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Sasaki R, Ohta Y, Onoe H, Yamaguchi R, Miyamoto T, Tokuda T, Tamaki Y, Isa K, Takahashi J, Kobayashi K, Ohta J, Isa T. Balancing risk-return decisions by manipulating the mesofrontal circuits in primates. Science 2024; 383:55-61. [PMID: 38175903 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Decision-making is always coupled with some level of risk, with more pathological forms of risk-taking decisions manifesting as gambling disorders. In macaque monkeys trained in a high risk-high return (HH) versus low risk-low return (LL) choice task, we found that the reversible pharmacological inactivation of ventral Brodmann area 6 (area 6V) impaired the risk dependency of decision-making. Selective optogenetic activation of the mesofrontal pathway from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the ventral aspect of 6V resulted in stronger preference for HH, whereas activation of the pathway from the VTA to the dorsal aspect of 6V led to LL preference. Finally, computational decoding captured the modulations of behavioral preference. Our results suggest that VTA inputs to area 6V determine the decision balance between HH and LL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Sasaki
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Reona Yamaguchi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokuda
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamaki
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki-shi, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Takakuwa N, Isa K, Yamaguchi R, Onoe H, Takahashi J, Yoshida M, Isa T. Protocol for making an animal model of "blindsight" in macaque monkeys. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101960. [PMID: 36566381 PMCID: PMC9803826 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) can respond correctly to visual stimuli in their lesion-affected visual field above the chance level, an ability named blindsight. Here, we present a protocol for making an animal model of blindsight in macaque monkeys. We describe the steps to perform pre-lesion training of monkeys on a visual task, followed by lesion surgery, post-lesion training, and evaluation of blindsight. This animal model can be used to investigate the source of visual awareness. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yoshida et al. (2008)1 and Takakuwa et al. (2021).2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Takakuwa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Reona Yamaguchi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience (CHAIN), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Sawamura M, Onoe H, Tsukada H, Isa K, Yamakado H, Okuda S, Ikuno M, Hatanaka Y, Murayama S, Uemura N, Isa T, Takahashi R. Lewy Body Disease Primate Model with α-Synuclein Propagation from the Olfactory Bulb. Mov Disord 2022; 37:2033-2044. [PMID: 35989519 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lewy body diseases (LBDs), which are pathologically defined as the presence of intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-Syn) inclusions called Lewy bodies, encompass Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Autopsy studies have shown that the olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the regions where Lewy pathology develops and initiates its spread in the brain. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify how Lewy pathology spreads from the OB and affects brain functions using nonhuman primates. METHODS We inoculated α-Syn preformed fibrils into the unilateral OBs of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and performed pathological analyses, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography up to 6 months postinoculation. RESULTS Severe α-Syn pathology was observed within the olfactory pathway and limbic system, while mild α-Syn pathology was seen in a wide range of brain regions, including the substantia nigra pars compacta, locus coeruleus, and even dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The brain imaging analyses showed reduction in volume of the OB and progressive glucose hypometabolism in widespread brain regions, including the occipital lobe, and extended beyond the pathologically affected regions. CONCLUSIONS We generated a novel nonhuman primate LBD model with α-Syn propagation from the OB. This model suggests that α-Syn propagation from the OB is related to OB atrophy and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in LBDs. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital & Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Isa K, Tokuoka K, Ikeda S, Karimi S, Kobayashi K, Sooksawate T, Isa T. Amygdala Underlies the Environment Dependency of Defense Responses Induced via Superior Colliculus. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:768647. [PMID: 35069122 PMCID: PMC8776830 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.768647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we showed that the defense responses induced by the selective optogenetic activation of the uncrossed output pathway from the deeper layer of the superior colliculus were environment dependent in the mouse. In a small closed box, the stimulus frequently induced flight (fast forward run away) responses, while in a large open field, the stimulus tended to induce backward retreat responses. We tested a hypothesis that the amygdala is involved in such environment dependency of the innate defense responses. For this purpose, we made a bilateral lesion of the amygdala induced by the ibotenic acid injections in male mice. As a result, in the mice with lesions of substantial portions of the basolateral and basomedial complex, the flight responses in the closed box disappeared and retreat responses were mainly induced. The retreat responses on the open platform were unchanged. Classically, the amygdala has been considered to be involved in the memory-dependent contextual modulation of the fear responses. In contrast, the present results suggest a novel view on the role of the amygdala in which the amygdala plays a key role in sensing the current environmental setting for making a quick decision of action upon emergency, which is critical for survival in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kota Tokuoka
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakura Ikeda
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sara Karimi
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Thongchai Sooksawate
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Tadashi Isa
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Thongchai Sooksawate
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Furuta T, Yamauchi K, Okamoto S, Takahashi M, Kakuta S, Ishida Y, Takenaka A, Yoshida A, Uchiyama Y, Koike M, Isa K, Isa T, Hioki H. Multi-scale light microscopy/electron microscopy neuronal imaging from brain to synapse with a tissue clearing method, ScaleSF. iScience 2022; 25:103601. [PMID: 35106459 PMCID: PMC8786651 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is organized over sizes that span several orders of magnitude, from synapses to the entire brain. Thus, a technique to visualize neural circuits across multiple spatial scales (multi-scale neuronal imaging) is vital for deciphering brain-wide connectivity. Here, we developed this technique by coupling successive light microscopy/electron microscopy (LM/EM) imaging with a glutaraldehyde-resistant tissue clearing method, ScaleSF. Our multi-scale neuronal imaging incorporates (1) brain-wide macroscopic observation, (2) mesoscopic circuit mapping, (3) microscopic subcellular imaging, and (4) EM imaging of nanoscopic structures, allowing seamless integration of structural information from the brain to synapses. We applied this technique to three neural circuits of two different species, mouse striatofugal, mouse callosal, and marmoset corticostriatal projection systems, and succeeded in simultaneous interrogation of their circuit structure and synaptic connectivity in a targeted way. Our multi-scale neuronal imaging will significantly advance the understanding of brain-wide connectivity by expanding the scales of objects. Successive light microscopy/electron microscopy in optically cleared tissues Multi-scale neuronal imaging from the entire brain to individual synapses Simultaneous interrogation of neural circuit structure and synaptic connectivity Zooming-in to scarce synaptic contacts with the successive imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Furuta
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamauchi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Megumu Takahashi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Aya Takenaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Multi-Scale Brain Structure Imaging, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Corresponding author
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Zubair M, Murris SR, Isa K, Onoe H, Koshimizu Y, Kobayashi K, Vanduffel W, Isa T. Divergent Whole Brain Projections from the Ventral Midbrain in Macaques. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2913-2931. [PMID: 33558867 PMCID: PMC8107798 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the connectome of the axonal arborizations of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, we investigated the anterograde spread of highly sensitive viral tracers injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and adjacent areas in 3 macaques. In 2 monkeys, injections were centered on the lateral VTA with some spread into the substantia nigra, while in one animal the injection targeted the medial VTA with partial spread into the ventro-medial thalamus. Double-labeling with antibodies against transduced fluorescent proteins (FPs) and tyrosine hydroxylase indicated that substantial portions of transduced midbrain neurons were dopaminergic. Interestingly, cortical terminals were found either homogeneously in molecular layer I, or more heterogeneously, sometimes forming patches, in the deeper laminae II-VI. In the animals with injections in lateral VTA, terminals were most dense in somatomotor cortex and the striatum. In contrast, when the medial VTA was transduced, dense terminals were found in dorsal prefrontal and temporal cortices, while projections to striatum were sparse. In all monkeys, orbitofrontal and occipito-parietal cortex received strong and weak innervation, respectively. Thus, the dopaminergic ventral midbrain sends heterogeneous projections throughout the brain. Furthermore, our results suggest the existence of subgroups in meso-dopaminergic neurons depending on their location in the primate ventral midbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sjoerd R Murris
- Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koshimizu
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Laboratory of Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02144, USA
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Koshimizu Y, Isa K, Kobayashi K, Isa T. Double viral vector technology for selective manipulation of neural pathways with higher level of efficiency and safety. Gene Ther 2021; 28:339-350. [PMID: 33432122 PMCID: PMC8221994 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pathway-selective gene delivery would be critical for future gene therapy against neuropsychiatric disorders, traumatic neuronal injuries, or neurodegenerative diseases, because the impaired functions depend on neural circuits affected by the insults. Pathway-selective gene delivery can be achieved by double viral vector techniques, which combine an injection of a retrograde transport viral vector into the projection area of the target neurons and that of an anterograde viral vector into their somas. In this study, we tested the efficiency of gene delivery with different combinations of viral vectors to the pathway extending from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the cortical motor regions in rats, considered to be critical in the promotion of motor recovery from neural injuries. It was found that retrograde recombinant adeno-associated virus 2-retro (rAAV2reto) combined with anterograde AAVDJ (type2/type4/type5/type8/type9/avian/bovine/caprine chimera) exhibited the highest transduction efficiency in the short term (3-6 weeks) but high toxicity in the long term (3 months). In contrast, the same rAAV2reto combined with anterograde AAV5 displayed moderate transduction efficiency in the short term but low toxicity in the long term. These data suggest that the combination of anterograde AAV5 and retrograde rAAV2retro is suitable for safe and efficient gene delivery to the VTA-cortical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Koshimizu
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.419082.60000 0004 1754 9200Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.419082.60000 0004 1754 9200Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- grid.419082.60000 0004 1754 9200Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSOKENDAI (The Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Division of Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.419082.60000 0004 1754 9200Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Human Brain Research Center, Graduated School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Vancraeyenest P, Arsenault JT, Li X, Zhu Q, Kobayashi K, Isa K, Isa T, Vanduffel W. Selective Mesoaccumbal Pathway Inactivation Affects Motivation but Not Reinforcement-Based Learning in Macaques. Neuron 2020; 108:568-581.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Susaki EA, Shimizu C, Kuno A, Tainaka K, Li X, Nishi K, Morishima K, Ono H, Ode KL, Saeki Y, Miyamichi K, Isa K, Yokoyama C, Kitaura H, Ikemura M, Ushiku T, Shimizu Y, Saito T, Saido TC, Fukayama M, Onoe H, Touhara K, Isa T, Kakita A, Shibayama M, Ueda HR. Versatile whole-organ/body staining and imaging based on electrolyte-gel properties of biological tissues. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1982. [PMID: 32341345 PMCID: PMC7184626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-organ/body three-dimensional (3D) staining and imaging have been enduring challenges in histology. By dissecting the complex physicochemical environment of the staining system, we developed a highly optimized 3D staining imaging pipeline based on CUBIC. Based on our precise characterization of biological tissues as an electrolyte gel, we experimentally evaluated broad 3D staining conditions by using an artificial tissue-mimicking material. The combination of optimized conditions allows a bottom-up design of a superior 3D staining protocol that can uniformly label whole adult mouse brains, an adult marmoset brain hemisphere, an ~1 cm3 tissue block of a postmortem adult human cerebellum, and an entire infant marmoset body with dozens of antibodies and cell-impermeant nuclear stains. The whole-organ 3D images collected by light-sheet microscopy are used for computational analyses and whole-organ comparison analysis between species. This pipeline, named CUBIC-HistoVIsion, thus offers advanced opportunities for organ- and organism-scale histological analysis of multicellular systems. Tissue clearing has revolutionised histology, but limited penetration of antibodies and stains into thick tissue segments is still a bottleneck. Here, the authors characterise optically cleared tissue as an electrolyte gel and apply this knowledge to stain the entirety of thick tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuo A Susaki
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan.
| | - Chika Shimizu
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tainaka
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Neutron Science Laboratory, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kengo Nishi
- Neutron Science Laboratory, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ken Morishima
- Neutron Science Laboratory, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji L Ode
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan
| | - Yuki Saeki
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Yokoyama
- Laboratory for Brain Connectomics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitaura
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimizu
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 6-2-3, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka, 565-0874, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,ERATO Touhara Chemosensory Signal Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Neutron Science Laboratory, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan.
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10
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Kanzato N, Nakachi K, Seno H, Isa K. Usefulness of adenosine A2A receptor protein as a blood biomarker for newly developed Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Isa K, Oka K, Beauchamp N, Sato M, Wada K, Ohtani K, Nakanishi S, McCartney E, Tanaka M, Shimizu T, Kamiya S, Kruger C, Takahashi M. Safety assessment of the Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588® probiotic strain including evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity and presence of Clostridium toxin genes in vitro and teratogenicity in vivo. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:818-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327115607372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms ingested for the purpose of conferring a health benefit on the host. Development of new probiotics includes the need for safety evaluations that should consider factors such as pathogenicity, infectivity, virulence factors, toxicity, and metabolic activity. Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588® (CBM 588®), an anaerobic spore-forming bacterium, has been developed as a probiotic for use by humans and food animals. Safety studies of this probiotic strain have been conducted and include assessment of antimicrobial sensitivity, documentation of the lack of Clostridium toxin genes, and evaluation of CBM 588® on reproductive and developmental toxicity in a rodent model. With the exception of aminoglycosides, to which anaerobes are intrinsically resistant, CBM 588® showed sensitivity to all antibiotic classes important in human and animal therapeutics. In addition, analysis of the CBM 588® genome established the absence of genes for encoding for α, β, or ε toxins and botulin neurotoxins types A, B, E, or F. There were no deleterious reproductive and developmental effects observed in mice associated with the administration of CBM 588®. These data provide further support for the safety of CBM 588® for use as a probiotic in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Isa
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Oka
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - M Sato
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ohtani
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - S Nakanishi
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
- Deceased
| | | | - M Tanaka
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Shimizu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
- Deceased
| | - S Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Kruger
- Spherix Consulting, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M Takahashi
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Isa K, Sasaki K, Ogasawara K, Saito M, Tsuneyama H, Yabe R, Uchikawa M, Satake M. Prevalence ofRHDalleles in Japanese individuals with weak D phenotype: Identification of 20 newRHDalleles. Vox Sang 2016; 111:315-319. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Sasaki
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Saito
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tsuneyama
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Yabe
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Satake
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
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13
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Isa K, Yamamuro Y, Ogasawara K, Yabe R, Ogiyama Y, Ito S, Takahashi Y, Kominato Y, Sano R, Uchikawa M. Presence of nucleotide substitutions in the ABO promoter in individuals with phenotypes A3 and B3. Vox Sang 2015; 110:285-7. [PMID: 26529276 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the involvement of mutation and deletion of transcription regulatory elements in the Bm , Am , A3 and B3 phenotypes has been reported. In the present study, we carried out genetic analysis of individuals with A3 and B3 using peptide nucleic acid-clamping PCR to exclude amplification of O alleles. Two single-point mutations, -76G>C and -68G>T, were found in the ABO promoter on the A-allele in three A3 individuals and on the B allele in a B3 individual, respectively. Transient transfection of luciferase reporter plasmids carrying the same mutations into K562 cells revealed decreased luciferase activity in comparison with that carrying the wild-type promoter. These observations suggest that the mutations downregulate the promoter activity, leading to reduction in A- or B-antigen expression on red blood cells in individuals with the A3 and B3 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yamamuro
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Yabe
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ogiyama
- Japanese Red Cross Touhoku Block Blood Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Japanese Red Cross Touhoku Block Blood Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Y Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - R Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - M Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Ogasawara K, Sasaki K, Isa K, Tsuneyama H, Uchikawa M, Satake M, Tadokoro K. Weak D alleles in Japanese: a c.960G>A silent mutation in exon 7 of theRHDgene that affects D expression. Vox Sang 2015; 110:179-84. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Sasaki
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tsuneyama
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Satake
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Tadokoro
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
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15
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Ogasawara K, Suzuki Y, Sasaki K, Osabe T, Isa K, Tsuneyama H, Uchikawa M, Satake M, Tadokoro K. Molecular basis for D− Japanese: identification of novel DEL and D− alleles. Vox Sang 2015; 109:359-65. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Suzuki
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Sasaki
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Osabe
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tsuneyama
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Satake
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Tadokoro
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
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16
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Onodera T, Tsuneyama H, Ogasawara K, Isa K, Satake M, Tadokoro K, Uchikawa M. A novelDOnull allele with a c.268C>T (p.Gln90Stop) mutation in Japanese. Vox Sang 2015; 109:191-3. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Onodera
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tsuneyama
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Satake
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Tadokoro
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
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17
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Oda A, Isa K, Ogasawara K, Kameyama K, Okuda K, Hirashima M, Ishii H, Kimura K, Matsukura H, Hirayama F, Kawa K. A novel mutation of the GATA site in the erythroid cell-specific regulatory element of theABOgene in a blood donor with the AmB phenotype. Vox Sang 2014; 108:425-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Oda
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross; Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross; Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kameyama
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Okuda
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Hirashima
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - H. Ishii
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Kimura
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - H. Matsukura
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - F. Hirayama
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Kawa
- Japanese Red Cross; Kinki Block Blood Center; Osaka Japan
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18
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Sano R, Kuboya E, Nakajima T, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Kubo R, Kominato Y, Takeshita H, Yamao H, Kishida T, Isa K, Ogasawara K, Uchikawa M. A 3·0-kb deletion including an erythroid cell-specific regulatory element in intron 1 of the ABO blood group gene in an individual with the Bmphenotype. Vox Sang 2014; 108:310-3. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - E. Kuboya
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - T. Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Y. Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - R. Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Y. Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - H. Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine; Shimane University School of Medicine; Izumo Japan
| | | | - T. Kishida
- Department of Legal Medicine; Oita University; Yuhu Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
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19
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Onodera T, Sasaki K, Tsuneyama H, Isa K, Ogasawara K, Satake M, Tadokoro K, Uchikawa M. JK null alleles identified from Japanese individuals with Jk(a−b−) phenotype. Vox Sang 2014; 106:382-4. [PMID: 24877238 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Kidd blood group system consists of three common phenotypes: Jk(a+b−), Jk(a−b+) and Jk(a+b+), and one rare phenotype, Jk(a−b−). Jka/Jkb polymorphism is associated with c.838G>A (p.Asp280Asn) in exon 9 of the JK (SLC14A1) gene, and the corresponding alleles are named JK*01 and JK*02. The rare phenotype Jk(a−b−) was first found in a Filipina of Spanish and Chinese ancestry, and to date, several JK null alleles responsible for the Jk(a−b−) phenotype have been reported. We report seven novel JK null alleles, 4 with a JK*01 background and 3 with a JK*02 background, identified from Jk(a−b−) Japanese.
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20
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Takahashi Y, Isa K, Sano R, Nakajima T, Kubo R, Takahashi K, Kominato Y, Michino J, Masuno A, Tsuneyama H, Ito S, Ogasawara K, Uchikawa M. Presence of nucleotide substitutions in transcriptional regulatory elements such as the erythroid cell-specific enhancer-like element and theABOpromoter in individuals with phenotypes A3and B3, respectively. Vox Sang 2014; 107:171-80. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi-shi Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi-shi Japan
| | - T. Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi-shi Japan
| | - R. Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi-shi Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi-shi Japan
| | - Y. Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi-shi Japan
| | - J. Michino
- Department of Blood Transfusion Service; Toyama University Hospital; Toyama Japan
| | - A. Masuno
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Tsuneyama
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Ito
- Japanese Red Cross Touhoku Block Blood Center; Miyagi Japan
| | - K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
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21
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Wanakhachornkrai O, Umeda T, Isa K, Tantisira MH, Tantisira B, Isa T. Reorganization of sensory pathways after neonatal hemidecortication in rats. Neurosci Res 2013; 79:94-8. [PMID: 24252619 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated ascending somatosensory pathways in neonatally hemidecorticated rats. Injection of an anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the contralesional dorsal root ganglions revealed ipsilateral projections to the dorsal column nuclei (DCN) in hemidecorticated rats as well as in normal rats. Injection of BDA into the DCN on the same side revealed that while most axons projected to the contralateral thalamus, some axons were detected in the ipsilateral thalamus in hemidecorticated rats while such projections were rarely detected in normal rats. The results suggest that aberrant ipsilateral projections of DCN neurons contralateral to the lesion developed after the hemidecortication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraphan Wanakhachornkrai
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan; Physiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Inter-disciplinary Program of Physiology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatsuya Umeda
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mayuree H Tantisira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Boonyong Tantisira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduated University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Japan; Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
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22
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Sooksawate T, Isa K, Matsui R, Kato S, Kinoshita M, Kobayashi K, Watanabe D, Kobayashi K, Isa T. Viral vector-mediated selective and reversible blockade of the pathway for visual orienting in mice. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:162. [PMID: 24130520 PMCID: PMC3795302 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, by using a combination of two viral vectors, we developed a technique for pathway-selective and reversible synaptic transmission blockade, and successfully induced a behavioral deficit of dexterous hand movements in macaque monkeys by affecting a population of spinal interneurons. To explore the capacity of this technique to work in other pathways and species, and to obtain fundamental methodological information, we tried to block the crossed tecto-reticular pathway, which is known to control orienting responses to visual targets, in mice. A neuron-specific retrograde gene transfer vector with the gene encoding enhanced tetanus neurotoxin (eTeNT) tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of a tetracycline responsive element was injected into the left medial pontine reticular formation. 7-17 days later, an adeno-associated viral vector with a highly efficient Tet-ON sequence, rtTAV16, was injected into the right superior colliculus. 5-9 weeks later, the daily administration of doxycycline (Dox) was initiated. Visual orienting responses toward the left side were impaired 1-4 days after Dox administration. Anti-GFP immunohistochemistry revealed that a number of neurons in the intermediate and deep layers of the right superior colliculus were positively stained, indicating eTeNT expression. After the termination of Dox administration, the anti-GFP staining returned to the baseline level within 28 days. A second round of Dox administration, starting from 28 days after the termination of the first Dox administration, resulted in the reappearance of the behavioral impairment. These findings showed that pathway-selective and reversible blockade of synaptic transmission also causes behavioral effects in rodents, and that the crossed tecto-reticular pathway clearly controls visual orienting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thongchai Sooksawate
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences Okazaki, Japan ; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, Thailand
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Takahashi Y, Isa K, Sano R, Nakajima T, Kubo R, Takahashi K, Kominato Y, Tsuneyama H, Ogasawara K, Uchikawa M. Deletion of the RUNX1 binding site in the erythroid cell-specific regulatory element of the ABO gene in two individuals with the Am phenotype. Vox Sang 2013; 106:167-75. [PMID: 23992526 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An erythroid cell-specific regulatory element, referred to as the +5·8-kb site, had been identified in the first intron of the human ABO blood group gene. Subsequent studies revealed that either a 5·8-kb deletion including the +5·8-kb site or disruption of a GATA factor binding motif at the site was present in all Bm and ABm individuals examined. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the Am phenotype, which is analogous to the Bm phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNAs were prepared from peripheral blood of two Am individuals, and the nucleotide sequences were investigated using PCR and direct sequencing. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and promoter assay with K562 cells were carried out. RESULTS A novel 23-bp nucleotide deletion was found at the +5·8-kb site in both individuals. EMSAs demonstrated binding of the transcription factor RUNX1 to the nucleotides within the deletion. Promoter assays showed that the deletion reduced the transcriptional activity of the +5·8-kb site. CONCLUSION Deletion of the 23-bp nucleotides including the RUNX1 binding site decreases transcription of the A allele, resulting in the reduction in A antigen expression in the Am phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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24
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Kinoshita M, Matsui R, Kato S, Hasegawa T, Kasahara H, Isa K, Watakabe A, Yamamori T, Nishimura Y, Alstermark B, Watanabe D, Kobayashi K, Isa T. Genetic dissection of the circuit for hand dexterity in primates. Nature 2012; 487:235-8. [PMID: 22722837 DOI: 10.1038/nature11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the direct connection from the motor cortex to spinal motor neurons is responsible for dexterous hand movements in primates. However, the role of the 'phylogenetically older' indirect pathways from the motor cortex to motor neurons, mediated by spinal interneurons, remains elusive. Here we used a novel double-infection technique to interrupt the transmission through the propriospinal neurons (PNs), which act as a relay of the indirect pathway in macaque monkeys (Macaca fuscata and Macaca mulatta). The PNs were double infected by injection of a highly efficient retrograde gene-transfer vector into their target area and subsequent injection of adeno-associated viral vector at the location of cell somata. This method enabled reversible expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged tetanus neurotoxin, thereby permitting the selective and temporal blockade of the motor cortex–PN–motor neuron pathway. This treatment impaired reach and grasp movements, revealing a critical role for the PN-mediated pathway in the control of hand dexterity. Anti-GFP immunohistochemistry visualized the cell bodies and axonal trajectories of the blocked PNs, which confirmed their anatomical connection to motor neurons. This pathway-selective and reversible technique for blocking neural transmission does not depend on cell-specific promoters or transgenic techniques, and is a new and powerful tool for functional dissection in system-level neuroscience studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Kinoshita
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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Abstract
The direction and amplitude of saccadic eye movements are determined by the location of the center of gravity of burst activity over a neuronal population on the spatial map of the intermediate gray layer (SGI) of the superior colliculus (SC). GABAergic interneurons might play critical roles in shaping the activation field on the topographical map but, to understand the mechanism, basic information on the organization of inhibitory circuits is essential. In the present study, we investigated the electrophysiological and morphological properties of GABAergic neurons in SGI by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and intracellular staining using biocytin in GAD67-GFP knock-in mice (PND17-22), in which GABAergic neurons specifically express GFP fluorescence. The most common firing properties among these GABAergic neurons (n=231) were fast spiking (58%), followed by burst spiking (29%), late spiking (8%) and, the least common, regular spiking (2%) and rapid spike inactivation (3%). Morphological analysis of axonal trajectories of intracellularly-labeled GABAergic neurons revealed three major subclasses: (i) intralaminar interneurons, which were further divided into two subclasses, local and horizontal interneurons; (ii) interlaminar interneurons; and (iii) commissural and tectofugal neurons. These results reveal distinct subsets of GABAergic neurons including neurons that mediate local and long-range inhibition in the SC, neurons that potentially modulate visual and other sensory inputs to the SC, and neurons that project to nuclei outside the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thongchai Sooksawate
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Umeda T, Takahashi M, Isa K, Isa T. Formation of descending pathways mediating cortical command to forelimb motoneurons in neonatally hemidecorticated rats. J Neurophysiol 2010; 104:1707-16. [PMID: 20660415 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00968.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatally hemidecorticated rats show fairly normal reaching and grasping behaviors of the forelimb contralateral to the lesion at the adult stage. Previous experiments using an anterograde tracer showed that the corticospinal fibers originating from the sensorimotor cortex of the intact side projected aberrant collaterals to the spinal gray matter on the ipsilateral side. The present study used electrophysiological methods to investigate whether the aberrant projections of the corticospinal tract mediated the pyramidal excitation to the ipsilateral forelimb motoneurons and, if so, which pathways mediate the effect in the hemidecorticated rats. Electrical stimulation to the intact medullary pyramid elicited bilateral negative field potentials in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In intracellular recordings of forelimb motoneurons, oligosynaptic pyramidal excitation was detected on both sides of the spinal cord in the hemidecorticated rats, whereas pyramidal excitation of motoneurons on the side ipsilateral to the stimulation was much smaller in normal rats. By lesioning the dorsal funiculus at the upper cervical level, we clarified that the excitation was transmitted to the ipsilateral motoneurons by at least two pathways: one via the corticospinal tract and spinal interneurons and the other via the cortico-reticulo-spinal pathways. These results suggested that in the neonatally hemidecorticated rats, the forelimb movements on the side contralateral to the lesion were modulated by motor commands through the indirect ipsilateral descending pathways from the sensorimotor cortex of the intact side either via the spinal interneurons or reticulospinal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Umeda
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Department of Developmental Physiology, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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27
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Kinoshita M, Kaneda K, Kasahara H, Hatanaka N, Matsui R, Chiken S, Isa K, Mizukami H, Ozawa K, Watanabe D, Nambu A, Isa T. Optogenetically induced suppression of neural activity in the macaque motor cortex. Neurosci Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Takahashi M, Vattanajun A, Umeda T, Isa K, Isa T. Large-scale reorganization of corticofugal fibers after neonatal hemidecortication for functional restoration of forelimb movements. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 30:1878-87. [PMID: 19895560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As an experimental model to study the mechanism of large-scale network plasticity of the juvenile brain, functional compensation after neonatal brain damage was studied in rats that received unilateral decortication at postnatal day 5. These animals exhibited a marked ability in reaching and grasping movements in the contralesional side of the forelimb when tested at 10-14 weeks of age. Additional lesion of the sensorimotor cortex in the remaining contralesional hemisphere at this stage resulted in severe impairment of both forelimbs. It was suggested that the sensorimotor cortex on the contralesional side was controlling the movements of both forelimbs. Following the injection of an anterograde tracer into the remaining sensorimotor cortex, the corticofugal axons from the remaining sensorimotor cortex were found to issue aberrant projections to the contralateral red nucleus, contralateral superior colliculus, contralateral pontine nuclei, ipsilateral dorsal column nucleus and ipsilateral gray matter of the cervical spinal cord, all of which appeared to be necessary for the control of contralesional forelimb movements. These results suggest that the forelimb movements on the contralesional side were compensated by large-scale reorganization of the corticofugal axons from the remaining sensorimotor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Takahashi
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Neurons in the intermediate gray layer (SGI) of mammalian superior colliculus (SC) receive cholinergic innervation from the brain stem parabrachial region, which seems to modulate the signal processing in the SC. To clarify its role particularly in orienting behaviors, we studied cholinergic effects on the major output neuron group of the SGI, crossed tecto-reticular neurons (cTRNs), identified by retrograde labeling from the contralateral brain stem gaze center in SC slices obtained from rats (PND 17-22) by whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Bath application of carbachol induced either 1) nicotinic inward (nIN) + muscarinic inward (mIN) (11/24) or 2) nIN + mIN + muscarinic outward (mOUT) (13/24) current responses. Transient pressure application of 1 mM acetylcholine elicited nIN in all neurons tested (n = 58). In a majority of these neurons (52/58), the nIN was completely suppressed by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a specific antagonist for alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor subtype. The remaining 6/58 neurons exhibited not only the slower alpha4beta2 receptor-mediated component but also a faster component that was inhibited by a specific antagonist for alpha7 nicotinic receptor, alpha-bungarotoxin. cTRNs expressing alpha7 nicotinic receptors tended to be smaller in size than those lacking alpha7 receptors. Bath application of muscarine induced two response patterns: mIN only (17/38) and mIN+ mOUT (21/38). The mIN and mOUT were mediated by M3 (plus M1) and M2 muscarinic receptors, respectively. These results suggest that a major response to cholinergic inputs to cTRNs is excitatory. This would indicate the facilitatory role of the brain stem cholinergic system in the execution of orienting behaviors including saccadic eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thongchai Sooksawate
- Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Takahashi M, Anusara V, Isa K, Satomi K, Isa T. 30. Neural mechanism of functional restoration of the forelimb movements in animals with neonatal unilateral decortication. Clin Neurophysiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Neurons in the superficial gray layer (SGS) of the superior colliculus receive visual input and excite intermediate layer (SGI) neurons that play a critical role in initiating rapid orienting movements of the eyes, called saccades. In the present study, two types of experiments demonstrate that a population of SGI neurons gives rise to a reciprocal pathway that inhibits neurons in SGS. First, in GAD67-GFP knockin mice, GABAergic SGI neurons that expressed GFP fluorescence were injected with the tracer biocytin to reveal their axonal projections. Axons arising from GFP-positive neurons in SGI terminated densely in SGS. Next, SGI neurons in rats and mice were stimulated by using the photolysis of caged glutamate, and in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to measure the responses evoked in SGS cells. Large, synaptically mediated outward currents were evoked in SGS neurons. These currents were blocked by gabazine, confirming that they were GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents. This inhibitory pathway from SGI transiently suppresses visual activity in SGS, which in turn could have multiple effects. These effects could include reduction of perceptual blurring during saccades as well as prevention of eye movements that might be spuriously triggered by the sweep of the visual field across the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Psyche H. Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Thongchai Sooksawate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; and
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kaoru Isa
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; and
| | - Tadashi Isa
- Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
| | - William C. Hall
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: or
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Vattanajun A, Takahashi M, Isa K, Isa T. Plasticity for functional restoration of forelimb movements following neonatal unilateral decortication. Neurosci Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Takahashi I, Nishiuchi K, Miyamoto R, Hatanaka M, Uchida H, Isa K, Sakushima A, Hosoi S. Reaction Systems Peripheral to the 1:2 Mannich Condensation Reaction between o-Phthalaldehyde and Primary Amine. LETT ORG CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178053400216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
It is generally believed that a homonymous defect of macular vision (HMV) is caused by a small lesion restricted to the occipital lobe tip and rarely results from ischemic stroke. The incidence of HMV was studied retrospectively in 54 patients with infarction of the posterior cerebral artery territory who underwent Goldmann's visual field test. HMV was found in 6 patients (11%). In all of them, HMV was first dismissed due to a confrontation test of visual fields at the bedside and later detected by Goldmann's visual field test. All had a relatively large infarction extending from the occipital lobe tip to the posterior part of the calcarine cortex and/or the neighboring subcortical regions. Stroke-induced HMV can be caused by a large lesion involving the occipital pole and may not be so rare as generally considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Isa
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, Fukui University, Japan.
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36
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Koga M, Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yasaka M, Isa K, Yamaguchi T. Transoral carotid ultrasonographic findings in internal carotid artery dissection--a case report. Angiology 2000; 51:699-703. [PMID: 10959523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Transoral carotid ultrasonography (TOCU) is a new method to evaluate the far distal segment of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and may be superior to conventional carotid ultrasonography in evaluating ICA dissection. The authors report on the use of TOCU in detecting early stage ICA dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koga
- Department of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan.
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Isa K, Kimura K, Yasaka M, Minematsu K, Yamaguchi T. [A case with frequent episodes of transient ischemic attack presenting the Wallenberg syndrome before and after the onset of brain infarction]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1999; 39:573-6. [PMID: 10424153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
A 52-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and smoking habit, experienced transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) with symptoms of left orbital pain, left blepharoptosis and hoarseness lasting for five minutes on March 10, 1997. Subsequently, the same symptoms repeated once or twice daily. On March 28, he had dysphagia, numbness and disturbance of pain and temperature sensation (segmental dissociated sensory disturbance) on the right side of the body above the level of the Th10, the right upper limb and face. The deficits persisted for more than 24 hours. Angiographic studies revealed an occlusion of the left vertebral artery immediately after branching of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. MRI demonstrated a hyperintense lesion on MRI T2 weighted image in the left lateral medulla. About three months after the completed stroke, he had six episodes of TIAs of left Horner's sign and hoarseness. To our knowledge, this is the rare case that had frequent TIAs presenting the Wallenberg syndrome before and after the onset of lateral medullary infarction. We speculate that the TIAs resulted from microembolism from the proximal end of occluted left vertebral artery and failure of the microcirculation in and around the lateral portion of the medulla oblongata.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We attempted ultrasonographic evaluation of the distal extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) using the transoral method (transoral carotid ultrasonography [TOCU]). METHODS The subjects consisted of five healthy volunteers and seven stroke patients. Examinations were performed with a color Doppler flow imaging system equipped with convex array transducers (7 or 9.5 MHz), originally designed for transrectal use. After local anesthesia of the pharynx, we inserted a probe covered with thin gum transorally, touching the tip to the pharyngeal posterolateral wall. We then attempted to detect the ICA and measure flow velocity of the distal extracranial ICA using principal images obtained by TOCU. RESULTS TOCU was successfully performed in all subjects without any difficulty. In the healthy volunteers, the ICA was identified at a depth of 2.2+/-0.6 cm and visualized as a vertical linear vessel 2.9+/-0.3 cm in length and bent slightly backward. The diameter and mean flow velocity of the distal extracranial ICA were 4.7+/-0.2 mm and 50+/-7 cm/s, respectively. In the stroke patients, some remarkable findings were obtained, including a narrow ICA with low flow velocity in a patient with possible ICA dissection, a lucent echo without flow signal in a patient with acute cardioembolic ICA occlusion, and decreased ICA flow velocity in a patient with ipsilateral MCA stenosis. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data demonstrate the potential applicability of TOCU to the evaluation of flow in the far distal extracranial ICA. TOCU definitely warrants further investigation in patients with carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yasaka
- Department of Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Fujiwara K, Isa K, Oka T, Maekawajiri S, Yamane A, Akaza T, Tadokoro K, Juji T, Shibata Y, Tokunaga K. Large-scale DNA typing for human platelet alloantigens by PCR-PHFA (preferential homoduplex formation assay). Br J Haematol 1996; 95:198-203. [PMID: 8857961 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alloimmunization against human platelet alloantigens (HPA) is known to be involved in disorders such as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, posttransfusion purpura, and refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy. HPA typing is essential in diagnosis and management of patients. Therefore a reliable and speedy method is necessary for HPA typing. We have successfully applied a new DNA typing method, PCR-preferential homoduplex formation assay (PHFA) method, to typing for the HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6 systems. This method is based on DNA strand competition during hybridization under a precisely controlled temperature gradient between a double-labelled amplicon (standard DNA), prepared from biotin- and DNP-labelled primers, and an unlabelled amplicon (sample DNA). The results obtained by PCR-PHFA typing were in good agreement with the allotypes determined by serological typing and by other DNA typing methods. The PCR-PHFA method can be easily automated, is suitable for typing both small and large numbers of samples, and thus is applicable to routine HPA typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujiwara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Centre, Tokyo, Japan
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Kobayashi S, Isa K, Hayashi K, Inoue HK, Uyemura K, Shirao T. K252a, a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibits the migration of cerebellar granule cells in vitro. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 1995; 90:122-8. [PMID: 8719335 DOI: 10.1016/0165-3806(96)83492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the cellular mechanisms of migrating neurons, we developed an assay system in vitro, using an aggregation culture of developing granule cells from the rat cerebellum. This assay system allowed us to eliminate the effects of various factors other than neurons and to examine the direct effects of individual molecules on neuronal migration. In this assay system, we examined the effects of several protein kinase inhibitors on cerebellar granule cell migration, and revealed that K252a, an inhibitor of protein kinases and of the actions of neurotrophins, inhibited the migration. Within 5 min after the addition of K252a to the culture medium, most of the migrating spindle-shaped cells changed into non-migrating large and polygonal cells, which had many microspikes. Staining with rhodamine-phalloidin revealed the appearance of actin bundles that resembled stress fibers within these large cells. On the other hand, extension of neurites was not severely inhibited by the addition of K252a. These results suggest that the migration is regulated by a different mechanism from that of neurite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobayashi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan
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Fujiwara K, Tokunaga K, Isa K, Miyamoto M, Wang L, Akaza T, Tadokoroo K, Shibata Y, Juji T. DNA-based typing of human platelet antigen systems by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism method. Vox Sang 1995; 69:347-51. [PMID: 8751305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method has been established to discriminate genotypes for the human platelet antigen (HPA) systems HPA-1, HPA-2, HPA-3, HPA-4, and HPA-5. Gene fragments which contain polymorphic sequences corresponding to the HPA-1, HPA-2, HPA-3, HPA-4, and HPA-5 systems were PCR-amplified with specific primers. The amplified DNA was denatured and subjected to non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The results obtained by the PCR-SSCP method were in good agreement with those of the allotypes determined by serological typing. Furthermore, the results agreed with those obtained by other DNA-based typing methods such as PCR-allele-specific restriction enzyme analysis and PCR-sequence-specific primer. These results indicate that PCR-SSCP is a simple and sensitive method for determining HPA genotypes and identifying unknown polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fujiwara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakagawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
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Shirao T, Hayashi K, Ishikawa R, Isa K, Asada H, Ikeda K, Uyemura K. Formation of thick, curving bundles of actin by drebrin A expressed in fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 1994; 215:145-53. [PMID: 7957662 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1994.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Drebrin A is a neuron-specific protein, the expression of which is regulated during development. Upon transfection of fibroblasts with drebrin A cDNA, the protein is expressed at high levels in fibroblasts and the outgrowth of highly branched, neurite-like cell processes is induced. In this report, we describe a biochemical examination of the binding of drebrin A to actin filaments. We also demonstrate by an immunocytochemical method that, when drebrin A is expressed in transfected cells, it binds to actin filaments and is concentrated in cell processes. Furthermore, we provide evidence that thick, curving bundles of actin together with drebrin are formed in some of the transfected cells. Our results suggest that the actin filaments that bind drebrin might be a novel class of actin filaments and might play a role in neuronal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Matsuyama T, Kaneda K, Nakagawa Y, Isa K, Hara-Hotta H, Yano I. A novel extracellular cyclic lipopeptide which promotes flagellum-dependent and -independent spreading growth of Serratia marcescens. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:1769-76. [PMID: 1548227 PMCID: PMC205777 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.6.1769-1776.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Serrawettin W2, a surface-active exolipid produced by nonpigmented Serratia marcescens NS 25, was examined for its chemical structure and physiological functions. The chemical structure was determined by degradation analyses, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serrawettin W2 was shown to be a novel cyclodepsipeptide containing a fatty acid (3-hydroxydecanoic acid) and five amino acids. The peptide was proposed to be D-leucine (N-bonded to the carboxylate of the fatty acid)-L-serine-L-threonine-D-phenylalanine-L-isoleucine (bonded to the 3-hydroxyl group). By examining the effects of isolated serrawettin W2 on serrawettinless mutants, this lipopeptide was shown to be active in the promotion of flagellum-independent spreading growth of the bacteria on a hard agar surface. The parent strain NS 25 formed a giant colony with a self-similar characteristic after incubation for a relatively long time (1 to 2 weeks), similar to other fractal colony-producing strains of S. marcescens (producers of the different serrawettins W1 and W3). On a semisolid medium that permitted flagellum-dependent spreading growth, an external supply of serrawettin W2 accelerated surface translocation of a serrawettinless mutant during a short period (12 h) of observation. In contrast, bacterial translocation in the subsurface space of the semisolid agar was not enhanced by serrawettins. Thus, the extracellular lipids seem to contribute specifically to the surface translocation of the bacteria by exhibiting surfactant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuyama
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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van der Peyl GJQ, Isa K, Haverkamp J, Kistemaker PG. Gas phase ion/molecule reactions in laser desorption mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210160912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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