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Li Q, Zhang N. Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1411-1423. [PMID: 37261489 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sex-related differences can be found in many brain disorders and psychophysiological traits, highlighting the importance to systematically understand the sex differences in brain function in humans and animal models. Despite emerging effort to address sex differences in behaviors and disease models in rodents, how brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) patterns differ between male and female rats remains largely unknown. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate regional and systems-level differences between female and male rats. Our data show that female rats display stronger hypothalamus connectivity, whereas male rats exhibit more prominent striatum-related connectivity. At the global scale, female rats demonstrate stronger segregation within the cortical and subcortical systems, while male rats display more prominent cortico-subcortical interactions, particularly between the cortex and striatum. Taken together, these data provide a comprehensive framework of sex differences in resting-state connectivity patterns in the awake rat brain, and offer a reference for studies aiming to reveal sex-related FC differences in different animal models of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, 16802, USA.
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2
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Li Q, Zhang N. Sex differences in resting-state functional networks in awake rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2684325. [PMID: 36993730 PMCID: PMC10055639 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2684325/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Sex-related differences can be found in many brain disorders and psychophysiological traits, highlighting the importance to systematically understand the sex differences in brain function in humans and animal models. Despite emerging effort to address sex differences in behaviors and disease models in rodents, how brain-wide functional connectivity (FC) patterns differ between male and female rats remains largely unknown. Here we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) to investigate regional and systems-level differences between female and male rats. Our data show that female rats display stronger hypothalamus connectivity, whereas male rats exhibit more prominent striatum-related connectivity. At the global scale, female rats demonstrate stronger segregation within the cortical and subcortical systems, while male rats display more prominent cortico-subcortical interactions, particularly between the cortex and striatum. Taken together, these data provide a comprehensive framework of sex differences in resting-state connectivity patterns in the awake rat brain, and offer a reference for studies aiming to reveal sex-related FC differences in different animal models of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- The Pennsylvania State University
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3
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Seitz J, Cetin-Karayumak S, Lyall A, Pasternak O, Baxi M, Vangel M, Pearlson G, Tamminga C, Sweeney J, Clementz B, Schretlen D, Viher PV, Stegmayer K, Walther S, Lee J, Crow T, James A, Voineskos A, Buchanan RW, Szeszko PR, Malhotra A, Keshavan M, Koerte IK, Shenton ME, Rathi Y, Kubicki M. Investigating Sexual Dimorphism of Human White Matter in a Harmonized, Multisite Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:201-212. [PMID: 32851404 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal myelination and repair, critical processes for brain development, maturation, and aging, remain controlled by sexual hormones. Whether this influence is reflected in structural brain differences between sexes, and whether it can be quantified by neuroimaging, remains controversial. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is an in vivo method that can track myelination changes throughout the lifespan. We utilize a large, multisite sample of harmonized dMRI data (n = 551, age = 9-65 years, 46% females/54% males) to investigate the influence of sex on white matter (WM) structure. We model lifespan trajectories of WM using the most common dMRI measure fractional anisotropy (FA). Next, we examine the influence of both age and sex on FA variability. We estimate the overlap between male and female FA and test whether it is possible to label individual brains as male or female. Our results demonstrate regionally and spatially specific effects of sex. Sex differences are limited to limbic structures and young ages. Additionally, not only do sex differences diminish with age, but tracts within each subject become more similar to one another. Last, we show the high overlap in FA between sexes, which implies that determining sex based on WM remains open.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02114, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Madhura Baxi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark Vangel
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carol Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Brett Clementz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, 30601, USA
| | - David Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, 21205, USA
| | - Petra Verena Viher
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Stegmayer
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Walther
- University of Bern, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jungsun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 690-749, Korea
| | - Tim Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, SANE POWIC, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7 JX, UK
| | - Anthony James
- Department of Psychiatry, SANE POWIC, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7 JX, UK
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T1R8, Canada
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21228, USA
| | - Philip R Szeszko
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, 10461, USA
| | - Anil Malhotra
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Zucker Hillside Hospital, Manhasset, 11030, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,cBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, 80337, Germany
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02114, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston, 02115, USA
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Van Eycken S, Neu D, Newell J, Kornreich C, Mairesse O. Sex-Related Differences in Sleep-Related PSG Parameters and Daytime Complaints in a Clinical Population. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:161-171. [PMID: 32110127 PMCID: PMC7037102 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s235642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research suggested that perception of sleep impairments might present sex-related effects (ie, women appear to be more prone to report fatigue rather than sleepiness). The latter has been evidenced in sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). Differently, it has been suggested that sleep-related movement disorders may also be associated to fatigue rather than to sleepiness. Whether sex-related differences would be similar irrespective of diagnosis remains unclear. METHODS During a one-year period, systematic clinical evaluation, by means of structured symptom scales, was performed for a cohort of 921 consecutive patients attending an academic sleep center for polysomnography. The Brugmann Fatigue Scale (BFS), an instrument designed for the assessment of rest propensity was used among other scales (ie, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS). According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 420 men and 376 women were finally included in the study and retained for data analysis. RESULTS While men and women presented with similar age, BMI, total sleep time and sleep efficiency, men presented with higher levels of respiratory events and more periodic limb movements. Irrespective of diagnosis, women presented with significantly higher levels of sleep-associated complaints on all scales. Comparative stratifications of daytime symptoms, per diagnostic groups (SRBD, Movement Disorders (SRMD) and Insomnia), revealed significant main effects for diagnosis alongside with main effects of biological sex. Associations between common markers of disease severity for SRBD or SRMD and sleep or rest propensity, respectively, only showed significant correlation between periodic limb movements and rest propensity. The strength of association was similarly significant for both sexes. CONCLUSION While men displayed more objective impairment on polysomnography (PSG) and lower symptom levels, the opposite was true in women. However, both men and women present with statistically significant associations between SRMD severity (PLMS index) and physical fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Van Eycken
- Sleep Laboratory and Unit for Chronobiology U78, Department of Psychiatry, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Neu
- Sleep Laboratory and Unit for Chronobiology U78, Department of Psychiatry, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,UNI Neuroscience Institute, ULB312 Faculty of Medicine, and ULB388 Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Center for the Study of Sleep Disorders, Delta Hospital, Neuroscience Pole and Department of Internal Medicine, CHIREC, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Newell
- Sleep Laboratory and Unit for Chronobiology U78, Department of Psychiatry, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Sleep Laboratory and Unit for Chronobiology U78, Department of Psychiatry, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,UNI Neuroscience Institute, ULB312 Faculty of Medicine, and ULB388 Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Sleep Laboratory and Unit for Chronobiology U78, Department of Psychiatry, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Brain Body and Cognition (BBCO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department LIFE, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Assari S, Mistry R, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA. Marijuana Use and Depressive Symptoms; Gender Differences in African American Adolescents. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2135. [PMID: 30505287 PMCID: PMC6250838 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine gender differences in the bidirectional associations between marijuana use and depressive symptoms among African American adolescents. The study also tested gender differences in the effects of socioeconomic status, maternal support, and friends' drug use on adolescents' depressive symptoms and marijuana use. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Flint Adolescent Study (FAS). Six hundred and eighty one African American adolescents (335 males and 346 females) were followed for 3 years, from 1995 (mean age 16) to 1997 (mean age 19). Depressive symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory) and marijuana use were measured annually during the follow up. We used multi-group latent growth curve modeling to explore the reciprocal associations between depressive symptoms and marijuana use over time based on gender. Results: Baseline marijuana use was predictive of an increase in depressive symptoms over time among male but not female African American adolescents. Baseline depressive symptoms were not predictive of an increase in marijuana use among male or female adolescents. Conclusion: Study findings suggest that male African American adolescents who use marijuana are at an increased risk of subsequent depressive symptoms. Interventions that combine screening and treatment for marijuana use and depression may be indicated for African American male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ritesh Mistry
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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6
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Funes CM, Lavretsky H, Ercoli L, St Cyr N, Siddarth P. Apathy Mediates Cognitive Difficulties in Geriatric Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 26:100-106. [PMID: 28755989 PMCID: PMC5725249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive impairment associated with late-life depression can persist after remission of mood symptoms. Apathy, a common symptom of late-life depression, often leads to worse clinical outcomes. We examined if severity of apathy mediates cognitive difficulties in a cohort of older adults with major depression. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight older adults with depression (54.4% female; mean [SD] age: 69.7 [7.4] years; mean [SD] education:15.6 [2.7] years) were recruited to participate in a treatment study, and only baseline data were analyzed. All participants received a comprehensive evaluation of depression, apathy, and cognition. We examined whether apathy mediated the relationship between depression and cognition, focusing our attention on memory and cognitive control. We then explored whether the mediation effects differed across women and men. RESULTS Increased apathy was significantly associated with worse depression and lower performance in the cognitive control domain but not in memory. Higher depressive scores were significantly associated with worse cognitive control but not memory. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect on cognitive control by depression through increased apathy scores with the mediator accounting for 21% of the total effect. Stratifying by sex, we found that women exhibited a significant indirect effect, with the mediator accounting for 47% of the total effect, whereas there was no mediation by apathy in men. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that increased apathy mediates the relationship between cognition and depression. The identification of mediating effects may inform future treatment strategies and preventive interventions that can focus on decreasing apathy to improve cognition in late-life depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Funes
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Linda Ercoli
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Natalie St Cyr
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Shahab S, Stefanik L, Foussias G, Lai MC, Anderson KK, Voineskos AN. Sex and Diffusion Tensor Imaging of White Matter in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review Plus Meta-analysis of the Corpus Callosum. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:203-221. [PMID: 28449132 PMCID: PMC5767963 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sex is considered an understudied variable in health research. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder with known sex differences in epidemiology and clinical presentation. We systematically reviewed the literature for sex-based differences of diffusion properties of white matter tracts in schizophrenia. We then conducted a meta-analysis examining sex-based differences in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia. Medline and Embase were searched to identify relevant papers. Studies fulfilling the following criteria were included: (1) included individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, (2) included a control group of healthy individuals, (3) included both sexes in the patient and the control groups, (4) used diffusion tensor imaging, and (5) involved analyzing metrics of white matter microstructural integrity. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was used as the measure of interest in the meta-analysis. Of 730 studies reviewed, 75 met the inclusion criteria. Most showed no effect of sex, however, those that did found either that females have lower FA than males, or that the effect of disease in females is larger than that in males. The findings of the meta-analysis in the corpus callosum supported this result. There is a recognized need for studies on schizophrenia with a sufficient sample of female patients. Lack of power undermines the ability to detect sex-based differences. Understanding the sex-specific impact of illness on neural circuits may help inform development of new treatments, and improvement of existing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahab
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Stefanik
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Toronto, ON, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; tel: 416-535-8501 ext. 33977, fax: 416-260-4162, e-mail:
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