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Bibineyshvili Y, Vajtay TJ, Salsabilian S, Fliss N, Suvarnakar A, Fang J, Teng S, Alder J, Najafizadeh L, Margolis DJ. Imaging the large-scale and cellular response to focal traumatic brain injury in mouse neocortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590835. [PMID: 38712183 PMCID: PMC11071467 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects neural function at the local injury site and also at distant, connected brain areas. However, the real-time neural dynamics in response to injury and subsequent effects on sensory processing and behavior are not fully resolved, especially across a range of spatial scales. We used in vivo calcium imaging in awake, head-restrained male and female mice to measure large-scale and cellular resolution neuronal activation, respectively, in response to a mild TBI induced by focal controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury of the motor cortex (M1). Widefield imaging revealed an immediate CCI-induced activation at the injury site, followed by a massive slow wave of calcium signal activation that traveled across the majority of the dorsal cortex within approximately 30 s. Correspondingly, two-photon calcium imaging in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) found strong activation of neuropil and neuronal populations during the CCI-induced traveling wave. A depression of calcium signals followed the wave, during which we observed atypical activity of a sparse population of S1 neurons. Longitudinal imaging in the hours and days after CCI revealed increases in the area of whisker-evoked sensory maps at early time points, in parallel to decreases in cortical functional connectivity and behavioral measures. Neural and behavioral changes mostly recovered over hours to days in our mild-TBI model, with a more lasting decrease in the number of active S1 neurons. Our results provide novel spatial and temporal views of neural adaptations that occur at cortical sites remote to a focal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bibineyshvili
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Thomas J Vajtay
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Shiva Salsabilian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas Fliss
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Aastha Suvarnakar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer Fang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
| | - Shavonne Teng
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laleh Najafizadeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David J Margolis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway NJ, USA
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McDonald BZ, Tarudji AW, Zhang H, Ryu S, Eskridge KM, Kievit FM. Traumatic brain injury heterogeneity affects cell death and autophagy. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06856-1. [PMID: 38789796 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06856-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) mechanism and severity are heterogenous clinically, resulting in a multitude of physical, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Impact variability influences the origin, spread, and classification of molecular dysfunction which limits strategies for comprehensive clinical intervention. Indeed, there are currently no clinically approved therapeutics for treating the secondary consequences associated with TBI. Thus, examining pathophysiological changes from heterogeneous impacts is imperative for improving clinical translation and evaluating the efficacy of potential therapeutic strategies. Here we utilized TBI models that varied in both injury mechanism and severity including severe traditional controlled cortical impact (CCI), modified mild CCI (MTBI), and multiple severities of closed-head diffuse TBI (DTBI), and assessed pathophysiological changes. Severe CCI induced cortical lesions and necrosis, while both MTBI and DTBI lacked lesions or significant necrotic damage. Autophagy was activated in the ipsilateral cortex following CCI, but acutely impaired in the ipsilateral hippocampus. Additionally, autophagy was activated in the cortex following DTBI, and autophagic impairment was observed in either the cortex or hippocampus following impact from each DTBI severity. Thus, we provide evidence that autophagy is a therapeutic target for both mild and severe TBI. However, dramatic increases in necrosis following CCI may negatively impact the clinical translatability of therapeutics designed to treat acute dysfunction in TBI. Overall, these results provide evidence that injury sequalae affiliated with TBI heterogeneity is linked through autophagy activation and/or impaired autophagic flux. Thus, therapeutic strategies designed to intervene in autophagy may alleviate pathophysiological consequences, in addition to the cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Z McDonald
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St., 264 Morrsion Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St., 264 Morrsion Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 844 N. 16th St., 203 Scott Engineering Center, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 844 N. 16th St., 203 Scott Engineering Center, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 901 N. 17th St., W316 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA
| | - Kent M Eskridge
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege St., 343E Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St., 264 Morrsion Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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Clay AM, Carr RL, DuBien JL, To F. Short-term behavioral and histological findings following a single concussive and repeated subconcussive brain injury in a rodent model. Brain Inj 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38704844 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2024.2349144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE It is unclear of the correlation between a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and repeated subconcussive (RSC) impacts with respect to injury biomechanics. Thus, the present study was designed to determine the behavioral and histological differences between a single mTBI impact and RSC impacts with subdivided cumulative kinetic energies of the single mTBI impact. RESEARCH DESIGN Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a single mTBI impact, RSC impact, sham, or repeated sham groups. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Following a weight drop injury, anxiety-like behavior and general locomotive activity and were assessed using the open field test, while motor coordination was evaluated using a rotarod unit. Neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and microgliosis were assessed using NeuN, GFAP and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry. All assessments were undertaken at 3- and 7-days post impact. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS No behavioral disturbances were observed in injury groups, however, both injury groups did lead to microgliosis following 3-days post-impact. CONCLUSIONS No pathophysiological differences were observed between a single mTBI impact and RSC impacts of the same energy input. Even though a cumulative injury threshold for RSC impacts was not determined, a threshold still may exist where no pathodynamic shift occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Clay
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Russell L Carr
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Janice L DuBien
- Department of Statistics, Mississippi University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Filip To
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
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Blaschke SJ, Rautenberg N, Endepols H, Jendro A, Konrad J, Vlachakis S, Wiedermann D, Schroeter M, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Marklund N, Fink GR, Rueger MA. Early Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment as a Pathological Hallmark in a Novel Model of Closed-Head Concussive Brain Injury (CBI) in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4837. [PMID: 38732053 PMCID: PMC11084321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion, caused by a rotational acceleration/deceleration injury mild enough to avoid structural brain damage, is insufficiently captured in recent preclinical models, hampering the relation of pathophysiological findings on the cellular level to functional and behavioral deficits. We here describe a novel model of unrestrained, single vs. repetitive concussive brain injury (CBI) in male C56Bl/6j mice. Longitudinal behavioral assessments were conducted for up to seven days afterward, alongside the evaluation of structural cerebral integrity by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 9.4 T), and validated ex vivo by histology. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was analyzed by means of fluorescent dextran- as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation, and neuroinflammatory processes were characterized both in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]DPA-714 and ex vivo using immunohistochemistry. While a single CBI resulted in a defined, subacute neuropsychiatric phenotype, longitudinal cognitive testing revealed a marked decrease in spatial cognition, most pronounced in mice subjected to CBI at high frequency (every 48 h). Functional deficits were correlated to a parallel disruption of the BBB, (R2 = 0.29, p < 0.01), even detectable by a significant increase in hippocampal uptake of [18F]DPA-714, which was not due to activation of microglia, as confirmed immunohistochemically. Featuring a mild but widespread disruption of the BBB without evidence of macroscopic damage, this model induces a characteristic neuro-psychiatric phenotype that correlates to the degree of BBB disruption. Based on these findings, the BBB may function as both a biomarker of CBI severity and as a potential treatment target to improve recovery from concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Nora Rautenberg
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-5), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Aileen Jendro
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Jens Konrad
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Susan Vlachakis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-2), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany; (J.K.); (B.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria A. Rueger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany; (N.R.); (A.J.); (M.S.); (G.R.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52428 Juelich, Germany
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Bradfield C, Voo L, Bhaduri A, Ramesh KT. Validation of a computational biomechanical mouse brain model for rotational head acceleration. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01843-5. [PMID: 38662175 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent mouse brain injury experiments examine diffuse axonal injury resulting from accelerative head rotations. Evaluating brain deformation during these events would provide valuable information on tissue level thresholds for brain injury, but there are many challenges to imaging the brain's mechanical response during dynamic loading events, such as a blunt head impact. To address this shortcoming, we present an experimentally validated computational biomechanics model of the mouse brain that predicts tissue deformation, given the motion of the mouse head during laboratory experiments. First, we developed a finite element model of the mouse brain that computes tissue strains, given the same head rotations as previously conducted in situ hemicephalic mouse brain experiments. Second, we calibrated the model using a single brain segment, and then validated the model based on the spatial and temporal strain responses of other regions. The result is a computational tool that will provide researchers with the ability to predict brain tissue strains that occur during mouse laboratory experiments, and to link the experiments to the resulting neuropathology, such as diffuse axonal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Bradfield
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA, 3400 North Charles Street.
| | - Liming Voo
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA, 3400 North Charles Street
| | - Anindya Bhaduri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA, 3400 North Charles Street
| | - K T Ramesh
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA, 3400 North Charles Street
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA, 3400 North Charles Street
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6
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Baucom MR, Price AD, England L, Schuster RM, Pritts TA, Goodman MD. Murine Traumatic Brain Injury Model Comparison: Closed Head Injury Versus Controlled Cortical Impact. J Surg Res 2024; 296:230-238. [PMID: 38295710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various murine models have been utilized to study TBI, including closed head injury (CHI) and controlled cortical impact (CCI), without direct comparison. The aim of our study was to evaluate these models to determine differences in neurological and behavioral outcomes postinjury. METHODS Male C57B/6 mice (9-10 wk) were separated into six groups including: untouched, sham craniotomy (4 mm), CCI 0.9 mm depth of impact, CCI 1.6 mm, CCI 2.2 mm, and CHI. CCI was performed using a 3 mm impact tip at a velocity of 5 m/s, dwell time of 250 ms, and depth as noted above. CHI was completed with a centered 400 g weight drop from 1 cm height. Mice were survived to 14-d (n = 5 per group) and 30-d (n = 5 per group) respectively for histological analysis of p-tau within the hippocampus. These mice underwent Morris Water Maze memory testing and Rotarod motor testing. Serum was collected from a separate cohort of mice (n = 5 per group) including untouched, isoflurane only, CCI 1.6 mm, CHI at 1, 4, 6, and 24 h for analysis of neuron specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) via ELISA. Laser speckle contrast imaging was analyzed prior to and after impact in the CHI and CCI 1.6 mm groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in Morris Water Maze or Rotarod testing times between groups at 14- or 30-d. P-tau was significantly elevated in all groups except CCI 1.6 mm contralateral and CCI 2.2 mm ipsilateral compared to untouched mice at 30-d. P-tau was also significantly elevated in the CHI group at 30 d compared to CCI 1.6 mm contralateral and CCI 2.2 mm on both sides. GFAP was significantly increased in mice undergoing CHI (9959 ± 91 pg/mL) compared to CCI (2299 ± 1288 pg/mL), isoflurane only (133 ± 75 pg/mL), and sham (86 ± 58 pg/mL) at 1-h post TBI (P < 0.0001). There were no differences in serum neuron specific enolase levels between groups. Laser doppler imaging demonstrated similar decreases in cerebral blood flow between CHI and CCI; however, CCI mice had a reduction in blood flow with craniotomy only that did not significantly decrease further with impact. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, CHI leads to increased serum GFAP levels and increased p-tau within the hippocampus at 30-d postinjury. While CCI allows the comparison of one cerebral hemisphere to the other, CHI may be a better model of TBI as it requires less technical expertise and has similar neurological outcomes in these murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Baucom
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam D Price
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa England
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Timothy A Pritts
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Park J, Lee SH, Shin D, Kim Y, Kim YS, Seong MY, Lee JJ, Seo HG, Cho WS, Ro YS, Kim Y, Oh BM. Multiplexed Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Proteomic Alterations in Two Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury Models. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:249-263. [PMID: 38064581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In many cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), conspicuous abnormalities, such as scalp wounds and intracranial hemorrhages, abate over time. However, many unnoticeable symptoms, including cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dysfunction, often last from several weeks to years after trauma, even for mild injuries. Moreover, the cause of such persistence of symptoms has not been examined extensively. Recent studies have implicated the dysregulation of the molecular system in the injured brain, necessitating an in-depth analysis of the proteome and signaling pathways that mediate the consequences of TBI. Thus, in this study, the brain proteomes of two TBI models were examined by quantitative proteomics during the recovery period to determine the molecular mechanisms of TBI. Our results show that the proteomes in both TBI models undergo distinct changes. A bioinformatics analysis demonstrated robust activation and inhibition of signaling pathways and core proteins that mediate biological processes after brain injury. These findings can help determine the molecular mechanisms that underlie the persistent effects of TBI and identify novel targets for drug interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hak Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyoon Shin
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongshin Kim
- Department of Life Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yong Seong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gil Seo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Proteomics Research Team, CHA Future Medicine Research Institute, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, School of Medicine, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71 Ihwajang-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- National Traffic Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, 260 Jungang-ro, Yangpyeong-gun 12564, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kang RJ, Hyeon SJ, Ryu H, Joo H, Bu Y, Kim JH, Suk K. Lipocalin-2 Is a Key Regulator of Neuroinflammation in Secondary Traumatic and Ischemic Brain Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:803-821. [PMID: 36508119 PMCID: PMC10275845 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive glial cells are hallmarks of brain injury. However, whether these cells contribute to secondary inflammatory pathology and neurological deficits remains poorly understood. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) has inflammatory and neurotoxic effects in various disease models; however, its pathogenic role in traumatic brain injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of LCN2 and its role in neuroinflammation following brain injury. LCN2 expression was high in the mouse brain after controlled cortical impact (CCI) and photothrombotic stroke (PTS) injury. Brain levels of LCN2 mRNA and protein were also significantly higher in patients with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) than in normal subjects. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that astrocytes were the major cellular source of LCN2 in the injured brain. Lcn2 deficiency or intracisternal injection of an LCN2 neutralizing antibody reduced CCI- and PTS-induced brain lesions, behavioral deficits, and neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, in cultured glial cells, recombinant LCN2 protein enhanced scratch injury-induced proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and inhibited Gdnf gene expression, whereas Lcn2 deficiency exerted opposite effects. Together, our results from CTE patients, rodent brain injury models, and cultured glial cells suggest that LCN2 mediates secondary damage response to traumatic and ischemic brain injury by promoting neuroinflammation and suppressing the expression of neurotropic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ri Jin Kang
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hyejin Joo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Pharmacological Research Division, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Korea 21 Four KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Cramer SW, Haley SP, Popa LS, Carter RE, Scott E, Flaherty EB, Dominguez J, Aronson JD, Sabal L, Surinach D, Chen CC, Kodandaramaiah SB, Ebner TJ. Wide-field calcium imaging reveals widespread changes in cortical functional connectivity following mild traumatic brain injury in the mouse. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105943. [PMID: 36476979 PMCID: PMC9972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
>2.5 million individuals in the United States suffer mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) annually. Mild TBI is characterized by a brief period of altered consciousness, without objective findings of anatomic injury on clinical imaging or physical deficit on examination. Nevertheless, a subset of mTBI patients experience persistent subjective symptoms and repeated mTBI can lead to quantifiable neurological deficits, suggesting that each mTBI alters neurophysiology in a deleterious manner not detected using current clinical methods. To better understand these effects, we performed mesoscopic Ca2+ imaging in mice to evaluate how mTBI alters patterns of neuronal interactions across the dorsal cerebral cortex. Spatial Independent Component Analysis (sICA) and Localized semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (LocaNMF) were used to quantify changes in cerebral functional connectivity (FC). Repetitive, mild, controlled cortical impacts induce temporary neuroinflammatory responses, characterized by increased density of microglia exhibiting de-ramified morphology. These temporary neuro-inflammatory changes were not associated with compromised cognitive performance in the Barnes maze or motor function as assessed by rotarod. However, long-term alterations in functional connectivity (FC) were observed. Widespread, bilateral changes in FC occurred immediately following impact and persisted for up to 7 weeks, the duration of the experiment. Network alterations include decreases in global efficiency, clustering coefficient, and nodal strength, thereby disrupting functional interactions and information flow throughout the dorsal cerebral cortex. A subnetwork analysis shows the largest disruptions in FC were concentrated near the impact site. Therefore, mTBI induces a transient neuroinflammation, without alterations in cognitive or motor behavior, and a reorganized cortical network evidenced by the widespread, chronic alterations in cortical FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Cramer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel P Haley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laurentiu S Popa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Russell E Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Earl Scott
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Evelyn B Flaherty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Judith Dominguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Justin D Aronson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Luke Sabal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel Surinach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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10
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Clay AM, Carr R, Dubien J, To F. Short-term behavioral and histological changes in a rodent model of mild traumatic brain injury. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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11
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Chan WH, Hsu YJ, Cheng CP, Chou KN, Chen CL, Huang SM, Kan WC, Chiu YL. Assessing the Global Impact on the Mouse Kidney After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Transcriptomic Study. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4833-4851. [PMID: 36042866 PMCID: PMC9420446 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s375088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we use animal models combined with bioinformatics strategies to investigate the potential changes in overall renal transcriptional expression after traumatic brain injury. Methods Microarray analysis was performed after kidney acquisition using unilateral controlled cortical impact as the primary mouse TBI model. Multi-oriented gene set enrichment analysis was performed for differentially expressed genes. Results The results showed that TBI affected the gene set associated with mitochondria function in kidney cells, and a negative enrichment of gene sets associated with immune cell migration and epidermal development was also observed. Analysis of the disease phenotype gene set revealed that differential expression of mitochondria-related genes was associated with lactate metabolism. Alternatively, activation and adhesion of immune cells associated with the complement system may promote autoinflammation in kidney tissue. The simulated immune cell infiltration analysis showed an increase in the proportion of activated memory CD4 T cells and a decrease in the proportion of resting memory CD4 T cells, suggesting that activated memory CD4 T cell infiltration may be involved in the inflammation of renal tissue and cause damage to renal cells, such as principal cells, mesangial cells and loops of Henle cells. Conclusion This study is the first to reveal the effects of brain trauma on the kidney. TBI may affect the expression of mitochondria function-related gene sets in renal cells by increasing lactate. It may also affect renal mesangial cells by inducing increased infiltration of immune cells through mechanisms related to complement system activation or autoimmune antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Chan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiao-Pei Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Nien Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Li Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chih Kan
- Department of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Metabolism of Exogenous [2,4- 13C]β-Hydroxybutyrate following Traumatic Brain Injury in 21-22-Day-Old Rats: An Ex Vivo NMR Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080710. [PMID: 36005582 PMCID: PMC9414923 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is leading cause of morbidity in young children. Acute dysregulation of oxidative glucose metabolism within the first hours after injury is a hallmark of TBI. The developing brain relies on ketones as well as glucose for energy. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the metabolism of ketones early after TBI injury in the developing brain. Following the controlled cortical impact injury model of TBI, 21-22-day-old rats were infused with [2,4-13C]β-hydroxybutyrate during the acute (4 h) period after injury. Using ex vivo 13C-NMR spectroscopy, we determined that 13C-β-hydroxybutyrate (13C-BHB) metabolism was increased in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the brain after TBI. Incorporation of the label was significantly higher in glutamate than glutamine, indicating that 13C-BHB metabolism was higher in neurons than astrocytes in both sham and injured brains. Our results show that (i) ketone metabolism was significantly higher in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the injured brain after TBI; (ii) ketones were extensively metabolized by both astrocytes and neurons, albeit higher in neurons; (iii) the pyruvate recycling pathway determined by incorporation of the label from the metabolism of 13C-BHB into lactate was upregulated in the immature brain after TBI.
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13
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Yang ZY, Wu Y, Li X, Tang T, Wang Y, Huang ZB, Fan R. Bioinformatics Analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs Network-Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction Exerts Neuroprotection of Traumatic Brain Injury Mice in the Subacute Phase. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:772680. [PMID: 35814248 PMCID: PMC9257413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.772680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) is used to treat traumatic brain injury (TBI). XFZYD-based therapies have achieved good clinical outcomes in TBI. However, the underlying mechanisms of XFZYD in TBI remedy remains unclear. The study aimed to identify critical miRNAs and putative mechanisms associated with XFYZD through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. We established a controlled cortical impact (CCI) mice model and treated the mice with XFZYD. The high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) confirmed the quality of XFZYD. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests indicated that XFZYD improved the neurological deficit (p < 0.05) and cognitive function (p < 0.01). Histological analysis validated the establishment of the CCI model and the treatment effect of XFZYD. HE staining displayed that the pathological degree in the XFZYD-treated group was prominently reduced. The transcriptomic data was generated using microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) of the hippocampus. According to cluster analysis, the TBI group clustered together was distinct from the XFZYD group. Sixteen differentially expressed (5 upregulated; 11 downregulated) miRNAs were detected between TBI and XFZYD. The reliability of the sequencing data was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Three miRNAs (mmu-miR-142a-5p, mmu-miR-183-5p, mmu-miR-96-5p) were distinctively expressed in the XFZYD compared with the TBI and consisted of the sequencing results. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the MAPK signaling pathway contributes to TBI pathophysiology and XFZYD treatment. Subsequently, the functions of miR-96-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-142a-5p were validated in vitro. TBI significantly induces the down-expression of miR-96-5p, and up-expression of inflammatory cytokines, which were all inhibited by miR-96-5p mimics. The present research provides an adequate fundament for further knowing the pathologic and prognostic process of TBI and supplies deep insights into the therapeutic effects of XFZYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-yu Yang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuexuan Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze-bing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Fan, ; Ze-bing Huang,
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Fan, ; Ze-bing Huang,
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14
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Lupeol Treatment Attenuates Activation of Glial Cells and Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Neuropathology in Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116086. [PMID: 35682768 PMCID: PMC9181489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) signifies a major cause of death and disability. TBI causes central nervous system (CNS) damage under a variety of mechanisms, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Astrocytes and microglia, cells of the CNS, are considered the key players in initiating an inflammatory response after injury. Several evidence suggests that activation of astrocytes/microglia and ROS/LPO have the potential to cause more harmful effects in the pathological processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have established that lupeol provides neuroprotection through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Aβ and LPS model and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of lupeol on apoptosis caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in TBI have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we explored the role of Lupeol on antiapoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress and its potential mechanism following TBI. In these experiments, adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, TBI, TBI+ Lupeol, and Sham group. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and ROS/LPO assays were performed to investigate the role of lupeol against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Lupeol treatment reversed TBI-induced behavioral and memory disturbances. Lupeol attenuated TBI-induced generation of reactive oxygen species/lipid per oxidation (ROS/LPO) and improved the antioxidant protein level, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the mouse brain. Similarly, our results indicated that lupeol treatment inhibited glial cell activation, p-NF-κB, and downstream signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-1β, in the mouse cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, lupeol treatment also inhibited mitochondrial apoptotic signaling molecules, such as caspase-3, Bax, cytochrome-C, and reversed deregulated Bcl2 in TBI-treated mice. Overall, our study demonstrated that lupeol inhibits the activation of astrocytes/microglia and ROS/LPO that lead to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis followed by TBI.
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15
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Kandell R, Kudryashev JA, Kwon EJ. Targeting the Extracellular Matrix in Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Signal Generation from an Activity-Based Nanosensor. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20504-20516. [PMID: 34870408 PMCID: PMC8716428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health concern and major contributor to death and long-term disability. After the initial trauma, a sustained secondary injury involving a complex continuum of pathophysiology unfolds, ultimately leading to the destruction of nervous tissue. One disease hallmark of TBI is ectopic protease activity, which can mediate cell death, extracellular matrix breakdown, and inflammation. We previously engineered a fluorogenic activity-based nanosensor for TBI (TBI-ABN) that passively accumulates in the injured brain across the disrupted vasculature and generates fluorescent signal in response to calpain-1 cleavage, thus enabling in situ visualization of TBI-associated calpain-1 protease activity. In this work, we hypothesized that actively targeting the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the injured brain would improve nanosensor accumulation in the injured brain beyond passive delivery alone and lead to increased nanosensor activation. We evaluated several peptides that bind exposed/enriched ECM constituents in the brain and discovered that nanomaterials modified with peptides that target hyaluronic acid (HA) displayed widespread distribution across the injury lesion, in particular colocalizing with perilesional and hippocampal neurons. Modifying TBI-ABN with HA-targeting peptide led to increases in activation in a ligand-valency-dependent manner, up to 6.6-fold in the injured cortex compared to a nontargeted nanosensor. This robust nanosensor activation enabled 3D visualization of injury-specific protease activity in a cleared and intact brain. In our work, we establish that targeting brain ECM with peptide ligands can be leveraged to improve the distribution and function of a bioresponsive imaging nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ester J. Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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16
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McDonald BZ, Gee CC, Kievit FM. The Nanotheranostic Researcher’s Guide for Use of Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2021; 2:224-268. [PMID: 35655793 PMCID: PMC9159501 DOI: 10.3390/jnt2040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated global cost of USD 400 billion annually. Both clinical and preclinical behavioral outcomes associated with TBI are heterogeneous in nature and influenced by the mechanism and frequency of injury. Previous literature has investigated this relationship through the development of animal models and behavioral tasks. However, recent advancements in these methods may provide insight into the translation of therapeutics into a clinical setting. In this review, we characterize various animal models and behavioral tasks to provide guidelines for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of treatment options in TBI. We provide a brief review into the systems utilized in TBI classification and provide comparisons to the animal models that have been developed. In addition, we discuss the role of behavioral tasks in evaluating outcomes associated with TBI. Our goal is to provide those in the nanotheranostic field a guide for selecting an adequate TBI animal model and behavioral task for assessment of outcomes to increase research in this field.
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17
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Mira RG, Lira M, Cerpa W. Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms of Glial Response. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740939. [PMID: 34744783 PMCID: PMC8569708 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that involves brain damage due to external forces. TBI is the main factor of death and morbidity in young males with a high incidence worldwide. TBI causes central nervous system (CNS) damage under a variety of mechanisms, including synaptic dysfunction, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Glial cells comprise most cells in CNS, which are mediators in the brain’s response to TBI. In the CNS are present astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and polydendrocytes (NG2 cells). Astrocytes play critical roles in brain’s ion and water homeostasis, energy metabolism, blood-brain barrier, and immune response. In response to TBI, astrocytes change their morphology and protein expression. Microglia are the primary immune cells in the CNS with phagocytic activity. After TBI, microglia also change their morphology and release both pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. Oligodendrocytes are the myelin producers of the CNS, promoting axonal support. TBI causes oligodendrocyte apoptosis, demyelination, and axonal transport disruption. There are also various interactions between these glial cells and neurons in response to TBI that contribute to the pathophysiology of TBI. In this review, we summarize several glial hallmarks relevant for understanding the brain injury and neuronal damage under TBI conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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18
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Menichetti A, Bartsoen L, Depreitere B, Vander Sloten J, Famaey N. A Machine Learning Approach to Investigate the Uncertainty of Tissue-Level Injury Metrics for Cerebral Contusion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:714128. [PMID: 34692652 PMCID: PMC8531645 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.714128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled cortical impact (CCI) on porcine brain is often utilized to investigate the pathophysiology and functional outcome of focal traumatic brain injury (TBI), such as cerebral contusion (CC). Using a finite element (FE) model of the porcine brain, the localized brain strain and strain rate resulting from CCI can be computed and compared to the experimentally assessed cortical lesion. This way, tissue-level injury metrics and corresponding thresholds specific for CC can be established. However, the variability and uncertainty associated with the CCI experimental parameters contribute to the uncertainty of the provoked cortical lesion and, in turn, of the predicted injury metrics. Uncertainty quantification via probabilistic methods (Monte Carlo simulation, MCS) requires a large number of FE simulations, which results in a time-consuming process. Following the recent success of machine learning (ML) in TBI biomechanical modeling, we developed an artificial neural network as surrogate of the FE porcine brain model to predict the brain strain and the strain rate in a computationally efficient way. We assessed the effect of several experimental and modeling parameters on four FE-derived CC injury metrics (maximum principal strain, maximum principal strain rate, product of maximum principal strain and strain rate, and maximum shear strain). Next, we compared the in silico brain mechanical response with cortical damage data from in vivo CCI experiments on pig brains to evaluate the predictive performance of the CC injury metrics. Our ML surrogate was capable of rapidly predicting the outcome of the FE porcine brain undergoing CCI. The now computationally efficient MCS showed that depth and velocity of indentation were the most influential parameters for the strain and the strain rate-based injury metrics, respectively. The sensitivity analysis and comparison with the cortical damage experimental data indicate a better performance of maximum principal strain and maximum shear strain as tissue-level injury metrics for CC. These results provide guidelines to optimize the design of CCI tests and bring new insights to the understanding of the mechanical response of brain tissue to focal traumatic brain injury. Our findings also highlight the potential of using ML for computationally efficient TBI biomechanics investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Menichetti
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Bartsoen
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jos Vander Sloten
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Famaey
- Biomechanics Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Joo H, Bae J, Park JW, Lee BJ, Lee BD, Bu Y. Modified Protocol to Enable the Study of Hemorrhage and Hematoma in a Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model. Front Neurol 2021; 12:717513. [PMID: 34650505 PMCID: PMC8505523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.717513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, many studies using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have presented results without presenting the pathophysiology of the injury-core itself or the temporal features of hemorrhage (Hrr). This might be owing to the removal of the injury-core during the histological procedure. We therefore developed a modified protocol to preserve the injury-core. The heads of mice were obtained after perfusion and were post-fixed. The brains were then harvested, retaining the ipsilateral skull bone; these were post-fixed again and sliced using a cryocut. To validate the utility of the procedure, the temporal pattern of Hrr depending on the impacting depth was analyzed. CCI-TBI was induced at the following depths: 1.5 mm (mild Hrr), 2.5 mm (moderate Hrr), and 3.5 mm (severe Hrr). A pharmacological study was also conducted using hemodynamic agents such as warfarin (2 mg/kg) and coagulation factor VIIa (Coa-VIIa, 1 mg/kg). The current protocol enabled the visual observation of the Hrr until 7 days. Hrr peaked at 1–3 days and then decreased to the normal range on the seventh day. It expanded from the affected cortex (mild) to the periphery of the hippocampus (moderate) and the brain ventricle (severe). Pharmacological studies showed that warfarin pre-treatment produced a massively increased Hrr, concurrent with the highest mortality rate and brain injury. Coa-VIIa reduced the side effects of warfarin. Therefore, these results suggest that the current method might be suitable to conduct studies on hemorrhage, hematoma, and the injury-core in experiments using the CCI-TBI mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Joo
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhyun Bae
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Dae Lee
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Bu
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Faillot M, Chaillet A, Palfi S, Senova S. Rodent models used in preclinical studies of deep brain stimulation to rescue memory deficits. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 130:410-432. [PMID: 34437937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation paradigms might be used to treat memory disorders in patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury. However, proof of concept studies in animal models are needed before clinical translation. We propose here a comprehensive review of rodent models for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke. We systematically review the histological, behavioral and electrophysiological features of each model and identify those that are the most relevant for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Faillot
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France
| | - Antoine Chaillet
- Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes (L2S-UMR8506) - CentraleSupélec, Université Paris Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France, France
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France
| | - Suhan Senova
- Neurosurgery department, Henri Mondor University Hospital, APHP, DMU CARE, Université Paris Est Créteil, Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research, INSERM U955, Team 15, Translational Neuropsychiatry, France.
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21
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Brain microvascular damage linked to a moderate level of strain induced by controlled cortical impact. J Biomech 2021; 122:110452. [PMID: 33901935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral blood vessels play an important role in brain metabolic activity in general and following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in particular. However, the extent to which TBI alters microvessel structure is not well understood. Specifically, how intracranial mechanical responses produced during impacts relate to vascular damage needs to be better studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms and thresholds of brain microvascular injury. Detailed microvascular damage of mouse brain was quantified using Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ex vivo Serial Two-Photon Tomography (STPT) in seven mice that had undergone controlled cortical impact. Mechanical strains were investigated through finite element (FE) modeling of the mouse brain. We then compared the post-injury vessel density map with FE-predicted strain and found a moderate correlation between the vessel length density and the predicted peak maximum principal strains (MPS) (R2 = 0.52). High MPS was observed at the impact regions with low vessel length density, supporting the mechanism of strain-triggered microvascular damage. Using logistic regression, the MPS corresponding to a 50% probability of injury was found to be 0.17. Given the literature reporting MPS of over 0.2 in the human brain for mild TBI/concussion cases, it is highly recommended to consider microvascular damage when investigating mild TBI/concussion in the future.
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22
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Nguyen T, Al-Juboori MH, Walerstein J, Xiong W, Jin X. Impaired Glutamate Receptor Function Underlies Early Activity Loss of Ipsilesional Motor Cortex after Closed-Head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2018-2029. [PMID: 33238833 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounts for the majority of TBI patients, the effects and cellular and molecular mechanisms of mTBI on cortical neural circuits are still not well understood. Given the transient and non-specific functional deficits after mTBI, it is important to understand whether mTBI causes functional deficits of the brain and the underlying mechanism, particularly during the early stage after injury. Here, we used in vivo optogenetic motor mapping to determine longitudinal changes in cortical motor map and in vitro calcium imaging to study how changes in cortical excitability and calcium signals may contribute to the motor deficits in a closed-head mTBI model. In channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2)-expressing transgenic mice, we recorded electromyograms (EMGs) from bicep muscles induced by scanning blue laser on the motor cortex. There were significant decreases in the size and response amplitude of motor maps of the injured cortex at 2 h post-mTBI, but an increase in motor map size of the contralateral cortex in 12 h post-mTBI, both of which recovered to baseline level in 24 h. Calcium imaging of cortical slices prepared from green fluorescent calmodulin proteins-expressing transgenic mice showed a lower amplitude, but longer duration, of calcium transients of the injured cortex in 2 h post-mTBI. Blockade of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors resulted in smaller amplitude of calcium transients, suggesting impaired function of both receptor types. Imaging of calcium transients evoked by glutamate uncaging revealed reduced response amplitudes and longer duration in 2, 12, and 24 h after mTBI. Higher percentages of neurons of the injured cortex had a longer latency period after uncaging than that of the uninjured neurons. The results suggest that impaired glutamate neurotransmission contributes to functional deficits of the motor cortex in vivo, which supports enhancing glutamate neurotransmission as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Medical Neuroscience Program, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mohammed Haider Al-Juboori
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jakub Walerstein
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wenhui Xiong
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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23
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Gabrieli D, Schumm SN, Vigilante NF, Meaney DF. NMDA Receptor Alterations After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induce Deficits in Memory Acquisition and Recall. Neural Comput 2020; 33:67-95. [PMID: 33253030 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) presents a significant health concern with potential persisting deficits that can last decades. Although a growing body of literature improves our understanding of the brain network response and corresponding underlying cellular alterations after injury, the effects of cellular disruptions on local circuitry after mTBI are poorly understood. Our group recently reported how mTBI in neuronal networks affects the functional wiring of neural circuits and how neuronal inactivation influences the synchrony of coupled microcircuits. Here, we utilized a computational neural network model to investigate the circuit-level effects of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor dysfunction. The initial increase in activity in injured neurons spreads to downstream neurons, but this increase was partially reduced by restructuring the network with spike-timing-dependent plasticity. As a model of network-based learning, we also investigated how injury alters pattern acquisition, recall, and maintenance of a conditioned response to stimulus. Although pattern acquisition and maintenance were impaired in injured networks, the greatest deficits arose in recall of previously trained patterns. These results demonstrate how one specific mechanism of cellular-level damage in mTBI affects the overall function of a neural network and point to the importance of reversing cellular-level changes to recover important properties of learning and memory in a microcircuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gabrieli
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
| | - Samantha N Schumm
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
| | - Nicholas F Vigilante
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A.
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24
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Lai C, Chen Y, Wang T, Liu J, Wang Q, Du Y, Feng Y. A machine learning approach for magnetic resonance image-based mouse brain modeling and fast computation in controlled cortical impact. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:2835-2844. [PMID: 32954460 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Computational modeling of the brain is crucial for the study of traumatic brain injury. An anatomically accurate model with refined details could provide the most accurate computational results. However, computational models with fine mesh details could take prolonged computation time that impedes the clinical translation of the models. Therefore, a way to construct a model with low computational cost while maintaining a computational accuracy comparable with that of the high-fidelity model is desired. In this study, we constructed magnetic resonance (MR) image-based finite element (FE) models of a mouse brain for simulations of controlled cortical impact. The anatomical details were kept by mapping each image voxel to a corresponding FE mesh element. We constructed a super-resolution neural network that could produce computational results of a refined FE model with a mesh size of 70 μm from a coarse FE model with a mesh size of 280 μm. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed results was 33.26 dB, while the computational speed was increased by 50-fold. This proof-of-concept study showed that using machine learning techniques, MR image-based computational modeling could be applied and evaluated in a timely fashion. This paved ways for fast FE modeling and computation based on MR images. Results also support the potential clinical applications of MR image-based computational modeling of the human brain in a variety of scenarios such as brain impact and intervention.Graphical abstract MR image-based FE models with different mesh sizes were generated for CCI. The training and testing data sets were computed with 5 different impact locations and 3 different impact velocities. High-resolution strain maps were estimated using a SR neural network with greatly reduced computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Lai
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tianyao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yiping Du
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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25
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Wu Y, Wu H, Guo X, Pluimer B, Zhao Z. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence From Preclinical Murine Models. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1030. [PMID: 32973558 PMCID: PMC7472692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents more than 80% of total TBI cases and is a robust environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Besides direct neuronal injury and neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is also a hallmark event of the pathological cascades after mTBI. However, the vascular link between BBB impairment caused by mTBI and subsequent neurodegeneration remains undefined. In this review, we focus on the preclinical evidence from murine models of BBB dysfunction in mTBI and provide potential mechanistic links between BBB disruption and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Wu
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Haijian Wu
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Guo
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brock Pluimer
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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To XV, Benetatos J, Soni N, Liu D, Mehari Abraha H, Yan W, Panagiotopoulou O, Nasrallah FA. Ultra-High-Field Diffusion Tensor Imaging Identifies Discrete Patterns of Concussive Injury in the Rodent Brain. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:967-982. [PMID: 32394788 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although concussions can result in persistent neurological post-concussion symptoms, they are typically invisible on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Our study aimed to investigate the use of ultra-high-field diffusion tensor imaging (UHF-DTI) in discerning severity-dependent microstructural changes in the mouse brain following a concussion. Twenty-three C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into three groups: the low concussive (LC, n = 9) injury group, the high concussive (HC, n = 6) injury group, and the sham control (SC, n = 7) group. Mice were perfused on day 2 post-injury, and the brains were scanned on a 16.4T MRI scanner with UHF-DTI and neurite orientation dispersion imaging (NODDI). Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to determine the pattern and extent of the physical impact on the brain tissue. MRI findings were correlated with histopathological analysis in a subset of mice. In the LC group, increased fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreased orientation dispersion index (ODI) but limited neurite density index (NDI) changes were found in the gray matter, and minimal changes to white matter (WM) were observed. The HC group presented increased mean diffusivity (MD), decreased NDI, and decreased ODI in the WM and gray matter (GM); decreased FA was also found in a small area of the WM. WM changes were associated with WM degeneration and neuroinflammation. FEA showed varying region-dependent degrees of stress, in line with the different imaging findings. This study provides evidence that UHF-DTI combined with NODDI can detect concussions of variable intensities. This has significant implications for the diagnosis of concussion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Vinh To
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph Benetatos
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neha Soni
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dedao Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyab Mehari Abraha
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenyi Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olga Panagiotopoulou
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fatima A Nasrallah
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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27
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Dal Pozzo V, Crowell B, Briski N, Crockett DP, D’Arcangelo G. Reduced Reelin Expression in the Hippocampus after Traumatic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070975. [PMID: 32610618 PMCID: PMC7407987 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a relatively common occurrence following accidents or violence, and often results in long-term cognitive or motor disability. Despite the high health cost associated with this type of injury, presently there are no effective treatments for many neurological symptoms resulting from TBI. This is due in part to our limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction after injury. In this study, we used the mouse controlled cortical impact (CCI) model to investigate the effects of TBI, and focused on Reelin, an extracellular protein that critically regulates brain development and modulates synaptic activity in the adult brain. We found that Reelin expression decreases in forebrain regions after TBI, and that the number of Reelin-expressing cells decrease specifically in the hippocampus, an area of the brain that plays an important role in learning and memory. We also conducted in vitro experiments using mouse neuronal cultures and discovered that Reelin protects hippocampal neuronal cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, a well-known secondary effect of TBI. Together our findings suggest that the loss of Reelin expression may contribute to neuronal death in the hippocampus after TBI, and raise the possibility that increasing Reelin levels or signaling activity may promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Dal Pozzo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Beth Crowell
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.C.); (N.B.)
| | - Nicholas Briski
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.C.); (N.B.)
| | - David P. Crockett
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Gabriella D’Arcangelo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (B.C.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence:
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28
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Kudryashev JA, Waggoner LE, Leng HT, Mininni NH, Kwon EJ. An Activity-Based Nanosensor for Traumatic Brain Injury. ACS Sens 2020; 5:686-692. [PMID: 32100994 PMCID: PMC7534893 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is detected by medical imaging; however, medical imaging requires expensive capital equipment, is time- and resource-intensive, and is poor at predicting patient prognosis. To date, direct measurement of elevated protease activity has yet to be utilized to detect TBI. In this work, we engineered an activity-based nanosensor for TBI (TBI-ABN) that responds to increased protease activity initiated after brain injury. We establish that a calcium-sensitive protease, calpain-1, is active in the injured brain hours within injury. We then optimize the molecular weight of a nanoscale polymeric carrier to infiltrate into the injured brain tissue with minimal renal filtration. A calpain-1 substrate that generates a fluorescent signal upon cleavage was attached to this nanoscale polymeric carrier to generate an engineered TBI-ABN. When applied intravenously to a mouse model of TBI, our engineered sensor is observed to locally activate in the injured brain tissue. This TBI-ABN is the first demonstration of a sensor that responds to protease activity to detect TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Kudryashev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lauren E. Waggoner
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Hope T. Leng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Mininni
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ester J. Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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29
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Gebril HM, Rose RM, Gesese R, Emond MP, Huo Y, Aronica E, Boison D. Adenosine kinase inhibition promotes proliferation of neural stem cells after traumatic brain injury. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa017. [PMID: 32322821 PMCID: PMC7158236 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern and remains a leading cause of disability and socio-economic burden. To date, there is no proven therapy that promotes brain repair following an injury to the brain. In this study, we explored the role of an isoform of adenosine kinase expressed in the cell nucleus (ADK-L) as a potential regulator of neural stem cell proliferation in the brain. The rationale for this hypothesis is based on coordinated expression changes of ADK-L during foetal and postnatal murine and human brain development indicating a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and plasticity in the brain. We first tested whether the genetic disruption of ADK-L would increase neural stem cell proliferation after TBI. Three days after TBI, modelled by a controlled cortical impact, transgenic mice, which lack ADK-L (ADKΔneuron) in the dentate gyrus (DG) showed a significant increase in neural stem cell proliferation as evidenced by significant increases in doublecortin and Ki67-positive cells, whereas animals with transgenic overexpression of ADK-L in dorsal forebrain neurons (ADK-Ltg) showed an opposite effect of attenuated neural stem cell proliferation. Next, we translated those findings into a pharmacological approach to augment neural stem cell proliferation in the injured brain. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were treated with the small molecule adenosine kinase inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin for 3 days after the induction of TBI. We demonstrate significantly enhanced neural stem cell proliferation in the DG of 5-iodotubercidin-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated injured animals. To rule out the possibility that blockade of ADK-L has any effects in non-injured animals, we quantified baseline neural stem cell proliferation in ADKΔneuron mice, which was not altered, whereas baseline neural stem cell proliferation in ADK-Ltg mice was enhanced. Together these findings demonstrate a novel function of ADK-L involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M Gebril
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.,Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Rizelle Mae Rose
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Raey Gesese
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Martine P Emond
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen (SEIN) Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurosurgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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30
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Ciechanowska A, Popiolek-Barczyk K, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Oggioni M, Mercurio D, De Simoni MG, Mika J. Changes in macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) family members expression induced by traumatic brain injury in mice. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151911. [PMID: 32059938 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A deep knowledge of the profound immunological response induced by traumatic brain injury (TBI) raises the possibility of novel therapeutic interventions. Existing studies have highlighted the important roles of C-C motif ligands in the development of neuroinflammation after brain injury; however, the participation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) family members in this phenomenon is still undefined. Therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate changes in macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (MIP-1) family members (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL9) and their receptors (CCR1 and CCR5) in a mouse model of TBI (induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI)). We also investigated the pattern of activation of immunological cells (such as neutrophils, microglia and astroglia), which on one hand express CCR1/CCR5, and on the other hand might be a source of the tested chemokines in the injured brain. We investigated changes in mRNA (RT-qPCR) and/or protein (ELISA and Western blot) expression in brain structures (the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum) at different time points (24 h, 4 days, 7 days, 2 weeks, and/or 5 weeks) after trauma. Our time-course studies revealed the upregulation of the mRNA expression of all members of the MIP-1 family (CCL3, CCL4, and CCL9) in all tested brain structures, mainly in the early stages after injury. A similar pattern of activation was observed at the protein level in the cortex and thalamus, where the strongest activation was observed 1 day after CCI; however, we did not observe any change in CCL3 in the thalamus. Analyses of CCR1 and CCR5 demonstrated the upregulation of the mRNA expression of both receptors in all tested cerebral structures, mainly in the early phases post injury (24 h, 4 days and 7 days). Protein analysis showed the upregulation of CCR1 and CCR5 in the thalamus 24 h after TBI, but we did not detect any change in the cortex. We also observed the upregulation of neutrophil marker (MPO) at the early time points (24 h and 7 days) in the cortex, while the profound activation of microglia (IBA-1) and astroglia (GFAP) was observed mainly on day 7. Our findings highlight for the first time that CCL3, CCL4, CCL9 and their receptors offer promising targets for influencing secondary neuronal injury and improving TBI therapy. The results suggest that the MIP-1 family is an important target for pharmacological intervention for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ciechanowska
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popiolek-Barczyk
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciapała
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marco Oggioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mercurio
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria-Grazia De Simoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Department of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
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31
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Viscoelastic characterization of injured brain tissue after controlled cortical impact (CCI) using a mouse model. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 330:108463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Zhu B, Eom J, Hunt RF. Transplanted interneurons improve memory precision after traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5156. [PMID: 31727894 PMCID: PMC6856380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of the traumatically injured brain has been envisioned for decades, but regenerating new neurons at the site of brain injury has been challenging. We show GABAergic progenitors, derived from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence, migrate long distances following transplantation into the hippocampus of adult mice with traumatic brain injury, functionally integrate as mature inhibitory interneurons and restore post-traumatic decreases in synaptic inhibition. Grafted animals had improvements in memory precision that were reversed by chemogenetic silencing of the transplanted neurons and a long-lasting reduction in spontaneous seizures. Our results reveal a striking ability of transplanted interneurons for incorporating into injured brain circuits, and this approach is a powerful therapeutic strategy for correcting post-traumatic memory and seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jisu Eom
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Neckel ND, Dai H, Burns MP. A Novel Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Rodent Gait Reveals the Compensation Strategies Used during Spontaneous Recovery from Spinal Cord and Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:517-527. [PMID: 30343623 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As rodent locomotion becomes a more popular behavioral assay, proper rodent gait analysis becomes more and more important. Gait measures, such as stride length, cycle time, and duty factor, are not independent of one another, making statistical comparisons between groups a tricky endeavor. Instead of identifying the mathematical relationships between a group of locomotor measures, we simply tracked the steps of rodents in x,y,t space. By plotting with respect to the reference limb, we are able to quantify locomotor changes in space, time, and coordination simultaneously. With our technique, we show that the overall locomotion of 77 rats 1 week after a C4/5 right overhemisection injury was significantly different than pre-injury. This difference was maintained in untreated animals for the entire 7 weeks of the study, but how this difference arose changed. Initially, the right forelimb exhibited very abnormal stepping, but eventually reduced its difference from pre-injury levels. Conversely, the left forelimb was initially mildly different from pre-injury, but further deviated from normal stepping as the weeks went on. Our new gait analysis technique helps to show the trade-off between the restoration of function and the spontaneous development of compensatory techniques. When we applied this new analysis technique to 13 mice after a severe controlled cortical impact, we found that their locomotion was no different from 12 sham mice for the entire 4 weeks of the study. We believe that this gait analysis method succinctly addresses the confound of interdependency of gait measures and does so across multiple injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Neckel
- Department of Neuroscience. Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Haining Dai
- Department of Neuroscience. Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience. Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Ma Y, Liu T, Fu J, Fu S, Hu C, Sun B, Fan X, Zhu J. Lactobacillus acidophilus Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury. J Nutr 2019; 149:1543-1552. [PMID: 31174208 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes dysbiosis and intestinal barrier disruption, which further exacerbate brain damage via an inflammatory pathway. Gut microbiota remodeling by Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) is a potential intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of LA in TBI and elucidated underlying mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice (aged 8-9 wk) were subjected to weight-drop impact and gavaged with saline (TBI + vehicle) or LA (1 × 1010 CFU) (TBI + LA) on the day of injury and each day after for 1, 3, or 7 d. The sham + vehicle mice underwent craniotomy without brain injury and were gavaged with saline. Sensorimotor functions were determined pre-TBI and 1, 3, and 7 d postinjury. Indexes of neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation, and intestinal barrier function were measured on days 3 and 7. Microbiota composition was measured 3 d postinjury. The data were mainly analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Compared with sham + vehicle mice, the TBI + vehicle mice exhibited impairments in the neurological severity score (+692%, day 3; +600%, day 7) and rotarod test (-58%, day 3; -45%, day 7) (P < 0.05), which were rescued by LA. The numbers of microglia (total and activated) and astrocytes and concentrations of TNF-α and IL1-β in the perilesional cortex were elevated in the TBI + vehicle mice on day 3 or 7 compared with sham + vehicle mice (P < 0.05) and were normalized by LA. Compared with sham + vehicle mice, the TBI + vehicle mice exhibited increased serum concentrations of endotoxin and TNF-α, and intestinal barrier permeability (D-lactate) on days 3 and 7 (P < 0.05), and these changes were alleviated by LA. Three days postinjury, the microbiota composition was disrupted in the TBI + vehicle mice compared with sham + vehicle mice (P < 0.05), which was restored by LA. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that LA exerts neuroprotective effects that may be associated with gut microbiota remodeling in TBI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Fu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shaoli Fu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingci Zhu
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Patel MV, Sewell E, Dickson S, Kim H, Meaney DF, Firestein BL. A Role for Postsynaptic Density 95 and Its Binding Partners in Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2129-2138. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mihir V. Patel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Emily Sewell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samantha Dickson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hyuck Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - David F. Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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36
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Lee SW, Jang MS, Jeong SH, Kim H. Exploratory, cognitive, and depressive-like behaviors in adult and pediatric mice exposed to controlled cortical impact. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2019; 6:125-137. [PMID: 31261483 PMCID: PMC6614057 DOI: 10.15441/ceem.18.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sequelae of behavioral impairments associated with human traumatic brain injury (TBI) include neurobehavioral problems. We compared exploratory, cognitive, and depressive-like behaviors in pediatric and adult male mice exposed to controlled cortical impact (CCI). Methods Pediatric (21 to 25 days old) and adult (8 to 12 weeks old) male C57Bl/6 mice underwent CCI at a 2-mm depth of deflection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed 3 to 7 days after recovery from CCI, and injury volume was analyzed using ImageJ. Neurobehavioral characterization after CCI was performed using the Barnes maze test (BMT), passive avoidance test, open-field test, light/dark test, tail suspension test, and rotarod test. Acutely and subacutely (3 and 7 days after CCI, respectively), CCI mice showed graded injury compared to sham mice for all analyzed deflection depths. Results Time-dependent differences in injury volume were noted between 3 and 7 days following 2-mm TBI in adult mice. In the BMT, 2-mm TBI adults showed spatial memory deficits compared to sham adults (P<0.05). However, no difference in spatial learning and memory was found between sham and 2-mm CCI groups among pediatric mice. The open-field test, light/dark test, and tail suspension test did not reveal differences in anxiety-like behaviors in both age groups. Conclusion Our findings revealed a graded injury response in both age groups. The BMT was an efficient cognitive test for assessing spatial/non-spatial learning following CCI in adult mice; however, spatial learning impairments in pediatric mice could not be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Woo Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Mun-Sun Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Chungbuk Health & Science University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hae Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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37
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Ko J, Hemphill M, Yang Z, Beard K, Sewell E, Shallcross J, Schweizer M, Sandsmark DK, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kim J, Meaney D, Issadore D. Multi-Dimensional Mapping of Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnostics. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:2424-2434. [PMID: 30950328 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complicated by variability in the type and severity of injuries and the multiple endophenotypes that describe each patient's response and recovery to the injury. It has been challenging to capture the multiple dimensions that describe an injury and its recovery to provide clinically useful information. To address this challenge, we have performed an open-ended search for panels of microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers, packaged inside of brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), that can be combined algorithmically to accurately classify various states of injury. We mapped GluR2+ EV miRNA across a variety of injury types, injury intensities, history of injuries, and time elapsed after injury, and sham controls in a pre-clinical murine model (n = 116), as well as in clinical samples (n = 36). We combined next-generation sequencing with a technology recently developed by our lab, Track Etched Magnetic Nanopore (TENPO) sorting, to enrich for GluR2+ EVs and profile their miRNA. By mapping and comparing brain-derived EV miRNA between various injuries, we have identified signaling pathways in the packaged miRNA that connect these biomarkers to underlying mechanisms of TBI. Many of these pathways are shared between the pre-clinical model and the clinical samples, and present distinct signatures across different injury models and times elapsed after injury. Using this map of EV miRNA, we applied machine learning to define a panel of biomarkers to successfully classify specific states of injury, paving the way for a prognostic blood test for TBI. We generated a panel of eight miRNAs (miR-150-5p, miR-669c-5p, miR-488-3p, miR-22-5p, miR-9-5p, miR-6236, miR-219a.2-3p, miR-351-3p) for injured mice versus sham mice and four miRNAs (miR-203b-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-206, miR-185-5p) for TBI patients versus healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Hemphill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zijian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kryshawna Beard
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Sewell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie Shallcross
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melissa Schweizer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle K Sandsmark
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bader M, Li Y, Lecca D, Rubovitch V, Tweedie D, Glotfelty E, Rachmany L, Kim HK, Choi HI, Hoffer BJ, Pick CG, Greig NH, Kim DS. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of PT302, a sustained-release Exenatide formulation, in a murine model of mild traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 124:439-453. [PMID: 30471415 PMCID: PMC6710831 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which no effective pharmacological treatment is available. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues such as Exenatide have previously demonstrated neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal models of TBI. However, chronic or repeated administration was needed for efficacy. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of PT302, a clinically available sustained-release Exenatide formulation (SR-Exenatide) were evaluated in a concussive mild (m)TBI mouse model. A single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of PT302 (0.6, 0.12, and 0.024 mg/kg) was administered and plasma Exenatide concentrations were time-dependently measured over 3 weeks. An initial rapid regulated release of Exenatide in plasma was followed by a secondary phase of sustained-release in a dose-dependent manner. Short- and longer-term (7 and 30 day) cognitive impairments (visual and spatial deficits) induced by weight drop mTBI were mitigated by a single post-injury treatment with Exenatide delivered by s.c. injection of PT302 in clinically translatable doses. Immunohistochemical evaluation of neuronal cell death and inflammatory markers, likewise, cross-validated the neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of SR-Exenatide in this mouse mTBI model. Exenatide central nervous system concentrations were 1.5% to 2.0% of concomitant plasma levels under steady-state conditions. These data demonstrate a positive beneficial action of PT302 in mTBI. This convenient single, sustained-release dosing regimen also has application for other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy and multiple sclerosis where prior preclinical studies, likewise, have demonstrated positive Exenatide actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaad Bader
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vardit Rubovitch
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - David Tweedie
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elliot Glotfelty
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lital Rachmany
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Peptron Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Il Choi
- Peptron Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Walker A, Kim J, Wyatt J, Terlouw A, Balachandran K, Wolchok J. Repeated In Vitro Impact Conditioning of Astrocytes Decreases the Expression and Accumulation of Extracellular Matrix. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:967-979. [PMID: 30706307 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes to the physical and chemical properties of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) occur following injury. It is generally assumed that astrocytes play an important role in these changes. What remain unclear are the triggers that lead to changes in the regulation of ECM by astrocytes following injury. We hypothesize that mechanical stimulation triggers genotypic and phenotypic changes to astrocytes that could ultimately reshape the ECM composition of the central nervous system following injury. To explore astrocyte mechanobiology, an in vitro drop test bioreactor was employed to condition primary rat astrocytes using short duration (10 ms), high deceleration (150G) and strain (20%) impact stimuli. Experiments were designed to explore the effect of single and repeated impact (single vs. double) on mechano-sensitive behavior including cell viability; ECM gene (collagens I and IV, fibronectin, neurocan, versican) and reactivity gene [glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B, vimentin] expression; matrix regulatory cytokine secretion [matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)]; and matrix accumulation [collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)]. Experiments revealed that both ECM and reactive gliosis gene expression was significantly decreased in response to impact conditioning. The decreases for several genes, including collagen, versican, and GFAP were sensitive to impact number, suggesting mechano-sensitivity to repeated impact conditioning. The measured decreases in ECM gene expression were supported by longer-term in vitro experiments that demonstrated significant decreases in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) and collagen accumulation within impact conditioned 3-D scaffolds accompanied by a 25% decrease in elastic modulus. Overall, the general trend across all samples was towards altered ECM and reactive gliosis gene expression in response to impact. These results suggest that the regulation of ECM production by astrocytes is sensitive to mechanical stimuli, and that repeated impact conditioning may increase this sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Johntaehwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Joseph Wyatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Abby Terlouw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wolchok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 125 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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Anthony Jalin AMA, Jin R, Wang M, Li G. EPPS treatment attenuates traumatic brain injury in mice by reducing Aβ burden and ameliorating neuronal autophagic flux. Exp Neurol 2019; 314:20-33. [PMID: 30639321 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden and impaired neuronal autophagy contribute to secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulphonic acid (EPPS) treatment has been reported to reduce Aβ aggregation and rescue behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease-like mice. Here, we investigated neuroprotective effects of EPPS in a mouse model of TBI. Mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) were treated with EPPS (120 mg/kg, orally) immediately after CCI and thereafter once daily for 3 or 7 days. We found that EPPS treatment profoundly reduced the accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) and Aβ over a widespread area detected in the pericontusional cortex, external capsule (EC), and hippocampal CA1 and CA3 at 3 days after TBI, accompanied by significant reduction in the TBI-induced diffuse axonal injury identified by increased immunoreactivity of SMI-32 (an indicator for axonal damage). We also found that EPPS treatment ameliorated the TBI-induced synaptic damage (as reflected by enhanced postsynaptic density 95, PSD-95), and impairment of autophagy flux in the neurons as reflected by reduced autophagy markers (LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and p62/SQSTM1) and increased lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D (CTSD) in neurons detected in the cortex and hippocampal CA1. As a result, EPPS treatment significantly reduced the TBI-induced early neuronal apoptosis (assessed by active caspase-3), and eventually prevented cortical tissue loss and hippocampal neuronal loss at 28 days after TBI. Additionally, we found that inhibition of autophagic flux with chloroquine by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion significantly reversed the decreased expressions of neuronal p62/SQSTM1 and apoptosis by EPPS treatment. These data suggest that the neuroprotection by EPPS is, at least in part, related to improved autophagy flux. Finally, we found that EPPS treatment significantly improved the cortex-dependent motor and hippocampal-dependent cognitive deficits associated with TBI. Taken together, these findings support the further investigation of EPPS as a treatment for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA.
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA.
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Ma X, Aravind A, Pfister BJ, Chandra N, Haorah J. Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury and Assessment of Injury Severity. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5332-5345. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bolton-Hall AN, Hubbard WB, Saatman KE. Experimental Designs for Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Challenges and Considerations. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:1203-1221. [PMID: 30351225 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) is a growing public concern, as evidence mounts that even brain injuries classified as "mild" can result in persistent neurological dysfunction. Multiple brain injuries heighten the likelihood of worsened or more prolonged symptomatology and may trigger long-term neurodegeneration. Animal models provide a logical platform to identify key parameters, such as loading forces, duration between injuries, and number of injuries, which contribute to additive or synergistic damage after repeated mild TBI. Despite the tremendous increase in research productivity in the field of repeated mild TBI, relatively few studies have been designed in such a way as to provide experimental-based insights into the dependence of cellular and functional outcomes on the prescribed parameters of mild TBI. In this review, we summarize how standard models of TBI have been adapted to produce mild TBI and highlight commonly observed aspects of neuropathology replicated in rodent models of mild TBI. The complexity of designing studies of repeated TBI is discussed, including challenges of incorporating appropriate control groups, informative experimental design, and relevant outcome measures. We then feature studies that provide a well-controlled, within-study design varying either the number of injuries or the interinjury interval. Harnessing the power of experimental models of TBI to elucidate which injury parameters are critical contributors to acute and chronic damage after repeated injury can further efforts at prevention and provide improved models for testing mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Bolton-Hall
- 1 Department of Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - W Brad Hubbard
- 1 Department of Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,3 Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kathryn E Saatman
- 1 Department of Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.,4 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky
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Mao H, Lu L, Bian K, Clausen F, Colgan N, Gilchrist M. Biomechanical analysis of fluid percussion model of brain injury. J Biomech 2018; 77:228-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Swiatkowski P, Sewell E, Sweet ES, Dickson S, Swanson RA, McEwan SA, Cuccolo N, McDonnell ME, Patel MV, Varghese N, Morrison B, Reitz AB, Meaney DF, Firestein BL. Cypin: A novel target for traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 119:13-25. [PMID: 30031156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic PSD-95 interactor (cypin), the primary guanine deaminase in the brain, plays key roles in shaping neuronal circuits and regulating neuronal survival. Despite this pervasive role in neuronal function, the ability for cypin activity to affect recovery from acute brain injury is unknown. A key barrier in identifying the role of cypin in neurological recovery is the absence of pharmacological tools to manipulate cypin activity in vivo. Here, we use a small molecule screen to identify two activators and one inhibitor of cypin's guanine deaminase activity. The primary screen identified compounds that change the initial rate of guanine deamination using a colorimetric assay, and secondary screens included the ability of the compounds to protect neurons from NMDA-induced injury and NMDA-induced decreases in frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Hippocampal neurons pretreated with activators preserved electrophysiological function and survival after NMDA-induced injury in vitro, while pretreatment with the inhibitor did not. The effects of the activators were abolished when cypin was knocked down. Administering either cypin activator directly into the brain one hour after traumatic brain injury significantly reduced fear conditioning deficits 5 days after injury, while delivering the cypin inhibitor did not improve outcome after TBI. Together, these data demonstrate that cypin activation is a novel approach for improving outcome after TBI and may provide a new pathway for reducing the deficits associated with TBI in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Swiatkowski
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
| | - Emily Sewell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
| | - Eric S Sweet
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
| | - Samantha Dickson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
| | - Rachel A Swanson
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
| | - Sara A McEwan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
| | - Nicholas Cuccolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
| | - Mark E McDonnell
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - Mihir V Patel
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA; Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA
| | - Nevin Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center, Inc., Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6391, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA.
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HUA YI, WILSON CHRISTINAL, LIN SHENGMAO, DUTTA DIGANTA, KIDAMBI SRIVATSAN, GU LINXIA. TRAUMATIC INJURY OF ASTROCYTES: AN IN VITRO STUDY. J MECH MED BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519418500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to determine the injury criterion for primary rat cortical astrocytes through an in vitro traumatic injury model. The compressed air pressure was used to reproduce typical blast pressure profile, which could induce biaxial strain up to 100% in millisecond for cells cultured on flexible membrane utilizing a controlled cellular injury (CCI) device. The nominal pressure and time settings could be adjusted to accommodate a wide range of membrane strain and strain rate, which was estimated from finite element models. The relationship between the peak membrane displacement/strain and the nominal settings of the CCI device was then established. The model was calibrated using both high-speed imaging system and a theoretical model. The viability and morphology of the astrocytes were characterized and correlated with the strain level. Three different regimes were identified in the stretch-induced dose-response curves of the primary cortical astrocytes, with a sharp decline from live to dead in a narrow range of membrane strain (18%–35%). The level of actin organization of the astrocytes decreased as the membrane strain increased. This work could facilitate the understanding of cellar behaviors subjected to mild blast loadings and the potential tissue engineering therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- YI HUA
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - CHRISTINA L. WILSON
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular, Engineering University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - SHENGMAO LIN
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - DIGANTA DUTTA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - SRIVATSAN KIDAMBI
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular, Engineering University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, NE 68198, USA
| | - LINXIA GU
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Folweiler KA, Samuel S, Metheny HE, Cohen AS. Diminished Dentate Gyrus Filtering of Cortical Input Leads to Enhanced Area Ca3 Excitability after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1304-1317. [PMID: 29338620 PMCID: PMC5962932 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disrupts hippocampal function and can lead to long-lasting episodic memory impairments. The encoding of episodic memories relies on spatial information processing within the hippocampus. As the primary entry point for spatial information into the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus is thought to function as a physiological gate, or filter, of afferent excitation before reaching downstream area Cornu Ammonis (CA3). Although injury has previously been shown to alter dentate gyrus network excitability, it is unknown whether mTBI affects dentate gyrus output to area CA3. In this study, we assessed hippocampal function, specifically the interaction between the dentate gyrus and CA3, using behavioral and electrophysiological techniques in ex vivo brain slices 1 week following mild lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI). Behaviorally, LFPI mice were found to be impaired in an object-place recognition task, indicating that spatial information processing in the hippocampus is disrupted. Extracellular recordings and voltage-sensitive dye imaging demonstrated that perforant path activation leads to the aberrant spread of excitation from the dentate gyrus into area CA3 along the mossy fiber pathway. These results suggest that after mTBI, the dentate gyrus has a diminished capacity to regulate cortical input into the hippocampus, leading to increased CA3 network excitability. The loss of the dentate filtering efficacy reveals a potential mechanism by which hippocampal-dependent spatial information processing is disrupted, and may contribute to memory dysfunction after mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A. Folweiler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandy Samuel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah E. Metheny
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Akiva S. Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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De Kegel D, Vastmans J, Fehervary H, Depreitere B, Vander Sloten J, Famaey N. Biomechanical characterization of human dura mater. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 79:122-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jang H, Huang S, Hammer DX, Wang L, Rafi H, Ye M, Welle CG, Fisher JAN. Alterations in neurovascular coupling following acute traumatic brain injury. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:045007. [PMID: 29296629 PMCID: PMC5741992 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.4.045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Following acute traumatic brain injury (TBI), timely transport to a hospital can significantly improve the prognosis for recovery. There is, however, a dearth of quantitative biomarkers for brain injury that can be rapidly acquired and interpreted in active, field environments in which TBIs are frequently incurred. We explored potential functional indicators for TBI that can be noninvasively obtained through portable detection modalities, namely optical and electrophysiological approaches. By combining diffuse correlation spectroscopy with colocalized electrophysiological measurements in a mouse model of TBI, we observed concomitant alterations in sensory-evoked cerebral blood flow (CBF) and electrical potentials following controlled cortical impact. Injury acutely reduced the peak amplitude of both electrophysiological and CBF responses, which mostly recovered to baseline values within 30 min, and intertrial variability for these parameters was also acutely altered. Notably, the postinjury dynamics of the CBF overshoot and undershoot amplitudes differed significantly; whereas the amplitude of the initial peak of stimulus-evoked CBF recovered relatively rapidly, the ensuing undershoot did not appear to recover within 30 min of injury. Additionally, acute injury induced apparent low-frequency oscillatory behavior in CBF ([Formula: see text]). Histological assessment indicated that these physiological alterations were not associated with any major, persisting anatomical changes. Several time-domain features of the blood flow and electrophysiological responses showed strong correlations in recovery kinetics. Overall, our results reveal an array of stereotyped, injury-induced alterations in electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses that can be rapidly obtained using a combination of portable detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyounguk Jang
- New York Medical College, Department of Physiology, Valhalla, New York, United States
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Stanley Huang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Daniel X. Hammer
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- New York Medical College, Department of Physiology, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Harmain Rafi
- New York Medical College, Department of Physiology, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Meijun Ye
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
| | - Cristin G. Welle
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
- University of Colorado Denver, Departments of Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jonathan A. N. Fisher
- New York Medical College, Department of Physiology, Valhalla, New York, United States
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biomedical Physics, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
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Hoffer BJ, Pick CG, Hoffer ME, Becker RE, Chiang YH, Greig NH. Repositioning drugs for traumatic brain injury - N-acetyl cysteine and Phenserine. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:71. [PMID: 28886718 PMCID: PMC5591517 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of both young adults of less than 45 years of age and the elderly, and contributes to about 30% of all injury deaths in the United States of America. Whereas there has been a significant improvement in our understanding of the mechanism that underpin the primary and secondary stages of damage associated with a TBI incident, to date however, this knowledge has not translated into the development of effective new pharmacological TBI treatment strategies. Prior experimental and clinical studies of drugs working via a single mechanism only may have failed to address the full range of pathologies that lead to the neuronal loss and cognitive impairment evident in TBI and other disorders. The present review focuses on two drugs with the potential to benefit multiple pathways considered important in TBI. Notably, both agents have already been developed into human studies for other conditions, and thus have the potential to be rapidly repositioned as TBI therapies. The first is N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) that is currently used in over the counter medications for its anti-inflammatory properties. The second is (-)-phenserine ((-)-Phen) that was originally developed as an experimental Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug. We briefly review background information about TBI and subsequently review literature suggesting that NAC and (-)-Phen may be useful therapeutic approaches for TBI, for which there are no currently approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Hoffer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Chaim G Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael E Hoffer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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50
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Jamnia N, Urban JH, Stutzmann GE, Chiren SG, Reisenbigler E, Marr R, Peterson DA, Kozlowski DA. A Clinically Relevant Closed-Head Model of Single and Repeat Concussive Injury in the Adult Rat Using a Controlled Cortical Impact Device. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1351-1363. [PMID: 27762651 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeat concussions (RC) can result in significant long-term neurological consequences and increased risk for neurodegenerative disease compared with single concussion (SC). Mechanisms underlying this difference are poorly understood and best elucidated using an animal model. To the best of our knowledge, there is no closed-head model in the adult rat using a commercially available device. We developed a novel and clinically relevant closed-head injury (CHI) model of both SC and RC in the adult rat using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device. Adult rats received either a single or repeat CHI (three injuries, 48 h apart), and acute deficits in sensorimotor and locomotor function (foot fault; open field), memory (novel object), and anxiety (open field; corticosterone [CORT]) were measured. Assessment of cellular pathology was also conducted. Within the first week post-CHI, rats with SC or RC showed similar deficits in motor coordination, decreased locomotion, and higher resting CORT levels. Rats with an SC had memory deficits post-injury day (PID) 3 that recovered to sham levels by PID 7; however, rats with RC continued to show memory deficits. No obvious gross pathology was observed on the cortical surface or in coronal sections. Further examination showed thinning of the cortex and corpus callosum in RC animals compared with shams and increased axonal pathology in the corpus callosum of both SC and RC animals. Our data present a model of CHI that results in clinically relevant markers of concussion and an early differentiation between SC and RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Jamnia
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Janice H Urban
- 2 Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- 3 Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarah G Chiren
- 3 Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily Reisenbigler
- 3 Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert Marr
- 3 Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- 3 Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
- 4 Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , North Chicago, Illinois
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