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Kasanga EA, Soto I, Centner A, McManus R, Shifflet MK, Navarrete W, Han Y, Lisk J, Ehrhardt T, Wheeler K, Mhatre-Winters I, Richardson JR, Bishop C, Nejtek VA, Salvatore MF. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise alleviates motor deficits in 6-OHDA lesioned rats and reduces serum levels of biomarkers of Parkinson's disease severity without recovery of striatal dopamine or tyrosine hydroxylase. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114875. [PMID: 38944332 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Alleviation of motor impairment by aerobic exercise (AE) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients points to activation of neurobiological mechanisms that may be targetable by therapeutic approaches. However, evidence for AE-related recovery of striatal dopamine (DA) signaling or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss has been inconsistent in rodent studies. This ambiguity may be related to the timing of AE intervention in relation to the status of nigrostriatal neuron loss. Here, we replicated human PD at diagnosis by establishing motor impairment with >80% striatal DA and TH loss prior to initiating AE, and assessed its potential to alleviate motor decline and restore DA and TH loss. We also evaluated if serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), biomarkers of human PD severity, changed in response to AE. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was infused unilaterally into rat medial forebrain bundle to induce progressive nigrostriatal neuron loss over 28 days. Moderate intensity AE (3× per week, 40 min/session), began 8-10 days post-lesion following establishment of impaired forelimb use. Striatal tissue DA, TH protein and mRNA, and serum levels of NfL/GFAP were determined 3-wks after AE began. Despite severe striatal DA depletion at AE initiation, forelimb use deficits and hypokinesia onset were alleviated by AE, without recovery of striatal DA or TH protein loss, but reduced NfL and GFAP serum levels. This proof-of-concept study shows AE alleviates motor impairment when initiated with >80% striatal DA loss without obligate recovery of striatal DA or TH protein. Moreover, the AE-related reduction of NfL and GFAP serum levels may serve as objective blood-based biomarkers of AE efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella A Kasanga
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Isabel Soto
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Ashley Centner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert McManus
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Marla K Shifflet
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Walter Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Yoonhee Han
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jerome Lisk
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Travis Ehrhardt
- Clearcut Ortho Rehab & Diagnostics, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Ken Wheeler
- Clearcut Ortho Rehab & Diagnostics, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Isha Mhatre-Winters
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Christopher Bishop
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States of America
| | - Vicki A Nejtek
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael F Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States of America.
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2
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de Abreu FMC, de Oliveira DA, de Araujo Romero Ferrari SS, E Silva KHCV, Titze-de-Almeida R, Titze-de-Almeida SS. Exploring circular RNAs as biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and their expression changes after aerobic exercise rehabilitation. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:130. [PMID: 39069524 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are circularized single-stranded ribonucleic acids that interacts with DNA, RNA, and proteins to play critical roles in cell biology. CircRNAs regulate microRNA content, gene expression, and may code for specific peptides. Indeed, circRNAs are differentially expressed in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), playing a potential role in the mechanisms of brain pathology. The RNA molecules with aberrant expression in the brain can cross the blood-brain barrier and reach the bloodstream, which enable their use as non-invasive PD disease biomarker. Promising targets with valuable discriminatory ability in combined circRNA signatures include MAPK9_circ_0001566, SLAIN1_circ_0000497, SLAIN2_circ_0126525, PSEN1_circ_0003848, circ_0004381, and circ_0017204. On the other hand, regular exercises are effective therapy for mitigating PD symptoms, promoting neuroprotective effects with epigenetic modulation. Aerobic exercises slow symptom progression in PD by improving motor control, ameliorating higher functions, and enhancing brain activity and neuropathology. These improvements are accompanied by changes circRNA expression, including hsa_circ_0001535 (circFAM13B) and hsa_circ_0000437 (circCORO1C). The sensitivity of current methods for detecting circulating circRNAs is considered a limitation. While amplification kits already exist for low-abundant microRNAs, similar kits are needed for circRNAs. Alternatively, the use of digital PCR can help overcome this constraint. The current review examines the potential use of circRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers of PD and to assess the effects of rehabilitation. Although circRNAs hold promise as targets for PD diagnosis and therapeutics, further validation is needed before their clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Maria Campos de Abreu
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Campus Taguatinga, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília DF, Brazil
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory / FAV, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Deborah Almeida de Oliveira
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory / FAV, Brasília, Brazil
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Research Center for Major Themes - Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Simplício de Araujo Romero Ferrari
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory / FAV, Brasília, Brazil
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Research Center for Major Themes - Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory / FAV, Brasília, Brazil
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Research Center for Major Themes - Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simoneide Souza Titze-de-Almeida
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Technology for Gene Therapy Laboratory / FAV, Brasília, Brazil.
- University of Brasília - Central Institute of Sciences, Research Center for Major Themes - Neurodegenerative Disorders Group, Brasília, Brazil.
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3
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Oosterhof TH, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR, de Vries NM. Considerations on How to Prevent Parkinson's Disease Through Exercise. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD240091. [PMID: 39031383 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) necessitates a high priority for finding interventions to delay or even prevent the onset of PD. There is converging evidence that exercise may exert disease-modifying effects in people with clinically manifest PD, but whether exercise also has a preventive effect or is able to modify the progression of the pathology in the prodromal phase of PD is unclear. Here we provide some considerations on the design of trials that aim to prevent PD through exercise. First, we discuss the who could benefit from exercise, and potential exercise-related risks. Second, we discuss what specific components of exercise mediate the putative disease-modifying effects. Third, we address how methodological challenges such as blinding, adherence and remote monitoring could be handled and how we can measure the efficacy of exercise as modifier of the course of prodromal PD. We hope that these considerations help in designing exercise prevention trials for persons at risk of developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Oosterhof
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nienke M de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Centre of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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4
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Zhang J, Xie D, Jiao D, Zhou S, Liu S, Ju Z, Hu L, Qi L, Yao C, Zhao C. From inflammatory signaling to neuronal damage: Exploring NLR inflammasomes in ageing neurological disorders. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32688. [PMID: 38975145 PMCID: PMC11226848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of neuronal degeneration and damage is a major obstacle in ageing medicine. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors detect environmental stressors and trigger the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can cause neuronal damage and accelerate cell death. NLR (NOD-like receptors) inflammasomes are protein complexes that contain NOD-like receptors. Studying the role of NLR inflammasomes in ageing-related neurological disorders can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of neurodegeneration. This includes investigating their activation of inflammasomes, transcription, and capacity to promote or inhibit inflammatory signaling, as well as exploring strategies to regulate NLR inflammasomes levels. This review summarizes the use of NLR inflammasomes in guiding neuronal degeneration and injury during the ageing process, covering several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and peripheral neuropathies. To improve the quality of life and slow the progression of neurological damage, NLR-based treatment strategies, including inhibitor-related therapies and physical therapy, are presented. Additionally, important connections between age-related neurological disorders and NLR inflammasomes are highlighted to guide future research and facilitate the development of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dong Xie
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Danli Jiao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ziyong Ju
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Hu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Qi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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5
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Brague JC, Sinha GP, Henry DA, Headrick DJ, Hamdan Z, Hooks BM, Seal RP. Dopamine-mediated plasticity preserves excitatory connections to direct pathway striatal projection neurons and motor function in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596192. [PMID: 38854096 PMCID: PMC11160626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) such as bradykinesia and akinesia are debilitating, and treatment options remain inadequate. The loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in PD produces motor symptoms by shifting the balance of striatal output from the direct (go) to indirect (no-go) pathway in large part through changes in the excitatory connections and intrinsic excitabilities of the striatal projection neurons (SPNs). Here, we report using two different experimental models that a transient increase in striatal dopamine and enhanced D1 receptor activation, during 6-OHDA dopamine depletion, prevent the loss of mature spines and dendritic arbors on direct pathway projection neurons (dSPNs) and normal motor behavior for up to 5 months. The primary motor cortex and midline thalamic nuclei provide the major excitatory connections to SPNs. Using ChR2-assisted circuit mapping to measure inputs from motor cortex M1 to dorsolateral dSPNs, we observed a dramatic reduction in both experimental model mice and controls following dopamine depletion. Changes in the intrinsic excitabilities of SPNs were also similar to controls following dopamine depletion. Future work will examine thalamic connections to dSPNs. The findings reported here reveal previously unappreciated plasticity mechanisms within the basal ganglia that can be leveraged to treat the motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A. Henry
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Daniel J. Headrick
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Zane Hamdan
- Department of Neurobiology and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
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Dhiman S, Mannan A, Taneja A, Mohan M, Singh TG. Sirtuin dysregulation in Parkinson's disease: Implications of acetylation and deacetylation processes. Life Sci 2024; 342:122537. [PMID: 38428569 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects motor function and is caused by a gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's substantia pars compacta (Snpc) region. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis, which results in impaired cellular functions and neuronal degeneration. However, the role of sirtuins, a type of NAD+-dependent deacetylase, in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has recently been investigated. Sirtuins are essential for preserving cellular homeostasis because they control a number of biological processes, such as metabolism, apoptosis, and DNA repair. This review shed lights on the dysregulation of sirtuin activity in PD, highlighting the role that acetylation and deacetylation processes play in the development of the disease. Key regulators of protein acetylation, sirtuins have been found to be involved in the aberrant acetylation of vital substrates linked to PD pathology when their balance is out of balance. The hallmark characteristics of PD such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction have all been linked to the dysregulation of sirtuin expression and activity. Furthermore, we have also explored how the modulators of sirtuins can be a promising therapeutic intervention in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ayushi Taneja
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Maneesh Mohan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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7
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Feigl B, Lewis SJG, Rawashdeh O. Targeting sleep and the circadian system as a novel treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:1483-1491. [PMID: 37943299 PMCID: PMC10896880 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of the wide range of sleep-wake disturbances that occur frequently in Parkinson's disease. These are known to be associated with a range of motor and non-motor symptoms and significantly impact not only on the quality of life of the patient, but also on their bed partner. The underlying causes for fragmented sleep and daytime somnolence are no doubt multifactorial but there is clear evidence for circadian disruption in Parkinson's disease. This appears to be occurring not only as a result of the neuropathological changes that occur across a distributed neural network, but even down to the cellular level. Such observations indicate that circadian changes may in fact be a driver of neurodegeneration, as well as a cause for some of the sleep-wake symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease. Thus, efforts are now required to evaluate approaches including the prescription of precision medicine to modulate photoreceptor activation ratios that reflect daylight inputs to the circadian pacemaker, the use of small molecules to target clock genes, the manipulation of orexin pathways that could help restore the circadian system, to offer novel symptomatic and novel disease modifying strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Feigl
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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8
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Langeskov-Christensen M, Franzén E, Grøndahl Hvid L, Dalgas U. Exercise as medicine in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2024:jnnp-2023-332974. [PMID: 38418216 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-332974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable and progressive neurological disorder leading to deleterious motor and non-motor consequences. Presently, no pharmacological agents can prevent PD evolution or progression, while pharmacological symptomatic treatments have limited effects in certain domains and cause side effects. Identification of interventions that prevent, slow, halt or mitigate the disease is therefore pivotal. Exercise is safe and represents a cornerstone in PD rehabilitation, but exercise may have even more fundamental benefits that could change clinical practice. In PD, the existing knowledge base supports exercise as (1) a protective lifestyle factor preventing the disease (ie, primary prevention), (2) a potential disease-modifying therapy (ie, secondary prevention) and (3) an effective symptomatic treatment (ie, tertiary prevention). Based on current evidence, a paradigm shift is proposed, stating that exercise should be individually prescribed as medicine to persons with PD at an early disease stage, alongside conventional medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Langeskov-Christensen
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Grøndahl Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish MS Hospitals, Ry and Haslev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Zhao R. Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38308368 PMCID: PMC10837901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the stimulation of resident immune cells of the brain and the penetration of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory processes facilitate the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Managing neuroinflammation to restore immune homeostasis and decrease neuronal damage is a therapeutic approach for AD. One way to achieve this is through exercise, which can improve brain function and protect against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction in AD models. The neuroprotective impact of exercise is regulated by various molecular factors that can be activated in the same way as exercise by the administration of their mimetics. Recent evidence has proven some exercise mimetics effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and AD, and, additionally, they are a helpful alternative option for patients who are unable to perform regular physical exercise to manage neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on exercise mimetics, including their efficacy, regulatory mechanisms, progress, challenges, limitations, and future guidance for their application in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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10
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Chauhan P, Pandey P, Khan F, Maqsood R. Insights on the Correlation between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1007-1014. [PMID: 37867265 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303249690231006114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of a progressive neuronal Parkinson's disease has been discussed in several studies. However, due to the multiple risk factors involved in its development, such as environmental toxicity, parental inheritance, misfolding of protein, ageing, generation of reactive oxygen species, degradation of dopaminergic neurons, formation of neurotoxins, mitochondria dysfunction, and genetic mutations, its mechanism of involvement is still discernible. Therefore, this study aimed to review the processes or systems that are crucially implicated in the conversion of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) into its lethal form, which directly blockades the performance of mitochondria, leading to the formation of oxidative stress in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and resulting in the progression of an incurable Parkinson's disease. This review also comprises an overview of the mutated genes that are frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of Parkinson's disease. Altogether, this review would help future researchers to develop an efficient therapeutic approach for the management of Parkinson's disease via identifying potent prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ramish Maqsood
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
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11
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Paola Caminiti S, Gallo S, Menegon F, Naldi A, Comi C, Tondo G. Lifestyle Modulators of Neuroplasticity in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence in Human Neuroimaging Studies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:602-613. [PMID: 37326116 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230616121213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. A progressive neuronal loss and the consequent clinical impairment lead to deleterious effects on daily living and quality of life. Despite effective symptomatic therapeutic approaches, no disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Emerging evidence suggests that adopting a healthy lifestyle can improve the quality of life of PD patients. In addition, modulating lifestyle factors can positively affect the microstructural and macrostructural brain levels, corresponding to clinical improvement. Neuroimaging studies may help to identify the mechanisms through which physical exercise, dietary changes, cognitive enrichment, and exposure to substances modulate neuroprotection. All these factors have been associated with a modified risk of developing PD, with attenuation or exacerbation of motor and non-motor symptomatology, and possibly with structural and molecular changes. In the present work, we review the current knowledge on how lifestyle factors influence PD development and progression and the neuroimaging evidence for the brain structural, functional, and molecular changes induced by the adoption of positive or negative lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Gallo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Menegon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Movement Disorders Centre, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Naldi
- Neurology Unit, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
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12
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Chhetri JK, Mei S, Wang C, Chan P. New horizons in Parkinson's disease in older populations. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad186. [PMID: 37847793 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Ageing is considered to be the greatest risk factor for PD, with a complex interplay between genetics and the environment. With population ageing, the prevalence of PD is expected to escalate worldwide; thus, it is of utmost importance to reduce the burden of PD. To date, there are no therapies to cure the disease, and current treatment strategies focus on the management of symptoms. Older adults often have multiple chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes, which further complicates the management of PD. Healthcare systems and care models necessary to address the broad needs of older PD patients are largely unavailable. In this New Horizon article, we discuss various aspects of PD from an ageing perspective, including disease management. We highlight recent advancements in PD therapies and discuss new care models with the potential to improve patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish K Chhetri
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shanshan Mei
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chaodong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Piu Chan
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Parkinson's Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Rafie F, Rajizadeh MA, Shahbazi M, Pourranjbar M, Nekouei AH, Sheibani V, Peterson D. Effects of voluntary, and forced exercises on neurotrophic factors and cognitive function in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102357. [PMID: 37393777 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Cognitive dysfunction represents a common and challenging non-motor symptom for people with Parkinson's disease. The number of neurotrophic proteins in the brain is critical in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's. This research aims to compare the effects of two types of exercise, forced and voluntary, on spatial memory and learning and neurochemical factors (CDNF and BDNF). METHODS In this research, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): the control (CTL) group without exercise, the Parkinson's groups without and with forced (FE) and voluntary (VE) exercises, and the sham groups (with voluntary and forced exercise). The animals in the forced exercise group were placed on the treadmill for four weeks (five days a week). At the same time, voluntary exercise training groups were placed in a special cage equipped with a rotating wheel. At the end of 4 weeks, learning and spatial memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze test. BDNF and CDNF protein levels in the hippocampus were measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS The results showed that although the PD group without exercise was at a significantly lower level than other groups in terms of cognitive function and neurochemical factors, both types of exercise, could improve these problems. CONCLUSION According to our results, 4 weeks of voluntary and forced exercises were all found to reverse the cognitive impairments of PD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Rafie
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of Physical Education & Exercise Science, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pourranjbar
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amir H Nekouei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Daniel Peterson
- Health Solutions, College of (CHS), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Pheonix VA Medical Center. Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Chen YC, Liaw YC, Nfor ON, Hsiao CH, Zhong JH, Wu SL, Liaw YP. Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson's disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1235840. [PMID: 37744396 PMCID: PMC10513104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with an elusive etiology that involves the interaction between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Recently, epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, have been recognized to play an important role in the onset of PD. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein crucial for immune cell activation and maturation, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the risk of PD. This research aims to investigate the influence of exercise and gender on the regulation of methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in individuals. Methods We analyze data from 2,474 participants in the Taiwan Biobank, collected from 2008 and 2016. Methylation levels at the GPNMB cg17274742 CpG site were measured using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC beads. After excluding individuals with incomplete data or missing information on possible risk factors, our final analysis included 1,442 participants. We used multiple linear regression models to assess the association between sex and exercise with adjusted levels of GPNMB cg17274742 for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, coffee consumption, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Results Our results demonstrated that exercise significantly influenced the methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in males (β = -0.00242; p = 0.0026), but not in females (β = -0.00002362; p = 0.9785). Furthermore, male participants who exercised showed significantly lower levels of methylation compared to the reference groups of the female and non-exercising reference groups (β = -0.00357; p = 0.0079). The effect of the interaction between gender and exercise on the methylation of GPNMB cg17274742 was statistically significant (p = 0.0078). Conclusion This study suggests that gender and exercise can modulate GPNMB cg17274742, with hypomethylation observed in exercise men. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of these epigenetic changes in the context of risk and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liaw
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Han Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Changhua National University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Li H, Gao M, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Li W, Zhang X, Jiang X, Luo L, Li F, Wang G, Zhang Y, Huang X, Zhu J, Fan S, Wu X, Huang C. Hordenine improves Parkinsonian-like motor deficits in mice and nematodes by activating dopamine D2 receptor-mediated signaling. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3296-3308. [PMID: 36883794 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the striatum, leading to dopamine (DA) deficiency in the striatum and typical motor symptoms. A small molecule as a dietary supplement for PD would be ideal for practical reasons. Hordenine (HOR) is a phenolic phytochemical marketed as a dietary supplement found in cereals and germinated barley, as well as in beer, a widely consumed beverage. This study was aimed to identify HOR as a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) agonist in living cells, and investigate the alleviative effect and mechanism of HOR on PD-like motor deficits in mice and nematodes. Our results firstly showed that HOR is an agonist of DRD2, but not DRD1, in living cells. Moreover, HOR could improve the locomotor dysfunction, gait, and postural imbalance in MPTP- or 6-OHDA-induced mice or Caenorhabditis elegans, and prevent α-synuclein accumulation via the DRD2 pathway in C. elegans. Our results suggested that HOR could activate DRD2 to attenuate the PD-like motor deficits, and provide scientific evidence for the safety and reliability of HOR as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Li
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Gao
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, and Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, and Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaorui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, and Institute for Brain Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Portugal B, Artaud F, Degaey I, Roze E, Fournier A, Severi G, Canonico M, Proust-Lima C, Elbaz A. Association of Physical Activity and Parkinson Disease in Women: Long-term Follow-up of the E3N Cohort Study. Neurology 2023; 101:e386-e398. [PMID: 37197993 PMCID: PMC10435054 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous cohort studies reported that a single measure of physical activity (PA) assessed at baseline was associated with lower Parkinson disease (PD) incidence, but a meta-analysis suggested that this association was restricted to men. Because of the long prodromal phase of the disease, reverse causation could not be excluded as a potential explanation. Our objective was to study the association between time-varying PA and PD in women using lagged analyses to address the potential for reverse causation and to compare PA trajectories in patients before diagnosis and matched controls. METHODS We used data from the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (1990-2018), a cohort study of women affiliated with a national health insurance plan for persons working in education. PA was self-reported in 6 questionnaires over the follow-up. As questions changed across questionnaires, we created a time-varying latent PA (LPA) variable using latent process mixed models. PD was ascertained using a multistep validation process based on medical records or a validated algorithm based on drug claims. We set up a nested case-control study to examine differences in LPA trajectories using multivariable linear mixed models with a retrospective timescale. Cox proportional hazards models with age as the timescale and adjusted for confounders were used to estimate the association between time-varying LPA and PD incidence. Our main analysis used a 10-year lag to account for reverse causation; sensitivity analyses used 5-, 15-, and 20-year lags. RESULTS Analyses of trajectories (1,196 cases and 23,879 controls) showed that LPA was significantly lower in cases than in controls throughout the follow-up, including 29 years before diagnosis; the difference between cases and controls started to increase ∼10 years before diagnosis (p interaction = 0.003). In our main survival analysis, of 95,354 women free of PD in 2000, 1,074 women developed PD over a mean follow-up of 17.2 years. PD incidence decreased with increasing LPA (p trend = 0.001), with 25% lower incidence in those in the highest quartile compared with the lowest (adjusted hazard ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.89). Using longer lags yielded similar conclusions. DISCUSSION Higher PA level is associated with lower PD incidence in women, not explained by reverse causation. These results are important for planning interventions for PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Portugal
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Isabelle Degaey
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Marianne Canonico
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Cécile Proust-Lima
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France.
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Kasanga EA, Soto I, Centner A, McManus R, Shifflet MK, Navarrete W, Han Y, Lisk J, Wheeler K, Mhatre-Winters I, Richardson JR, Bishop C, Nejtek VA, Salvatore MF. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats alleviates established motor deficits and reduces neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein serum levels without increased striatal dopamine or tyrosine hydroxylase protein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548638. [PMID: 37502851 PMCID: PMC10369940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Alleviation of motor impairment by aerobic exercise (AE) in Parkinson's disease (PD) points to a CNS response that could be targeted by therapeutic approaches, but recovery of striatal dopamine (DA) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) has been inconsistent in rodent studies. Objective To increase translation of AE, 3 components were implemented into AE design to determine if recovery of established motor impairment, concomitant with >80% striatal DA and TH loss, was possible. We also evaluated if serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), blood-based biomarkers of disease severity in human PD, were affected. Methods We used a 6-OHDA hemiparkinson rat model featuring progressive nigrostriatal neuron loss over 28 days, with impaired forelimb use 7 days post-lesion, and hypokinesia onset 21 days post-lesion. After establishing forelimb use deficits, moderate intensity AE began 1-3 days later, 3x per week, for 40 min/session. Motor assessments were conducted weekly for 3 wks, followed by determination of striatal DA, TH protein and mRNA, and NfL and GFAP serum levels. Results Seven days after 6-OHDA lesion, recovery of depolarization-stimulated extracellular DA and DA tissue content was <10%, representing severity of DA loss in human PD, concomitant with 50% reduction in forelimb use. Despite severe DA loss, recovery of forelimb use deficits and alleviation of hypokinesia progression began after 2 weeks of AE and was maintained. Increased NfLand GFAP levels from lesion were reduced by AE. Despite these AE-driven changes, striatal DA tissue and TH protein levels were unaffected. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study shows AE, using exercise parameters within the capabilities most PD patients, promotes recovery of established motor deficits in a rodent PD model, concomitant with reduced levels of blood-based biomarkers associated with PD severity, without commensurate increase in striatal DA or TH protein.
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18
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Schootemeijer S, Coker D, Shelton JF, Chanoff E, Rowbotham HM, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR, Cannon P, de Vries NM. Exercise knowledge, barriers and motivators among LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 113:105497. [PMID: 37441884 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with a Gly2019Ser mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2 G2019S) are at increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that exercise may delay or prevent the development of clinically overt symptoms of PD in people at risk of PD. We determined whether LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers with and without manifest PD are aware of the relationship between exercise and PD and how they differ in awareness, barriers and motivators to exercise. METHODS We deployed a survey among 4422 LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers. In total, 505 (11.4%) of them completed the survey, of whom 105 had self-reported manifest PD. RESULTS Ninety-two percent of the LRRK2 G2019S mutation carriers with manifest PD and 63% of those with non-manifest PD were aware of the relationship between exercise and PD. Lack of motivation was the top barrier for those without manifest PD, while having an injury/disability was the most common barrier for those with manifest PD. Improvement of body functioning was the top motivator for both. CONCLUSION The fact that many at-risk individuals are not aware of the importance of exercise and would exercise more with fewer barriers creates opportunities for trials using exercise as a possible prevention strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schootemeijer
- Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders; Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - D Coker
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - J F Shelton
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - E Chanoff
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - H M Rowbotham
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - S K L Darweesh
- Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders; Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B R Bloem
- Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders; Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - P Cannon
- 23andMe, Inc., 223 N Mathilda Ave, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - N M de Vries
- Radboud University Medical Center; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Department of Neurology; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders; Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Vaquero-Rodríguez A, Razquin J, Zubelzu M, Bidgood R, Bengoetxea H, Miguelez C, Morera-Herreras T, Ruiz-Ortega JA, Lafuente JV, Ortuzar N. Efficacy of invasive and non-invasive methods for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Nanodelivery and enriched environment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 172:103-143. [PMID: 37833010 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the subsequent motor disability. The most frequently used treatments in clinics, such as L-DOPA, restore dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain. However, these treatments are only symptomatic, have temporary efficacy, and produce side effects. Part of the side effects are related to the route of administration as the consumption of oral tablets leads to unspecific pulsatile activation of dopaminergic receptors. For this reason, it is necessary to not only find alternative treatments, but also to develop new administration systems with better security profiles. Nanoparticle delivery systems are new administration forms designed to reach the pharmacological target in a highly specific way, leading to better drug bioavailability, efficacy and safety. Some of these delivery systems have shown promising results in animal models of PD not only when dopaminergic drugs are administered, but even more when neurotrophic factors are released. These latter compounds promote maturation and survival of dopaminergic neurons and can be exogenously administered in the form of pharmacological therapy or endogenously generated by non-pharmacological methods. In this sense, experimental exposure to enriched environments, a non-invasive strategy based on the combination of social and inanimate stimuli, enhances the production of neurotrophic factors and produces a neuroprotective effect in parkinsonian animals. In this review, we will discuss new nanodelivery systems in PD with a special focus on therapies that increase the release of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vaquero-Rodríguez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jone Razquin
- Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Maider Zubelzu
- Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Raphaelle Bidgood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Cristina Miguelez
- Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Teresa Morera-Herreras
- Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Ruiz-Ortega
- Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naiara Ortuzar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Neurodegenerative diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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20
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Olson KE, Abdelmoaty MM, Namminga KL, Lu Y, Obaro H, Santamaria P, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. An open-label multiyear study of sargramostim-treated Parkinson's disease patients examining drug safety, tolerability, and immune biomarkers from limited case numbers. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 37217980 PMCID: PMC10201023 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00361-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical utility and safety of sargramostim has previously been reported in cancer, acute radiation syndrome, autoimmune disease, inflammatory conditions, and Alzheimer's disease. The safety, tolerability, and mechanisms of action in Parkinson's disease (PD) during extended use has not been evaluated. METHODS As a primary goal, safety and tolerability was assessed in five PD patients treated with sargramostim (Leukine®, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) for 33 months. Secondary goals included numbers of CD4+ T cells and monocytes and motor functions. Hematologic, metabolic, immune, and neurological evaluations were assessed during a 5-day on, 2-day off therapeutic regimen given at 3 μg/kg. After 2 years, drug use was discontinued for 3 months. This was then followed by an additional 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Sargramostim-associated adverse events included injection-site reactions, elevated total white cell counts, and bone pain. On drug, blood analyses and metabolic panels revealed no untoward side effects linked to long-term treatment. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores remained stable throughout the study while regulatory T cell number and function were increased. In the initial 6 months of treatment, transcriptomic and proteomic monocyte tests demonstrated autophagy and sirtuin signaling. This finding paralleled anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities within both the adaptive and innate immune profile arms. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data affirmed long-term safety as well as immune and anti-inflammatory responses reflecting clinical stability in PD under the sargramostim treatment. Confirmation in larger patient populations is planned in a future phase II evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03790670, Date of Registration: 01/02/2019, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03790670?cond=leukine+parkinson%27s&draw=2&rank=2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mai M Abdelmoaty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Helen Obaro
- Great Plains Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pamela Santamaria
- Neurology Consultants of Nebraska, PC and Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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21
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Vaquero-Rodríguez A, Ortuzar N, Lafuente JV, Bengoetxea H. Enriched environment as a nonpharmacological neuroprotective strategy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:553-560. [PMID: 37309729 PMCID: PMC10350798 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231171915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure and functions of the central nervous system are influenced by environmental stimuli, which also play an important role in brain diseases. Enriched environment (EE) consists of producing modifications in the environment of standard laboratory animals to induce an improvement in their biological conditions. This paradigm promotes transcriptional and translational effects that result in ameliorated motor, sensory, and cognitive stimulation. EE has been shown to enhance experience-dependent cellular plasticity and cognitive performance in animals housed under these conditions compared with animals housed under standard conditions. In addition, several studies claim that EE induces nerve repair by restoring functional activities through morphological, cellular, and molecular adaptations in the brain that have clinical relevance in neurological and psychiatric disorders. In fact, the effects of EE have been studied in different animal models of psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, ischemic brain injury, or traumatic brain injury, delaying the onset and progression of a wide variety of symptoms of these disorders. In this review, we analyze the action of EE focused on diseases of the central nervous system and the translation to humans to develop a bridge to its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vaquero-Rodríguez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Naiara Ortuzar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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22
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Wei JA, Liu L, Song X, Lin B, Cui J, Luo L, Liu Y, Li S, Li X, So KF, Yan S, Zhang L. Physical exercise modulates the microglial complement pathway in mice to relieve cortical circuitry deficits induced by mutant human TDP-43. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112240. [PMID: 36924491 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is related to different neurodegenerative diseases, which leads to microglial activation and neuronal loss. The molecular mechanism driving neuronal death by reactive microglia, however, has not been completely resolved. In this study, we generated a mouse model by overexpressing mutant human TDP-43 (M337V) in the primary motor cortex, leading to prominent motor-learning deficits. In vivo 2-photon imaging shows an active approach of microglia toward parvalbumin interneurons, resulting in disrupted cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance. Proteomics studies suggest that activation of the complement pathway induces microglial activity. To develop an early interventional strategy, treadmill exercise successfully prevents the deterioration of motor dysfunction under enhanced adipocytic release of clusterin to block the complement pathway. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized pathway by which TDP-43 induces cortical deficits and provide additional insights for the mechanistic explanation of exercise training in disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-An Wei
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Linglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xichen Song
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bilian Lin
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lanzhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510300, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510300, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China.
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23
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Kanishka, Jha SK. Compensatory cognition in neurological diseases and aging: A review of animal and human studies. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100061. [PMID: 36911258 PMCID: PMC9997140 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized individual circuits in the brain are recruited for specific functions. Interestingly, multiple neural circuitries continuously compete with each other to acquire the specialized function. However, the dominant among them compete and become the central neural network for that particular function. For example, the hippocampal principal neural circuitries are the dominant networks among many which are involved in learning processes. But, in the event of damage to the principal circuitry, many times, less dominant networks compensate for the primary network. This review highlights the psychopathologies of functional loss and the aspects of functional recuperation in the absence of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sushil K Jha
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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24
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da Costa RO, Gadelha-Filho CVJ, de Aquino PEA, Lima LAR, de Lucena JD, Ribeiro WLC, Lima FAV, Neves KRT, de Barros Viana GS. Vitamin D (VD3) Intensifies the Effects of Exercise and Prevents Alterations of Behavior, Brain Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation, in Hemiparkinsonian Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:142-160. [PMID: 36028736 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of physical exercise in the presence of Vitamin D3 (VD3), on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats. The animals were divided into sham-operated (SO), 6-OHDA-lesioned, and 6-OHDA-lesioned plus VD3 (1 µg/kg, 21 days), in the absence (no exercise, NE) and presence (with exercise, WE) of physical exercise on a treadmill (30 min, speed of 20 cm/s, once a day/21 days). This procedure started, 24 h after the stereotaxic surgery (injections of 6-OHDA into the right striatum). The animals were then subjected to behavioral (rotarod, open field, and apomorphine tests) and their brain areas were dissected for neurochemical, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) determinations, and immunohistochemical studies for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and vitamin D receptor (VD3R). The effects on the brain oxidative stress: nitrite/nitrate, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were also evaluated. Behavioral changes of the 6-OHDA lesioned group were improved by exercise plus VD3. Similar results were observed in dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations increased by exercise and VD3, compared with SO groups. Additionally, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoexpressions were decreased in the 6-OHDA-lesioned groups, with values normalized after exercise and VD3. The VD3 receptor immunoexpression decreased in the 6-OHDA (NE) group, and this was attenuated by exercise, especially after VD3. While 6-OHDA lesions increased, VD3 supplementation decreased the oxidative stress, which was intensified by exercise. VD3 showed neuroprotective properties that were intensified by physical exercise. These VD3 actions on hemiparkinsonian rats are possibly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Oliveira da Costa
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ludmila Araújo Rodrigues Lima
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Jalles Dantas de Lucena
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelly Rose Tavares Neves
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Graduate Program of Morphofunctional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. .,Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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25
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Effects of lifespan-extending interventions on cognitive healthspan. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 25:e2. [PMID: 36377361 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is known to be the primary risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. They are currently incurable and worsen over time, which has broad implications in the context of lifespan and healthspan extension. Adding years to life and even to physical health is suboptimal or even insufficient, if cognitive ageing is not adequately improved. In this review, we will examine how interventions that have the potential to extend lifespan in animals affect the brain, and if they would be able to thwart or delay the development of cognitive dysfunction and/or neurodegeneration. These interventions range from lifestyle (caloric restriction, physical exercise and environmental enrichment) through pharmacological (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors, resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin, spermidine and senolytics) to epigenetic reprogramming. We argue that while many of these interventions have clear potential to improve cognitive health and resilience, large-scale and long-term randomised controlled trials are needed, along with studies utilising washout periods to determine the effects of supplementation cessation, particularly in aged individuals.
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26
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Alfonsetti M, d’Angelo M, Castelli V. Neurotrophic factor-based pharmacological approaches in neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1220-1228. [PMID: 36453397 PMCID: PMC9838155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological event dependent on multiple pathways that are linked to lifespan and processes leading to cognitive decline. This process represents the major risk factor for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. The incidence of all these pathologies increases exponentially with age. Research on aging biology has currently focused on elucidating molecular mechanisms leading to the development of those pathologies. Cognitive deficit and neurodegeneration, common features of aging-related pathologies, are related to the alteration of the activity and levels of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. For this reason, treatments that modulate neurotrophin levels have acquired a great deal of interest in preventing neurodegeneration and promoting neural regeneration in several neurological diseases. Those treatments include both the direct administration of neurotrophic factors and the induced expression with viral vectors, neurotrophins' binding with biomaterials or other molecules to increase their bioavailability but also cell-based therapies. Considering neurotrophins' crucial role in aging pathologies, here we discuss the involvement of several neurotrophic factors in the most common brain aging-related diseases and the most recent therapeutic approaches that provide direct and sustained neurotrophic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Alfonsetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy,Correspondence to: Vanessa Castelli, .
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27
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Liu H, Wei T, Huang Q, Liu W, Yang Y, Jin Y, Wu D, Yuan K, Zhang P. The roles, mechanism, and mobilization strategy of endogenous neural stem cells in brain injury. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:924262. [PMID: 36062152 PMCID: PMC9428262 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.924262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury poses a heavy disease burden in the world, resulting in chronic deficits. Therapies for brain injuries have been focused on pharmacologic, small molecule, endocrine and cell-based therapies. Endogenous neural stem cells (eNSCs) are a group of stem cells which can be activated in vivo by damage, neurotrophic factors, physical factor stimulation, and physical exercise. The activated eNSCs can proliferate, migrate and differentiate into neuron, oligodendrocyte and astrocyte, and play an important role in brain injury repair and neural plasticity. The roles of eNSCs in the repair of brain injury include but are not limited to ameliorating cognitive function, improving learning and memory function, and promoting functional gait behaviors. The activation and mobilization of eNSCs is important to the repair of injured brain. In this review we describe the current knowledge of the common character of brain injury, the roles and mechanism of eNSCs in brain injury. And then we discuss the current mobilization strategy of eNSCs following brain injury. We hope that a comprehensive awareness of the roles and mobilization strategy of eNSCs in the repair of cerebral ischemia may help to find some new therapeutic targets and strategy for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Library, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- School of Continuing Education, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Teaching Affairs and Administration, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaopeng Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yuxi, China
| | - Yaju Jin
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Danli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Yuan,
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Massage for Treatment of Encephalopathy, College of Acupuncture, Tuina and Rehabilitation, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- Pengyue Zhang,
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28
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Janssen Daalen JM, Schootemeijer S, Richard E, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR. Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Parkinson Disease: A Recipe for Action. Neurology 2022; 99:42-51. [PMID: 35970584 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Parkinson disease (PD) is growing fast, amplifying the quest for disease-modifying therapies in early disease phases where pathology is still limited. Lifestyle interventions offer a promising avenue for preventing progression from prodromal to manifest PD. We illustrate this primarily for 1 specific lifestyle intervention, namely aerobic exercise because the case for the other main lifestyle factor (dietary interventions) to modify the course of prodromal PD is currently less persuasive. Various observations have hinted at the disease-modifying potential of exercise. First, studies in rodents with experimental parkinsonism showed that exercise elicits adaptive neuroplasticity in basal ganglia circuitries. Second, exercise is associated with a reduced risk of developing PD, suggesting a disease-modifying potential. Third, 2 large trials in persons with manifest PD indicate that exercise can help to stabilize motor parkinsonism, although this could also reflect a symptomatic effect. In addition, exercise seems to be a feasible intervention, given its minimal risk of side effects. Theoretical risks include an increase in fall incidents and cardiovascular complications, but these concerns seem to be acceptably low. Innovative approaches using gamification elements indicate that adequate long-term compliance with regular exercise programs can be achieved, although more work remains necessary to demonstrate enduring adherence for multiple years. Advances in digital technology can be used to deliver the exercise intervention in the participant's own living environment and also to measure the outcomes remotely, which will help to further boost long-term compliance. When delivering exercise to prodromal participants, outcome measures should focus not just on phenoconversion to manifest PD (which may well take many years to occur) but also on measurable intermediate outcomes, such as physical fitness or prodromal nonmotor symptoms. Taken together, there seems to be sufficient evidence to advocate the first judicious attempt of investigating exercise as a disease-modifying treatment in prodromal PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules M Janssen Daalen
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M.J.D., S.S., E.R., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders (J.M.J.D., S.S., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.); and Radboud University Medical Center Alzheimer Center (E.R.), the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schootemeijer
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M.J.D., S.S., E.R., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders (J.M.J.D., S.S., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.); and Radboud University Medical Center Alzheimer Center (E.R.), the Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M.J.D., S.S., E.R., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders (J.M.J.D., S.S., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.); and Radboud University Medical Center Alzheimer Center (E.R.), the Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M.J.D., S.S., E.R., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders (J.M.J.D., S.S., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.); and Radboud University Medical Center Alzheimer Center (E.R.), the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- From the Department of Neurology (J.M.J.D., S.S., E.R., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.), Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior; Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders (J.M.J.D., S.S., S.K.L.D., B.R.B.); and Radboud University Medical Center Alzheimer Center (E.R.), the Netherlands.
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29
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Morais VA, Vos M. Reduced penetrance of Parkinson's disease models. MED GENET-BERLIN 2022; 34:117-124. [PMID: 38835909 PMCID: PMC11006373 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2022-2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The etiology and progression of Parkinson's Disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurological disorder, have been widely investigated for several decades; however, a cure is still lacking. Despite the development of several neurotoxins and animal models to study this rather heterogeneous disease, a complete recapitulation of the neurophysiology and neuropathology of PD has not been fully achieved. One underlying cause for this could be that mutations in PD-associated genes have reduced penetrance. Therefore, the quest for novel PD models is required where a double hit approach needs to be evoked - a combination of genetic alterations and environmental factors need to be accounted for in one unique model simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Morais
- iMM, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160 building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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Bonanni R, Cariati I, Tarantino U, D’Arcangelo G, Tancredi V. Physical Exercise and Health: A Focus on Its Protective Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7020038. [PMID: 35645300 PMCID: PMC9149968 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence has demonstrated the power of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic and/or age-related diseases, such as musculoskeletal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, regular exercise is known to play a key role in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, as it helps to reduce the risk of their onset and counteracts their progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this regard, neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), have been suggested as key mediators of brain health benefits, as they are involved in neurogenesis, neuronal survival, and synaptic plasticity. The production of these neurotrophic factors, known to be increased by physical exercise, is downregulated in neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting their fundamental importance in maintaining brain health. However, the mechanism by which physical exercise promotes the production of neurotrophins remains to be understood, posing limits on their use for the development of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this literature review, we analyzed the most recent evidence regarding the relationship between physical exercise, neurotrophins, and brain health, providing an overview of their involvement in the onset and progression of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bonanni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (U.T.)
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (U.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (U.T.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (V.T.)
| | - Giovanna D’Arcangelo
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Centre of Space Bio-Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (V.T.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Wang L, Ma J, Wu W, Fang Y, Liu F, Yang Q, Hu X, Gu X, He Z, Sun D, Jin L, Zhang X. Effect of aerobic exercise as a treatment on type 2 diabetes mellitus with depression-like behavior zebrafish. Life Sci 2022; 300:120578. [PMID: 35489565 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most known complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aerobic exercise improves glycemic control in T2DM, although the underlying mechanisms of comorbid depression-like behaviors in T2DM have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS 120 zebrafish were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, T2DM, T2DM + metformin, and T2DM + aerobic exercise. Then, all animals except the control group were fed with high glucose fairy shrimp (~40 g/kg/day) and exposed reserpine (40 μg/ml for 20 min) for 10 days. Here, behavioral tests were used for model verification. Following the verification, all groups were treated as before. Additionally, the T2DM + metformin group received metformin (~10.6 mg/kg/day) at the same time, while the T2DM + aerobic exercise group received aerobic exercise 30 min/day. Finally, blood glucose and behavioral tests, as well as protein and molecular levels were determined at Day 11 and 12. RESULTS Aerobic exercise alleviated depressive-like behavior and enhanced the levels of antidepressant biomarkers (NE, 5-HIAA) in zebrafish after 10 consecutive days of exercise. Additionally, 10 consecutive days of aerobic exercise decreased the levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-4) and depressive biomarkers (cortisol). Meanwhile, it also aided in the reduction of CD11b, IL-6, IL-6R, and caspase-3 expression to combat the neuroinflammation induced by T2DM, mediated the BDNF-TrkB pathway, and increased Bcl-2/Bax levels. CONCLUSION Given the remarkable similarity in neurochemistry between humans and zebrafish, this study supports the effectiveness of aerobic exercise as clinical guidance in preventing and treating T2DM complicated with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhiying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Lopes DM, Llewellyn SK, Harrison IF. Propagation of tau and α-synuclein in the brain: therapeutic potential of the glymphatic system. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:19. [PMID: 35314000 PMCID: PMC8935752 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are characterised by the accumulation of misfolded protein deposits in the brain, leading to a progressive destabilisation of the neuronal network and neuronal death. Among the proteins that can abnormally accumulate are tau and α-synuclein, which can propagate in a prion-like manner and which upon aggregation, represent the most common intracellular proteinaceous lesions associated with neurodegeneration. For years it was thought that these intracellular proteins and their accumulation had no immediate relationship with extracellular homeostasis pathways such as the glymphatic clearance system; however, mounting evidence has now suggested that this is not the case. The involvement of the glymphatic system in neurodegenerative disease is yet to be fully defined; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that this pathway contributes to parenchymal solute clearance. Importantly, recent data show that proteins prone to intracellular accumulation are subject to glymphatic clearance, suggesting that this system plays a key role in many neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a background on the biology of tau and α-synuclein and discuss the latest findings on the cell-to-cell propagation mechanisms of these proteins. Importantly, we discuss recent data demonstrating that manipulation of the glymphatic system may have the potential to alleviate and reduce pathogenic accumulation of propagation-prone intracellular cytotoxic proteins. Furthermore, we will allude to the latest potential therapeutic opportunities targeting the glymphatic system that might have an impact as disease modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases.
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33
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Rasińska J, Klein C, Stahn L, Maidhof F, Pfeffer A, Schreyer S, Gossen M, Kurtz A, Steiner B, Hemmati‐Sadeghi S. Transposon‐mediated glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells: A potential approach for neuroregenerative medicine? J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:515-529. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rasińska
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Charlotte Klein
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Laura Stahn
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Felix Maidhof
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Anna Pfeffer
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreyer
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Virchow Campus Berlin Germany
- Institute of Active Polymers Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Teltow Germany
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Virchow Campus Berlin Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Shabnam Hemmati‐Sadeghi
- Department of Neurology Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
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Animal models of action control and cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:227-255. [PMID: 35248196 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has historically been considered a motor disorder induced by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. More recently, it has been recognized to have significant non-motor symptoms, most prominently cognitive symptoms associated with a dysexecutive syndrome. It is common in the literature to see motor and cognitive symptoms treated separately and, indeed, there has been a general call for specialized treatment of the latter, particularly in the more severe cases of PD with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Animal studies have similarly been developed to model the motor or non-motor symptoms. Nevertheless, considerable research has established that segregating consideration of cognition from the precursors to motor movement, particularly movement associated with goal-directed action, is difficult if not impossible. Indeed, on some contemporary views cognition is embodied in action control, something that is particularly prevalent in theory and evidence relating to the integration of goal-directed and habitual control processes. The current paper addresses these issues within the literature detailing animal models of cognitive dysfunction in PD and their neural and neurochemical bases. Generally, studies using animal models of PD provide some of the clearest evidence for the integration of these action control processes at multiple levels of analysis and imply that consideration of this integrative process may have significant benefits for developing new approaches to the treatment of PD.
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35
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de Vries NM, Darweesh SKL, Bloem BR. Citius, Fortius, Altius-Understanding Which Components Drive Exercise Benefits in Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1443-1445. [PMID: 34724528 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke M de Vries
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sirwan K L Darweesh
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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36
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Ferreira AFF, Binda KH, Real CC. The effects of treadmill exercise in animal models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1056-1075. [PMID: 34688727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disabling brain disorder. Physical exercise has been shown to alleviate the symptoms of PD and, consequently, improve patient quality of life. Exercise mechanisms involved in beneficial effects on PD have been widely investigated. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the use of treadmill exercise in PD animal models. The study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI databases. In total, 78 studies were included. The dopaminergic system, behavior, neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, mitochondria, and musculoskeletal systems were some of the outcomes evaluated by the selected studies. Based on the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation (SYRCLE) RoB tool, the methodologies revealed a high risk of bias and lack of information about study design, which needs attention for data reproducibility. This review can guide future studies that aim to fill existing gaps regarding the effects of treadmill exercise in PD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia F Ferreira
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Henrique Binda
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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37
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Franco B, Mota DS, Daubian-Nosé P, Rodrigues NDA, Simino LADP, de Fante T, Bezerra RMN, Manchado Gobatto FDB, Manconi M, Torsoni AS, Esteves AM. Iron deficiency in pregnancy: Influence on sleep, behavior, and molecular markers of adult male offspring. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:3325-3338. [PMID: 34651324 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron restriction during pregnancy can lead to iron deficiency and changes in the dopaminergic system in the adulthood of offspring, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) is closely related to these changes. Objectives: Analyze whether iron restriction during pregnancy would cause changes in the behavior, sleep, and dopaminergic system of the male offspring. In addition, we aimed to assess whether exercise would be able to modulate these variables. The pregnant rats (Wistar) were divided into four groups with different concentrations of iron in the diet: standard (St), supplementation (Su), restriction since weaning (R1), and restriction only during pregnancy (R2). After birth, the offspring were assigned to their respective groups according to the dams diet (St, Su, R1, and R2) and distributed into sedentary (SD) and exercised (EX) (for 8 weeks of training), reaching eight groups of offspring (O): OSt SD, OSt EX, OSu SD, OSu EX, OR1 SD, OR1 EX, OR2 SD, and OR2 EX. Sleep, behavior, and analysis of key genes of dopaminergic system (D2, DAT) were performed after 8 weeks. The results for trained offspring that the mother received supplementation diet were the most expressive, with increased freezing and the OR1 SD group showed an increase in DAT protein content. These changes may have been due to the association between the dams diet during pregnancy and the practice of exercise by the offspring. The different concentrations of iron during pregnancy caused changes in the offspring, however, they were not associated with fetal programming in the context of RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Franco
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Mota
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Paulo Daubian-Nosé
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thaís de Fante
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Fúlvia de Barros Manchado Gobatto
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital of Lugano (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Maculano Esteves
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
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Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710303. [PMID: 34489641 PMCID: PMC8417110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of sedentary lifestyles have emerged as a critical aspect of modern society. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrated that physical exercise plays an important role not only in maintaining peripheral health but also in the regulation of central nervous system function. Many studies have shown that physical exercise promotes the release of molecules, involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, plasticity and neurogenesis, from several peripheral organs. Thus, aerobic exercise has emerged as an intriguing tool that, on one hand, could serve as a therapeutic protocol for diseases of the nervous system, and on the other hand, could help to unravel potential molecular targets for pharmacological approaches. In the present review, we will summarize the cellular interactions that mediate the effects of physical exercise on brain health, starting from the factors released in myocytes during muscle contraction to the cellular pathways that regulate higher cognitive functions, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Consorti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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39
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Zhang Y, Zhou L, Lian H, Zhang Y, Tong S, Wang Z. Dopamine receptor 2 downregulation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation in the paraventricular nucleus are correlated with brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in rats with bilateral substantia nigra lesions. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102016. [PMID: 34454019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermogenesis resulting from brown adipose tissue (BAT)-induced energy consumption is an important method of energy regulation. It has been reported that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) can regulate adaptive thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), but the upstream regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Our previous studies have found that a large number of dopamine (DA) receptors (DRs) are expressed on BDNF-positive neurons in the PVN and that the substantia nigra (SN) can directly project to the PVN (forming the SN-PVN pathway). Therefore, we speculate that DA in the SN can regulate the expression of BDNF via DRs and then affect IBAT thermogenesis. In this study, bilateral SN lesions were induced in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and the altered expression of DRs and BDNF in the PVN and the metabolic changes in IBAT were studied via double immunofluorescence and western blotting. The results showed that BDNF-positive neurons in the PVN expressed DR 1 (D1) and DR 2 (D2) and were surrounded by a large number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nerve fibers. Compared with the control group, the 6-OHDA group exhibited significantly fewer TH-positive neurons and significantly lower TH expression in the SN, but body weight, IBAT weight and food consumption did not differ between the groups. In the PVN, BDNF expression was upregulated in the 6-OHDA group, while D2 and TH expression was downregulated. In IBAT, the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (p-HSL), TH and β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) was increased, while the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was decreased. The IBAT cell diameter was also decreased in the 6-OHDA group. The results suggest that the SN-PVN pathway may be an upstream neural pathway that can affect BDNF expression in the PVN and that DRs may mediate its regulatory effects. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between DA and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hui Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shilin Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembrology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Noninvasive Neuromodulation, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Gasiorowska A, Wydrych M, Drapich P, Zadrozny M, Steczkowska M, Niewiadomski W, Niewiadomska G. The Biology and Pathobiology of Glutamatergic, Cholinergic, and Dopaminergic Signaling in the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:654931. [PMID: 34326765 PMCID: PMC8315271 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.654931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The elderly population is growing worldwide, with important health and socioeconomic implications. Clinical and experimental studies on aging have uncovered numerous changes in the brain, such as decreased neurogenesis, increased synaptic defects, greater metabolic stress, and enhanced inflammation. These changes are associated with cognitive decline and neurobehavioral deficits. Although aging is not a disease, it is a significant risk factor for functional worsening, affective impairment, disease exaggeration, dementia, and general disease susceptibility. Conversely, life events related to mental stress and trauma can also lead to accelerated age-associated disorders and dementia. Here, we review human studies and studies on mice and rats, such as those modeling human neurodegenerative diseases, that have helped elucidate (1) the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the biological and pathological aging of the main projecting systems in the brain (glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) and (2) the effect of defective glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic projection on disabilities associated with aging and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of age-related diseases can be an important element in the development of effective ways of treatment. In this context, we briefly analyze which adverse changes associated with neurodegenerative diseases in the cholinergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems could be targeted by therapeutic strategies developed as a result of our better understanding of these damaging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wydrych
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Drapich
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zadrozny
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Steczkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Treatment Options for Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040612. [PMID: 33924103 PMCID: PMC8074325 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) usually presents in older adults and typically has both motor and non-motor dysfunctions. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the mid-brain substantia nigra pars compacta region. Outlined here is an integrative medicine and health strategy that highlights five treatment options for people with Parkinson’s (PwP): rehabilitate, therapy, restorative, maintenance, and surgery. Rehabilitating begins following the diagnosis and throughout any additional treatment processes, especially vis-à-vis consulting with physical, occupational, and/or speech pathology therapist(s). Therapy uses daily administration of either the dopamine precursor levodopa (with carbidopa) or a dopamine agonist, compounds that preserve residual dopamine, and other specific motor/non-motor-related compounds. Restorative uses strenuous aerobic exercise programs that can be neuroprotective. Maintenance uses complementary and alternative medicine substances that potentially support and protect the brain microenvironment. Finally, surgery, including deep brain stimulation, is pursued when PwP fail to respond positively to other treatment options. There is currently no cure for PD. In conclusion, the best strategy for treating PD is to hope to slow disorder progression and strive to achieve stability with neuroprotection. The ultimate goal of any management program is to improve the quality-of-life for a person with Parkinson’s disease.
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Razali K, Othman N, Mohd Nasir MH, Doolaanea AA, Kumar J, Ibrahim WN, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mohamed WMY. The Promise of the Zebrafish Model for Parkinson's Disease: Today's Science and Tomorrow's Treatment. Front Genet 2021; 12:655550. [PMID: 33936174 PMCID: PMC8082503 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly is Parkinson's disease (PD). Its etiology is unclear and there are no available disease-modifying medicines. Therefore, more evidence is required concerning its pathogenesis. The use of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is the basis of most animal models of PD. MPTP is metabolized by monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) to MPP + and induces the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in mammals. Zebrafish have been commonly used in developmental biology as a model organism, but owing to its perfect mix of properties, it is now emerging as a model for human diseases. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are cheap and easy to sustain, evolve rapidly, breed transparent embryos in large amounts, and are readily manipulated by different methods, particularly genetic ones. Furthermore, zebrafish are vertebrate species and mammalian findings obtained from zebrafish may be more applicable than those derived from genetic models of invertebrates such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. The resemblance cannot be taken for granted, however. The goal of the present review article is to highlight the promise of zebrafish as a PD animal model. As its aminergic structures, MPTP mode of action, and PINK1 roles mimic those of mammalians, zebrafish seems to be a viable model for studying PD. The roles of zebrafish MAO, however, vary from those of the two types of MAO present in mammals. The benefits unique to zebrafish, such as the ability to perform large-scale genetic or drug screens, should be exploited in future experiments utilizing zebrafish PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairiah Razali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Noratikah Othman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir
- Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wisam Nabeel Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Wael M. Y. Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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43
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Feliciano JS, Rodrigues SMA, de Carvalho Lana R, Polese JC. Predictors of physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1499-1505. [PMID: 32870459 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether modifiable predictors (depressive symptoms, impairment in behavior and mood, balance impairments, and knee extensor muscle strength) are determinants of the physical activity level in Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study with individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Regression analysis of the data was used to investigate whether depressive symptoms, impairments in behavior and mood, balance impairments, or dominant knee extensor muscle strength are predictors of physical activity levels in Parkinson's disease. RESULTS A total of 50 individuals with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease participated in this study, with a mean age of 67 ± 8 years and 68% male. Balance impairments explained 29% of the variation in the physical activity levels. The explained variance increased to 34% when depressive symptoms were included in the model. CONCLUSION Among the predictor variables investigated in our study, only balance impairments and depressive symptoms explained the variance in physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Soares Feliciano
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30120-010, Brazil
| | - Samara Maria Alves Rodrigues
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30120-010, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Carvalho Lana
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30120-010, Brazil
| | - Janaine Cunha Polese
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30120-010, Brazil.
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Marques-Aleixo I, Beleza J, Sampaio A, Stevanović J, Coxito P, Gonçalves I, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:674-693. [PMID: 32159378 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence and incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) tend to increase along with the enhanced average of the world life expectancy. NDDs are a major cause of morbidity and disability, affecting the health care, social and economic systems with a significant impact. Critical Issues and Recent Advances: Despite the worldwide burden of NDDs and the ongoing research efforts to increase the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in NDD pathophysiologies, pharmacological therapies have been presenting merely narrow benefits. On the contrary, absent of detrimental side effects but growing merits, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a prone pleiotropic nonpharmacological alternative able to modulate brain structure and function, thereby stimulating a healthier and "fitness" neurological phenotype. Future Directions: This review summarizes the state of the art of some peripheral and central-related mechanisms that underlie the impact of PE on brain plasticity as well as its relevance for the prevention and/or treatment of NDDs. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better clarify the molecular signaling pathways associated with muscle contractions-related myokines release and its plausible positive effects in the brain. In addition, particular focus of research should address the role of PE in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques-Aleixo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusofona University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldina Sampaio
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanović
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
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45
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Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Alters Detoxifying Enzymes in an A53T α-Synuclein Transgenic Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100928. [PMID: 32998299 PMCID: PMC7600645 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although environmental enrichment (EE) is known to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease (PD), the metabolic alternations for detoxifying endogenous and xenobiotic compounds according to various brain regions are not fully elucidated yet. This study aimed to further understand the role of EE on detoxifying enzymes, especially those participating in phase I of metabolism, by investigating the levels of enzymes in various brain regions such as the olfactory bulb, brain stem, frontal cortex, and striatum. Eight-month-old transgenic PD mice with the overexpression of human A53T α-synuclein and wild-type mice were randomly allocated to either standard cage condition or EE for 2 months. At 10 months of age, the expression of detoxifying enzymes was evaluated and compared with wild-type of the same age raised in standard cages. EE improved neurobehavioral outcomes such as olfactory and motor function in PD mice. EE-treated mice showed that oxidative stress was attenuated in the olfactory bulb, brain stem, and frontal cortex. EE also reduced apoptosis and induced cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of PD mice. The overexpression of detoxifying enzymes was observed in the olfactory bulb and brain stem of PD mice, which was ameliorated by EE. These findings were not apparent in the other experimental regions. These results suggest the stage of PD pathogenesis may differ according to brain region, and that EE has a protective effect on the PD pathogenesis by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Cristini J, Weiss M, De Las Heras B, Medina-Rincón A, Dagher A, Postuma RB, Huber R, Doyon J, Rosa-Neto P, Carrier J, Amara AW, Roig M. The effects of exercise on sleep quality in persons with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 55:101384. [PMID: 32987321 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the evidence in support of exercise to improve sleep quality assessed subjectively and objectively in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Standardized mean differences (SMD) comparing the effects of exercise and control interventions on sleep quality with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Data from 10 randomized and 2 non-randomized controlled trials, including a total of 690 persons with PD were included. Exercise had a significant positive effect on sleep quality assessed subjectively (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.16-0.90; p = 0.005). However, the methodological quality of the studies showing positive effects on sleep quality was significantly poorer than the studies showing no effects. Only one study assessed the impact of exercise on objective sleep quality, showing improvements in sleep efficiency assessed with polysomnography (SMD = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.38-1.50; p = 0.001). Exercise performed at moderate to maximal intensities (SMD = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.05-0.87; p = 0.03) had significant effects on subjective sleep quality. In contrast, exercise performed at mild to moderate intensities showed non-significant effects (SMD = 0.76; 95% CI = -0.24-1.76; p = 0.14). These results support the use of exercise to improve sleep quality in persons with PD and reinforce the importance of achieving vigorous exercise intensities. Biases, limitations, practice points and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Cristini
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxana Weiss
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernat De Las Heras
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Almudena Medina-Rincón
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Doyon
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Institute, Le Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie Carrier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Amy W Amara
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marc Roig
- Memory and Motor Rehabilitation Laboratory (MEMORY-LAB), Feil and Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Montreal Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Laval, Quebec, Canada; School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. https://memorylab.ca/
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47
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Hall MFE, Church FC. Exercise for Older Adults Improves the Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease and Potentially Enhances the Immune Response to COVID-19. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E612. [PMID: 32899958 PMCID: PMC7563553 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder brought about due to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta region. PD presents most commonly in older adults and is a disorder of both motor and nonmotor dysfunction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and older individuals, those with preexisting medical conditions, or both have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 with more severe outcomes. People-with-Parkinson's (PwP) of advanced age can have both immune and autonomic nervous problems that potentially lead to pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and higher infection risk, increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. A lifestyle change involving moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to protect against SARS-CoV-2 through strengthening the immune system. In addition to a potential protective measure against SARS-CoV-2, exercise has been shown to improve quality-of-life (QoL) in PD patients. Recent studies provide evidence of exercise as both neuroprotective and neuroplastic. This article is a literature review investigating the role exercise plays in modifying the immune system, improving health outcomes in PwP, and potentially acting as a protective measure against SARS-Cov-2 infection. We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank C. Church
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
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48
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Marchetti B. Nrf2/Wnt resilience orchestrates rejuvenation of glia-neuron dialogue in Parkinson's disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101664. [PMID: 32863224 PMCID: PMC7395594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have long been recognized to contribute to Parkinson's disease (PD), a common movement disorder characterized by the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The causes and mechanisms still remain elusive, but a complex interplay between several genes and a number of interconnected environmental factors, are chiefly involved in mDAn demise, as they intersect the key cellular functions affected in PD, such as the inflammatory response, mitochondrial, lysosomal, proteosomal and autophagic functions. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 -like 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling cascade, a vital pathway for mDAn neurogenesis and neuroprotection, emerge as critical intertwinned actors in mDAn physiopathology, as a decline of an Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin prosurvival axis with age underlying PD mutations and a variety of noxious environmental exposures drive PD neurodegeneration. Unexpectedly, astrocytes, the so-called "star-shaped" cells, harbouring an arsenal of "beneficial" and "harmful" molecules represent the turning point in the physiopathological and therapeutical scenario of PD. Fascinatingly, "astrocyte's fil rouge" brings back to Nrf2/Wnt resilience, as boosting the Nrf2/Wnt resilience program rejuvenates astrocytes, in turn (i) mitigating nigrostriatal degeneration of aged mice, (ii) reactivating neural stem progenitor cell proliferation and neuron differentiation in the brain and (iii) promoting a beneficial immunomodulation via bidirectional communication with mDAns. Then, through resilience of Nrf2/Wnt/β-catenin anti-ageing, prosurvival and proregenerative molecular programs, it seems possible to boost the inherent endogenous self-repair mechanisms. Here, the cellular and molecular aspects as well as the therapeutical options for rejuvenating glia-neuron dialogue will be discussed together with major glial-derived mechanisms and therapies that will be fundamental to the identification of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), to fight ageing and nigrostriatal DAergic degeneration and promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 65, 95125, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Neuropharmacology Section, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, EN, Italy.
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Li F, Geng X, Huber C, Stone C, Ding Y. In Search of a Dose: The Functional and Molecular Effects of Exercise on Post-stroke Rehabilitation in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:186. [PMID: 32670026 PMCID: PMC7330054 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical exercise has been demonstrated to augment recovery of the post-stroke brain, the question of what level of exercise intensity optimizes neurological outcomes of post-stroke rehabilitation remains unsettled. In this study, we aim to clarify the mechanisms underlying the intensity-dependent effect of exercise on neurologic function, and thereby to help direct the clinical application of exercise-based neurorehabilitation. To do this, we used a well-established rat model of ischemic stroke consisting of cerebral ischemia induction through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Ischemic rats were subsequently assigned either to a control group entailing post-stroke rest or to one of two exercise groups distinguished by the intensity of their accompanying treadmill regimens. After 24 h of reperfusion, exercise was initiated. Infarct volume, apoptotic cell death, and neurological defects were quantified in all groups at 3 days, and motor and cognitive functions were tracked up to day-28. Additionally, Western blotting was used to assess the influence of our interventions on several proteins related to synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity (growth-associated protein 43, a microtubule-associated protein, postsynaptic density-95, synapsin I, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, tyrosine kinase B, and cAMP response element-binding protein). Our results were in equal parts encouraging and surprising. Both mild and intense exercise significantly decreased infarct volume, cell death, and neurological deficits. Motor and cognitive function, as determined using an array of tests such as beam balance, forelimb placing, and the Morris water maze, were also significantly improved by both exercise protocols. Interestingly, while an obvious enhancement of neuroplasticity proteins was shown in both exercise groups, mild exercise rats demonstrated a stronger effect on the expressions of Tau (p < 0.01), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (p < 0.01), and tyrosine kinase B (p < 0.05). These findings contribute to the growing body of literature regarding the positive effects of both mild and intense long-term treadmill exercise on brain injury, functional outcome, and neuroplasticity. Additionally, the results may provide a base for our future study regarding the regulation of HIF-1α on the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in the biochemical processes underlying post-stroke synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christian Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Christopher Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Research and Development Center, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
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Aerobic Exercise and Healthy Nutrition as Neuroprotective Agents for Brain Health in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review of the Literature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050380. [PMID: 32380715 PMCID: PMC7278852 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and nonmotor features that have an influence on patients’ quality of life at different levels. To date, some evidences have arisen on the effectiveness of physical trainings and nutrients intake in ameliorating functional and cognitive outcomes in PD patients. Physical activity is effective in improving both motor and nonmotor features and recent epidemiological investigations have revealed the pivotal role that dietary patterns may play in reducing the risk of PD highlighting the pathogenesis of the neurodegeneration. Specifically, aerobic exercise shows beneficial effects in improving motor functions and executive control in PD patients, as well as proper nutrition may help in improving neuroprotective agents counteracting neurodegeneration and allows patients to better interact with the medication. Our narrative review critically focused on aerobic exercise and nutrition in PD in order to point out the best prescriptions for brain health of affected patients. Implications for a therapeutic plan and rehabilitation for these patients are also discussed.
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