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Furuta T, Yamauchi K, Okamoto S, Takahashi M, Kakuta S, Ishida Y, Takenaka A, Yoshida A, Uchiyama Y, Koike M, Isa K, Isa T, Hioki H. Multi-scale light microscopy/electron microscopy neuronal imaging from brain to synapse with a tissue clearing method, ScaleSF. iScience 2022; 25:103601. [PMID: 35106459 PMCID: PMC8786651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is organized over sizes that span several orders of magnitude, from synapses to the entire brain. Thus, a technique to visualize neural circuits across multiple spatial scales (multi-scale neuronal imaging) is vital for deciphering brain-wide connectivity. Here, we developed this technique by coupling successive light microscopy/electron microscopy (LM/EM) imaging with a glutaraldehyde-resistant tissue clearing method, ScaleSF. Our multi-scale neuronal imaging incorporates (1) brain-wide macroscopic observation, (2) mesoscopic circuit mapping, (3) microscopic subcellular imaging, and (4) EM imaging of nanoscopic structures, allowing seamless integration of structural information from the brain to synapses. We applied this technique to three neural circuits of two different species, mouse striatofugal, mouse callosal, and marmoset corticostriatal projection systems, and succeeded in simultaneous interrogation of their circuit structure and synaptic connectivity in a targeted way. Our multi-scale neuronal imaging will significantly advance the understanding of brain-wide connectivity by expanding the scales of objects. Successive light microscopy/electron microscopy in optically cleared tissues Multi-scale neuronal imaging from the entire brain to individual synapses Simultaneous interrogation of neural circuit structure and synaptic connectivity Zooming-in to scarce synaptic contacts with the successive imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Furuta
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamauchi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Aya Takenaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Multi-Scale Brain Structure Imaging, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Schifferer M, Snaidero N, Djannatian M, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Niwaki Instead of Random Forests: Targeted Serial Sectioning Scanning Electron Microscopy With Reimaging Capabilities for Exploring Central Nervous System Cell Biology and Pathology. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:732506. [PMID: 34720890 PMCID: PMC8548362 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.732506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural analysis of discrete neurobiological structures by volume scanning electron microscopy (SEM) often constitutes a "needle-in-the-haystack" problem and therefore relies on sophisticated search strategies. The appropriate SEM approach for a given relocation task not only depends on the desired final image quality but also on the complexity and required accuracy of the screening process. Block-face SEM techniques like Focused Ion Beam or serial block-face SEM are "one-shot" imaging runs by nature and, thus, require precise relocation prior to acquisition. In contrast, "multi-shot" approaches conserve the sectioned tissue through the collection of serial sections onto solid support and allow reimaging. These tissue libraries generated by Array Tomography or Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy can be screened at low resolution to target high resolution SEM. This is particularly useful if a structure of interest is rare or has been predetermined by correlated light microscopy, which can assign molecular, dynamic and functional information to an ultrastructure. As such approaches require bridging mm to nm scales, they rely on tissue trimming at different stages of sample processing. Relocation is facilitated by endogenous or exogenous landmarks that are visible by several imaging modalities, combined with appropriate registration strategies that allow overlaying images of various sources. Here, we discuss the opportunities of using multi-shot serial sectioning SEM approaches, as well as suitable trimming and registration techniques, to slim down the high-resolution imaging volume to the actual structure of interest and hence facilitate ambitious targeted volume SEM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schifferer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minou Djannatian
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Ohta K, Hirashima S, Miyazono Y, Togo A, Nakamura KI. Correlation of organelle dynamics between light microscopic live imaging and electron microscopic 3D architecture using FIB-SEM. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:161-170. [PMID: 33216938 PMCID: PMC7989057 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) methods combined with live imaging can be applied to understand the dynamics of organelles. Although recent advances in cell biology and light microscopy have helped in visualizing the details of organelle activities, observing their ultrastructure or organization of surrounding microenvironments is a challenging task. Therefore, CLEM, which allows us to observe the same area as an optical microscope with an electron microscope, has become a key technique in cell biology. Unfortunately, most CLEM methods have technical drawbacks, and many researchers face difficulties in applying CLEM methods. Here, we propose a live three-dimensional CLEM method, combined with a three-dimensional reconstruction technique using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy tomography, as a solution to such technical barriers. We review our method, the associated technical limitations and the options considered to perform live CLEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ohta
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Shingo Hirashima
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyazono
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akinobu Togo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Multiscale ATUM-FIB Microscopy Enables Targeted Ultrastructural Analysis at Isotropic Resolution. iScience 2020; 23:101290. [PMID: 32622266 PMCID: PMC7334410 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume electron microscopy enables the ultrastructural analysis of biological tissue. Currently, the techniques involving ultramicrotomy (ATUM, ssTEM) allow large fields of view but afford only limited z-resolution, whereas ion beam-milling approaches (FIB-SEM) yield isotropic voxels but are restricted in volume size. Now we present a hybrid method, named ATUM-FIB, which combines the advantages of both approaches. ATUM-FIB is based on serial sectioning of tissue into “semithick” (2–10 μm) sections collected onto tape. Serial light and electron microscopy allows the identification of regions of interest that are then directly accessible for targeted FIB-SEM. The set of semithick sections thus represents a tissue “library” which provides three-dimensional context information that can be probed “on demand” by local high-resolution analysis. We demonstrate the potential of this technique to reveal the ultrastructure of rare but pathologically important events by identifying microglia contact sites with amyloid plaques in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Fast nanometer-resolution relocation and 3D imaging of preselected structures Transparent tape-based multiscale light and volume electron microscopy Heated ultramicrotomy at 2–10 μm with precured epoxy resin
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Wang C, Wei Y, Yuan Y, Yu Y, Xie K, Dong B, Shi Y, Wang G. The role of PI3K-mediated AMPA receptor changes in post-conditioning of propofol in brain protection. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:51. [PMID: 31570094 PMCID: PMC6771103 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the role of amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit trafficking, and activity changes in short-term neuroprotection provided by propofol post-conditioning. We also aimed to determine the role of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) in the regulation of these processes. METHODS Rats underwent 1 h of focal cerebral ischemia followed by 23 h of reperfusion were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 36 per group): sham- operation (S), ischemia-reperfusion (IR), propofol (P group, propofol 20 mg/kg/h at the onset of reperfusion for 2 h after 60 min of occlusion), and LY294002 (PI3K non-selective antagonist) + sham (L + S, LY294002 of 1.5 mg/kg was infused 30 min before sham operation), LY294002+ ischemia-reperfusion (L + IR, LY294002 of 1.5 mg/kg was infused 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion), LY294002 + IR + propofol (L + P, LY294002 of 1.5 mg/kg was infused 30 min before middle cerebral artery occlusion and propofol 20 mg/kg/h at the onset of reperfusion for 2 h after 60 min of occlusion). RESULTS Compared with group IR, rats in group P had significant lower neurologic defect scores and infarct volume. Additionally, consistent with enhanced expression of PI3K-AMPAR GluR2 subunit complex substances in ipsilateral hippocampus, GluR2 subunits showed increased levels in both the plasma and postsynaptic membranes of neurons, while pGluR2 expression was reduced in group P. Furthermore, LY294002, the PI3K non-selective antagonist, blocked those effects. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrated that propofol post-conditioning revealed acute neuroprotective role against transient MCAO in rats. The short-term neuroprotective effect was contributed by enhanced GluR2 subunits trafficking to membrane and postsynaptic membranes of neurons, as well as down-regulated the expression of pGluR2 in damaged hippocampus. Finally, the above-mentioned protective mechanism might be contributed by increased combination of PI3K to AMPAR GluR2 subunit, thus maintained the expression and activation of AMPAR GluR2 in the ipsilateral hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin People’s Hospital, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300191 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guolin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
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6
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Kuramoto E. Method for labeling and reconstruction of single neurons using Sindbis virus vectors. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 100:101648. [PMID: 31181303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal dendrites and axons are key substrates for the input and output of information, respectively, so establishing the precise and complete morphological description of dendritic and axonal processes of a single neuron is essential for understanding the neuron's functional role in the neuronal circuits. The whole structure of single neurons was originally revealed using Golgi staining, and later the intracellular labeling method was developed, although this is technically too difficult to stain entire neurons in vivo. Since the late 1980s, molecular biology techniques have been applied to neuroscience research, leading to the development of various virus vectors, such as the Sindbis and adeno-associated virus vectors, which have facilitated the reconstruction of neurons at a single cell level. In the present review, we focus on a method for labeling and reconstruction of single neurons using Sindbis virus vectors that express membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins. We describe in detail a protocol for single-neuron labeling using Sindbis virus vectors, and we provide an example of a recent project at our laboratory in which we successfully applied these methods to study thalamocortical projection neurons. Further, we discuss the strengths and limitations of Sindbis virus vectors for single neuron reconstruction, comparing them with adeno-associated virus vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Kuramoto
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Kubota Y, Sohn J, Kawaguchi Y. Large Volume Electron Microscopy and Neural Microcircuit Analysis. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 12:98. [PMID: 30483066 PMCID: PMC6240581 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One recent technical innovation in neuroscience is microcircuit analysis using three-dimensional reconstructions of neural elements with a large volume Electron microscopy (EM) data set. Large-scale data sets are acquired with newly-developed electron microscope systems such as automated tape-collecting ultramicrotomy (ATUM) with scanning EM (SEM), serial block-face EM (SBEM) and focused ion beam-SEM (FIB-SEM). Currently, projects are also underway to develop computer applications for the registration and segmentation of the serially-captured electron micrographs that are suitable for analyzing large volume EM data sets thoroughly and efficiently. The analysis of large volume data sets can bring innovative research results. These recently available techniques promote our understanding of the functional architecture of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Jaerin Sohn
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
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8
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Luckner M, Burgold S, Filser S, Scheungrab M, Niyaz Y, Hummel E, Wanner G, Herms J. Label-free 3D-CLEM Using Endogenous Tissue Landmarks. iScience 2018; 6:92-101. [PMID: 30240628 PMCID: PMC6137285 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging 3D correlative light and electron microscopy approaches enable studying neuronal structure-function relations at unprecedented depth and precision. However, established protocols for the correlation of light and electron micrographs rely on the introduction of artificial fiducial markers, such as polymer beads or near-infrared brandings, which might obscure or even damage the structure under investigation. Here, we report a general applicable "flat embedding" preparation, enabling high-precision overlay of light and scanning electron micrographs, using exclusively endogenous landmarks in the brain: blood vessels, nuclei, and myelinated axons. Furthermore, we demonstrate feasibility of the workflow by combining in vivo 2-photon microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to dissect the role of astrocytic coverage in the persistence of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Steffen Burgold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheungrab
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Yilmaz Niyaz
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Eric Hummel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.
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Noh S, Choi H, Kim JS, Kim I, Mun JY. Study of hyperpigmentation in human skin disorder using different electron microscopy techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:18-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Noh
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate SchoolEulji UniversityDaejeon 34824 Korea
| | - Hyosun Choi
- BK21 Plus Program, Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate SchoolEulji UniversityDaejeon 34824 Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Materials Characterization Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research InstituteGumi 39171 Korea
| | - Il‐Hwan Kim
- Department of DermatologyKorea University College of Medicine, Ansan HospitalAnsan Gyeonggi‐do 15355 Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Department of Structure and Function of Neural NetworkKorea Brain Research InstituteDaegu 41068 Korea
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10
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Two novel approaches to study arthropod anatomy by using dualbeam FIB/SEM. Micron 2018; 106:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Kubota Y, Sohn J, Hatada S, Schurr M, Straehle J, Gour A, Neujahr R, Miki T, Mikula S, Kawaguchi Y. A carbon nanotube tape for serial-section electron microscopy of brain ultrastructure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:437. [PMID: 29382816 PMCID: PMC5789869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated tape-collecting ultramicrotomy in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful approach for volume electron microscopy and three-dimensional neuronal circuit analysis. Current tapes are limited by section wrinkle formation, surface scratches and sample charging during imaging. Here we show that a plasma-hydrophilized carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tape effectively resolves these issues and produces SEM images of comparable quality to those from transmission electron microscopy. CNT tape can withstand multiple rounds of imaging, offer low surface resistance across the entire tape length and generate no wrinkles during the collection of ultrathin sections. When combined with an enhanced en bloc staining protocol, CNT tape-processed brain sections reveal detailed synaptic ultrastructure. In addition, CNT tape is compatible with post-embedding immunostaining for light and electron microscopy. We conclude that CNT tape can enable high-resolution volume electron microscopy for brain ultrastructure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Jaerin Sohn
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Sayuri Hatada
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Meike Schurr
- Department of Connectomics, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jakob Straehle
- Department of Connectomics, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anjali Gour
- Department of Connectomics, Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, D-60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralph Neujahr
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, ZEISS Microscopy Customer Center Europe, Rudolph-Eber-Str. 2, D- 873447, Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Takafumi Miki
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Shawn Mikula
- Electrons-Photons-Neurons, Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yasuo Kawaguchi
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
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Begemann I, Galic M. Correlative Light Electron Microscopy: Connecting Synaptic Structure and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:28. [PMID: 27601992 PMCID: PMC4993758 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many core paradigms of contemporary neuroscience are based on information obtained by electron or light microscopy. Intriguingly, these two imaging techniques are often viewed as complementary, yet separate entities. Recent technological advancements in microscopy techniques, labeling tools, and fixation or preparation procedures have fueled the development of a series of hybrid approaches that allow correlating functional fluorescence microscopy data and ultrastructural information from electron micrographs from a singular biological event. As correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) approaches become increasingly accessible, long-standing neurobiological questions regarding structure-function relation are being revisited. In this review, we will survey what developments in electron and light microscopy have spurred the advent of correlative approaches, highlight the most relevant CLEM techniques that are currently available, and discuss its potential and limitations with respect to neuronal and synapse-specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Begemann
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', (EXC 1003), University of Muenster, MuensterGermany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Hospital Münster, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
| | - Milos Galic
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 'Cells in Motion', (EXC 1003), University of Muenster, MuensterGermany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Hospital Münster, University of Muenster, MuensterGermany
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13
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Ichimura K, Kakuta S, Kawasaki Y, Miyaki T, Nonami T, Miyazaki N, Nakao T, Enomoto S, Arai S, Koike M, Murata K, Sakai T. Morphological process of podocyte development revealed by block-face scanning electron microscopy. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:132-142. [PMID: 27358478 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes present a unique 3D architecture specialized for glomerular filtration. However, several 3D morphological aspects on podocyte development remain partially understood because they are difficult to reveal using conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Here, we adopted serial block-face SEM imaging, a powerful tool for analyzing the 3D cellular ultrastructure, to precisely reveal the morphological process of podocyte development, such as the formation of foot processes. Development of foot processes gives rise to three morphological states: the primitive, immature and mature foot processes. Immature podocytes were columnar in shape and connected to each other by the junctional complex, which migrated toward the basal side of the cell. When the junctional complex was close to the basement membrane, immature podocytes started to interdigitate with primitive foot processes under the level of junctional complex. As primitive foot processes lengthened, the junctional complex moved between primitive foot processes to form immature foot processes. Finally, the junctional complex was gradually replaced by the slit diaphragm, resulting in the maturation of immature foot processes into mature foot processes. In conclusion, the developmental process of podocytes is now clearly visualized by block-face SEM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ichimura
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Center for Biomedical Research Resources, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuto Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyaki
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nonami
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyazaki
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Nakao
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Sakiko Enomoto
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeo Arai
- High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sakai
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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14
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Calì C, Baghabra J, Boges DJ, Holst GR, Kreshuk A, Hamprecht FA, Srinivasan M, Lehväslaiho H, Magistretti PJ. Three-dimensional immersive virtual reality for studying cellular compartments in 3D models from EM preparations of neural tissues. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:23-38. [PMID: 26179415 PMCID: PMC5042088 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the application of electron microscopy (EM) to serial imaging are opening doors to new ways of analyzing cellular structure. New and improved algorithms and workflows for manual and semiautomated segmentation allow us to observe the spatial arrangement of the smallest cellular features with unprecedented detail in full three-dimensions. From larger samples, higher complexity models can be generated; however, they pose new challenges to data management and analysis. Here we review some currently available solutions and present our approach in detail. We use the fully immersive virtual reality (VR) environment CAVE (cave automatic virtual environment), a room in which we are able to project a cellular reconstruction and visualize in 3D, to step into a world created with Blender, a free, fully customizable 3D modeling software with NeuroMorph plug-ins for visualization and analysis of EM preparations of brain tissue. Our workflow allows for full and fast reconstructions of volumes of brain neuropil using ilastik, a software tool for semiautomated segmentation of EM stacks. With this visualization environment, we can walk into the model containing neuronal and astrocytic processes to study the spatial distribution of glycogen granules, a major energy source that is selectively stored in astrocytes. The use of CAVE was key to the observation of a nonrandom distribution of glycogen, and led us to develop tools to quantitatively analyze glycogen clustering and proximity to other subcellular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Calì
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Baghabra
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Daniya J. Boges
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Glendon R. Holst
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI)University of Heidelberg69115 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Fred A. Hamprecht
- Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing (HCI)University of Heidelberg69115 HeidelbergGermany
| | - Madhusudhanan Srinivasan
- KAUST Visualization Lab (KVL)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Heikki Lehväslaiho
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering divisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955‐6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia
- Brain Mind InstituteÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1005 LausanneSwitzerland
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15
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Bosch C, Martínez A, Masachs N, Teixeira CM, Fernaud I, Ulloa F, Pérez-Martínez E, Lois C, Comella JX, DeFelipe J, Merchán-Pérez A, Soriano E. FIB/SEM technology and high-throughput 3D reconstruction of dendritic spines and synapses in GFP-labeled adult-generated neurons. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:60. [PMID: 26052271 PMCID: PMC4440362 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fine analysis of synaptic contacts is usually performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and its combination with neuronal labeling techniques. However, the complex 3D architecture of neuronal samples calls for their reconstruction from serial sections. Here we show that focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) allows efficient, complete, and automatic 3D reconstruction of identified dendrites, including their spines and synapses, from GFP/DAB-labeled neurons, with a resolution comparable to that of TEM. We applied this technology to analyze the synaptogenesis of labeled adult-generated granule cells (GCs) in mice. 3D reconstruction of dendritic spines in GCs aged 3–4 and 8–9 weeks revealed two different stages of dendritic spine development and unexpected features of synapse formation, including vacant and branched dendritic spines and presynaptic terminals establishing synapses with up to 10 dendritic spines. Given the reliability, efficiency, and high resolution of FIB/SEM technology and the wide use of DAB in conventional EM, we consider FIB/SEM fundamental for the detailed characterization of identified synaptic contacts in neurons in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Bosch
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron (VHIR) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Masachs
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Cátia M Teixeira
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Fernaud
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo Madrid, Spain ; Instituto Cajal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Madrid, Spain
| | - Fausto Ulloa
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Martínez
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lois
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Joan X Comella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron (VHIR) Barcelona, Spain ; Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier DeFelipe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo Madrid, Spain ; Instituto Cajal (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas) Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Merchán-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo Madrid, Spain ; Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Sistemas Informáticos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Informáticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Developmental Neurobiology and Regeneration Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Parc Cientific de Barcelona, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Insituto de Salul Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Universitari de la Vall d'Hebron (VHIR) Barcelona, Spain ; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats Academia Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Blazquez-Llorca L, Hummel E, Zimmerman H, Zou C, Burgold S, Rietdorf J, Herms J. Correlation of two-photon in vivo imaging and FIB/SEM microscopy. J Microsc 2015; 259:129-136. [PMID: 25786682 PMCID: PMC4672704 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of brain functions are closely linked to the technical developments in microscopy. In this study, we describe a correlative microscopy technique that offers a possibility of combining two-photon in vivo imaging with focus ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) techniques. Long-term two-photon in vivo imaging allows the visualization of functional interactions within the brain of a living organism over the time, and therefore, is emerging as a new tool for studying the dynamics of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, light microscopy has important limitations in revealing alterations occurring at the synaptic level and when this is required, electron microscopy is mandatory. FIB/SEM microscopy is a novel tool for three-dimensional high-resolution reconstructions, since it acquires automated serial images at ultrastructural level. Using FIB/SEM imaging, we observed, at 10 nm isotropic resolution, the same dendrites that were imaged in vivo over 9 days. Thus, we analyzed their ultrastructure and monitored the dynamics of the neuropil around them. We found that stable spines (present during the 9 days of imaging) formed typical asymmetric contacts with axons, whereas transient spines (present only during one day of imaging) did not form a synaptic contact. Our data suggest that the morphological classification that was assigned to a dendritic spine according to the in vivo images did not fit with its ultrastructural morphology. The correlative technique described herein is likely to open opportunities for unravelling the earlier unrecognized complexity of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blazquez-Llorca
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - site Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - E Hummel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Munich, Germany
| | | | - C Zou
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - site Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Burgold
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - site Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - J Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP) and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) - site Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Three-dimensional architecture of podocytes revealed by block-face scanning electron microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8993. [PMID: 25759085 PMCID: PMC4355681 DOI: 10.1038/srep08993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Block-face imaging is a scanning electron microscopic technique which enables easier acquisition of serial ultrastructural images directly from the surface of resin-embedded biological samples with a similar quality to transmission electron micrographs. In the present study, we analyzed the three-dimensional architecture of podocytes using serial block-face imaging. It was previously believed that podocytes are divided into three kinds of subcellular compartment: cell body, primary process, and foot process, which are simply aligned in this order. When the reconstructed podocytes were viewed from their basal side, the foot processes were branched from a ridge-like prominence, which was formed on the basal surface of the primary process and was similar to the usual foot processes in structure. Moreover, from the cell body, the foot processes were also emerged via the ridge-like prominence, as found in the primary process. The ridge-like prominence anchored the cell body and primary process to the glomerular basement membrane, and connected the foot processes to the cell body and primary process. In conclusion, serial block-face imaging is a powerful tool for clear understanding the three-dimensional architecture of podocytes through its ability to reveal novel structures which were difficult to determine by conventional transmission and scanning electron microscopes alone.
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18
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Kubota Y. New developments in electron microscopy for serial image acquisition of neuronal profiles. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 64:27-36. [PMID: 25564566 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in electron microscopy largely automate the continuous acquisition of serial electron micrographs (EMGs), previously achieved by laborious manual serial ultrathin sectioning using an ultramicrotome and ultrastructural image capture process with transmission electron microscopy. The new systems cut thin sections and capture serial EMGs automatically, allowing for acquisition of large data sets in a reasonably short time. The new methods are focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, ultramicrotome/serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, automated tape-collection ultramicrotome/scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope camera array. In this review, their positive and negative aspects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kubota
- Division of Cerebral Circuitry, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Myodaiji-Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan Department of Physiological Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Rennie MY, Gahan CG, López CS, Thornburg KL, Rugonyi S. 3D imaging of the early embryonic chicken heart with focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1111-1119. [PMID: 24742339 PMCID: PMC4349375 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Early embryonic heart development is a period of dynamic growth and remodeling, with rapid changes occurring at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. A detailed understanding of the events that establish the components of the heart wall has been hampered by a lack of methodologies for three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution imaging. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) is a novel technology for imaging 3D tissue volumes at the subcellular level. FIB-SEM alternates between imaging the block face with a scanning electron beam and milling away thin sections of tissue with a FIB, allowing for collection and analysis of 3D data. FIB-SEM was used to image the three layers of the day 4 chicken embryo heart: myocardium, cardiac jelly, and endocardium. Individual images obtained with FIB-SEM were comparable in quality and resolution to those obtained with transmission electron microscopy. Up to 1,100 serial images were obtained in 4 nm increments at 4.88 nm resolution, and image stacks were aligned to create volumes 800-1,500 μm3 in size. Segmentation of organelles revealed their organization and distinct volume fractions between cardiac wall layers. We conclude that FIB-SEM is a powerful modality for 3D subcellular imaging of the embryonic heart wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Y. Rennie
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Claudia S. López
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Multiscale-Microscopy Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kent L. Thornburg
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sandra Rugonyi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Developmental Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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