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De Bartolo MI, Belvisi D, Mancinelli R, Costanzo M, Caturano C, Leodori G, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G, Vivacqua G. A systematic review of salivary biomarkers in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2613-2625. [PMID: 38595280 PMCID: PMC11168506 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for reliable and easily accessible biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is receiving a growing emphasis, to detect neurodegeneration from the prodromal phase and to enforce disease-modifying therapies. Despite the need for non-invasively accessible biomarkers, the majority of the studies have pointed to cerebrospinal fluid or peripheral biopsies biomarkers, which require invasive collection procedures. Saliva represents an easily accessible biofluid and an incredibly wide source of molecular biomarkers. In the present study, after presenting the morphological and biological bases for looking at saliva in the search of biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, we systematically reviewed the results achieved so far in the saliva of different cohorts of Parkinson's disease patients. A comprehensive literature search on PubMed and SCOPUS led to the discovery of 289 articles. After screening and exclusion, 34 relevant articles were derived for systematic review. Alpha-synuclein, the histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, has been the most investigated Parkinson's disease biomarker in saliva, with oligomeric alpha-synuclein consistently found increased in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison to healthy controls, while conflicting results have been reported regarding the levels of total alpha-synuclein and phosphorylated alpha-synuclein, and few studies described an increased oligomeric alpha-synuclein/total alpha-synuclein ratio in Parkinson's disease. Beyond alpha-synuclein, other biomarkers targeting different molecular pathways have been explored in the saliva of Parkinson's disease patients: total tau, phosphorylated tau, amyloid-β1-42 (pathological protein aggregation biomarkers); DJ-1, heme-oxygenase-1, metabolites (altered energy homeostasis biomarkers); MAPLC-3beta (aberrant proteostasis biomarker); cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (inflammation biomarkers); DNA methylation, miRNA (DNA/RNA defects biomarkers); acetylcholinesterase activity (synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction biomarkers); Raman spectra, proteome, and caffeine. Despite a few studies investigating biomarkers targeting molecular pathways different from alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, these results should be replicated and observed in studies on larger cohorts, considering the potential role of these biomarkers in determining the molecular variance among Parkinson's disease subtypes. Although the need for standardization in sample collection and processing, salivary-based biomarkers studies have reported encouraging results, calling for large-scale longitudinal studies and multicentric assessments, given the great molecular potentials and the non-invasive accessibility of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Belvisi
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Caturano
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy -Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) -Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Leodori
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Experimental Morphology and Microscopy -Integrated Research Center (PRAAB) -Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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Kaur K, Kulkarni YA, Wairkar S. Exploring the potential of quercetin in Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Nanodelivery systems. Brain Res 2024; 1834:148905. [PMID: 38565372 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a primary cause of dementia that affects millions of people worldwide and its prevalence is likely to increase largely in the coming decades. Multiple complex pathways, such as oxidative stress, tau and amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology, and cholinergic dysfunction, are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The conventional treatments provide only symptomatic relief and not a complete cure for the disease. On the other hand, recent studies have looked into the possibility of flavonoids as an effective therapeutic strategy for treating AD. Quercetin, a well-known flavonol, has been extensively studied for AD treatment. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the pharmacokinetics properties of quercetin and its modes of action, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, and neuroprotective properties, which are beneficial in treating AD. It also highlights the nano delivery systems of quercetin, including liposomes, nanostructures lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, and nanoparticles reported for AD treatment. The remarkable potential of quercetin nanocarriers has been reflected in enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, clinical studies must be conducted to explore it as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komaldeep Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sarika Wairkar
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKMs NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India.
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3
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Poirier A, Picard C, Labonté A, Aubry I, Auld D, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Tremblay ML, Poirier J. PTPRS is a novel marker for early Tau pathology and synaptic integrity in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14718. [PMID: 38926456 PMCID: PMC11208446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor sigma (PTPRS) in the context of Alzheimer's disease and synaptic integrity. Publicly available datasets (BRAINEAC, ROSMAP, ADC1) and a cohort of asymptomatic but "at risk" individuals (PREVENT-AD) were used to explore the relationship between PTPRS and various Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. We identified that PTPRS rs10415488 variant C shows features of neuroprotection against early Tau pathology and synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. This single nucleotide polymorphism correlated with higher PTPRS transcript abundance and lower p(181)Tau and GAP-43 levels in the CSF. In the brain, PTPRS protein abundance was significantly correlated with the quantity of two markers of synaptic integrity: SNAP25 and SYT-1. We also found the presence of sexual dimorphism for PTPRS, with higher CSF concentrations in males than females. Male carriers for variant C were found to have a 10-month delay in the onset of AD. We thus conclude that PTPRS acts as a neuroprotective receptor in Alzheimer's disease. Its protective effect is most important in males, in whom it postpones the age of onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poirier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Picard
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Labonté
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubry
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Auld
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Judes Poirier
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Centre for the Studies in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Yagishita S, Shibata M, Furuno A, Wakatsuki S, Araki T. Neuronal Excitation Induces Tau Protein Dephosphorylation via Protein Phosphatase 1 Activation to Promote Its Binding with Stable Microtubules. Neurol Int 2024; 16:653-662. [PMID: 38921953 PMCID: PMC11206689 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule stabilization. The phosphorylation of the tau protein has been linked to its dissociation from microtubules. Here, we examined the relationship between neuronal depolarization activity and tau protein phosphorylation by employing model systems in culture as well as in vivo. The KCl-evoked depolarization of cultured neurons has often been used to investigate the effects of neuronal activity. We found dephosphorylation at AT8 sites (S202, T205), T212, AT180 sites (T231, S235), and S396 in KCl-simulated cultured neurons. We also found that the KCl-induced tau protein dephosphorylation increases the level of the tau protein fractionated with stable microtubules. In an in vivo experiment, we demonstrated that the exposure of mice to a new environment activates protein phosphatase 1 in the mouse hippocampus and induces tau protein dephosphorylation. We also found an increased amount of the tau protein in a stable microtubule fraction, suggesting that the dephosphorylation of the tau protein may lead to its increased microtubule association in vivo. These results suggest that the association of microtubules with tau proteins may be regulated by the tau protein phosphorylation status affected by neuronal electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Yang Y, Qiu L. Research Progress on the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Drug Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:590. [PMID: 38928590 PMCID: PMC11201671 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14060590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As the population ages worldwide, Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent kind of neurodegenerative disorder among older people, has become a significant factor affecting quality of life, public health, and economies. However, the exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer's remains elusive, and existing highly recognized pathogenesis includes the amyloid cascade hypothesis, Tau neurofibrillary tangles hypothesis, and neuroinflammation hypothesis. The major diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease include neuroimaging positron emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid molecular diagnosis. The therapy of Alzheimer's disease primarily relies on drugs, and the approved drugs on the market include acetylcholinesterase drugs, glutamate receptor antagonists, and amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies. Still, the existing drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of the disease and cannot completely reverse it. This review aims to summarize existing research results on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and drug therapy, with the objective of facilitating future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lina Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Sindi G, Ismael S, Uddin R, Slepchenko KG, Colvin RA, Lee D. Endogenous tau released from human ReNCell VM cultures by neuronal activity is phosphorylated at multiple sites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.02.597022. [PMID: 38854111 PMCID: PMC11160771 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.02.597022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Tau is an intracellular protein but also known to be released into the extracellular fluid. Tau release mechanisms have drawn intense attention as these are known to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, tau can also be released under physiological conditions although its physiological function and release mechanisms have been poorly characterized, especially in human neuronal cells. We investigated endogenous tau release in ReNCell VM, a human neuroprogenitor cell line, under physiological conditions and found that tau is spontaneously released from cells. To study activity-dependent release of endogenous tau, human ReNCell VM culture was stimulated by 100μM AMPA or 50mM KCl for one-hour, tau was actively released to the culture medium. The released tau was highly phosphorylated at nine phosphorylation sites (pSites) detected by phospho-specific tau antibodies including AT270 (T175/T181), AT8 (S202/T205), AT100 (T212/S214), AT180 (T231), and PHF-1 (S396/S404), showing that these pSites are important for activity-dependent tau release from human ReNCell VM. Intracellular tau showed various phosphorylation status across these sites, with AT270 and PHF-1 highly phosphorylated while AT8 and AT180 were minimally phosphorylated, suggesting that AT8 and AT180 pSites exhibit a propensity for secretion rather than being retained intracellularly. This activity-dependent tau release was significantly decreased by inhibition of GSK-3β, demonstrating that GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation of tau plays an important role in its release by neuronal activity. In this study, we showed that ReNCell VM serves as a valuable model for studying endogenous physiological tau release. Further, ReNCell model can be also used to study pathological release of human tau that will contribute to our understanding of the progression of AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sazan Ismael
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kira G. Slepchenko
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Robert A. Colvin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Daewoo Lee
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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7
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Islam M, Shen F, Regmi D, Petersen K, Karim MRU, Du D. Tau liquid-liquid phase separation: At the crossroads of tau physiology and tauopathy. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30853. [PMID: 35980344 PMCID: PMC9938090 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal deposition of tau in neurons is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and several other neurodegenerative disorders. In the past decades, extensive efforts have been made to explore the mechanistic pathways underlying the development of tauopathies. Recently, the discovery of tau droplet formation by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has received a great deal of attention. It has been reported that tau condensates have a biological role in promoting and stabilizing microtubule (MT) assembly. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that the transition of phase-separated tau droplets to a gel-like state and then to fibrils is associated with the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we outline LLPS, the structural disorder that facilitates tau droplet formation, the effects of posttranslational modification of tau on condensate formation, the physiological function of tau droplets, the pathways from droplet to toxic fibrils, and the therapeutic strategies for tauopathies that might evolve from toxic droplets. We expect a deeper understanding of tau LLPS will provide additional insights into tau physiology and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Fengyun Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Deepika Regmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Katherine Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Md Raza Ul Karim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
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8
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Arico DS, Burachik NB, Wengier DL, Mazzella MA. Arabidopsis hypocotyl growth in darkness requires the phosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1815-1831. [PMID: 38494883 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Rapid hypocotyl elongation allows buried seedlings to emerge, where light triggers de-etiolation and inhibits hypocotyl growth mainly by photoreceptors. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events regulate many aspects of plant development. Only recently we have begun to uncover the earliest phospho-signaling responders to light. Here, we reported a large-scale phosphoproteomic analysis and identified 20 proteins that changed their phosphorylation pattern following a 20 min light pulse compared to darkness. Microtubule-associated proteins were highly overrepresented in this group. Among them, we studied CIP7 (COP1-INTERACTING-PROTEIN 7), which presented microtubule (MT) localization in contrast to the previous description. An isoform of CIP7 phosphorylated at Serine915 was detected in etiolated seedlings but was undetectable after a light pulse in the presence of photoreceptors, while CIP7 transcript expression decays with long light exposure. The short hypocotyl phenotype and rearrangement of MTs in etiolated cip7 mutants are complemented by CIP7-YFP and the phospho-mimetic CIP7S915D-YFP, but not the phospho-null CIP7S915A-YFP suggesting that the phosphorylated S915CIP7 isoform promotes hypocotyl elongation through MT reorganization in darkness. Our evidence on Serine915 of CIP7 unveils phospho-regulation of MT-based processes during skotomorphogenic hypocotyl growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Soledad Arico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
| | - Natalia B Burachik
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
| | - Diego Leonardo Wengier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular-Héctor Torres, Vuelta de obligado, 2490, Caba, Argentina
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Kerl HU, Baazaoui H, Herrmann K, Adlung A, Ludwig NK, Hausner L, Frölich L, Schad L, Groden C, Mohamed SA. Sodium signal intensity of CSF using 1H-guided 23Na-MRI as a potential noninvasive biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimaging 2024. [PMID: 38807265 DOI: 10.1111/jon.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline and mnestic deficits. The pathophysiology of AD is not fully understood, which renders the development of accurate tools for early diagnosis and effective therapies exceedingly difficult. In this study, we investigated the use of 23Na-MRI to measure the relative sodium signal intensities (rSSIs) in CSF in patients with AD and healthy controls. METHODS We prospectively recruited 11 patients with biomarker-diagnosed early-stage AD, as well as 12 cognitively healthy age-matched controls. All participants underwent 23Na-MRI to measure rSSI. Statistical analyses were performed to compare CSF sodium signal intensities between groups and to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the rSSI in the diagnosis of AD. RESULTS RSSIs in CSF were significantly higher in AD patients (mean = 68.6% ± 7.7%) compared to healthy controls (mean = 56.9% ± 5.5%) (p < .001). There was also a significant negative correlation between rSSI in CSF and hippocampus and amygdala volumes (r = -.54 and -.49, p < .05) as well as a positive correlation with total CSF volumes (r = .81, p < .05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed high diagnostic accuracy for rSSI in discriminating between AD patients and healthy controls (area under the curve = .94). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that rSSI in CSF is increased in AD patients in comparison to healthy controls. rSSI may serve as a potential marker for early detection and monitoring of disease progression. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and to investigate the association between rSSI in CSF and the severity of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Kerl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hakim Baazaoui
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Herrmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Adlung
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nadia K Ludwig
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Löwenstein Medical Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar Schad
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Zhang D, Zhang W, Ming C, Gao X, Yuan H, Lin X, Mao X, Wang C, Guo X, Du Y, Shao L, Yang R, Lin Z, Wu X, Huang TY, Wang Z, Zhang YW, Xu H, Zhao Y. P-tau217 correlates with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting p-tau217 with immunotherapy ameliorates murine tauopathy. Neuron 2024; 112:1676-1693.e12. [PMID: 38513667 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal loss is the central issue in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet no treatment developed so far can halt AD-associated neurodegeneration. Here, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb2A7) against 217 site-phosphorylated human tau (p-tau217) and observed that p-tau217 levels positively correlated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in AD patients. Intranasal administration efficiently delivered mAb2A7 into male PS19 tauopathic mouse brain with target engagement and reduced tau pathology/aggregation with little effect on total soluble tau. Further, mAb2A7 treatment blocked apoptosis-associated neuronal loss and brain atrophy, reversed cognitive deficits, and improved motor function in male tauopathic mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that mAb2A7 treatment reversed alterations mainly in proteins associated with synaptic functions observed in murine tauopathy and AD brain. An antibody (13G4) targeting total tau also attenuated tau-associated pathology and neurodegeneration but impaired the motor function of male tauopathic mice. These results implicate p-tau217 as a potential therapeutic target for AD-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denghong Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Huilong Yuan
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Renzhi Yang
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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11
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Pradeepkiran JA, Baig J, Islam MA, Kshirsagar S, Reddy PH. Amyloid-β and Phosphorylated Tau are the Key Biomarkers and Predictors of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0286. [PMID: 38739937 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a age-related neurodegenerative disease and is a major public health concern both in Texas, US and Worldwide. This neurodegenerative disease is mainly characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) accumulation in the brains of patients with AD and increasing evidence suggests that these are key biomarkers in AD. Both Aβ and p-tau can be detected through various imaging techniques (such as positron emission tomography, PET) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The presence of these biomarkers in individuals, who are asymptomatic or have mild cognitive impairment can indicate an increased risk of developing AD in the future. Furthermore, the combination of Aβ and p-tau biomarkers is often used for more accurate diagnosis and prediction of AD progression. Along with AD being a neurodegenerative disease, it is associated with other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression, and diabetes because studies have shown that these comorbid conditions make people more vulnerable to AD. In the first part of this review, we discuss that biofluid-based biomarkers such as Aβ, p-Tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Aβ & p-Tau in plasma could be used as an alternative sensitive technique to diagnose AD. In the second part, we discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms of chronic conditions linked with AD and how they affect the patients in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javaria Baig
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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12
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Litberg TJ, Horowitz S. Roles of Nucleic Acids in Protein Folding, Aggregation, and Disease. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:809-823. [PMID: 38477936 PMCID: PMC11149768 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The role of nucleic acids in protein folding and aggregation is an area of continued research, with relevance to understanding both basic biological processes and disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the trajectory of research on both nucleic acids as chaperones and their roles in several protein misfolding diseases. We highlight key questions that remain on the biophysical and biochemical specifics of how nucleic acids have large effects on multiple proteins' folding and aggregation behavior and how this pertains to multiple protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J. Litberg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Scott Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and The Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208, USA
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13
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Kuhn MK, Kang RY, Kim C, Tagay Y, Morris N, Tabdanov ED, Elcheva IA, Proctor EA. Dynamic neuroinflammatory profiles predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in microglia-containing cerebral organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.16.567220. [PMID: 38014053 PMCID: PMC10680718 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.16.567220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and the underlying dysregulated immune responses of microglia actively contribute to the progression and, likely, the initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Fine-tuned therapeutic modulation of immune dysfunction to ameliorate disease cannot be achieved without the characterization of diverse microglial states that initiate unique, and sometimes contradictory, immune responses that evolve over time in chronic inflammatory environments. Because of the functional differences between human and murine microglia, untangling distinct, disease-relevant reactive states and their corresponding effects on pathology or neuronal health may not be possible without the use of human cells. In order to profile shifting microglial states in early AD and identify microglia-specific drivers of disease, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying a familial AD PSEN2 mutation or its isogenic control into cerebral organoids and quantified the changes in cytokine concentrations over time with Luminex XMAP technology. We used partial least squares (PLS) modeling to build cytokine signatures predictive of disease and age to identify key differential patterns of cytokine expression that inform the overall organoid immune milieu and quantified the corresponding changes in protein pathology. AD organoids exhibited an overall reduction in cytokine secretion after an initial amplified immune response. We demonstrate that reduced synapse density observed in the AD organoids is prevented with microglial depletion. Crucially, these differential effects of dysregulated immune signaling occurred without the accumulation of pathological proteins. In this study, we used microglia-containing AD organoids to quantitatively characterize an evolving immune milieu, made up of a diverse of collection of activation patterns and immune responses, to identify how a dynamic, overall neuroinflammatory state negatively impacts neuronal health and the cell-specific contribution of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - ChaeMin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yerbol Tagay
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nathan Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Irina A Elcheva
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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14
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Kim S, Shin SJ, Nam Y, Park YH, Kim BH, Park HH, Kumar V, Yoo DH, Lee YY, Hoe HS, Moon M. Korean red ginseng polysaccharide as a potential therapeutic agent targeting tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130516. [PMID: 38423419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that plays a critical role in the stabilization and modulation of neuronal axons. Tau pathology is stronger associated with cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) than amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology. Hence, tau targeting is a promising approach for the treatment of AD. Previous studies have demonstrated that the non-saponin fraction with rich polysaccharide (NFP) from Korean red ginseng (KRG) can modulate tau aggregation and exert a therapeutic effect on AD. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of NFP isolated from KRG on tau pathology in experimental models of AD. Our results showed that NFP from KRG ameliorated deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the brain of 3xTg mice. Moreover, NFP from KRG modulated the aggregation and dissociation of tau K18 in vitro. We demonstrated the alleviatory effects of NFP from KRG on hyperphosphorylated tau and tau kinase in okadaic acid-treated HT22 cells. Furthermore, NFP from KRG mitigated Aβ deposition, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in 3xTg mice. We revealed the neuroprotective effects of NFP from KRG on tau-induced neuronal loss in HT22 cells. Our results indicate that NFP extracted from KRG is a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD associated with tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Han Yoo
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational Therapy, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yook Lee
- The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Gajeong-ro 30, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu 41068, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Colvee-Martin H, Parra JR, Gonzalez GA, Barker W, Duara R. Neuropathology, Neuroimaging, and Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:704. [PMID: 38611617 PMCID: PMC11012058 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
An improved understanding of the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) should lead ultimately to an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AD, providing the opportunity to intervene earlier in the disease process and to improve outcomes. The known hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease include amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles. It is now clear that an imbalance between production and clearance of the amyloid beta protein and related Aβ peptides, especially Aβ42, is a very early, initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, leading to aggregates of hyperphosphorylation and misfolded tau protein, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. In this article, we review how the AD diagnostic process has been transformed in recent decades by our ability to measure these various elements of the pathological cascade through the use of imaging and fluid biomarkers. The more recently developed plasma biomarkers, especially phosphorylated-tau217 (p-tau217), have utility for screening and diagnosis of the earliest stages of AD. These biomarkers can also be used to measure target engagement by disease-modifying therapies and the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Colvee-Martin
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| | - Juan Rayo Parra
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (J.R.P.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Gabriel Antonio Gonzalez
- Human & Molecular Genetics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (J.R.P.); (G.A.G.)
| | - Warren Barker
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer’s Disease & Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA; (H.C.-M.); (W.B.)
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16
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Cao H, Zhou X, Xu B, Hu H, Guo J, Ma Y, Wang M, Li N, Jun Z. Advances in the study of protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammal cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:212-232. [PMID: 38453636 PMCID: PMC10918413 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control. More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into the correct three-dimensional conformation in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, during protein folding, unfolded and/or misfolded proteins are prone to occur, which may lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Organisms can monitor the quality of the proteins produced by endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), which maintain endoplasmic reticulum protein homeostasis by degrading abnormally folded proteins. The underlying mechanisms of protein folding and ERAD in mammals have not yet been fully explored. Therefore, this paper reviews the process and function of protein folding and ERAD in mammalian cells, in order to help clinicians better understand the mechanism of ERAD and to provide a scientific reference for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal ERAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuwei Ma
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zou Jun
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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17
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Ainslie AP, Klaver M, Voshart DC, Gerrits E, den Dunnen WFA, Eggen BJL, Bergink S, Barazzuol L. Glioblastoma and its treatment are associated with extensive accelerated brain aging. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14066. [PMID: 38234228 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Progressive neurocognitive dysfunction is the leading cause of a reduced quality of life in patients with primary brain tumors. Understanding how the human brain responds to cancer and its treatment is essential to improve the associated cognitive sequelae. In this study, we performed integrated transcriptomic and tissue analysis on postmortem normal-appearing non-tumor brain tissue from glioblastoma (GBM) patients that had received cancer treatments, region-matched brain tissue from unaffected control individuals and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We show that normal-appearing non-tumor brain regions of patients with GBM display hallmarks of accelerated aging, in particular mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and proteostasis deregulation. The extent and spatial pattern of this response decreased with distance from the tumor. Gene set enrichment analyses and a direct comparative analysis with an independent cohort of brain tissue samples from AD patients revealed a significant overlap in differentially expressed genes and a similar biological aging trajectory. Additionally, these responses were validated at the protein level showing the presence of increased lysosomal lipofuscin, phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein Tau, and oxidative DNA damage in normal-appearing brain areas of GBM patients. Overall, our data show that the brain of GBM patients undergoes accelerated aging and shared AD-like features, providing the basis for novel or repurposed therapeutic targets for managing brain tumor-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Ainslie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Klaver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle C Voshart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Gerrits
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University College Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Grosshans D, Thomas R, Zhang D, Cronkite C, Thomas R, Singh S, Bronk L, Morales R, Duman J. Subcellular functions of tau mediates repair response and synaptic homeostasis in injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3897741. [PMID: 38464175 PMCID: PMC10925419 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3897741/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Injury responses in terminally differentiated cells such as neurons is tightly regulated by pathways aiding homeostatic maintenance. Cancer patients subjected to neuronal injury in brain radiation experience cognitive declines similar to those seen in primary neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of radiation in proliferating cells of the brain, yet the impact in differentiated, post-mitotic neurons, especially the structural and functional alterations remain largely elusive. We identified that microtubule-associated tau is a critical player in neuronal injury response via compartmentalized functions in both repair-centric and synaptic regulatory pathways. Ionizing radiation-induced injury acutely induces increase in phosphorylated tau in the nucleus and directly interacts with histone 2AX (H2AX), a DNA damage repair (DDR) marker. Loss of tau significantly reduced H2AX after irradiation, indicating that tau may play an important role in neuronal DDR response. We also observed that loss of tau increases eukaryotic elongation factor levels after irradiation, the latter being a positive regulator of protein translation. This cascades into a significant increase in synaptic proteins, resulting in disrupted homeostasis. Consequently, novel object recognition test showed decrease in learning and memory in tau-knockout mice after irradiation, and electroencephalographic activity showed increase in delta and theta band oscillations, often seen in dementia patients. Our findings demonstrate tau's previously undefined, multifunctional role in acute responses to injury, ranging from DDR response in the nucleus to synaptic function within a neuron. Such knowledge is vital to develop therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal injury in cognitive decline for at risk and vulnerable populations.
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Pádua MS, Guil-Guerrero JL, Prates JAM, Lopes PA. Insights on the Use of Transgenic Mice Models in Alzheimer's Disease Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2805. [PMID: 38474051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, presents a significant global health challenge with no known cure to date. Central to our understanding of AD pathogenesis is the β-amyloid cascade hypothesis, which underlies drug research and discovery efforts. Despite extensive studies, no animal models of AD have completely validated this hypothesis. Effective AD models are essential for accurately replicating key pathological features of the disease, notably the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These pathological markers are primarily driven by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) genes in familial AD (FAD) and by tau protein mutations for the tangle pathology. Transgenic mice models have been instrumental in AD research, heavily relying on the overexpression of mutated APP genes to simulate disease conditions. However, these models do not entirely replicate the human condition of AD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the historical and ongoing research efforts in AD, particularly through the use of transgenic mice models. It is focused on the benefits gathered from these transgenic mice models in understanding β-amyloid toxicity and the broader biological underpinnings of AD. Additionally, the review critically assesses the application of these models in the preclinical testing of new therapeutic interventions, highlighting the gap between animal models and human clinical realities. This analysis underscores the need for refinement in AD research methodologies to bridge this gap and enhance the translational value of preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Soares Pádua
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L Guil-Guerrero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José A M Prates
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Lopes
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Cichońska D, Mazuś M, Kusiak A. Recent Aspects of Periodontitis and Alzheimer's Disease-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2612. [PMID: 38473858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontal conditions may increase the susceptibility of individuals to various systemic illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual onset and progressive deterioration, making it the primary cause of dementia, although the exact cause of the disease remains elusive. Both Alzheimer's disease and periodontitis share risk factors and clinical studies comparing the associations and occurrence of periodontitis among individuals with Alzheimer's disease have suggested a potential correlation between these conditions. Brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease have substantiated the existence of microorganisms related to periodontitis, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, which produces neurotoxic gingipains and may present the capability to breach the blood-brain barrier. Treponema denticola may induce tau hyperphosphorylation and lead to neuronal apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharides-components of bacterial cell membranes and mediators of inflammation-also have an impact on brain function. Further research could unveil therapeutic approaches targeting periodontal pathogens to potentially alleviate AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Cichońska
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Orzeszkowej 18 St. 18, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magda Mazuś
- Student Research Group of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Orzeszkowej 18 St. 18, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aida Kusiak
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Orzeszkowej 18 St. 18, 80-208 Gdańsk, Poland
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Jos S, Poulose R, Kambaru A, Gogoi H, Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah N, Padmanabhan B, Mehta B, Padavattan S. Tau-S214 Phosphorylation Inhibits Fyn Kinase Interaction and Increases the Decay Time of NMDAR-mediated Current. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168445. [PMID: 38218365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Fyn kinase SH3 domain interaction with PXXP motif in the Tau protein is implicated in AD pathology and is central to NMDAR function. Among seven PXXP motifs localized in proline-rich domain of Tau protein, tandem 5th and 6th PXXP motifs are critical to Fyn-SH3 domain interaction. Here, we report the crystal structure of Fyn-SH3 -Tau (207-221) peptide consisting of 5th and 6th PXXP motif complex to 1.01 Å resolution. Among five AD-specific phosphorylation sites encompassing the 5th and 6th PXXP motifs, only S214 residue showed interaction with SH3 domain. Biophysical studies showed that Tau (207-221) with S214-phosphorylation (pS214) inhibits its interaction with Fyn-SH3 domain. The individual administration of Tau (207-221) with/without pS214 peptides to a single neuron increased the decay time of evoked NMDA current response. Recordings of spontaneous NMDA EPSCs at +40 mV indicate an increase in frequency and amplitude of events for the Tau (207-221) peptide. Conversely, the Tau (207-221) with pS214 peptide exhibited a noteworthy amplitude increase alongside a prolonged decay time. These outcomes underscore the distinctive modalities of action associated with each peptide in the study. Overall, this study provides insights into how Tau (207-221) with/without pS214 affects the molecular framework of NMDAR signaling, indicating its involvement in Tau-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Jos
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Roshni Poulose
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Archanalakshmi Kambaru
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Hemanga Gogoi
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
| | - Sivaraman Padavattan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India.
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22
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Zafar S, Fatima SI, Schmitz M, Zerr I. Current Technologies Unraveling the Significance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) as Crucial Players in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:118. [PMID: 38254718 PMCID: PMC10813409 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, are identified and characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and neuronal dysfunction, resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. Recent research has shown the importance of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, nitration, truncation, O-GlcNAcylation, and hydroxylation, in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. PTMs can alter protein structure and function, affecting protein stability, localization, interactions, and enzymatic activity. Aberrant PTMs can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation, impaired degradation, and clearance, and ultimately, to neuronal dysfunction and death. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the PTMs involved in neurodegeneration, their underlying mechanisms, methods to isolate PTMs, and the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. The PTMs discussed in this article include tau phosphorylation, α-synuclein and Huntingtin ubiquitination, histone acetylation and methylation, and RNA modifications. Understanding the role of PTMs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new therapeutic strategies for these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzadi Irum Fatima
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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23
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Chang YL, Yang CC, Huang YY, Chen YA, Yang CW, Liao CY, Li H, Wu CS, Lin CH, Teng SC. The HSP40 family chaperone isoform DNAJB6b prevents neuronal cells from tau aggregation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:293. [PMID: 38110916 PMCID: PMC10729500 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with clinical presentations of progressive cognitive and memory deterioration. The pathologic hallmarks of AD include tau neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaque depositions in the hippocampus and associated neocortex. The neuronal aggregated tau observed in AD cells suggests that the protein folding problem is a major cause of AD. J-domain-containing proteins (JDPs) are the largest family of cochaperones, which play a vital role in specifying and directing HSP70 chaperone functions. JDPs bind substrates and deliver them to HSP70. The association of JDP and HSP70 opens the substrate-binding domain of HSP70 to help the loading of the clients. However, in the initial HSP70 cycle, which JDP delivers tau to the HSP70 system in neuronal cells remains unclear. RESULTS We screened the requirement of a diverse panel of JDPs for preventing tau aggregation in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y by a filter retardation method. Interestingly, knockdown of DNAJB6, one of the JDPs, displayed tau aggregation and overexpression of DNAJB6b, one of the isoforms generated from the DNAJB6 gene by alternative splicing, reduced tau aggregation. Further, the tau bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed the DNAJB6b-dependent tau clearance. The co-immunoprecipitation and the proximity ligation assay demonstrated the protein-protein interaction between tau and the chaperone-cochaperone complex. The J-domain of DNAJB6b was critical for preventing tau aggregation. Moreover, reduced DNAJB6 expression and increased tau aggregation were detected in an age-dependent manner in immunohistochemical analysis of the hippocampus tissues of a mouse model of tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS In summary, downregulation of DNAJB6b increases the insoluble form of tau, while overexpression of DNAJB6b reduces tau aggregation. Moreover, DNAJB6b associates with tau. Therefore, this study reveals that DNAJB6b is a direct sensor for its client tau in the HSP70 folding system in neuronal cells, thus helping to prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Chang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Chih Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yu Huang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Li
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shyi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
- Center of Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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24
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Scopa C, Barnada SM, Cicardi ME, Singer M, Trotti D, Trizzino M. JUN upregulation drives aberrant transposable element mobilization, associated innate immune response, and impaired neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8021. [PMID: 38049398 PMCID: PMC10696058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenic decline, inflammation, and neurodegeneration are phenotypic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) in heterochromatic regions was recently reported in AD, but the underlying mechanisms are still underappreciated. Combining functional genomics with the differentiation of familial and sporadic AD patient derived-iPSCs into hippocampal progenitors, CA3 neurons, and cerebral organoids, we found that the upregulation of the AP-1 subunit, c-Jun, triggers decondensation of genomic regions containing TEs. This leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of HERVK-derived RNA-DNA hybrids, the activation of the cGAS-STING cascade, and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, suggesting the initiation of programmed cell death in AD progenitors and neurons. Notably, inhibiting c-Jun effectively blocks all these downstream molecular processes and rescues neuronal death and the impaired neurogenesis phenotype in AD progenitors. Our findings open new avenues for identifying therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to counteract disease progression and diagnose AD in the early, pre-symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scopa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Samantha M Barnada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Cicardi
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mo Singer
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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25
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Congdon EE, Ji C, Tetlow AM, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Tau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:715-736. [PMID: 37875627 PMCID: PMC10965012 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals. AD is characterized pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, which eventually results in dementia. Many of the early attempts to develop treatments for AD focused on Aβ, but a lack of efficacy of these treatments in terms of slowing disease progression led to a change of strategy towards targeting of tau pathology. Given that tau shows a stronger correlation with symptom severity than does Aβ, targeting of tau is more likely to be efficacious once cognitive decline begins. Anti-tau therapies initially focused on post-translational modifications, inhibition of tau aggregation and stabilization of microtubules. However, trials of many potential drugs were discontinued because of toxicity and/or lack of efficacy. Currently, the majority of tau-targeting agents in clinical trials are immunotherapies. In this Review, we provide an update on the results from the initial immunotherapy trials and an overview of new therapeutic candidates that are in clinical development, as well as considering future directions for tau-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyi Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber M Tetlow
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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26
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Kim MS, Mun YS, Lee SE, Cho WY, Han SH, Kim DH, Yoon SY. Tau acetylation at K280 regulates tau phosphorylation. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1394-1398. [PMID: 35603448 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2081165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY Accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau is a key pathological finding of Alzheimer's disease. Recently, acetylation of tau is emerging as another key pathogenic modification, especially regarding the acetylation of tau at K280 of the hexapeptide 275VQIINK280, a critical sequence in driving tau aggregation. However, the relationship between these two key post-translational modifications is not well known. In this study, effect of acetylation of tau at K280 on tau phosphorylation profile was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, was transfected with p300 acetyltransferase and tau to induce acetylation of tau. Phosphorylation profile after acetylation was evaluated on western blot. K280A-mutant tau was transfected to investigate the effect of acetylation of tau at K280 on tau phosphorylation profile. RESULTS Overexpression of p300 acetyltransferase in tau-transfected SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells increased acetylation of tau. Meanwhile, tau and its phosphorylation also increased at various sites such as S199/202, S202/T205, T231, and S422, but not at S396. However, blocking acetylation only at K280 with K280A-mutant tau reversed the increased phosphorylation of tau at S202/T205, T231, and S422, but not at S199/202 or S396. CONCLUSION Here we identified tau phosphorylation profile in the context of p300-induced acetylation and K280A-mutant tau, demonstrating that tau acetylation affects phosphorylation differently by residues and that acetylation at K280 is a determinant of phosphorylation at some residues in the context of pathologic acetyltransferase activity. Yet, our results suggest there is a complex interplay yet to be explored between tau acetylation with tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Seon Mun
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Cho
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Han
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hou Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Yoon
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc. Seoul, Korea
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Amirian R, Azadi Badrbani M, Izadi Z, Samadian H, Bahrami G, Sarvari S, Abdolmaleki S, Nabavi SM, Derakhshankhah H, Jaymand M. Targeted protein modification as a paradigm shift in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115765. [PMID: 37659194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted Protein Modification (TPM) is an umbrella term encompassing numerous tools and approaches that use bifunctional agents to induce a desired modification over the POI. The most well-known TPM mechanism is PROTAC-directed protein ubiquitination. PROTAC-based targeted degradation offers several advantages over conventional small-molecule inhibitors, has shifted the drug discovery paradigm, and is acquiring increasing interest as over ten PROTACs have entered clinical trials in the past few years. Targeting the protein of interest for proteasomal degradation by PROTACS was the pioneer of various toolboxes for selective protein degradation. Nowadays, the ever-increasing number of tools and strategies for modulating and modifying the POI has expanded far beyond protein degradation, which phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of the protein of interest, targeted acetylation, and selective modification of protein O-GlcNAcylation are among them. These novel strategies have opened new avenues for achieving more precise outcomes while remaining feasible and minimizing side effects. This field, however, is still in its infancy and has a long way to precede widespread use and translation into clinical practice. Herein, we investigate the pros and cons of these novel strategies by exploring the latest advancements in this field. Ultimately, we briefly discuss the emerging potential applications of these innovations in cancer therapy, neurodegeneration, viral infections, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Azadi Badrbani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Sajad Sarvari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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28
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Donison N, Hintermayer M, Subramaniam M, Santandrea E, Volkening K, Strong MJ. Upregulation of LRRK2 following traumatic brain injury does not directly phosphorylate Thr 175 tau. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1272899. [PMID: 38026695 PMCID: PMC10663351 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1272899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) aggregates are a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with cognitive impairment. While there are many residues phosphorylated on tau, phosphorylation of threonine 175 (pThr175 tau) has been shown to initiate fibril formation in vitro and is present in pathological tau aggregates in vivo. Given this, preventing Thr175 tau phosphorylation presents a potential approach to reduce fibril formation; however, the kinase(s) acting on Thr175 are not yet fully defined. Using a single controlled cortical impact rodent model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which rapidly induces Thr175 tau phosphorylation, we observed an upregulation and alteration in subcellular localization of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a kinase that has been implicated in tau phosphorylation. LRRK2 upregulation was evident by one-day post-injury and persisted to day 10. The most notable changes were observed in microglia at the site of injury in the cortex. To determine if the appearance of pThr175 tau was causally related to the upregulation of LRRK2 expression, we examined the ability of LRRK2 to phosphorylate Thr175in vitro by co-transfecting 2N4R human WT-tau with either LRRK2-WT, constitutively-active LRRK2-G2019S or inactive LRRK2-3XKD. We found no significant difference in the level of pThr175 tau between the overexpression of LRRK2-WT, -G2019S or -3XKD, suggesting LRRK2 does not phosphorylate tau at Thr175. Further, downstream events known to follow Thr175 phosphorylation and known to be associated with pathological tau fibril formation (pSer9-GSK3β and pThr231 tau induction) also remained unchanged. We conclude that while LRRK2 expression is altered in TBI, it does not contribute directly to pThr175 tau generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Donison
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew Hintermayer
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maegha Subramaniam
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Santandrea
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Volkening
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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29
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Davidson R, Krider RI, Borsellino P, Noorda K, Alhwayek G, Vida TA. Untangling Tau: Molecular Insights into Neuroinflammation, Pathophysiology, and Emerging Immunotherapies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8816-8839. [PMID: 37998730 PMCID: PMC10670294 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a core pathological feature observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is rapidly gaining attention as a target in understanding the molecular underpinnings of these disorders. Glial cells, endothelial cells, peripheral immune cells, and astrocytes produce a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that exacerbate the disease progression. Additionally, microglial cells play a complex role in AD, facilitating the clearance of pathological amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plaques and aggregates of the tau protein. Tau proteins, traditionally associated with microtubule stabilization, have come under intense scrutiny for their perturbed roles in neurodegenerative conditions. In this narrative review, we focus on recent advances from molecular insights that have revealed aberrant tau post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and acetylation, serving as pathological hallmarks. These modifications also trigger the activation of CNS-resident immune cells, such as microglia and astrocytes substantially contributing to neuroinflammation. This intricate relationship between tau pathologies and neuroinflammation fosters a cascading impact on neural pathophysiology. Furthermore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning tau's influence on neuroinflammation presents a frontier for the development of innovative immunotherapies. Neurodegenerative diseases have been relatively intractable to conventional pharmacology using small molecules. We further comprehensively document the many alternative approaches using immunotherapy targeting tau pathological epitopes and structures with a wide array of antibodies. Clinical trials are discussed using these therapeutic approaches, which have both promising and disappointing outcomes. Future directions for tau immunotherapies may include combining treatments with Aβ immunotherapy, which may result in more significant clinical outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas A. Vida
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, 625 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (R.D.); (R.I.K.); (P.B.); (K.N.); (G.A.)
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30
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Cozzolino F, Canè L, Sacchettino L, Gatto MC, Iacobucci I, Gatta C, De Biase D, Di Napoli E, Paciello O, Avallone L, Monti M, d’Angelo D, Napolitano F. Preliminary evaluation of the proteomic profiling in the hippocampus of aged grazing cattle. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1274073. [PMID: 37965495 PMCID: PMC10641839 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1274073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is a physiological process associated with physical and cognitive decline; however, in both humans and animals, it can be regarded as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Among several brain regions, hippocampus appears to be more susceptible to detrimental effects of aging. Hippocampus belongs to limbic system and is mainly involved in declarative memories and context-dependent spatial-learning, whose integrity is compromised in an age-dependent manner. In the present work, taking advantage of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics, we sought to identify proteins differentially expressed in the hippocampus of the aged grazing milk cows. Our exploratory findings showed that, out of 707 identified proteins, 112 were significantly altered in old cattle, when compared to the adult controls, and functional clusterization highlighted their involvement in myelination, synaptic vesicle, metabolism, and calcium-related biological pathways. Overall, our preliminary data pave the way for the future studies, aimed at better characterizing the role of such a subcortical brain region in the age-dependent cognitive decline, as well as identifying early aging markers to improve animal welfare and husbandry practices of dairy cattle from intensive livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cozzolino
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”-Via G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Canè
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”-Via G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Sacchettino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Gatto
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”-Via G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”-Via G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Gatta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Evaristo Di Napoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”-Via G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Danila d’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”-Via G. Salvatore, Naples, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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31
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Smith ED, Vo Q, Giasson BI, Borchelt DR, Prokop S, Chakrabarty P. Human tauopathy strains defined by phosphorylation in R1-R2 repeat domains of tau. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:172. [PMID: 37891635 PMCID: PMC10612232 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinctive post-translational modifications (PTM) characterize tau inclusions found in tauopathy patients. Using detergent-insoluble tau isolated from Alzheimer's disease (AD-tau) or Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP-tau) patients, we provide insights into whether phosphorylation of critical residues determine templated tau seeding. Our initial data with phosphorylation-ablating mutations (Ser/Thr → Ala) on select sites of P301L tau showed no changes in seeding efficacy by AD-tau or PSP-tau. Interestingly, when specific sites in the R1-R2 repeat domains (Ser262/Thr263/Ser289/Ser305) were mutated to phosphorylation-mimicking amino acid Glu, it substantially reduced the seeding efficiency of AD-tau, but not PSP-tau seeds. The resultant detergent-insoluble tau shows deficient phosphorylation on AT8, AT100, AT180 and PHF1 epitopes, indicating inter-domain cooperativity. We further identify Ser305 as a critical determinant of AD-tau-specific seeding, whereby the phospho-mimicking Ser305Glu tau abrogates seeding by AD-tau but not PSP-tau. This suggests that phosphorylation on Ser305 could be related to the formation of disease-specific tau strains. Our results highlight the existence of a phospho-PTM code in tau seeding and further demonstrate the distinctive nature of this code in 4R tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan D Smith
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS J484, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS J484, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS J484, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS J484, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS J484, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, BMS J484, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Bitra VR, Challa SR, Adiukwu PC, Rapaka D. Tau trajectory in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from the connectome-based computational models. Brain Res Bull 2023; 203:110777. [PMID: 37813312 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with an impairment of cognition and memory. Current research on connectomics have now related changes in the network organization in AD to the patterns of accumulation and spread of amyloid and tau, providing insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of the disease. In addition, network analysis and modeling focus on particular use of graphs to provide intuition into key organizational principles of brain structure, that stipulate how neural activity propagates along structural connections. The utility of connectome-based computational models aids in early predicting, tracking the progression of biomarker-directed AD neuropathology. In this article, we present a short review of tau trajectory, the connectome changes in tau pathology, and the dependent recent connectome-based computational modelling approaches for tau spreading, reproducing pragmatic findings, and developing significant novel tau targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Raghavulu Bitra
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, P/Bag-0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61614, USA; KVSR Siddartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Paul C Adiukwu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana, P/Bag-0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Deepthi Rapaka
- Pharmacology Division, D.D.T. College of Medicine, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Huang C, Pettitt BM. Parameter Dependence of the Solubility Limit for Disodium Phosphate. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8690-8696. [PMID: 37788371 PMCID: PMC10913426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The solubility limit was calculated for supersaturated solutions of disodium phosphate in water as a function of the sodium-oxygen Lennard-Jones radius parameter Rmin. We found that changes in the sodium-oxygen Rmin were clearly exponentially related to the concentration of the solubility limit. Starting from standard force fields more suited to nucleic acids and phospholipids, only relatively small changes were required to achieve the experimentally known solubility limit. Simultaneously, we found that it was possible to achieve the solubility limit and the osmotic pressure with the same model parameters. Based on transferability, the adjusted Rmin parameter can be used to more accurately model phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Huang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0304, United States
| | - B Montgomery Pettitt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0304, United States
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Abstract
Deposits of the microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) serve as a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Numerous studies have demonstrated that in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Tau undergoes extensive remodeling. The attachment of post-translational modifications distributed throughout the entire sequence of the protein correlates with clinical presentation. A systematic examination of these protein alterations can shed light on their roles in both healthy and diseased states. However, the ability to access these modifications in the entire protein chain is limited as Tau can only be produced recombinantly or through semisynthesis. In this article, we describe the first chemical synthesis of the longest 2N4R isoform of Tau, consisting of 441 amino acids. The 2N4R Tau was divided into 3 major segments and a total of 11 fragments, all of which were prepared via solid-phase peptide synthesis. The successful chemical strategy has relied on the strategic use of two cysteine sites (C291 and C322) for the native chemical ligations (NCLs). This was combined with modern preparative protein chemistries, such as mercaptothreonine ligation (T205), diselenide-selenoester ligation (D358), and mutations of mercaptoamino acids into native residues via homogeneous radical desulfurization (A40, A77, A119, A157, A246, and A390). The successful completion of the synthesis has established a robust and scalable route to the native protein in multimilligram quantities and high purity. In broader terms, the presented strategy can be applied to the preparation of other shorter isoforms of Tau as well as to introduce all post-translational modifications that are characteristic of tauopathies such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt C Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ruiheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Adnan M, DasGupta D, Anwar S, Shamsi A, Siddiqui AJ, Snoussi M, Bardakci F, Patel M, Hassan MI. Mechanistic insights into MARK4 inhibition by galantamine toward therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276179. [PMID: 37795023 PMCID: PMC10546050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hyperphosphorylation of tau is an important event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, leading to the generation of "neurofibrillary tangles," a histopathological hallmark associated with the onset of AD and related tauopathies. Microtubule-affinity regulating kinase 4 (MARK4) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser-Thr (S/T) kinase that phosphorylates tau and microtubule-associated proteins, thus playing a critical role in AD pathology. The uncontrolled neuronal migration is attributed to overexpressed MARK4, leading to disruption in microtubule dynamics. Inhibiting MARK4 is an attractive strategy in AD therapeutics. Methods: Molecular docking was performed to see the interactions between MARK4 and galantamine (GLT). Furthermore, 250 ns molecular dynamic studies were performed to investigate the stability and conformational dynamics of the MARK4-GLT complex. We performed fluorescence binding and isothermal titration calorimetry studies to measure the binding affinity between GLT and MARK4. Finally, an enzyme inhibition assay was performed to measure the MARK4 activity in the presence and absence of GLT. Results: We showed that GLT, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, binds to the active site cavity of MARK4 with an appreciable binding affinity. Molecular dynamic simulation for 250 ns demonstrated the stability and conformational dynamics of the MARK4-GLT complex. Fluorescence binding and isothermal titration calorimetry studies suggested a strong binding affinity. We further show that GLT inhibits the kinase activity of MARK4 significantly (IC50 = 5.87 µM). Conclusion: These results suggest that GLT is a potential inhibitor of MARK4 and could be a promising therapeutic target for AD. GLT's inhibition of MARK4 provides newer insights into the mechanism of GLT's action, which is already used to improve cognition in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debarati DasGupta
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hwang YS, Oh E, Kim M, Lee CY, Kim HS, Chung SJ, Sung YH, Yoon WT, Cho JH, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Chang HJ, Jeon B, Woo KA, Ko SB, Kwon KY, Moon J, Shin C, Kim YE, Lee JY. Plasma neurofilament light-chain and phosphorylated tau as biomarkers of disease severity in Huntington's disease: Korean cohort data. J Neurol Sci 2023; 452:120744. [PMID: 37541133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) and total tau (t-Tau) as plasma markers for clinical severity in Korean Huntington's disease (HD) cohort. METHODS Genetically-confirmed 67 HD patients participated from 13 referral hospitals in South Korea. The subjects were evaluated with the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), total motor score (TMS) and total functional capacity (TFC), Mini-Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), and Beck's depression inventory (K-BDI). We measured plasma NfL, p-Tau and t-Tau concentrations using single-molecule array (SIMOA) assays. Stages of HD were classified based on UHDRS-TFC score and plasma markers were analyzed for correlation with clinical severity scales. RESULTS Plasma NfL was elevated in both 6 premanifest and 61 full manifest HD patients compared to the reference value, which increased further from premanifest to manifest HD groups. The NfL level was not significantly correlated with UHDRS TMS or TFC scores in manifest HD patients. Plasma p-Tau was also elevated in HD patients (p = 0.038). The level was the highest in stage III-V HD (n = 30) group (post-hoc p < 0.05). The p-Tau was correlated with UHDRS TFC scores (adjusted p = 0.002). Plasma t-Tau neither differed among the groups nor associated with any clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS This study supports plasma NfL being a biomarker for initial HD manifestation in Korean cohort, and a novel suggestion of plasma p-Tau as a potential biomarker reflecting the clinical severity in full-manifest HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital & Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungseok Oh
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital & Dementia and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Department of Neurology, Bundang Medical Center, CHA university School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Sung
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chang
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Woo
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Center, Seoul National University Hospital & Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Beom Ko
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyum-Yil Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital & Dementia and Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Genomic Medicine, College of medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea; Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kong F, Wu T, Dai J, Zhai Z, Cai J, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Sun T. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in experimental Alzheimer's disease models: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1205207. [PMID: 37771725 PMCID: PMC10525376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1205207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), a drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been shown to have neuroprotective effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects and potential mechanisms of GLP-1 RAs in AD animal models. 26 studies were included by searching relevant studies from seven databases according to a predefined search strategy and inclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool, and statistical analysis was performed using ReviewManger 5.3. The results showed that, in terms of behavioral tests, GLP-1 RAs could improve the learning and memory abilities of AD rodents; in terms of pathology, GLP-1 RAs could reduce Aβ deposition and phosphorylated tau levels in the brains of AD rodents. The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 RAs in AD involves a range of mechanisms that work synergistically to enhance the alleviation of various pathological manifestations associated with the condition. A total of five clinical trials were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov. More large-scale and high-quality preclinical trials should be conducted to more accurately assess the therapeutic effects of GLP-1 RAs on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Kong
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Dai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Kang X, Wang D, Zhang L, Huang T, Liu S, Feng X, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Ren H, Yuan G. Exendin-4 ameliorates tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes through acting on Wnt/β-catenin/NeuroD1 pathway. Mol Med 2023; 29:118. [PMID: 37667187 PMCID: PMC10478475 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a widely used glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist drug in the treatment of T2D, has been demonstrated the therapeutic effects on diabetic encephalopathy (DE). Especially, the Ex-4 ameliorates the tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive impairment in DE. And these crucial alterations are also important bridge between T2D and AD. However, its unique mechanism is unclear. METHODS The db/db mice, high-fat-diet (HFD) / streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic (HF-diabetic) mice, and high-glucose-damaged (HGD) HT-22 hippocampal cells were enrolled to examine the effects of Ex-4 on AD-like changes in T2D. The Novel object recognition test (NORT) and Morris water maze test (MWMT) were conducted to evaluate the cognitive impairment. The Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) was employed to weaken the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to explore the mechanism of Ex-4 in protecting the brain functions. The JASPAR was based to predict the interaction between NeuroD1 and the promoter region of Ins2. Moreover, the chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-qPCR) and luciferase reporter assays were performed. RESULTS Ex-4 alleviated the tau hyperphosphorylation, increased the brain-derived insulin, and improved the PI3K/AKT/GSK3-β signalling in db/db mice, HF-diabetic mice, and HGD HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells. The NORT and MWMT indicated that Ex-4 alleviated the learning and memory deficits in HF-diabetic mice. The inhibitor Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway significantly blocked the protective effects of Ex-4. Regarding further molecular mechanisms, NeuroD1 was affected by Ex-4 in vivo and in vitro, and the knockdown or overexpression of NeuroD1 suggested its crucial role in promoting the brain insulin by Ex-4. Meanwhile, the ChIP‒qPCR and luciferase reporter assays confirmed the combination between NeuroD1 and the promoter region of the insulin-encoding gene Ins2. And this interaction could be promoted by Ex-4. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that Ex-4 alleviates tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction by increasing Ins2-derived brain insulin through the Wnt/β-catenin/NeuroD1 signaling in T2D. And its also show new lights on part of the progress and mechanism on treatment targets for the DE in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siyue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yaoyao Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhongjing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huihui Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Wellman SM, Coyne OA, Douglas MM, Kozai TDY. Aberrant accumulation of age- and disease-associated factors following neural probe implantation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:046044. [PMID: 37531953 PMCID: PMC10594264 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aceca5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Electrical stimulation has had a profound impact on our current understanding of nervous system physiology and provided viable clinical options for addressing neurological dysfunction within the brain. Unfortunately, the brain's immune suppression of indwelling microelectrodes currently presents a major roadblock in the long-term application of neural recording and stimulating devices. In some ways, brain trauma induced by penetrating microelectrodes produces similar neuropathology as debilitating brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), while also suffering from end-stage neuron loss and tissue degeneration. The goal of the present study was to understand whether there may be any parallel mechanisms at play between brain injury from chronic microelectrode implantation and those of neurodegenerative disorder.Approach. We used two-photon microscopy to visualize the accumulation, if any, of age- and disease-associated factors around chronically implanted electrodes in both young and aged mouse models of AD.Main results. We determined that electrode injury leads to aberrant accumulation of lipofuscin, an age-related pigment, in wild-type and AD mice alike. Furthermore, we reveal that chronic microelectrode implantation reduces the growth of pre-existing Alzheimer's plaques while simultaneously elevating amyloid burden at the electrode-tissue interface. Lastly, we uncover novel spatial and temporal patterns of glial reactivity, axonal and myelin pathology, and neurodegeneration related to neurodegenerative disease around chronically implanted microelectrodes.Significance. This study offers multiple novel perspectives on the possible neurodegenerative mechanisms afflicting chronic brain implants, spurring new potential avenues of neuroscience investigation and design of more targeted therapies for improving neural device biocompatibility and treatment of degenerative brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Olivia A Coyne
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Madeline M Douglas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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40
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Islamie R, Myint SLL, Rojanaratha T, Ritthidej G, Wanakhachornkrai O, Wattanathamsan O, Rodsiri R. Neuroprotective effect of nose-to-brain delivery of Asiatic acid in solid lipid nanoparticles and its mechanisms against memory dysfunction induced by Amyloid Beta 1-42 in mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37608290 PMCID: PMC10464452 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) plays an essential role in the development of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Asiatic acid (AA), an active compound in Centella asiatica L, exhibit neuroprotective properties in previous studies. Due to its low bioavailability, the nose-to-brain delivery technique was used to enhance AA penetration in the brain. In this study, AA was also loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a strategy to increase its absorption in the nasal cavity. METHODS Memory impairment was induced via direct intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42 oligomer into mouse brain. The neuroprotective effect and potential underlying mechanisms were investigated using several memory behavioral examinations and molecular techniques. RESULTS The intranasal administration of AA in SLNs attenuated learning and memory impairment induced by Aβ1-42 in Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. AA significantly inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation of pTau-S396 and pTau-T231 and prevented astrocyte reactivity and microglial activation in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-treated mice. It is also decreased the high levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mouse brain. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that nose-to-brain delivery of AA in SLNs could be a promising strategy to treat the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridho Islamie
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Su Lwin Lwin Myint
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tissana Rojanaratha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Garnpimol Ritthidej
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Oraphan Wanakhachornkrai
- Physiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Onsurang Wattanathamsan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ratchanee Rodsiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Balczon R, Choi CS, deWeever A, Zhou C, Gwin MS, Kolb C, Francis CM, Lin MT, Stevens T. Infection promotes Ser-214 phosphorylation important for generation of cytotoxic tau variants. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23042. [PMID: 37358817 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300620rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Patients who recover from hospital-acquired pneumonia exhibit a high incidence of end-organ dysfunction following hospital discharge, including cognitive deficits. We have previously demonstrated that pneumonia induces the production and release of cytotoxic oligomeric tau from pulmonary endothelial cells, and these tau oligomers can enter the circulation and may be a cause of long-term morbidities. Endothelial-derived oligomeric tau is hyperphosphorylated during infection. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether Ser-214 phosphorylation of tau is a necessary stimulus for generation of cytotoxic tau variants. The results of these studies demonstrate that Ser-214 phosphorylation is critical for the cytotoxic properties of infection-induced oligomeric tau. In the lung, Ser-214 phosphorylated tau contributes to disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, resulting in increased permeability. However, in the brain, both the Ser-214 phosphorylated tau and the mutant Ser-214-Ala tau, which cannot be phosphorylated, disrupted hippocampal long-term potentiation suggesting that inhibition of long-term potentiation was relatively insensitive to the phosphorylation status of Ser-214. Nonetheless, phosphorylation of tau is essential to its cytotoxicity since global dephosphorylation of the infection-induced cytotoxic tau variants rescued long-term potentiation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that multiple forms of oligomeric tau are generated during infectious pneumonia, with different forms of oligomeric tau being responsible for dysfunction of distinct end-organs during pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Balczon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chung-Sik Choi
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Althea deWeever
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chun Zhou
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Meredith S Gwin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Claire Kolb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - C Michael Francis
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mike T Lin
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Troy Stevens
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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42
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Silva JL, Foguel D, Ferreira VF, Vieira TCRG, Marques MA, Ferretti GDS, Outeiro TF, Cordeiro Y, de Oliveira GAP. Targeting Biomolecular Condensation and Protein Aggregation against Cancer. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37379327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates, membrane-less entities arising from liquid-liquid phase separation, hold dichotomous roles in health and disease. Alongside their physiological functions, these condensates can transition to a solid phase, producing amyloid-like structures implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer. This review thoroughly examines the dual nature of biomolecular condensates, spotlighting their role in cancer, particularly concerning the p53 tumor suppressor. Given that over half of the malignant tumors possess mutations in the TP53 gene, this topic carries profound implications for future cancer treatment strategies. Notably, p53 not only misfolds but also forms biomolecular condensates and aggregates analogous to other protein-based amyloids, thus significantly influencing cancer progression through loss-of-function, negative dominance, and gain-of-function pathways. The exact molecular mechanisms underpinning the gain-of-function in mutant p53 remain elusive. However, cofactors like nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans are known to be critical players in this intersection between diseases. Importantly, we reveal that molecules capable of inhibiting mutant p53 aggregation can curtail tumor proliferation and migration. Hence, targeting phase transitions to solid-like amorphous and amyloid-like states of mutant p53 offers a promising direction for innovative cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tuane C R G Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Marques
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia D S Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Pinzi L, Bisi N, Sorbi C, Franchini S, Tonali N, Rastelli G. Insights into the Structural Conformations of the Tau Protein in Different Aggregation Status. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114544. [PMID: 37299020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau is a protein characterized by large structural portions displaying extended conformational changes. Unfortunately, the accumulation of this protein into toxic aggregates in neuronal cells leads to a number of severe pathologies, collectively named tauopathies. In the last decade, significant research advancements were achieved, including a better understanding of Tau structures and their implication in different tauopathies. Interestingly, Tau is characterized by a high structural variability depending on the type of disease, the crystallization conditions, and the formation of pathologic aggregates obtained from in vitro versus ex vivo samples. In this review, we reported an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of Tau structures reported in the Protein Data Bank, with a special focus on discussing the connections between structural features, different tauopathies, different crystallization conditions, and the use of in vitro or ex vivo samples. The information reported in this article highlights very interesting links between all these aspects, which we believe may be of particular relevance for a more informed structure-based design of compounds able to modulate Tau aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bisi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Claudia Sorbi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Tonali
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, Bat. Henri Moissan, 17 Av. des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
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44
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Boyko S, Surewicz WK. Domain-specific modulatory effects of phosphomimetic substitutions on liquid-liquid phase separation of tau protein. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104722. [PMID: 37075845 PMCID: PMC10199205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of tau is one of the major pathogenic events in Alzheimer's disease and several other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent reports demonstrated that tau can condense into liquid droplets that undergo time-dependent transition to a solid-like state, suggesting that liquid condensates may be on the pathway to pathological aggregation of tau. While hyperphosphorylation is a key feature of tau isolated from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, the mechanistic role of phosphorylation in tau liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) remains largely unexplored. In an attempt to bridge this gap, here we performed systematic studies by introducing phosphomimetic substitutions of Ser/Thr residues with negatively charged Asp/Glu residues in different regions of the protein. Our data indicate that the phosphorylation patterns that increase the polarization of charge distribution in full-length tau (tau441) promote protein LLPS, whereas those that decrease charge polarization have an opposite effect. Overall, this study further supports the notion that tau LLPS is driven by attractive intermolecular electrostatic interactions between the oppositely charged domains. We also show that the phosphomimetic tau variants with low intrinsic propensity for LLPS can be efficiently recruited to droplets formed by the variants with high LLPS propensity. Furthermore, the present data demonstrate that phosphomimetic substitutions have a major effect on time-dependent material properties of tau droplets, generally slowing down their aging. The latter effect is most dramatic for the tau variant with substitutions within the repeat domain, which correlates with the decreased fibrillation rate of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Boyko
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Witold K Surewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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45
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Wu M, Chen Z, Jiang M, Bao B, Li D, Yin X, Wang X, Liu D, Zhu LQ. Friend or foe: role of pathological tau in neuronal death. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2215-2227. [PMID: 36918705 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal death is one of the most common pathological hallmarks of diverse neurological diseases, which manifest varying degrees of cognitive or motor dysfunction. Neuronal death can be classified into multiple forms with complicated and unique regulatory signaling pathways. Tau is a key microtubule-associated protein that is predominantly expressed in neurons to stabilize microtubules under physiological conditions. In contrast, pathological tau always detaches from microtubules and is implicated in a series of neurological disorders that are characterized by irreversible neuronal death, such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy-dependent neuronal death and phagocytosis by microglia. However, recent studies have also revealed that pathological tau can facilitate neuron escape from acute apoptosis, delay necroptosis through its action on granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs), and facilitate iron export from neurons to block ferroptosis. In this review, we briefly describe the current understanding of how pathological tau exerts dual effects on neuronal death by acting as a double-edged sword in different neurological diseases. We propose that elucidating the mechanism by which pathological tau affects neuronal death is critical for exploring novel and precise therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Bing Bao
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Dongling Li
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Xueren Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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46
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Latham AS, Geer CE, Ackart DF, Anderson IK, Vittoria KM, Podell BK, Basaraba RJ, Moreno JA. Gliosis, misfolded protein aggregation, and neuronal loss in a guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1157652. [PMID: 37274195 PMCID: PMC10235533 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1157652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, is an ongoing epidemic with an estimated ten million active cases of the disease worldwide. Pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with cognitive and memory deficits, and patients with this disease are at an increased risk for Parkinson's disease and dementia. Although epidemiological data correlates neurological effects with peripheral disease, the pathology in the central nervous system is unknown. In an established guinea pig model of low-dose, aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we see behavior changes and memory loss in infected animals. We correlate these findings with pathological changes within brain regions related to motor, cognition, and sensation across disease progression. This includes microglial and astrocytic proliferation and reactivity. These cellular changes are followed by the aggregation of neurotoxic amyloid β and phosphorylated tau and, ultimately, neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus. Through these data, we have obtained a greater understanding of the neuropathological effects of a peripheral disease that affects millions of persons worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. Latham
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Charlize E. Geer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - David F. Ackart
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Isla K. Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kaley M. Vittoria
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brendan K. Podell
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Randall J. Basaraba
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julie A. Moreno
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Brain Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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47
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Hill SE, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Lemus A, Webster JM, Ospina SR, Darling AL, Martin MD, Patel S, Bridenstine L, Swonger R, Paul S, Blackburn R, Calcul L, Dickey CA, Leahy JW, Blair LJ. Benzothiazole Substitution Analogs of Rhodacyanine Hsp70 Inhibitors Modulate Tau Accumulation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1124-1135. [PMID: 37144894 PMCID: PMC10443619 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) into intracellular neuronal tangles are a hallmark of a range of progressive neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, Pick's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy. The aberrant phosphorylation of tau is associated with tau aggregates in AD. Members of the heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) family of chaperones bind directly to tau and modulate tau clearance and aggregation. Small molecules that inhibit the Hsp70 family of chaperones have been shown to reduce the accumulation of tau, including phosphorylated tau. Here, eight analogs of the rhodacyanine inhibitor, JG-98, were synthesized and evaluated. Like JG-98, many of the compounds inhibited ATPase activity of the cytosolic heat shock cognate 70 protein (Hsc70) and reduced total, aggregated, and phosphorylated tau accumulation in cultured cells. Three compounds, representing divergent clogP values, were evaluated for in vivo blood-brain barrier penetration and tau reduction in an ex vivo brain slice model. AL69, the compound with the lowest clogP and the lowest membrane retention in a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), reduced phosphorylated tau accumulation. Our results suggest that benzothiazole substitutions of JG-98 that increase hydrophilicity may increase the efficacy of these Hsp70 inhibitors to reduce phosphorylated tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E. Hill
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David Beaulieu-Abdelahad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrea Lemus
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Jack M. Webster
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Santiago Rodriguez Ospina
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - April L. Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mackenzie D. Martin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Liznair Bridenstine
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Ronald Swonger
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Steven Paul
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Roy Blackburn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Laurent Calcul
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - James W. Leahy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 303, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Laura J. Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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48
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Fernández Arias J, Therriault J, Thomas E, Lussier FZ, Bezgin G, Tissot C, Servaes S, Mathotaarachchi SS, Schoemaker D, Stevenson J, Rahmouni N, Kang MS, Pallen V, Poltronetti NM, Wang YT, Kunach P, Chamoun M, Quispialaya S KM, Vitali P, Massarweh G, Gauthier S, Rajah MN, Pascoal T, Rosa-Neto P. Verbal memory formation across PET-based Braak stages of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad146. [PMID: 37252014 PMCID: PMC10213301 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A classical early sign of typical Alzheimer's disease is memory decline, which has been linked to the aggregation of tau in the medial temporal lobe. Verbal delayed free recall and recognition tests have consistently probed useful to detect early memory decline, and there is substantial debate on how performance, particularly in recognition tests, is differentially affected through health and disease in older adults. Using in vivo PET-Braak staging, we investigated delayed recall and recognition memory dysfunction across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Our cross-sectional study included 144 cognitively unimpaired elderly, 39 amyloid-β+ individuals with mild cognitive impairment and 29 amyloid-β+ Alzheimer's disease patients from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia cohort, who underwent [18F]MK6240 tau and [18F]AZD4694 amyloid PET imaging, structural MRI and memory assessments. We applied non-parametric comparisons, correlation analyses, regression models and voxel-wise analyses. In comparison with PET-Braak Stage 0, we found that reduced, but not clinically significant, delayed recall starts at PET-Braak Stage II (adjusted P < 0.0015), and that recognition (adjusted P = 0.011) displayed a significant decline starting at PET-Braak Stage IV. While performance in both delayed recall and recognition related to tau in nearly the same cortical areas, further analyses showed that delayed recall rendered stronger associations in areas of early tau accumulation, whereas recognition displayed stronger correlations in mostly posterior neocortical regions. Our results support the notion that delayed recall and recognition deficits are predominantly associated with tau load in allocortical and neocortical areas, respectively. Overall, delayed recall seems to be more dependent on the integrity of anterior medial temporal lobe structures, while recognition appears to be more affected by tau accumulation in cortices beyond medial temporal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernández Arias
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Firoza Z Lussier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stijn Servaes
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sulantha S Mathotaarachchi
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Dorothée Schoemaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Min Su Kang
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Vanessa Pallen
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nina Margherita Poltronetti
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Peter Kunach
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Kely M Quispialaya S
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Paolo Vitali
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- Department of Radiochemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Maria N Rajah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Tharick Pascoal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Correspondence to: Pedro Rosa-Neto, MD, PhD The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging 6825 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada E-mail:
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49
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Eteläinen TS, Silva MC, Uhari-Väänänen JK, De Lorenzo F, Jäntti MH, Cui H, Chavero-Pieres M, Kilpeläinen T, Mechtler C, Svarcbahs R, Seppälä E, Savinainen JR, Puris E, Fricker G, Gynther M, Julku UH, Huttunen HJ, Haggarty SJ, Myöhänen TT. A prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor reduces tau pathology in cellular models and in mice with tauopathy. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq2915. [PMID: 37043557 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, higher-order aggregates, and tau filaments. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major tau dephosphorylating phosphatase, and a decrease in its activity has been demonstrated in tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Prolyl oligopeptidase is a serine protease that is associated with neurodegeneration, and its inhibition normalizes PP2A activity without toxicity under pathological conditions. Here, we assessed whether prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition could protect against tau-mediated toxicity in cellular models in vitro and in the PS19 transgenic mouse model of tauopathy carrying the human tau-P301S mutation. We show that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase with the inhibitor KYP-2047 reduced tau aggregation in tau-transfected HEK-293 cells and N2A cells as well as in human iPSC-derived neurons carrying either the P301L or tau-A152T mutation. Treatment with KYP-2047 resulted in increased PP2A activity and activation of autophagic flux in HEK-293 cells and N2A cells and in patient-derived iNeurons, as indicated by changes in autophagosome and autophagy receptor markers; this contributed to clearance of insoluble tau. Furthermore, treatment of PS19 transgenic mice for 1 month with KYP-2047 reduced tau burden in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid and slowed cognitive decline according to several behavioral tests. In addition, a reduction in an oxidative stress marker was seen in mouse brains after KYP-2047 treatment. This study suggests that inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase could help to ameliorate tau-dependent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony S Eteläinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - M Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Johanna K Uhari-Väänänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Francesca De Lorenzo
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Maria H Jäntti
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hengjing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Marta Chavero-Pieres
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tommi Kilpeläinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Christina Mechtler
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Reinis Svarcbahs
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Erin Seppälä
- School of Medicine / Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Juha R Savinainen
- School of Medicine / Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Elena Puris
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Mikko Gynther
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Ulrika H Julku
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Henri J Huttunen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Herantis Pharma Plc., Espoo 02600, Finland
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Timo T Myöhänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211, Finland
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50
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Diagnostic Role of Tau Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/2791622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Background. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that currently lacks reliable diagnostic biomarkers. The meta-analysis is performed with an aim to evaluate the diagnostic potential of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and their ratio in ALS patients. Methods. A comprehensive search for literature published between the 1st of January 2000 and the 15th of May 2022 was performed in databases PubMed, medRxiv, and Google Scholar. The retrieved articles were first screened by title and abstract, and later, full-text screening was performed based on the eligibility criteria. Data on p-tau and t-tau levels and p-tau/t-tau ratio in ALS patients and controls were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models in Review Manager version 5.4. Results. Data were analyzed from seven studies reporting p-tau and t-tau levels and their ratio among ALS patients and controls. The number of total study participants was 1,100. In ALS patients, the levels of p-tau didn’t differ significantly with controls (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.14 (95% CI: -0.41 to 0.70);
). In contrast, there were significantly elevated levels of t-tau and significantly lowered p-tau/t-tau ratio in ALS (SMD: 1.76 (95% CI: 0.53 to 2.98);
and SMD: -3.09 (95% CI: -5.33 to -0.86);
, respectively). Conclusion. Our meta-analysis study supports the role of core CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration: t-tau and p-tau/t-tau ratio as a diagnostic biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study found that t-tau is elevated while p-tau/t-tau ratio is lowered in ALS.
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