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Lau MYH, Gadiwalla S, Jones S, Galliano E. Different electrophysiological profiles of genetically labelled dopaminergic neurons in the mouse midbrain and olfactory bulb. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1480-1499. [PMID: 38169095 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons play pivotal roles in diverse brain functions, spanning movement, reward processing and sensory perception. DA neurons are most abundant in the midbrain (Substantia Nigra pars compacta [SNC] and Ventral Tegmental Area [VTA]) and the olfactory bulb (OB) in the forebrain. Interestingly, a subtype of OB DA neurons is capable of regenerating throughout life, while a second class is exclusively born during embryonic development. Compelling evidence in SNC and VTA also indicates substantial heterogeneity in terms of morphology, connectivity and function. To further investigate this heterogeneity and directly compare form and function of midbrain and forebrain bulbar DA neurons, we performed immunohistochemistry and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in ex vivo brain slices from juvenile DAT-tdTomato mice. After confirming the penetrance and specificity of the dopamine transporter (DAT) Cre line, we compared soma shape, passive membrane properties, voltage sags and action potential (AP) firing across midbrain and forebrain bulbar DA subtypes. We found that each DA subgroup within midbrain and OB was highly heterogeneous, and that DA neurons across the two brain areas are also substantially different. These findings complement previous work in rats as well as gene expression and in vivo datasets, further questioning the existence of a single "dopaminergic" neuronal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggy Yu Hei Lau
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Sana Gadiwalla
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Jones
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Galliano
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
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2
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Characterization by Gene Expression Analysis of Two Groups of Dopaminergic Cells Isolated from the Mouse Olfactory Bulb. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030367. [PMID: 36979058 PMCID: PMC10045757 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is one of two regions of the mammalian brain which undergo continuous neuronal replacement during adulthood. A significant fraction of the cells added in adulthood to the bulbar circuitry is constituted by dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We took advantage of a peculiar property of dopaminergic neurons in transgenic mice expressing eGFP under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter: while DA neurons located in the glomerular layer (GL) display full electrophysiological maturation, eGFP+ cells in the mitral layer (ML) show characteristics of immature cells. In addition, they also display a lower fluorescence intensity, possibly reflecting different degrees of maturation. To investigate whether this difference in maturation might be confirmed at the gene expression level, we used a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique on enzymatically dissociated cells of the OB. The cells were divided into two groups based on their level of fluorescence, possibly corresponding to immature ML cells and fully mature DA neurons from the GL. Semiquantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the level of expression of genes linked to the degree of maturation of DA neurons. We showed that indeed the cells expressing low eGFP fluorescence are immature neurons. Our method can be further used to explore the differences between these two groups of DA neurons.
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3
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Ye X, Li M, Bian W, Wu A, Zhang T, Li J, Zhou P, Cui H, Ding YQ, Liao M, Sun C. RBP-J deficiency promoted the proliferation and differentiation of CD133-positive cells in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:3839-3860. [PMID: 35661443 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although Notch signaling pathway could control the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), it is largely unknown about the effect of Notch signaling pathway on the neurogenesis of CD133-positive cells. By using the primary cultured ependymal cells and the transgenic mouse, we found that CD133 immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in the ependymal layer of ventricles, moreover, most CD133-positive cells were co-labeled with Nestin. In addition, recombination signal binding protein J (RBP-J), a key nuclear effector of Notch signaling pathway, was highly active in CD133-positive cells. CD133-positive cells can differentiate into the immature and mature neurons, in particular, the number of CD133-positive cells differentiating into the immature and mature neurons was significantly increased following the deficiency or interference of RBP-J in vivo or in vitro. By using real-time qPCR and western blot, we found that RBP-J and Hes1 were down-regulated while Notch1 was up-regulated in the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins following the deficiency or interference of RBP-J. These results demonstrated RBP-J deficiency promoted the proliferation and differentiation of CD133-positive cells. Therefore, we speculated that RBP-J could maintain CD133-positive cells in the characteristics of NSCs possibly by regulating Notch1/RBP-J/Hes1 pathway. It will provide a novel molecular insight into the function of RBP-J, as well as facilitate a future investigation of CD133-positive cells with respect to their potential application in neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anting Wu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huairui Cui
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenyou Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Capsoni S, Fogli Iseppe A, Casciano F, Pignatelli A. Unraveling the Role of Dopaminergic and Calretinin Interneurons in the Olfactory Bulb. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:718221. [PMID: 34690707 PMCID: PMC8531203 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.718221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The perception and discriminating of odors are sensory activities that are an integral part of our daily life. The first brain region where odors are processed is the olfactory bulb (OB). Among the different cell populations that make up this brain area, interneurons play an essential role in this sensory activity. Moreover, probably because of their activity, they represent an exception compared to other parts of the brain, since OB interneurons are continuously generated in the postnatal and adult period. In this review, we will focus on periglomerular (PG) cells which are a class of interneurons found in the glomerular layer of the OB. These interneurons can be classified into distinct subtypes based on their neurochemical nature, based on the neurotransmitter and calcium-binding proteins expressed by these cells. Dopaminergic (DA) periglomerular cells and calretinin (CR) cells are among the newly generated interneurons and play an important role in the physiology of OB. In the OB, DA cells are involved in the processing of odors and the adaptation of the bulbar network to external conditions. The main role of DA cells in OB appears to be the inhibition of glutamate release from olfactory sensory fibers. Calretinin cells are probably the best morphologically characterized interneurons among PG cells in OB, but little is known about their function except for their inhibitory effect on noisy random excitatory signals arriving at the main neurons. In this review, we will mainly describe the electrophysiological properties related to the excitability profiles of DA and CR cells, with a particular view on the differences that characterize DA mature interneurons from cells in different stages of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Capsoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alex Fogli Iseppe
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angela Pignatelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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5
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Rodrigues RS, Paulo SL, Moreira JB, Tanqueiro SR, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Adult Neural Stem Cells as Promising Targets in Psychiatric Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:1099-1117. [PMID: 32723008 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance, given the enormous toll these disorders pose to society nowadays. This should be based on the identification of neural substrates and mechanisms that underlie disease etiopathophysiology. Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have been emerging as a promising platform to counteract brain damage. In this perspective article, we put forth a detailed view of how NSCs operate in the adult brain and influence brain homeostasis, having profound implications at both behavioral and functional levels. We appraise evidence suggesting that adult NSCs play important roles in regulating several forms of brain plasticity, particularly emotional and cognitive flexibility, and that NSC dynamics are altered upon brain pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of utilizing adult endogenous NSCs as vessels for regeneration, highlighting their importance as targets for the treatment of multiple mental illnesses, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and addiction. Finally, we speculate on strategies to surpass current challenges in neuropsychiatric disease modeling and brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Sivandzade F, Cucullo L. Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2153. [PMID: 33671500 PMCID: PMC7926761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases resulting from the progressive loss of structure and/or function of neurons contribute to different paralysis degrees and loss of cognition and sensation. The lack of successful curative therapies for neurodegenerative disorders leads to a considerable burden on society and a high economic impact. Over the past 20 years, regenerative cell therapy, also known as stem cell therapy, has provided an excellent opportunity to investigate potentially powerful innovative strategies for treating neurodegenerative diseases. This is due to stem cells' capability to repair injured neuronal tissue by replacing the damaged or lost cells with differentiated cells, providing a conducive environment that is in favor of regeneration, or protecting the existing healthy neurons and glial cells from further damage. Thus, in this review, the various types of stem cells, the current knowledge of stem-cell-based therapies in neurodegenerative diseases, and the recent advances in this field are summarized. Indeed, a better understanding and further studies of stem cell technologies cause progress into realistic and efficacious treatments of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA;
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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7
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Goldberg DC, Fones L, Vivinetto AL, Caufield JT, Ratan RR, Cave JW. Manipulating Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells with G-Quadruplex Ligands. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1504-1518. [PMID: 32315155 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes are pervasive nucleic acid secondary structures in mammalian genomes and transcriptomes that regulate gene expression and genome duplication. Small molecule ligands that modify the stability of G-quadruplexes are widely studied in cancer, but whether G-quadruplex ligands can also be used to manipulate cell function under normal development and homeostatic conditions is largely unexplored. Here we show that two related G-quadruplex ligands (pyridostatin and carboxypyridostatin) can reduce proliferation of adult neural stem cell and progenitor cells derived from the adult mouse subventricular zone both in vitro and in vivo. Studies with neurosphere cultures show that pyridostatin reduces proliferation by a mechanism associated with DNA damage and cell death. By contrast, selectively targeting RNA G-quadruplex stability with carboxypyridostatin diminishes proliferation through a mechanism that promotes cell cycle exit and the production of oligodendrocyte progenitors. The ability to generate oligodendrocyte progenitors by targeting RNA G-quadruplex stability, however, is dependent on the cellular environment. Together, these findings show that ligands that can selectively stabilize RNA G-quadruplexes are an important, new class of molecular tool for neural stem and progenitor cell engineering, whereas ligands that target DNA G-quadruplexes have limited utility due to their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Goldberg
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Lilah Fones
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Ana L. Vivinetto
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Joseph T. Caufield
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
| | - Rajiv R. Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - John W. Cave
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605, United States
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, United States
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8
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Modulating Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Tissue Damage Magnitude, and Motor Deficit in Spinal Cord Injury with Subventricular Zone-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:458-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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TAM Receptor Pathways at the Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:2387614. [PMID: 31636733 PMCID: PMC6766163 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2387614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration are strongly linked with neuroinflammatory responses. Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM receptors) constitute a subgroup of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, cell surface receptors which transmit signals from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm and nucleus. TAM receptors and the corresponding ligands, Growth Arrest Specific 6 and Protein S, are expressed in different tissues, including the nervous system, playing complex roles in tissue repair, inflammation and cell survival, proliferation, and migration. In the nervous system, TAM receptor signalling modulates neurogenesis and neuronal migration, synaptic plasticity, microglial activation, phagocytosis, myelination, and peripheral nerve repair, resulting in potential interest in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. In Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, a role of TAM receptors in neuronal survival and pathological protein aggregate clearance has been suggested, while in Multiple Sclerosis TAM receptors are involved in myelination and demyelination processes. To better clarify roles and pathways involving TAM receptors may have important therapeutic implications, given the fine modulation of multiple molecular processes which could be reached. In this review, we summarise the roles of TAM receptors in the central nervous system, focusing on the regulation of immune responses and microglial activities and analysing in vitro and in vivo studies regarding TAM signalling involvement in neurodegeneration.
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10
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Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: A focus on aging. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 126:85-104. [PMID: 30219376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders continue to pose a significant societal and economic burden. Aging is a complex phenomenon that affects many aspects of the human body. Specifically, aging can have detrimental effects on the progression of brain diseases and endogenous stem cells. Stem cell therapies possess promising potential to mitigate the neurological symptoms of such diseases. However, aging presents a major obstacle for maximum efficacy of these treatments. In this review, we discuss current preclinical and clinical literature to highlight the interactions between aging, stem cell therapy, and the progression of major neurological disease states such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy. We raise important questions to guide future research and advance novel treatment options.
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Sonntag KC, Song B, Lee N, Jung JH, Cha Y, Leblanc P, Neff C, Kong SW, Carter BS, Schweitzer J, Kim KS. Pluripotent stem cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease: Current status and future prospects. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 168:1-20. [PMID: 29653250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which affects about 0.3% of the general population. As the population in the developed world ages, this creates an escalating burden on society both in economic terms and in quality of life for these patients and for the families that support them. Although currently available pharmacological or surgical treatments may significantly improve the quality of life of many patients with PD, these are symptomatic treatments that do not slow or stop the progressive course of the disease. Because motor impairments in PD largely result from loss of midbrain dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, PD has long been considered to be one of the most promising target diseases for cell-based therapy. Indeed, numerous clinical and preclinical studies using fetal cell transplantation have provided proof of concept that cell replacement therapy may be a viable therapeutic approach for PD. However, the use of human fetal cells as a standardized therapeutic regimen has been fraught with fundamental ethical, practical, and clinical issues, prompting scientists to explore alternative cell sources. Based on groundbreaking establishments of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, these human pluripotent stem cells have been the subject of extensive research, leading to tremendous advancement in our understanding of these novel classes of stem cells and promising great potential for regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the prospects and challenges of human pluripotent stem cell-based cell therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-C Sonntag
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Laboratory for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States; Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Nayeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Jin Hyuk Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Young Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Pierre Leblanc
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States
| | - Carolyn Neff
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Irvine, CA, 92618, United States
| | - Sek Won Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schweitzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, United States.
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Program in Neuroscience and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, United States.
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12
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Han HW, Hsu SH. Chitosan derived co-spheroids of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells for neural regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:527-538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Pachenari N, Kiani S, Javan M. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 increased subventricular zone stem cells proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:1074-1082. [PMID: 28738501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Wnt signaling modifiers on cell proliferation, seem to be cell specific. Enhancing the proliferation of subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors has been in the focus of research in recent years. Here we investigate the effect of CHIR99021, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSk-3) inhibitor, on SVZ progenitor's proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Neural stem cells were extracted from the adult C57bl/6 by mincing and trypsin treatment followed by culturing in specific medium. Sphere cells formed within about 7-10days and were characterized by immunostaining. Number of spheres and their size was assessed following exposure to different concentration of CHIR99021 or vehicle. For in vivo studies, animals received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of CHIR99021 or vehicle for four days. A subgroup of animals, after 4days treatment with CHIR99021 received intranasal kainic acid to induce local neurodegeneration in CA3 area of hippocampus. Inhibition of GSk-3 by CHIR99021 increased neural progenitor proliferation and the effect of CHIR99021 was long lasting so that the treated cells showed higher proliferation even after CHIR99021 removal. In vivo administration of CHIR99021 increased the number of neural progenitors at the rims of lateral ventricles especially when the treatment was followed by kainic acid administration which induces neural insult. Results showed that direct administration of CHIR99021 into the culture medium or animal brain increased the number of SVZ progenitors, especially when a neural insult was induced in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Pachenari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Newborn dopaminergic neurons are associated with the migration and differentiation of SVZ-derived neural progenitors in a 6-hydroxydopamin-injected mouse model. Neuroscience 2017; 352:64-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Wang Y, Ji X, Leak RK, Chen F, Cao G. Stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 34:39-50. [PMID: 27876573 PMCID: PMC5250574 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging, a complex process associated with various structural, functional and metabolic changes in the brain, is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. These diseases share similar neuropathological changes, such as the formation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress, loss of neurons and synapses, dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU), reduction of self-repair capacity, and motor and/or cognitive deficiencies. In addition to gray matter dysfunction, the plasticity and repair capacity of white matter also decrease with aging and contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Aging not only renders patients more susceptible to these disorders, but also attenuates their self-repair capabilities. In addition, low drug responsiveness and intolerable side effects are major challenges in the prevention and treatment of senile diseases. Thus, stem cell therapies-characterized by cellular plasticity and the ability to self-renew-may be a promising strategy for aging-related brain disorders. Here, we review the common pathophysiological changes, treatments, and the promises and limitations of stem cell therapies in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Departments of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Guodong Cao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, United States.
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16
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Pignatelli A, Belluzzi O. Dopaminergic Neurones in the Main Olfactory Bulb: An Overview from an Electrophysiological Perspective. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:7. [PMID: 28261065 PMCID: PMC5306133 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB), the first center processing olfactory information, is characterized by a vigorous life-long activity-dependent plasticity responsible for a variety of odor-evoked behavioral responses. It hosts the more numerous group of dopaminergic (DA) neurones in the central nervous system, cells strategically positioned at the entry of the bulbar circuitry, directly in contact with the olfactory nerve terminals, which play a key role in odor processing and in the adaptation of the bulbar network to external conditions. Here, we focus mainly on the electrophysiological properties of DA interneurones, reviewing findings concerning their excitability profiles in adulthood and in different phases of adult neurogenesis. We also discuss dynamic changes of the DA interneurones related to environmental stimuli and their possible functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pignatelli
- Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ottorino Belluzzi
- Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara Ferrara, Italy
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17
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The vasculature as a neural stem cell niche. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 107:4-14. [PMID: 28132930 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitors that generate progeny that differentiate into neurons and glia. NSCs in the adult mammalian brain are generally quiescent. Environmental stimuli such as learning or exercise can activate quiescent NSCs, inducing them to proliferate and produce new neurons and glia. How are these behaviours coordinated? The neurovasculature, the circulatory system of the brain, is a key component of the NSC microenvironment, or 'niche'. Instructive signals from the neurovasculature direct NSC quiescence, proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation. During ageing, a breakdown in the niche accompanies NSC dysfunction and cognitive decline. There is much interest in reversing these changes and enhancing NSC activity by targeting the neurovasculature therapeutically. Here we discuss principles of neurovasculature-NSC crosstalk, and the implications for the design of NSC-based therapies. We also consider the emerging contributions to this field of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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18
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Ding Y, Zhang Z, Ma J, Xia H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ma Q, Sun T, Liu J. Directed differentiation of postnatal hippocampal neural stem cells generates nuclear receptor related‑1 protein‑ and tyrosine hydroxylase‑expressing cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1993-9. [PMID: 27432537 PMCID: PMC4991738 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder. Although the detailed underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated, the major pathological feature of PD is the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra. The use of donor stem cells to replace DA neurons may be a key breakthrough in the treatment of PD. In the present study, the growth kinetics of hippocampal neural stem cells (Hip-NSCs) isolated from postnatal mice and cultured in vitro were observed, specifically the generation of cells expressing DA neuronal markers nuclear receptor related-1 protein (Nurr1) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). It was revealed that Hip-NSCs differentiated primarily into astrocytes when cultured in serum-containing medium. However, in low serum conditions, the number of βIII tubulin-positive neurons increased markedly. The proportion of Nurr1-positive cells and TH-positive neurons, significantly increased with increasing duration of directed differentiation of Hip-NSCs (P=0.0187 and 0.0254, respectively). The results of the present study reveal that Hip-NSCs may be induced to differentiate in vitro into neurons expressing Nurr1 and TH, known to be critical regulators of DA neuronal fate. Additionally, their expression may be necessary to facilitate neuronal maturation in vitro. These data suggest that Hip-NSCs may serve as a source of DA neurons for cell therapy in patients diagnosed with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiu Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jiangbo Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hechun Xia
- Department of Cerebral Surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yinming Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Quanrui Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical College of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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19
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Karimi M, Bahrami S, Mirshekari H, Basri SMM, Nik AB, Aref AR, Akbari M, Hamblin MR. Microfluidic systems for stem cell-based neural tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2551-71. [PMID: 27296463 PMCID: PMC4935609 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00489j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering aims at developing novel approaches for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system, by providing a permissive environment for the growth and differentiation of neural cells. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems provide a closer biomimetic environment, and promote better cell differentiation and improved cell function, than could be achieved by conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture systems. With the recent advances in the discovery and introduction of different types of stem cells for tissue engineering, microfluidic platforms have provided an improved microenvironment for the 3D-culture of stem cells. Microfluidic systems can provide more precise control over the spatiotemporal distribution of chemical and physical cues at the cellular level compared to traditional systems. Various microsystems have been designed and fabricated for the purpose of neural tissue engineering. Enhanced neural migration and differentiation, and monitoring of these processes, as well as understanding the behavior of stem cells and their microenvironment have been obtained through application of different microfluidic-based stem cell culture and tissue engineering techniques. As the technology advances it may be possible to construct a "brain-on-a-chip". In this review, we describe the basics of stem cells and tissue engineering as well as microfluidics-based tissue engineering approaches. We review recent testing of various microfluidic approaches for stem cell-based neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Bahrami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirshekari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Bioenvironmental Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. and Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir R Aref
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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20
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Solís-Chagoyán H, Flores-Soto E, Reyes-García J, Valdés-Tovar M, Calixto E, Montaño LM, Benítez-King G. Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels as Functional Markers of Mature Neurons in Human Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells: Implications for the Study of Neurodevelopment in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060941. [PMID: 27314332 PMCID: PMC4926474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In adulthood, differentiation of precursor cells into neurons continues in several brain structures as well as in the olfactory neuroepithelium. Isolated precursors allow the study of the neurodevelopmental process in vitro. The aim of this work was to determine whether the expression of functional Voltage-Activated Ca2+ Channels (VACC) is dependent on the neurodevelopmental stage in neuronal cells obtained from the human olfactory epithelium of a single healthy donor. The presence of channel-forming proteins in Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSN) was demonstrated by immunofluorescent labeling, and VACC functioning was assessed by microfluorometry and the patch-clamp technique. VACC were immunodetected only in OSN. Mature neurons responded to forskolin with a five-fold increase in Ca2+. By contrast, in precursor cells, a subtle response was observed. The involvement of VACC in the precursors’ response was discarded for the absence of transmembrane inward Ca2+ movement evoked by step depolarizations. Data suggest differential expression of VACC in neuronal cells depending on their developmental stage and also that the expression of these channels is acquired by OSN during maturation, to enable specialized functions such as ion movement triggered by membrane depolarization. The results support that VACC in OSN could be considered as a functional marker to study neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo-Huipulco, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo-Huipulco, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Calixto
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo-Huipulco, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo-Huipulco, Mexico City 14370, Mexico.
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21
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Gu Q, Tomaskovic‐Crook E, Lozano R, Chen Y, Kapsa RM, Zhou Q, Wallace GG, Crook JM. Functional 3D Neural Mini-Tissues from Printed Gel-Based Bioink and Human Neural Stem Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1429-38. [PMID: 27028356 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Direct-write printing of stem cells within biomaterials presents an opportunity to engineer tissue for in vitro modeling and regenerative medicine. Here, a first example of constructing neural tissue by printing human neural stem cells that are differentiated in situ to functional neurons and supporting neuroglia is reported. The supporting biomaterial incorporates a novel clinically relevant polysaccharide-based bioink comprising alginate, carboxymethyl-chitosan, and agarose. The printed bioink rapidly gels by stable cross-linking to form a porous 3D scaffold encapsulating stem cells for in situ expansion and differentiation. Differentiated neurons form synaptic contacts, establish networks, are spontaneously active, show a bicuculline-induced increased calcium response, and are predominantly gamma-aminobutyric acid expressing. The 3D tissues will facilitate investigation of human neural development, function, and disease, and may be adaptable for engineering other 3D tissues from different stem cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Eva Tomaskovic‐Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Rodrigo Lozano
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
| | - Yu Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
| | - Robert M. Kapsa
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
- Department of Medicine St Vincent's Hospital The University of Melbourne Fitzroy Victoria 3065 Australia
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P. R. China
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
| | - Jeremy M. Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute AIIM Facility Innovation Campus University of Wollongong Squires Way Fairy Meadow New South Wales 2519 Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia
- Department of Surgery St Vincent's Hospital The University of Melbourne Fitzroy Victoria 3065 Australia
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22
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Grebbin BM, Hau AC, Groß A, Anders-Maurer M, Schramm J, Koss M, Wille C, Mittelbronn M, Selleri L, Schulte D. Pbx1 is required for adult subventricular zone neurogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2281-91. [PMID: 27226325 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TALE-homeodomain proteins function as components of heteromeric complexes that contain one member each of the PBC and MEIS/PREP subclasses. We recently showed that MEIS2 cooperates with the neurogenic transcription factor PAX6 in the control of adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis in rodents. Expression of the PBC protein PBX1 in the SVZ has been reported, but its functional role(s) has not been investigated. Using a genetic loss-of-function mouse model, we now show that Pbx1 is an early regulator of SVZ neurogenesis. Targeted deletion of Pbx1 by retroviral transduction of Cre recombinase into Pbx2-deficient SVZ stem and progenitor cells carrying floxed alleles of Pbx1 significantly reduced the production of neurons and increased the generation of oligodendrocytes. Loss of Pbx1 expression in neuronally committed neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream in a Pbx2 null background, by contrast, severely compromised cell survival. By chromatin immunoprecipitation from endogenous tissues or isolated cells, we further detected PBX1 binding to known regulatory regions of the neuron-specific genes Dcx and Th days or even weeks before the respective genes are expressed during the normal program of SVZ neurogenesis, suggesting that PBX1 might act as a priming factor to mark these genes for subsequent activation. Collectively, our results establish that PBX1 regulates adult neural cell fate determination in a manner beyond that of its heterodimerization partner MEIS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Moyo Grebbin
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Anja Groß
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Marie Anders-Maurer
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Jasmine Schramm
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Matthew Koss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christoph Wille
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA Program in Craniofacial Biology, Institute of Human Genetics, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, HSW 710, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), J. W. Goethe University Medical School, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heinrich-Hoffmann Str. 7, Frankfurt D-60528, Germany
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23
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Bonzano S, Bovetti S, Gendusa C, Peretto P, De Marchis S. Adult Born Olfactory Bulb Dopaminergic Interneurons: Molecular Determinants and Experience-Dependent Plasticity. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:189. [PMID: 27199651 PMCID: PMC4858532 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory bulb (OB) is a highly plastic brain region involved in the early processing of olfactory information. A remarkably feature of the OB circuits in rodents is the constitutive integration of new neurons that takes place during adulthood. Newborn cells in the adult OB are mostly inhibitory interneurons belonging to chemically, morphologically and functionally heterogeneous types. Although there is general agreement that adult neurogenesis in the OB plays a key role in sensory information processing and olfaction-related plasticity, the contribution of each interneuron subtype to such functions is far to be elucidated. Here, we focus on the dopaminergic (DA) interneurons: we highlight recent findings about their morphological features and then describe the molecular factors required for the specification/differentiation and maintenance of the DA phenotype in adult born neurons. We also discuss dynamic changes of the DA interneuron population related to age, environmental stimuli and lesions, and their possible functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of TurinOrbassano, Italy
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Peretto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of TurinOrbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of TurinOrbassano, Italy
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24
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Carradori D, Barreau K, Eyer J. The carbocyanine dye DiD labels in vitro and in vivo neural stem cells of the subventricular zone as well as myelinated structures following in vivo injection in the lateral ventricle. J Neurosci Res 2015; 94:139-48. [PMID: 26566852 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbocyanines are fluorescent lipophilic cationic dyes used since the early 1980s as neuronal tracers. Several applications of these compounds have been developed thanks to their low cell toxicity, lateral diffusion within the cellular membranes, and good photostability. 1,1'-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate (DiD) is an interesting component of this family because, in addition to the classic carbocyanine properties, it has a longer wavelength compared with its analogues. That makes DiD an excellent carbocyanine for labeling cells and tissues with significant intrinsic fluorescence. Drug encapsulation, drug delivery, and cellular transplantation are also fields using DiD-based systems where having detailed knowledge about its behavior as a single entity is important. Recently, promising studies concerned neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle in the brain (their natural niche) and their potential therapeutic use. Here, we show that DiD is able to label these stem cells in vitro and present basilar information concerning its pharmacokinetics, concentrations, and microscope protocols. Moreover, when DiD is injected in vivo in the cerebrospinal fluid present in the lateral ventricle of rat, it also labels stem cells as well as myelinated structures of the caudoputamen. This analysis provides a database to consult when planning experiments concerning DiD and neural stem cells from the subventricular zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Carradori
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie and Transgenèse, LUNAM, INSERM, UPRES-EA3143, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Bâtiment PBH-IRIS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Kristell Barreau
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie and Transgenèse, LUNAM, INSERM, UPRES-EA3143, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Bâtiment PBH-IRIS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Joël Eyer
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie and Transgenèse, LUNAM, INSERM, UPRES-EA3143, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Bâtiment PBH-IRIS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
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25
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Karumbaiah L, Enam SF, Brown AC, Saxena T, Betancur MI, Barker TH, Bellamkonda RV. Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels Create Endogenous Niches for Neural Stem Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2336-49. [PMID: 26440046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) possess great potential for neural tissue repair after traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS). However, poor survival and self-renewal of NSCs after injury severely limits its therapeutic potential. Sulfated chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans (CS-GAGs) linked to CS proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) have the ability to bind and potentiate trophic factor efficacy, and promote NSC self-renewal in vivo. In this study, we investigated the potential of CS-GAG hydrogels composed of monosulfated CS-4 (CS-A), CS-6 (CS-C), and disulfated CS-4,6 (CS-E) CS-GAGs as NSC carriers, and their ability to create endogenous niches by enriching specific trophic factors to support NSC self-renewal. We demonstrate that CS-GAG hydrogel scaffolds showed minimal swelling and degradation over a period of 15 days in vitro, absorbing only 6.5 ± 0.019% of their initial weight, and showing no significant loss of mass during this period. Trophic factors FGF-2, BDNF, and IL10 bound with high affinity to CS-GAGs, and were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in CS-GAG hydrogels when compared to unsulfated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels. Dissociated rat subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs when encapsulated in CS-GAG hydrogels demonstrated ∼88.5 ± 6.1% cell viability in vitro. Finally, rat neurospheres in CS-GAG hydrogels conditioned with the mitogen FGF-2 demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) higher self-renewal when compared to neurospheres cultured in unconditioned hydrogels. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the ability of CS-GAG based hydrogels to regulate NSC self-renewal, and facilitate growth factor enrichment locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohitash Karumbaiah
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, The University of Georgia , 425 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Ashley C Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering NC State University/UNC-Chapel Hill , 4204 B Engineering Building III, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | - Martha I Betancur
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, ADS Complex, The University of Georgia , 425 River Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Domanskyi A, Saarma M, Airavaara M. Prospects of Neurotrophic Factors for Parkinson's Disease: Comparison of Protein and Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:550-9. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies hold considerable promise for many currently devastating neurological disorders. Substantial progress has been made in the derivation of disease-relevant human donor cell populations. Behavioral data in relevant animal models of disease have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for several cell-based approaches. Consequently, cGMP grade cell products are currently being developed for first in human clinical trials in select disorders. Despite the therapeutic promise, the presumed mechanism of action of donor cell populations often remains insufficiently validated. It depends greatly on the properties of the transplanted cell type and the underlying host pathology. Several new technologies have become available to probe mechanisms of action in real time and to manipulate in vivo cell function and integration to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Results from such studies generate crucial insight into the nature of brain repair that can be achieved today and push the boundaries of what may be possible in the future.
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Daviaud N, Garbayo E, Sindji L, Martínez-Serrano A, Schiller PC, Montero-Menei CN. Survival, differentiation, and neuroprotective mechanisms of human stem cells complexed with neurotrophin-3-releasing pharmacologically active microcarriers in an ex vivo model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:670-84. [PMID: 25925835 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stem cell-based regenerative therapies hold great potential for the treatment of degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We recently reported the repair and functional recovery after treatment with human marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells adhered to neurotrophin-3 (NT3) releasing pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) in hemiparkinsonian rats. In order to comprehend this effect, the goal of the present work was to elucidate the survival, differentiation, and neuroprotective mechanisms of MIAMI cells and human neural stem cells (NSCs), both adhering to NT3-releasing PAMs in an ex vivo organotypic model of nigrostriatal degeneration made from brain sagittal slices. It was shown that PAMs led to a marked increase in MIAMI cell survival and neuronal differentiation when releasing NT3. A significant neuroprotective effect of MIAMI cells adhering to PAMs was also demonstrated. NSCs barely had a neuroprotective effect and differentiated mostly into dopaminergic neuronal cells when adhering to PAM-NT3. Moreover, those cells were able to release dopamine in a sufficient amount to induce a return to baseline levels. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stanniocalcin-1 as potential mediators of the neuroprotective effect of MIAMI cells and NSCs, respectively. It was also shown that VEGF locally stimulated tissue vascularization, which might improve graft survival, without excluding a direct neuroprotective effect of VEGF on dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate a prospective interest of human NSC/PAM and MIAMI cell/PAM complexes in tissue engineering for PD. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cell-based regenerative therapies hold great potential for the treatment of degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The present work elucidates and compares the survival, differentiation, and neuroprotective mechanisms of marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible cells and human neural stem cells both adhered to neurotrophin-3-releasing pharmacologically active microcarriers in an ex vivo organotypic model of PD made from brain sagittal slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Daviaud
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Sindji
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paul C Schiller
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia N Montero-Menei
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Lepousez G, Nissant A, Lledo PM. Adult Neurogenesis and the Future of the Rejuvenating Brain Circuits. Neuron 2015; 86:387-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Abstract
Subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis continuously provides new GABA- and dopamine (DA)-containing interneurons for the olfactory bulb (OB) in most adult mammals. DAergic interneurons are located in the glomerular layer (GL) where they participate in the processing of sensory inputs. To examine whether adult neurogenesis might contribute to regeneration after circuit injury in mice, we induce DAergic neuronal loss by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the dorsal GL or in the right substantia nigra pars compacta. We found that a 6-OHDA treatment of the OB produces olfactory deficits and local inflammation and partially decreases the number of neurons expressing the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) near the injected site. Blockade of inflammation by minocycline treatment immediately after the 6-OHDA administration rescued neither TH(+) interneuron number nor the olfactory deficits, suggesting that the olfactory impairments are most likely linked to TH(+) cell death and not to microglial activation. TH(+) interneuron number was restored 1 month later. This rescue resulted at least in part from enhanced recruitment of immature neurons targeting the lesioned GL area. Seven days after 6-OHDA lesion in the OB, we found that the integration of lentivirus-labeled adult-born neurons was biased: newly formed neurons were preferentially incorporated into glomerular circuits of the lesioned area. Behavioral rehabilitation occurs 2 months after lesion. This study establishes a new model into which loss of DAergic cells could be compensated by recruiting newly formed neurons. We propose that adult neurogenesis not only replenishes the population of DAergic bulbar neurons but that it also restores olfactory sensory processing.
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