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Pollatou A, Holland CM, Stockton TJ, Peterson BS, Scheinost D, Monk C, Spann MN. Mapping Early Brain-Body Interactions: Associations of Fetal Heart Rate Variation with Newborn Brainstem, Hypothalamic, and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Functional Connectivity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2363232024. [PMID: 38604780 PMCID: PMC11140686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2363-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the body's physiology, including cardiovascular function. As the ANS develops during the second to third trimester, fetal heart rate variability (HRV) increases while fetal heart rate (HR) decreases. In this way, fetal HR and HRV provide an index of fetal ANS development and future neurobehavioral regulation. Fetal HR and HRV have been associated with child language ability and psychomotor development behavior in toddlerhood. However, their associations with postbirth autonomic brain systems, such as the brainstem, hypothalamus, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), have yet to be investigated even though brain pathways involved in autonomic regulation are well established in older individuals. We assessed whether fetal HR and HRV were associated with the brainstem, hypothalamic, and dACC functional connectivity in newborns. Data were obtained from 60 pregnant individuals (ages 14-42) at 24-27 and 34-37 weeks of gestation using a fetal actocardiograph to generate fetal HR and HRV. During natural sleep, their infants (38 males and 22 females) underwent a fMRI scan between 40 and 46 weeks of postmenstrual age. Our findings relate fetal heart indices to brainstem, hypothalamic, and dACC connectivity and reveal connections with widespread brain regions that may support behavioral and emotional regulation. We demonstrated the basic physiologic association between fetal HR indices and lower- and higher-order brain regions involved in regulatory processes. This work provides the foundation for future behavioral or physiological regulation research in fetuses and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Pollatou
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Cristin M Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Thirsten J Stockton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06506
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Marisa N Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
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Lucero-Orozco NB, Reyes-Lagos JJ, Ortíz-Pedroza MDR, Talavera-Peña AK, Abarca-Castro EA, Mendieta-Zerón H, Pliego-Carrillo AC, Rodríguez-Arce J, Zúñiga-Avilés LA, Santiago-Fuentes LM, Ledesma-Ramírez CI, Peña-Castillo MÁ. Analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations in women diagnosed with preeclampsia during the latent phase of labor. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1340441. [PMID: 38846420 PMCID: PMC11154906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1340441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) is a tool used to investigate the functioning of the fetal autonomic nervous system. Despite the significance of preeclampsia, fHRV during the latent phase of labor has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate fetal cardiac autonomic activity by using linear and nonlinear indices of fHRV analysis in women diagnosed with preeclampsia without hypertensive treatment during gestation, compared to normotensive women during the latent phase of labor. Methods A cross-sectional and exploratory study was conducted among pregnant women in the latent phase of labor, forming three study groups: normotensive or control (C, 38.8 ± 1.3 weeks of pregnancy, n = 22), preeclampsia with moderate features (P, 37.6 ± 1.4 weeks of pregnancy n = 10), and preeclampsia with severe features (SP, 36.9 ± 1.2 weeks of pregnancy, n = 12). None of the participants received anti-hypertensive treatment during their pregnancy. Linear and nonlinear features of beat-to-beat fHRV, including temporal, frequency, symbolic dynamics, and entropy measures, were analyzed to compare normotensive and preeclamptic groups. Results Significantly lower values of multiscale entropy (MSE) and short-term complexity index (Ci) were observed in the preeclamptic groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Additionally, higher values of SDNN (standard deviation of R-R intervals) and higher values of low-frequency power (LF) were found in the P group compared to the C group. Conclusion Our findings indicate that changes in the complexity of fetal heart rate fluctuations may indicate possible disruptions in the autonomic nervous system of fetuses in groups affected by undiagnosed preeclampsia during pregnancy. Reduced complexity and shifts in fetal autonomic cardiac activity could be associated with preeclampsia's pathophysiological mechanisms during the latent phase of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Lucero-Orozco
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - María del Rocío Ortíz-Pedroza
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ana Karen Talavera-Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Eric Alonso Abarca-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma (UAM-L), Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Hugo Mendieta-Zerón
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Rodríguez-Arce
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián Zúñiga-Avilés
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico
| | - Laura Mercedes Santiago-Fuentes
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Peña-Castillo
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Spairani E, Steyde G, Tagliaferri S, Signorini MG, Magenes G. Fetal states identification in cardiotocographic tracings through discrete emissions multivariate hidden Markov models. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 240:107736. [PMID: 37531691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Computerized Cardiotocography (cCTG) allows to analyze the Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) objectively and thoroughly, providing valuable insights on fetal condition. A challenging but crucial task in this context is the automatic identification of fetal activity and quiet periods within the tracings. Different neural mechanisms are involved in the regulation of the fetal heart, depending on the behavioral states. Thereby, their correct identification has the potential to increase the interpretability and diagnostic capabilities of FHR quantitative analysis. Moreover, the most common pathologies in pregnancy have been associated with variations in the alternation between quiet and activity states. METHODS We address the problem of fetal states clustering by means of an unsupervised approach, resorting to the use of a multivariate Hidden Markov Models (HMM) with discrete emissions. A fixed length sliding window is shifted on the CTG traces and a small set of features is extracted at each slide. After an encoding procedure, these features become the emissions of a multivariate HMM in which quiet and activity are the hidden states. After an unsupervised training procedure, the model is used to automatically segment signals. RESULTS The achieved results indicate that our developed model exhibits a high degree of reliability in identifying quiet and activity states within FHR signals. A set of 35 CTG signals belonging to different pregnancies were independently annotated by an expert gynecologist and segmented using the proposed HMM. To avoid any bias, the physician was blinded to the results provided by the algorithm. The overall agreement between the HMM's predictions and the clinician's interpretations was 90%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method reliably identified fetal behavioral states, the alternance of which is an important factor in the fetal development. One key strength of our approach lies in the ease of interpreting the obtained results. By utilizing a small set of parameters that are already used in cCTG and possess clear intrinsic meanings, our method provides a high level of explainability. Another significant advantage of our approach is its fully unsupervised learning process. The states identified by our model using the Baum-Welch algorithm are associated with the "Active" and "Quiet" states only after the clustering process, removing the reliance on expert annotations. By autonomously identifying the clusters based solely on the intrinsic characteristics of the signal, our method achieves a more objective evaluation that overcomes the limitations of subjective interpretations. Indeed, we believe it could be integrated in cCTG systems to obtain a more complete signal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Spairani
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulio Steyde
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tagliaferri
- Department. of Obstetrical- Gynaecological and Urological Science and Reproductive Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria G Signorini
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Magenes
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Ferber SG, Geva R, Weller A. When the Mind Comes to Live Inside the Body: The Ontogeny of the Perceptual Control Clock. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:13-21. [PMID: 35410607 PMCID: PMC10193756 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411095508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we discuss the neurobiological processes underlying the early emergence of awareness that we term the "when" and "how" the mind comes to live inside the body. We describe an accumulative developmental process starting during embryonic life and continuing to fetal and postnatal development, of coupling of heart rate, body movements, and sleep states on the behavioral level with underlying mechanisms on the structural, functional, cellular, and molecular levels. A developmental perspective is proposed based on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). This includes a developing sequence of modules starting from early sensing of neural intensities to early manifestation of human mindful capacities. We also address pharmacological treatments administered to preterm infants, which may interfere with this development, and highlight the need to consider this potential "side effect" of current pharmaceuticals when developing novel pharmacogenomic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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King VJ, Bennet L, Stone PR, Clark A, Gunn AJ, Dhillon SK. Fetal growth restriction and stillbirth: Biomarkers for identifying at risk fetuses. Front Physiol 2022; 13:959750. [PMID: 36060697 PMCID: PMC9437293 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.959750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of stillbirth, prematurity and impaired neurodevelopment. Its etiology is multifactorial, but many cases are related to impaired placental development and dysfunction, with reduced nutrient and oxygen supply. The fetus has a remarkable ability to respond to hypoxic challenges and mounts protective adaptations to match growth to reduced nutrient availability. However, with progressive placental dysfunction, chronic hypoxia may progress to a level where fetus can no longer adapt, or there may be superimposed acute hypoxic events. Improving detection and effective monitoring of progression is critical for the management of complicated pregnancies to balance the risk of worsening fetal oxygen deprivation in utero, against the consequences of iatrogenic preterm birth. Current surveillance modalities include frequent fetal Doppler ultrasound, and fetal heart rate monitoring. However, nearly half of FGR cases are not detected in utero, and conventional surveillance does not prevent a high proportion of stillbirths. We review diagnostic challenges and limitations in current screening and monitoring practices and discuss potential ways to better identify FGR, and, critically, to identify the “tipping point” when a chronically hypoxic fetus is at risk of progressive acidosis and stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. King
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R. Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Biomedical Engineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J. Gunn
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simerdeep K. Dhillon
- Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Simerdeep K. Dhillon,
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Alkhodari M, Widatalla N, Wahbah M, Al Sakaji R, Funamoto K, Krishnan A, Kimura Y, Khandoker AH. Deep learning identifies cardiac coupling between mother and fetus during gestation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:926965. [PMID: 35966548 PMCID: PMC9372367 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.926965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, stillbirth has caused around 2 million fetal deaths worldwide. Although current ultrasound tools are reliably used for the assessment of fetal growth during pregnancy, it still raises safety issues on the fetus, requires skilled providers, and has economic concerns in less developed countries. Here, we propose deep coherence, a novel artificial intelligence (AI) approach that relies on 1 min non-invasive electrocardiography (ECG) to explain the association between maternal and fetal heartbeats during pregnancy. We validated the performance of this approach using a trained deep learning tool on a total of 941 one minute maternal-fetal R-peaks segments collected from 172 pregnant women (20–40 weeks). The high accuracy achieved by the tool (90%) in identifying coupling scenarios demonstrated the potential of using AI as a monitoring tool for frequent evaluation of fetal development. The interpretability of deep learning was significant in explaining synchronization mechanisms between the maternal and fetal heartbeats. This study could potentially pave the way toward the integration of automated deep learning tools in clinical practice to provide timely and continuous fetal monitoring while reducing triage, side-effects, and costs associated with current clinical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Alkhodari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Mohanad Alkhodari
| | - Namareq Widatalla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maisam Wahbah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghad Al Sakaji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kiyoe Funamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anita Krishnan
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ahsan H. Khandoker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Ahsan H. Khandoker
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Zizzo AR, Kirkegaard I, Uldbjerg N, Hansen J, Mølgaard H. Towards better reliability in fetal heart rate variability using time domain and spectral domain analyses. A new method for assessing fetal neurological state? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263272. [PMID: 35231034 PMCID: PMC8887753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) has shown potential in fetal surveillance. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the reliability of time domain and spectral domain parameters based on non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG). METHOD NI-FECG, with a sampling frequency of 1 kHz, was obtained in 75 healthy, singleton pregnant women between gestational age (GA) 20+0 to 41+0. The recording was divided into a) heart rate pattern (HRP) and b) periods fulfilling certain criteria of stationarity of RR-intervals, termed stationary heart rate pattern (SHRP). Within each recording, the first and the last time series from each HRP with less than 5% artifact correction were analyzed and compared. Standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR-intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), high frequency power (HF-power), low frequency power (LF-power), and LF-power/HF-power were performed. A multivariate mixed model was used and acceptable reliability was defined as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.80 and a coefficient of variation (CV) ≤ 15%. Based on these results, the CV and ICC were computed if the average of two to six time series was used. RESULTS For GA 28+0 to 34+6, SDNN and RMSSD exhibited acceptable reliability (CV < 15%; ICC > 90%), whereas GA 35+0 to 41+0and 20+0 to 27+6 showed higher CVs. Spectral domain parameters also showed high CVs However, by using the mean value of two to six time series, acceptable reliability in SDNN, RMSSD and HF-power from GA 28+0 was achieved. Stationarity of RR-intervals showed high influence on reliability and SHRP was superior to HRP, whereas the length of the time series showed minor influence. CONCLUSION Acceptable reliability seems achievable in SDNN, RMSSD and HF-power from gestational week 28. However, stationarity of RR-intervals should be considered when selecting time series for analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rahbek Zizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Ida Kirkegaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - John Hansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Semeia L, Sippel K, Moser J, Preissl H. Evaluation of parameters for fetal behavioural state classification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3410. [PMID: 35233073 PMCID: PMC8888564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal behavioural states (fBS) describe periods of fetal wakefulness and sleep and are commonly defined by features such as body and eye movements and heart rate. Automatic state detection through algorithms relies on different parameters and thresholds derived from both the heart rate variability (HRV) and the actogram, which are highly dependent on the specific datasets and are prone to artefacts. Furthermore, the development of the fetal states is dynamic over the gestational period and the evaluation usually only separated into early and late gestation (before and after 32 weeks). In the current work, fBS detection was consistent between the classification algorithm and visual inspection in 87 fetal magnetocardiographic data segments between 27 and 39 weeks of gestational age. To identify how automated fBS detection could be improved, we first identified commonly used parameters for fBS classification in both the HRV and the actogram, and investigated their distribution across the different fBS. Then, we calculated a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve to determine the performance of each parameter in the fBS classification. Finally, we investigated the development of parameters over gestation through linear regression. As a result, the parameters derived from the HRV have a higher classification accuracy compared to those derived from the body movement as defined by the actogram. However, the overlapping distributions of several parameters across states limit a clear separation of states based on these parameters. The changes over gestation of the HRV parameters reflect the maturation of the fetal autonomic nervous system. Given the higher classification accuracy of the HRV in comparison to the actogram, we suggest to focus further research on the HRV. Furthermore, we propose to develop probabilistic fBS classification approaches to improve classification in less prototypical datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Semeia
- IDM/fMEG Center of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Otfried-Müller-Str. 47, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katrin Sippel
- IDM/fMEG Center of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Otfried-Müller-Str. 47, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Moser
- IDM/fMEG Center of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Otfried-Müller-Str. 47, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- IDM/fMEG Center of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Otfried-Müller-Str. 47, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Rahbek Zizzo A, Kirkegaard I, From Reese C, Hansen J, Uldbjerg N, Mølgaard H. Fetal respiratory movements improve reliability of heart rate variability and suggest a coupling between fetal respiratory arrhythmia and vagal activity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15224. [PMID: 35307959 PMCID: PMC8935276 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) reflects autonomic cardiac regulation. The autonomic nervous system constantly adjusts the heart rate to maintain homeostasis. By providing insight into the fetal autonomic state, FHRV has the potential to become an investigational and clinical instrument. However, the method needs standardization and the influence of fetal movements, including fetal respiratory movements, is not well explored. Therefore, in a highly standardized setting, the aim was to evaluate the association between fetal movements and fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) including their impact on reliability. Fetal heart rate was obtained by noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-FECG) and fetal movements by simultaneous ultrasound scanning in 30 healthy singleton pregnant women on two occasions with a maximum interval of 7 days. The standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR-intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive RR-interval differences (RMDDS), high-frequency power (HF-power), low-frequency power (LF-power), and LF/HF were measured. A multivariate mixed model was used and reliability was defined as acceptable by a coefficient of variance (CV) ≤15% and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥0.80. During time periods with fetal respiratory movements, the highest reliability was achieved. Intra- and inter-observer reliability measurements were very high (CV: 0-9%; ICC ≧ 0.86). Within the same recording, SDNN and RMSSD achieved acceptable reliability (CV: 14-15%; ICC ≧ 0.80). However, day-to-day reliability displayed high CV's. In time periods with fetal respiratory movements, as compared to periods with quiescence RMSSD and HF-power were higher (Ratio: 1.33-2.03) and LF/HF power lower (Ratio: 0.54). In periods with fetal body movements SDNN, RMSSD and HF-power were higher (Ratio: 1.27-1.65). In conclusion, time periods with fetal respiratory movements were associated with high reliability of FHRV analyses and the highest values of parameters supposed to represent vagal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rahbek Zizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Ida Kirkegaard
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Camille From Reese
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - John Hansen
- Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of CardiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
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Goldstein Ferber S, Weller A, Ben-Shachar M, Klinger G, Geva R. Development of the Ontogenetic Self-Regulation Clock. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:993. [PMID: 35055184 PMCID: PMC8778416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no overarching proposition for the ontogenetic-neurobiological basis of self-regulation. This paper suggests that the balanced self-regulatory reaction of the fetus, newborn and infant is based on a complex mechanism starting from early brainstem development and continuing to progressive control of the cortex over the brainstem. It is suggested that this balance occurs through the synchronous reactivity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, both which originate from the brainstem. The paper presents an evidence-based approach in which molecular excitation-inhibition balance, interchanges between excitatory and inhibitory roles of neurotransmitters as well as cardiovascular and white matter development across gestational ages, are shown to create sympathetic-parasympathetic synchrony, including the postnatal development of electroencephalogram waves and vagal tone. These occur in developmental milestones detectable in the same time windows (sensitive periods of development) within a convergent systematic progress. This ontogenetic stepwise process is termed "the self-regulation clock" and suggest that this clock is located in the largest connection between the brainstem and the cortex, the corticospinal tract. This novel evidence-based new theory paves the way towards more accurate hypotheses and complex studies of self-regulation and its biological basis, as well as pointing to time windows for interventions in preterm infants. The paper also describes the developing indirect signaling between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the corticospinal tract. Finally, the paper proposes novel hypotheses for molecular, structural and functional investigation of the "clock" circuitry, including its associations with other biological clocks. This complex circuitry is suggested to be responsible for the developing self-regulatory functions and their neurobehavioral correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.W.); (R.G.)
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.W.); (R.G.)
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Michal Ben-Shachar
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Gil Klinger
- Department of Neonatology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikvah 4920235, Israel;
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.W.); (R.G.)
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
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11
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Ponsiglione AM, Amato F, Romano M. Multiparametric Investigation of Dynamics in Fetal Heart Rate Signals. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 9:bioengineering9010008. [PMID: 35049717 PMCID: PMC8772900 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of electronic fetal health monitoring, computerized analysis of fetal heart rate (FHR) signals has emerged as a valid decision-support tool in the assessment of fetal wellbeing. Despite the availability of several approaches to analyze the variability of FHR signals (namely the FHRV), there are still shadows hindering a comprehensive understanding of how linear and nonlinear dynamics are involved in the control of the fetal heart rhythm. In this study, we propose a straightforward processing and modeling route for a deeper understanding of the relationships between the characteristics of the FHR signal. A multiparametric modeling and investigation of the factors influencing the FHR accelerations, chosen as major indicator of fetal wellbeing, is carried out by means of linear and nonlinear techniques, blockwise dimension reduction, and artificial neural networks. The obtained results show that linear features are more influential compared to nonlinear ones in the modeling of HRV in healthy fetuses. In addition, the results suggest that the investigation of nonlinear dynamics and the use of predictive tools in the field of FHRV should be undertaken carefully and limited to defined pregnancy periods and FHR mean values to provide interpretable and reliable information to clinicians and researchers.
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12
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Nichting TJ, Frenken MWE, van der Woude DAA, van Oostrum NHM, de Vet CM, van Willigen BG, van Laar JOEH, van der Ven M, Oei SG. Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography, electrohysterography and speckle-tracking echocardiography in the second trimester: study protocol of a longitudinal prospective cohort study (BEATS-study). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:791. [PMID: 34823483 PMCID: PMC8613985 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth remain the leading causes of maternal and fetal pregnancy-related mortality and (long-term) morbidity. Fetal cardiac deformation changes can be the first sign of placental dysfunction, which is associated with HDP, FGR and preterm birth. In addition, preterm birth is likely associated with changes in electrical activity across the uterine muscle. Therefore, fetal cardiac function and uterine activity can be used for the early detection of these complications in pregnancy. Fetal cardiac function and uterine activity can be assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NI-fECG), and electrohysterography (EHG). This study aims to generate reference values for 2D-STE, NI-fECG and EHG parameters during the second trimester of pregnancy and to investigate the diagnostic potential of these parameters in the early detection of HDP, FGR and preterm birth. Methods In this longitudinal prospective cohort study, eligible women will be recruited from a tertiary care hospital and a primary midwifery practice. In total, 594 initially healthy pregnant women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy will be included. Recordings of NI-fECG and EHG will be made weekly from 22 until 28 weeks of gestation and 2D-STE measurements will be performed 4-weekly at 16, 20, 24 and 28 weeks gestational age. Retrospectively, pregnancies complicated with pregnancy-related diseases will be excluded from the cohort. Reference values for 2D-STE, NI-fECG and EHG parameters will be assessed in uncomplicated pregnancies. After, 2D-STE, NI-fCG and EHG parameters measured during gestation in complicated pregnancies will be compared with these reference values. Discussion This will be the a large prospective study investigating new technologies that could potentially have a high impact on antepartum fetal monitoring. Trial registration Registered on 26 March 2020 in the Dutch Trial Register (NL8769) via https://www.trialregister.nl/trials and registered on 21 October 2020 to the Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (NL73607.015.20) via https://www.toetsingonline.nl/to/ccmo_search.nsf/Searchform?OpenForm.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Nichting
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands. .,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. .,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - M W E Frenken
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - D A A van der Woude
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - N H M van Oostrum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Gent, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - C M de Vet
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - B G van Willigen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J O E H van Laar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M van der Ven
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S G Oei
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima MC, P.O. Box 7777, 5500 MB, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Eindhoven MedTech Innovation Centre, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Einspieler C, Prayer D, Marschik PB. Fetal movements: the origin of human behaviour. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:1142-1148. [PMID: 33973235 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The study of the onset and ontogeny of human behaviour has made it clear that a multitude of fetal movement patterns are spontaneously generated, and that there is a close association between activity and the development of peripheral and central structures. The embryo starts moving by 7.5 week's gestation; 2 to 3 weeks later, a number of movement patterns including general movements, isolated limb and head movements, hiccup, and breathing movements, appear. Some movements (e.g. yawning, smiling, 'pointing'; we show these in eight videos in this review) precede life-long patterns; others have intrauterine functions, such as sucking/swallowing for amniotic fluid regulation, breathing movements for lung development, or eye movements for retinal cell diversity. In cases of developmental brain dysfunction, fetal general movements alter their sequence and gestalt, which suggests a dysfunction of the developing nervous system. The scarcity of longitudinal studies calls for further comprehensive research on the predictive value of prenatal functional deviations. What this paper adds Motor output can occur in the absence of sensory input. Structural development is activity-dependent. Fetal general movements are among the first movement patterns to occur. Pregnancy-related and maternal factors impact quantity and modulation of fetal general movements. Prenatal general movement assessment has not yet brought the expected breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Einspieler
- Research Unit iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter B Marschik
- Research Unit iDN, Interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen and LeibnizScience Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Cerritelli F, Frasch MG, Antonelli MC, Viglione C, Vecchi S, Chiera M, Manzotti A. A Review on the Vagus Nerve and Autonomic Nervous System During Fetal Development: Searching for Critical Windows. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:721605. [PMID: 34616274 PMCID: PMC8488382 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.721605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is one of the main biological systems that regulates the body's physiology. Autonomic nervous system regulatory capacity begins before birth as the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contributes significantly to the fetus' development. In particular, several studies have shown how vagus nerve is involved in many vital processes during fetal, perinatal, and postnatal life: from the regulation of inflammation through the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway, which may affect the functioning of each organ, to the production of hormones involved in bioenergetic metabolism. In addition, the vagus nerve has been recognized as the primary afferent pathway capable of transmitting information to the brain from every organ of the body. Therefore, this hypothesis paper aims to review the development of ANS during fetal and perinatal life, focusing particularly on the vagus nerve, to identify possible "critical windows" that could impact its maturation. These "critical windows" could help clinicians know when to monitor fetuses to effectively assess the developmental status of both ANS and specifically the vagus nerve. In addition, this paper will focus on which factors-i.e., fetal characteristics and behaviors, maternal lifestyle and pathologies, placental health and dysfunction, labor, incubator conditions, and drug exposure-may have an impact on the development of the vagus during the above-mentioned "critical window" and how. This analysis could help clinicians and stakeholders define precise guidelines for improving the management of fetuses and newborns, particularly to reduce the potential adverse environmental impacts on ANS development that may lead to persistent long-term consequences. Since the development of ANS and the vagus influence have been shown to be reflected in cardiac variability, this paper will rely in particular on studies using fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) to monitor the continued growth and health of both animal and human fetuses. In fact, fHRV is a non-invasive marker whose changes have been associated with ANS development, vagal modulation, systemic and neurological inflammatory reactions, and even fetal distress during labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cerritelli
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Martin G. Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marta C. Antonelli
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia “Prof. E. De Robertis”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Viglione
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefano Vecchi
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Chiera
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzotti
- Research and Assistance for Infants to Support Experience Lab, Foundation Center for Osteopathic Medicine Collaboration, Pescara, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, “V. Buzzi” Children's Hospital, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
- Research Department, Istituto Osteopatia Milano, Milan, Italy
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15
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Zöllkau J, Swiderski L, Schmidt A, Weschenfelder F, Groten T, Hoyer D, Schneider U. The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Metabolic Control and Fetal Autonomic Regulation, Movement and Birth Weight. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153378. [PMID: 34362160 PMCID: PMC8348724 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Maternal metabolic control in gestational diabetes is suggested to influence fetal autonomic control and movement activity, which may have fetal outcome implications. We aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal metabolic control, fetal autonomic heart rate regulation, activity and birth weight. (2) Methods: Prospective noninterventional longitudinal cohort monitoring study accompanying 19 patients with specialist clinical care for gestational diabetes. Monthly fetal magnetocardiography with electro-physiologically-based beat-to-beat heart rate recording for analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and the ‘fetal movement index’ (FMI) was performed. Data were compared to 167 healthy pregnant women retrieved from our pre-existing study database. (3) Results: Fetal vagal tone was increased with gestational diabetes compared to controls, whereas sympathetic tone and FMI did not differ. Within the diabetic population, sympathetic activation was associated with higher maternal blood-glucose levels. Maternal blood-glucose levels correlated positively with birth weight z scores. FMI showed no correlation with birth weight but attenuated the positive correlation between maternal blood-glucose levels and birth weight. (4) Conclusion: Fetal autonomic control is altered by gestational diabetes and maternal blood-glucose level, even if metabolic adjustment and outcome is comparable to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Zöllkau
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (F.W.); (T.G.); (U.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Swiderski
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (F.W.); (T.G.); (U.S.)
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Friederike Weschenfelder
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (F.W.); (T.G.); (U.S.)
| | - Tanja Groten
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (F.W.); (T.G.); (U.S.)
| | - Dirk Hoyer
- Biomagnetic Center, Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (A.S.); (D.H.)
| | - Uwe Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (L.S.); (F.W.); (T.G.); (U.S.)
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16
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Zwanenburg F, Jongbloed MRM, van Geloven N, Ten Harkel ADJ, van Lith JMM, Haak MC. Assessment of human fetal cardiac autonomic nervous system development using color tissue Doppler imaging. Echocardiography 2021; 38:974-981. [PMID: 34018638 PMCID: PMC8252470 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Functional development of the fetal cardiac autonomic nervous system (cANS) plays a key role in fetal maturation and can be assessed through fetal heart rate variability (fHRV)‐analysis, with each HRV parameter representing different aspects of cANS activity. Current available techniques, however, are unable to assess the fHRV parameters accurately throughout the whole pregnancy. This study aims to test the feasibility of color tissue Doppler imaging (cTDI) as a new ultrasound technique for HRV analysis. Secondly, we explored time trends of fHRV parameters using this technique. Methods 18 healthy singleton fetuses were examined sequentially every 8 weeks from 10 weeks GA onwards. From each examination, 3 cTDI recordings of the four‐chamber view of 10 seconds were retrieved to determine accurate beat‐to‐beat intervals. The fHRV parameters SDNN, RMSSD, SDNN/RMSSD, and pNN10, each representing different functional aspects of the cANS, were measured, and time trends during pregnancy were explored using spline functions within a linear mixed‐effects model. Results In total, 77% (95% Cl 66–87%) of examinations were feasible for fHRV analysis from the first trimester onwards, which is a great improvement compared to other techniques. The technique is able to determine different maturation rates of the fHRV parameters, showing that cANS function, presumably parasympathetic activity, establishes around 20 weeks GA and matures rapidly until 30 weeks GA. Conclusions This is the first study able to assess cANS function through fHRV analysis from the first trimester onwards. The use of cTDI to determine beat‐to‐beat intervals seems feasible in just 3 clips of 10 seconds, which holds promise for future clinical use in assessing fetal well‐being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Zwanenburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nan van Geloven
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M M van Lith
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique C Haak
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Campbell KSJ, Collier AC, Irvine MA, Brain U, Rurak DW, Oberlander TF, Lim KI. Maternal Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants Have Acute Effects on Fetal Heart Rate Variability in Late Gestation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680177. [PMID: 34483982 PMCID: PMC8415315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) antidepressants increases risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, yet little is known about whether effects are present before birth. In relation to maternal SRI pharmacokinetics, this study investigated chronic and acute effects of prenatal SRI exposure on third-trimester fetal heart rate variability (HRV), while evaluating confounding effects of maternal depressed mood. Methods: At 36-weeks' gestation, cardiotocograph measures of fetal HR and HRV were obtained from 148 pregnant women [four groups: SRI-Depressed (n = 31), SRI-Non-Depressed (n = 18), Depressed (unmedicated; n = 42), and Control (n = 57)] before, and ~5-h after, typical SRI dose. Maternal plasma drug concentrations were quantified at baseline (pre-dose) and four time-points post-dose. Mixed effects modeling investigated group differences between baseline/pre-dose and post-dose fetal HR outcomes. Post hoc analyses investigated sex differences and dose-dependent SRI effects. Results: Maternal SRI plasma concentrations were lowest during the baseline/pre-dose fetal assessment (trough) and increased to a peak at the post-dose assessment; concentration-time curves varied widely between individuals. No group differences in fetal HR or HRV were observed at baseline/pre-dose; however, following maternal SRI dose, short-term HRV decreased in both SRI-exposed fetal groups. In the SRI-Depressed group, these post-dose decreases were displayed by male fetuses, but not females. Further, episodes of high HRV decreased post-dose relative to baseline, but only among SRI-Non-Depressed group fetuses. Higher maternal SRI doses also predicted a greater number of fetal HR decelerations. Fetuses exposed to unmedicated maternal depressed mood did not differ from Controls. Conclusions: Prenatal SRI exposure had acute post-dose effects on fetal HRV in late gestation, which differed depending on maternal mood response to SRI pharmacotherapy. Importantly, fetal SRI effects were sex-specific among mothers with persistent depressive symptoms, as only male fetuses displayed acute HRV decreases. At trough (pre-dose), chronic fetal SRI effects were not identified; however, concurrent changes in maternal SRI plasma levels suggest that fetal drug exposure is inconsistent. Acute SRI-related changes in fetal HRV may reflect a pharmacologic mechanism, a transient impairment in autonomic functioning, or an early adaption to altered serotonergic signaling, which may differ between males and females. Replication is needed to determine significance with postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh S J Campbell
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Abby C Collier
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael A Irvine
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ursula Brain
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dan W Rurak
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth I Lim
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Zizzo AR, Kirkegaard I, Hansen J, Uldbjerg N, Mølgaard H. Fetal Heart Rate Variability Is Affected by Fetal Movements: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578898. [PMID: 33101059 PMCID: PMC7554531 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) evaluates the fetal neurological state, which is poorly assessed by conventional prenatal surveillance including cardiotocography (CTG). Accurate FHRV on a beat-to-beat basis, assessed by time domain and spectral domain analyses, has shown promising results in the scope of fetal surveillance. However, accepted standards for these techniques are lacking, and the influence of fetal breathing movements and gross movements may be especially challenging. Thus, current standards for equivalent assessments in adults prescribe rest and controlled respiration. The aim of this review is to clarify the importance of fetal movements on FHRV. Methods: A systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines based on publications in the EMBASE, the MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed. Studies describing the impact of fetal movements on time domain, spectral domain and entropy analyses in healthy human fetuses were reviewed. Only studies based on fetal electrocardiography or fetal magnetocardiography were included. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018068806. Results: In total, 14 observational studies were included. Fetal movement detection, signal processing, length, and selection of appropriate time series varied across studies. Despite these divergences, all studies showed an increase in overall FHRV in the moving fetus compared to the resting fetus. Especially short-term, vagal mediated indexes showed an increase during fetal breathing movements including an increase in Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) and High Frequency power (HF) and a decrease in Low Frequency power/High Frequency power (LF/HF). These findings were present even in analyses restricted to one specific fetal behavioral state defined by Nijhuis. On the other hand, fetal body movements seemed to increase parameters supposed to represent the sympathetic response [LF and Standard Deviation of RR-intervals from normal sinus beats (SDNN)] proportionally more than parameters representing the parasympathetic response (RMSSD, HF). Results regarding entropy analyses were inconclusive. Conclusion: Time domain analyses as well as spectral domain analyses are affected by fetal movements. Fetal movements and especially breathing movements should be considered in these analyses of FHRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rahbek Zizzo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Kirkegaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John Hansen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Donovan T, Dunn K, Penman A, Young RJ, Reid VM. Fetal eye movements in response to a visual stimulus. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01676. [PMID: 32609418 PMCID: PMC7428469 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2D ultrasound, the lens of the fetal eye can be distinguished as white circles within the hypoechoic eyeball, and eye movements can be visualized from about 15 weeks' gestation. It has been shown that from 31 weeks gestational age the fetal sensory system is capable of directed vision if enough light is available. METHODS We have developed a light source for delivering visual stimuli to be seen by the fetal eye, using laser dot diodes emitting at 650 nm. The 2D component of 94 fetal ultrasound scans (mean gestational age 240 days), where the light stimulus was presented, was coded to determine whether the eyes moved in response to the stimuli independent of any head movement. RESULTS The light stimulus significantly provoked head and eye movements, but after the light was withdrawn the head stopped moving, yet the eyes continued to move. CONCLUSION This provides evidence for visual attention mechanisms that can be controlled through eye movements that are independent of head movements prior to birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Donovan
- Medical Sciences, University of Cumbria, Lancaster, UK
| | - Kirsty Dunn
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Amy Penman
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Robert J Young
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vincent M Reid
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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20
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A pilot study: Auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) can be measured in human fetuses using fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235310. [PMID: 32697776 PMCID: PMC7375519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are ongoing evoked brain responses to continuous auditory stimuli that play a role for auditory processing of complex sounds and speech perception. Transient auditory event-related responses (AERRs) have previously been recorded using fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) but involve different neurological pathways. Previous studies in children and adults demonstrated that the cortical components of the ASSR are significantly affected by state of consciousness and by maturational changes in neonates and young infants. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate ASSRs in human fetuses. Methods 47 fMEG sessions were conducted with 24 healthy pregnant women in three gestational age groups (30–32 weeks, 33–35 weeks and 36–39 weeks). The stimulation consisted of amplitude-modulated (AM) tones with a duration of one second, a carrier frequency (CF) of 500 Hz and a modulation frequency (MF) of 27 Hz or 42 Hz. Both tones were presented in a random order with equal probability adding up to 80–100 repetitions per tone. The ASSR across trials was quantified by assessing phase synchrony in the cortical signals at the stimulation frequency. Results and conclusion Ten out of 47 recordings were excluded due to technical problems or maternal movements. Analysis of the included 37 fetal recordings revealed a statistically significant response for the phase coherence between trials for the MF of 27 Hz but not for 42 Hz. An exploratory subgroup analysis moreover suggested an advantage in detectability for fetal behavioral state 2F (active asleep) compared to 1F (quiet asleep) detected using fetal heart rate. In conclusion, this pilot study is the first description of a method to detect human ASSRs in fetuses. The findings warrant further investigations of the developing fetal brain.
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21
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Hibiya-Motegi R, Nakayama M, Matsuoka R, Takeda J, Nojiri S, Itakura A, Koike T, Ikeda K. Use of sound-elicited fetal heart rate accelerations to assess fetal hearing in the second and third trimester. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 133:110001. [PMID: 32222580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported that fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations could be obtained after fetal sound stimulation. We examined FHR accelerations during 20-37 weeks gestational age (GA) in order to assess the optimal time for the test. METHODS The fetus was stimulated from the maternal abdomen with pure tone 2000 Hz, 90 dB, 5 s. Changes in the FHR before and after the sound stimulation were measured by a cardiotocometer. RESULTS Compared with the positive rate of FHR accelerations at 20-21 weeks GA, significant increases were recognized in 26-27, 28 to 29, 30 to 31, and 34-35 weeks GA. Comparing the positive rate of FHR accelerations between the minimal and moderate variability of FHR baseline, no significant differences were observed at 20-27 weeks GA. On the other hand, at 28-37 weeks GA, the positive rate to detect FHR accelerations due to sound stimulation was 100% in moderate FHR baseline variability. CONCLUSION Considering development of human fetal hearing, the method should be performed between 28 and 37 weeks GA and during moderate FHR variability corresponding to active sleep conditions. The method developed in the present study may provide a promising tool for evaluating the fetal hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Hibiya-Motegi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Nakayama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rina Matsuoka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuko Nojiri
- Medical Technology Innovation Center Clinical Research, Trial Center Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Itakura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Koike
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ikeda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Duong HTH, Tadesse GA, Nhat PTH, Hao NV, Prince J, Duong TD, Kien TT, Nhat LTH, Tan LV, Pugh C, Loan HT, Chau NVV, Minh Yen L, Zhu T, Clifton D, Thwaites L. Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Autonomic Nervous System Disturbance in Tetanus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:403-407. [PMID: 31833471 PMCID: PMC7008337 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is a significant cause of mortality in tetanus. Currently, diagnosis relies on nonspecific clinical signs. Heart rate variability (HRV) may indicate underlying autonomic nervous system activity and represents a potentially valuable noninvasive tool for ANSD diagnosis in tetanus. HRV was measured from three 5-minute electrocardiogram recordings during a 24-hour period in a cohort of patients with severe tetanus, all receiving mechanical ventilation. HRV measurements from all subjects—five with ANSD (Ablett Grade 4) and four patients without ANSD (Ablett Grade 3)—showed HRV was lower than reported ranges for healthy individuals. Comparing different severities of tetanus, raw data for both time and frequency measurements of HRV were reduced in those with ANSD compared with those without. Differences were statistically significant in all except root mean square SD, indicating HRV may be a valuable tool in ANSD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girmaw Abebe Tadesse
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nguyen Van Hao
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - John Prince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tran Duc Duong
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trịnh Trung Kien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chris Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huynh Thi Loan
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Lam Minh Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Clifton
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Thwaites
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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23
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Bauer I, Hartkopf J, Kullmann S, Schleger F, Hallschmid M, Pauluschke-Fröhlich J, Fritsche A, Preissl H. Spotlight on the fetus: how physical activity during pregnancy influences fetal health: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000658. [PMID: 32206341 PMCID: PMC7078670 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Before and during pregnancy, women often aim to improve their lifestyle so as to provide a healthier environment for their developing child. It remains unresolved, however, as to whether physical activity (PA) during pregnancy poses a possible risk or whether it might even have beneficial effects on the developing child. There is increasing evidence that PA during pregnancy is indeed beneficial to maternal physiological and psychological health and that it is generally not detrimental to the fetal cardiovascular system and neuronal function in the developing child. This also led to international recommendations for PAs during pregnancy. In the current review, we aimed to comprehensively assess the evidence of beneficial and harmful effects of maternal PA, including high-performance sports, on fetal development. The different mental and body-based relaxation techniques presented here are frequently performed during pregnancy. We found a considerable number of studies addressing these issues. In general, neither low key, moderate maternal PA nor relaxation techniques were observed to have a harmful effect on the developing child. However, we identified some forms of PA which could have at least a transient unfavourable effect. Notably, the literature currently available does not provide enough evidence to enable us to make a general conclusive statement on this subject. This is due to the lack of longitudinal studies on the metabolic and cognitive effects of regular PA during pregnancy and the wide diversity of methods used. In particular, the kind of PA investigated in each study differed from study to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilena Bauer
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Hartkopf
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schleger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen/fMEG Center, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nephrology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Mat Husin H, Schleger F, Bauer I, Fehlert E, Kiefer-Schmidt I, Weiss M, Kagan KO, Brucker S, Pauluschke-Fröhlich J, Eswaran H, Häring HU, Fritsche A, Preissl H. Maternal Weight, Weight Gain, and Metabolism are Associated with Changes in Fetal Heart Rate and Variability. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:114-121. [PMID: 31858736 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prepregnancy obesity and extensive weight gain can lead to diseases in the offspring later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthropometric and metabolic factors on the fetal autonomic nervous system (ANS) in uncomplicated pregnancies. METHODS A total of 184 pregnant women in the second or third trimester were included, and for 104 women, maternal insulin sensitivity (ISI) was determined. Fetal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined by magnetic recording. Associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI, weight gain, and ISI with fetal HR and HRV were evaluated by ANCOVA, partial correlation, and mediation analysis. RESULTS HR was increased and HRV decreased in fetuses of mothers with overweight or obesity in comparison to normal-weight mothers. Fetal HR was negatively correlated with maternal weight gain. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was positively correlated with fetal high frequency and was negatively correlated with low frequency and low/high frequency ratio. Maternal ISI showed a negative correlation with fetal HR. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the fetal ANS is sensitive to alterations of prepregnancy BMI, weight changes, and glucose metabolism. These findings highlight the importance of the intrauterine environment on the developing ANS and the possible programming of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haliza Mat Husin
- fMEG Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schleger
- fMEG Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich (IDM) at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilena Bauer
- fMEG Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich (IDM) at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Fehlert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kiefer-Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magdalene Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl Oliver Kagan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pauluschke-Fröhlich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hari Eswaran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich (IDM) at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich (IDM) at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- fMEG Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich (IDM) at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Centre, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
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25
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Schmidt A, Witte R, Swiderski L, Zöllkau J, Schneider U, Hoyer D. Advanced automatic detection of fetal body movements from multichannel magnetocardiographic signals. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:085005. [PMID: 31426051 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab3c96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both heart rate (HR) monitoring and detection and description of fetal movements provide essential information of the integrity of in utero development and fetal wellbeing. Our previously described method to identify movements from multichannel magnetocardiographic (MCG) recordings lacks of reliability in some cases. This work is aimed at the improvement of fetal movement detection by means of an advanced signal processing and validation strategy. APPROACH The previously proposed methodology of fetal body movement detection from MCG recordings using single space angle (SSA), min-max amplitude (MMA) and a measure of the overall signal strength across (RSS) was extended by moving correlation coefficient (MCC). The methodology was developed with respect to the discrimination between active and quiet sleep, validated by testing its coupling with HR accelerations in a total of 137 recordings lasting 30 min from 98 fetuses aged 34-38 weeks of gestation (WGA) of normal pregnancy. MAIN RESULTS The developed algorithm improves the reliable automatic detection of fetal body movements independent of the fetal sleep states and their changes in the individual MCG recordings. In the fetuses aged 34-38 WGA 94% of 15 × 15 HR accelerations were coupled with detected movements. The visual inspection of the movement graphs of 30 fetuses aged 20-32 WGA supports the transferability of the movement detector to this age. In four subjects MCG-based movement detection and maternal report on percepted fetal movements were consistent. SIGNIFICANCE The presented methodology allows the parallel automatic acquisition of precise fetal heart rate variability (HRV) indices based on subsequent beat intervals and of fetal body movements from MCG recordings during late 2nd and 3rd trimester. Potential advantages of parallel monitoring of fetal HRV and movements using MCG compared to established ultrasound technology should be investigated in subsequent studies with respect to the identification of fetuses at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmidt
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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26
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Oliveira V, von Rosenberg W, Montaldo P, Adjei T, Mendoza J, Shivamurthappa V, Mandic D, Thayyil S. Early Postnatal Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Newborn Infants. Front Physiol 2019; 10:922. [PMID: 31440164 PMCID: PMC6692663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing interest in fetal and neonatal heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and its potential use as a tool for early disease stratification, no studies have previously described the normal trends of HRV in healthy babies during the first hours of postnatal life. Methods We prospectively recruited 150 healthy babies from the postnatal ward and continuously recorded their electrocardiogram during the first 24 h after birth. Babies were included if born in good condition and stayed with their mother. Babies requiring any medication or treatment were excluded. Five-minute segments of the electrocardiogram (non-overlapping time-windows) with more than 90% consecutive good quality beats were included in the calculation of hourly medians and interquartile ranges to describe HRV trends over the first 24 h. We used multilevel mixed effects regression with auto-regressive covariance structure for all repeated measures analysis and t-tests to compare group differences. Non-normally distributed variables were log-transformed. Results Nine out of 16 HRV metrics (including heart rate) changed significantly over the 24 h [Heart rate p < 0.01; Standard deviation of the NN intervals p = 0.01; Standard deviation of the Poincaré plot lengthwise p < 0.01; Cardiac sympathetic index (CSI) p < 0.01; Normalized high frequency power p = 0.03; Normalized low frequency power p < 0.01; Total power p < 0.01; HRV index p = 0.01; Parseval index p = 0.03], adjusted for relevant clinical variables. We observed an increase in several HRV metrics during the first 6 h followed by a gradual normalization by approximately 12 h of age. Between 6 and 12 h of age, only heart rate and the normalized low frequency power changed significantly, while between 12 and 18 h no metric, other than heart rate, changed significantly. Analysis with multilevel mixed effects regression analysis (multivariable) revealed that gestational age, reduced fetal movements, cardiotocography and maternal chronic or pregnancy induced illness were significant predictors of several HRV metrics. Conclusion Heart rate variability changes significantly during the first day of life, particularly during the first 6 h. The significant correlations between HRV and clinical risk variables support the hypothesis that HRV is a good indicator of overall wellbeing of a baby and is sensitive to detect birth-related stress and monitor its resolution over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Oliveira
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilhelm von Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Montaldo
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Tricia Adjei
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Mendoza
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Danilo Mandic
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sudhin Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Zavala JH, Ecklund-Flores L, Myers MM, Fifer WP. Assessment of autonomic function in the late term fetus: The effects of sex and state. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:224-231. [PMID: 31127614 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have reported associations between fetal sex and heart rate (FHR) and heart rate variability (FHRV) but rarely in the context of fetal behavioral sleep state. We examined differences in measures of fetal autonomic function by sex and sleep state. Fetal abdominal ECG monitoring technology was used to measure FHR and two measures of FHRV-standard deviation of FHR (SD) and beat-to-beat variability (RMSSD). FHR and movement patterns were also recorded with standard Doppler ultrasound monitor technology employed to code sleep states. Data were collected from 82 healthy fetuses ranging from 36 to 39 weeks gestation. A one-way MANOVA showed that FHR was significantly lower and SD was significantly higher for males than females. Independent samples t tests found that these sex differences were only in the active sleep state. There were no significant differences in RMSSD by sex. Repeated measures MANOVA for a subset that exhibited more than one state (N = 22) showed that SD was significantly different by state. RMSSD showed a marginally significant sleep state difference. In conclusion, fetal sex differences in HR and HRV may indicate more mature autonomic functioning in near-term males than females and fetal sleep state can influence abdominal fECG derived measures of FHR and FHRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Zavala
- Department of Psychology, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Ecklund-Flores
- Department of Psychology, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Michael M Myers
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - William P Fifer
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
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28
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Sippel K, Moser J, Schleger F, Preissl H, Rosenstiel W, Spüler M. Fully Automated R-peak Detection Algorithm (FLORA) for fetal magnetoencephalographic data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 173:35-41. [PMID: 31046994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Fetal magnetoencephalography (fMEG) is a method for recording fetal brain signals, fetal and maternal heart activity simultaneously. The identification of the R-peaks of the heartbeats forms the basis for later heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The current procedure for the evaluation of fetal magnetocardiograms (fMCG) is either semi-automated evaluation using template matching (SATM) or Hilbert transformation algorithm (HTA). However, none of the methods available at present works reliable for all datasets. METHODS Our aim was to develop a unitary, responsive and fully automated R-peak detection algorithm (FLORA) that combines and enhances both of the methods used up to now. RESULTS The evaluation of all methods on 55 datasets verifies that FLORA outperforms both of these methods as well as a combination of the two, which applies in particular to data of fetuses at earlier gestational age. CONCLUSION The combined analysis shows that FLORA is capable of providing good, stable and reproducible results without manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sippel
- Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Wilhelm-Schickard- Institute for Computer Science - Computer Engineering Department, Tuebingen 72076 Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich University of Tuebingen, fMEG Center; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
| | - Julia Moser
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich University of Tuebingen, fMEG Center; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Franziska Schleger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich University of Tuebingen, fMEG Center; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich University of Tuebingen, fMEG Center; German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rosenstiel
- Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Wilhelm-Schickard- Institute for Computer Science - Computer Engineering Department, Tuebingen 72076 Germany
| | - Martin Spüler
- Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Wilhelm-Schickard- Institute for Computer Science - Computer Engineering Department, Tuebingen 72076 Germany
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29
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Schneider U, Bode F, Schmidt A, Nowack S, Rudolph A, Doelcker EM, Schlattmann P, Götz T, Hoyer D. Developmental milestones of the autonomic nervous system revealed via longitudinal monitoring of fetal heart rate variability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200799. [PMID: 30016343 PMCID: PMC6049949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) of normal-to-normal (NN) beat intervals provides high-temporal resolution access to assess the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). AIM To determine critical periods of fetal autonomic maturation. The developmental pace is hypothesized to change with gestational age (GA). STUDY DESIGN Prospective longitudinal observational study. SUBJECTS 60 healthy singleton fetuses were followed up by fetal magnetocardiographic heart rate monitoring 4-11 times (median 6) during the second half of gestation. OUTCOME MEASURE FHRV parameters, accounting for differential aspects of the ANS, were studied applying linear mixed models over four predefined pregnancy segments of interest (SoI: <27; 27+0-31+0; 31+1-35+0; >35+1 weeks GA). Periods of fetal active sleep and quiescence were accounted for separately. RESULTS Skewness of the NN interval distribution VLF/LF band power ratio and complexity describe a saturation function throughout the period of interest. A decreasing LF/HF ratio and an increase in pNN5 indicate a concurrent shift in sympathovagal balance. Fluctuation amplitude and parameters of short-term variability (RMSSD, HF band) mark a second acceleration towards term. In contrast, fetal quiescence is characterized by sequential, but low-margin transformations; ascending overall variability followed by an increase of complexity and superseded by fluctuation amplitude. CONCLUSIONS An increase in sympathetic activation, connected with by a higher ability of parasympathetic modulation and baseline stabilization, is reached during the transition from the late 2nd into the early 3rd trimester. Pattern characteristics indicating fetal well-being saturate at 35 weeks GA. Pronounced fetal breathing efforts near-term mirror in fHRV as respiratory sinus arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schneider
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Diagnostics and Fetal Physiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Franziska Bode
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Diagnostics and Fetal Physiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Samuel Nowack
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Prenatal Diagnostics and Fetal Physiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Doelcker
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Theresa Götz
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoyer
- Hans Berger Clinic of Neurology, Biomagnetic Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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30
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Mohammadi-Nejad AR, Mahmoudzadeh M, Hassanpour MS, Wallois F, Muzik O, Papadelis C, Hansen A, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Gelovani J, Nasiriavanaki M. Neonatal brain resting-state functional connectivity imaging modalities. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2018; 10:1-19. [PMID: 29511627 PMCID: PMC5832677 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infancy is the most critical period in human brain development. Studies demonstrate that subtle brain abnormalities during this state of life may greatly affect the developmental processes of the newborn infants. One of the rapidly developing methods for early characterization of abnormal brain development is functional connectivity of the brain at rest. While the majority of resting-state studies have been conducted using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there is clear evidence that resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) can also be evaluated using other imaging modalities. The aim of this review is to compare the advantages and limitations of different modalities used for the mapping of infants' brain functional connectivity at rest. In addition, we introduce photoacoustic tomography, a novel functional neuroimaging modality, as a complementary modality for functional mapping of infants' brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali-Reza Mohammadi-Nejad
- CIPCE, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Radiology and Research Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudzadeh
- INSERM, U1105, Université de Picardie, CURS, F80036, Amiens, France
- INSERM U1105, Exploration Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux Pédiatrique, South University Hospital, F80054, Amiens Cedex, France
| | | | - Fabrice Wallois
- INSERM, U1105, Université de Picardie, CURS, F80036, Amiens, France
- INSERM U1105, Exploration Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux Pédiatrique, South University Hospital, F80054, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Otto Muzik
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christos Papadelis
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Hansen
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
- CIPCE, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Departments of Radiology and Research Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Juri Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Nasiriavanaki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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31
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Stone PR, Burgess W, McIntyre J, Gunn AJ, Lear CA, Bennet L, Mitchell EA, Thompson JMD. An investigation of fetal behavioural states during maternal sleep in healthy late gestation pregnancy: an observational study. J Physiol 2017; 595:7441-7450. [PMID: 29023736 DOI: 10.1113/jp275084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fetal behavioural state in healthy late gestation pregnancy is significantly affected by maternal position overnight. Maternal left lateral position is the one most frequently adopted at sleep onset. The maternal position at sleep onset is maintained the longest overnight. Fetal state 1F is more common in maternal supine positions overnight. Fetal state 4F is less common in maternal supine sleep positions. Fetal state and maternal sleep position are independently associated with fetal heart rate variability. Maternal sleep position significantly affects fetal heart rate and heart rate variability and affects circadian fetal heart rate patterns. ABSTRACT Fetal behavioural states (FBS) are measures of fetal wellbeing. Maternal position affects FBS with supine position being associated with an increased likelihood of fetal quiescence consistent with the human fetus adapting to a lower oxygen consuming state. Several studies have now confirmed the association between sleep position and risk of late intrauterine death. We designed this study to observe the effects of maternal sleep positions overnight in healthy late gestation pregnancy. Twenty-nine healthy women had continuous fetal ECG recordings overnight. Two blinded observers assigned fetal states in 5 min blocks. Measures of fetal heart rate variability (FHRV) were calculated from ECG beat to beat data. Maternal position was determined from infrared video recording. Compared to state 2F (active sleep), 4F (active awake-high activity) occurred almost exclusively when the mother was in a left or right lateral position. State 1F (quiet sleep) was more common when the mother was supine [odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.52] and less common on the maternal right side with the left being the referent position (OR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.70-0.93). State 4F was more common between 21.00 and 01.00 h than between 01.00 and 07.00 h (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.32-3.47). In each fetal state, maternal position had significant effects on fetal heart rate and measures of FHRV. In healthy late gestation pregnancy, maternal sleep position affects FBS and heart rate variability. These effects are probably fetal adaptations to positions which may produce a mild hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Burgess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jordan McIntyre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher A Lear
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- The Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Bellieni CV, Vannuccini S, Petraglia F. Is fetal analgesia necessary during prenatal surgery? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:1241-1245. [PMID: 28337942 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1311860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal pain and fetal anesthesia are still matter of debate: some authors hypothesize that several intrauterine endocrine neuroinhibitors (ENIn) anesthetize the fetus, keeping it in a constant state of sleep, and making pharmacological fetal anesthesia useless for fetal surgery, while others argue fetal pain is possible and shoud be prevented with fetal anesthesy. AIM To retrieve evidences about fetal pain, fetal arousability and about the level of sedation induced by the ENIn, in order to assess the necessity of direct fetal anesthesia during prenatal fetal surgery. METHODS We performed a careful literature review (1990-2016) on fetal arousability, and on the possibility that ENIn at the average fetal blood levels induce actual anesthesia. We retrieved the papers that fulfilled the research criteria, with particular attention to the second half of pregnancy, the period when most fetal surgery is performed. RESULTS Fetuses are awake about 10% of the total time in the last gestational weeks, and they can be aroused by external stimuli. ENIn have not an anesthetic effect at normal fetal values, but only when they areartificialy injected at high doses; their blood levels in the last trimester of average pregnancies are not dissimilar either in the fetus or in the mother. CONCLUSIONS During the second half of the pregnancy, external stimuli can awake the fetuses, although they spend most of the time in sleeping state; the presence of ENIn is absolutely not enough to guarantee an effective anesthesia during surgery. Thus, direct fetal analgesia/anesthesia is mandatory, though further studies on its possible drawbacks are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo V Bellieni
- a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit , University Hospital of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- b Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- b Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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33
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Maier SU, Hare TA. Higher Heart-Rate Variability Is Associated with Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Activity and Increased Resistance to Temptation in Dietary Self-Control Challenges. J Neurosci 2017; 37:446-455. [PMID: 28077722 PMCID: PMC6596577 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2815-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher levels of self-control in decision making have been linked to better psychosocial and physical health. A similar link to health outcomes has been reported for heart-rate variability (HRV), a marker of physiological flexibility. Here, we sought to link these two, largely separate, research domains by testing the hypothesis that greater HRV would be associated with better dietary self-control in humans. Specifically, we examined whether total HRV at sedentary rest (measured as the SD of normal-to-normal intervals) can serve as a biomarker for the neurophysiological adaptability that putatively underlies self-controlled behavior. We found that HRV explained a significant portion of the individual variability in dietary self-control, with individuals having higher HRV being better able to downregulate their cravings in the face of taste temptations. Furthermore, HRV was associated with activity patterns in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a key node in the brain's valuation and decision circuitry. Specifically, individuals with higher HRV showed both higher overall vmPFC blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity and attenuated taste representations when presented with a dietary self-control challenge. Last, the behavioral and neural associations with HRV were consistent across both our stress induction and control experimental conditions. The stability of this association across experimental conditions suggests that HRV may serve as both a readily obtainable and robust biomarker for self-control ability across environmental contexts. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Self-control is associated with better health, but behavioral and psychometric self-control measures allow only indirect associations with health outcomes and may be distorted by reporting bias. We tested whether resting heart-rate variability (HRV), a physiological indicator of psychological and physical health, can predict individual differences in dietary self-control in humans. We found that higher HRV was associated with better self-control and improved predictions of choice behavior. Specifically, higher HRV was associated with more effective downregulation of taste temptations, and with a diminished neural representation of taste temptations during self-control challenges. Our results suggest that HRV may serve as an easily acquired, noninvasive, and low-cost biomarker for self-control ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia U Maier
- Department of Economics, Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Todd A Hare
- Department of Economics, Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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34
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Fehlert E, Willmann K, Fritsche L, Linder K, Mat-Husin H, Schleger F, Weiss M, Kiefer-Schmidt I, Brucker S, Häring HU, Preissl H, Fritsche A. Gestational diabetes alters the fetal heart rate variability during an oral glucose tolerance test: a fetal magnetocardiography study. BJOG 2016; 124:1891-1898. [PMID: 28029217 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) potentially harms the child before birth. We previously found GDM to be associated with developmental changes in the central nervous system. We now hypothesise that GDM may also impact on the fetal autonomic nervous system under metabolic stress like an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). DESIGN We measured heart rate variability (HRV) of mothers and fetuses during a three-point OGTT using fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG). SETTING Measurements were performed in the fMEG Centre in Tübingen. POPULATION After exclusion of 23 participants, 13 pregnant women with GDM and 36 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were examined. METHODS All women underwent the same examination setting with OGTT during which fMCG was recorded three times. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Parameters of heart rate variability were measured. RESULTS Compared with mothers with normal glucose regulation, mothers with GDM showed increased heart rate but no significant differences of maternal HRV. In contrast, HRV in fetuses of mothers with GDM differed from those in the metabolically healthy group regarding standard deviation normal to normal beat (SDNN) (P = 0.012), low-frequency band (P = 0.008) and high-frequency band (P = 0.031). These HRV parameters exhibit a decrease only in GDM fetuses during the second hour of the OGTT. CONCLUSIONS These results show an altered response of the fetal autonomic nervous system to metabolic stress in GDM-complicated pregnancies. Hence, disturbances in maternal glucose metabolism might not only impact on the central nervous system of the fetus but may also affect the fetal autonomic nervous system. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Metabolic stress reveals a different response of fetal autonomic nervous system in GDM-complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fehlert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Willmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Linder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Mat-Husin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schleger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Weiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - I Kiefer-Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Brucker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H-U Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Preissl
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Centre for Pharmacogenomics and Pharma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Centre, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
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Stone PR, Burgess W, McIntyre JPR, Gunn AJ, Lear CA, Bennet L, Mitchell EA, Thompson JMD. Effect of maternal position on fetal behavioural state and heart rate variability in healthy late gestation pregnancy. J Physiol 2016; 595:1213-1221. [PMID: 27871127 DOI: 10.1113/jp273201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fetal behavioural state in healthy late gestation pregnancy is affected by maternal position. Fetal state 1F is more likely to occur in maternal supine or right lateral positions. Fetal state 4F is less likely to occur when the woman lies supine or semi-recumbent. Fetal state change is more likely when the woman is supine or semi-recumbent. Fetal heart rate variability is affected by maternal position with variability reduced in supine and semi-recumbent positions. ABSTRACT Fetal behavioural states (FBS) are measures of fetal wellbeing. In acute hypoxaemia, the human fetus adapts to a lower oxygen consuming state with changes in the cardiotocograph and reduced fetal activity. Recent studies of late gestation stillbirth described the importance of sleep position in the risk of intrauterine death. We designed this study to assess the effects of different maternal positions on FBS in healthy late gestation pregnancies under controlled conditions. Twenty-nine healthy women had continuous fetal ECG recordings under standardized conditions in four randomly allocated positions, left lateral, right lateral, supine and semi-recumbent. Two blinded observers, assigned fetal states in 5 min blocks. Measures of fetal heart rate variability were calculated from ECG beat to beat data. Compared to state 2F, state 4F was less likely to occur when women were semi-recumbent [odds ratio (OR) = 0.11, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.02, 0.55], and supine (OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.07, 1.10). State 1F was more likely on the right (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.11, 5.04) or supine (OR = 4.99, 95% CI 2.41, 10.43) compared to the left. State change was more likely when the mother was semi-recumbent (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.19, 3.95) or supine (OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.46, 4.85). There was a significant association of maternal position to mean fetal heart rate. The measures of heart rate variability (SDNN and RMSSD) were reduced in both semi-recumbent and supine positions. In healthy late gestation pregnancy, maternal position affects FBS and heart rate variability. These effects are likely fetal adaptations to positions which may produce a mild hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wendy Burgess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jordan P R McIntyre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair J Gunn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher A Lear
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laura Bennet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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36
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van den Heuvel MI, Thomason ME. Functional Connectivity of the Human Brain in Utero. Trends Cogn Sci 2016; 20:931-939. [PMID: 27825537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The brain is subject to dramatic developmental processes during the prenatal period. Nevertheless, information about the development of functional brain networks during gestation is scarce. Until recently it has not been possible to probe function in the living human fetal brain. Advances in functional MRI have changed the paradigm, making it possible to measure spontaneous activity in the fetal brain and to cross-correlate functional signals to attain information about neural connectional architecture across human gestation. We summarize the earliest MRI studies of fetal neural functional connectivity and highlight unique challenges and limitations inherent in the technique. In addition, we discuss future directions to unlock the potential of fetal brain functional MRI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion I van den Heuvel
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)/National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)/National Institutes of Health (NIH)/Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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37
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Goldstein RD, Kinney HC, Willinger M. Sudden Unexpected Death in Fetal Life Through Early Childhood. Pediatrics 2016; 137:e20154661. [PMID: 27230764 PMCID: PMC4894250 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2015, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development held a workshop entitled "Sudden Unexpected Death in Fetal Life Through Early Childhood: New Opportunities." Its objective was to advance efforts to understand and ultimately prevent sudden deaths in early life, by considering their pathogenesis as a potential continuum with some commonalities in biological origins or pathways. A second objective of this meeting was to highlight current issues surrounding the classification of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and the implications of variations in the use of the term "SIDS" in forensic practice, and pediatric care and research. The proceedings reflected the most current knowledge and understanding of the origins and biology of vulnerability to sudden unexpected death, and its environmental triggers. Participants were encouraged to consider the application of new technologies and "omics" approaches to accelerate research. The major advances in delineating the intrinsic vulnerabilities to sudden death in early life have come from epidemiologic, neural, cardiac, metabolic, genetic, and physiologic research, with some commonalities among cases of unexplained stillbirth, SIDS, and sudden unexplained death in childhood observed. It was emphasized that investigations of sudden unexpected death are inconsistent, varying by jurisdiction, as are the education, certification practices, and experience of death certifiers. In addition, there is no practical consensus on the use of "SIDS" as a determination in cause of death. Major clinical, forensic, and scientific areas are identified for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Goldstein
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marian Willinger
- Pregnancy and Perinatology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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38
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Li G, Zhang S, Yang L, Li S, Wang Y, Hao D, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang L, Xu M. Influence of gestational age and time of day in baseline and heart rate variation of fetuses. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S471-6. [PMID: 27163306 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal electrocardiography (FECG) places electrodes on the maternal abdomen to convert the fetal electrocardiosignals into fetal heart rate (FHR), improving the accuracy and comfort of pregnant woman. At the same time, FECG simplifies the procedure of long term monitoring in the perinatal period. OBJECTIVE Investigating the influence of gestational age and time of day on FHR features to distinguish between non-stress test (NST) normal fetuses and NST suspicious fetuses. METHODS A novel method of FHR baseline estimation was presented; then baseline value and fetal heart rate variation (FHRV) were analyzed in the time domain using FHR signals recorded from 52 fetuses. RESULTS Baseline values in 1:00, 2:00, 4:00, 5:00 and heart rate variation (HRV) distribution showed a significant difference (p< 0.05) between NST normal fetuses and NST suspicious fetuses. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that NST normal and suspicious fetuses had same outcome and different FHR features. Accurately distinguishing normal fetuses and suspicious fetuses is important for lowering the false positive rate and reducing unnecessary clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Hao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Yes Medical Devices Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Xu
- Beijing Aerospace ChangFeng Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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39
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Berchicci M, Comani S. Editorial: Bridging the gap before and after birth: methods and technologies to explore the functional neural development in humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:571. [PMID: 26528170 PMCID: PMC4604242 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marika Berchicci
- BIND - Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy ; Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Comani
- BIND - Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy ; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara Chieti, Italy ; Casa di Cura Privata Villa Serena Città Sant'Angelo, Italy
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