as well as cell lines. Downregulation of SLC25A22 inhibited GBC cell growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo and also had an effect on metastasis of GBC cells through the EMT processes. In addition, inhibition of SLC25A22 promoted mitochondrial apoptosis via downregulating BCL-2 and upregulating cleaved PARP, Cytochrome-c, and BAX mediated by MAPK/ERK pathway. Conclusions Our study identified that SLC25A22 promoted development of GBC activating MAPK/ERK pathway. SLC25A22 has a potential to be used as a target for cancer diagnosis of GBC and related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Du
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Haibin Liang
- 3Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- 4Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Peng Wu
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Haimin Chen
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Bingbing Zheng
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Shuanghui Hu
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Rengui Zeng
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Bo Liang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
| | - Lu Fang
- 1Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006 China
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