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Nolt M, Connor J. Implications of Iron in Ferroptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis as Potential Players in TBI Morbidity and Mortality. ASN Neuro 2024; 16:2394352. [PMID: 39249102 DOI: 10.1080/17590914.2024.2394352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is a critical transition metal required to sustain a healthy central nervous system. Iron is involved in metabolic reactions, enzymatic activity, myelinogenesis, and oxygen transport. However, in several pathological conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and neurotrauma iron becomes elevated. Excessive iron can have deleterious effects leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction. Iron-derived ROS are known to drive several mechanisms such as cell death pathways including ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Excessive iron present in the post-traumatic brain could trigger these harmful pathways potentiating the high rates of morbidity and mortality. In the present review, we will discuss how iron plays an intricate role in initiating ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, examine their potential link to traumatic brain injury morbidity and mortality, and suggest therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie Nolt
- Neurosurgery Department, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Connor
- Neurosurgery Department, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Verduzco-Mendoza A, Mota-Rojas D, Olmos-Hernández A, Avila-Luna A, García-García K, Gálvez-Rosas A, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Ríos C, Parra-Cid C, Montes S, García-López J, Ramos-Languren LE, Pérez-Severiano F, González-Piña R, Bueno-Nava A. Changes in Noradrenergic Synthesis and Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Activity in Response to Oxidative Stress after Iron-induced Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04222-9. [PMID: 39105899 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) levels are altered during the first hours and several days after cortical injury. NA modulates motor functional recovery. The present study investigated whether iron-induced cortical injury modulated noradrenergic synthesis and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in response to oxidative stress in the brain cortex, pons and cerebellum of the rat. Seventy-eight rats were divided into two groups: (a) the sham group, which received an intracortical injection of a vehicle solution; and (b) the injured group, which received an intracortical injection of ferrous chloride. Motor deficits were evaluated for 20 days post-injury. On the 3rd and 20th days, the rats were euthanized to measure oxidative stress indicators (reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) and catecholamines (NA, dopamine (DA)), plus DBH mRNA and protein levels. Our results showed that iron-induced brain cortex injury increased noradrenergic synthesis and DBH activity in the brain cortex, pons and cerebellum at 3 days post-injury, predominantly on the ipsilateral side to the injury, in response to oxidative stress. A compensatory increase in contralateral noradrenergic activity was observed, but without changes in the DBH mRNA and protein levels in the cerebellum and pons. In conclusion, iron-induced cortical injury increased the noradrenergic response in the brain cortex, pons and cerebellum, particularly on the ipsilateral side, accompanied by a compensatory response on the contralateral side. The oxidative stress was countered by antioxidant activity, which favored functional recovery following motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana CBS, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Avila-Luna
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla García-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Gálvez-Rosas
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana CBS, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Parra-Cid
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, calle 16 y lago de Chapala, Aztlán, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Julieta García-López
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura E Ramos-Languren
- Facultad de Psicología, División de Estudios Profesionales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3040, Col, Copilco Universidad Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, SSa, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto González-Piña
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Clínica de Rehabilitación del Daño Cerebral CLIREDACE "Dr. Hugo Iván González Gutiérrez", Monterrey 243, Col. Roma Sur, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bueno-Nava
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Química de la Discapacidad, Coordinación de Neurociencias Básica, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389, Mexico.
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Shahidehpour RK, Nelson PT, Bachstetter AD. A pathologic study of Perivascular pTDP-43 Lin bodies in LATE-NC. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:114. [PMID: 38997773 PMCID: PMC11241908 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) pathological inclusions are a distinctive feature in dozens of neurodegenerative pathologies, including limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE-NC). Prior investigations identified vascular-associated TDP-43-positive micro-lesions, known as "Lin bodies," located on or near the brain capillaries of some individuals with LATE-NC. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of Lin bodies and glial cells in LATE-NC and the potential co-localization with ferritin, a protein associated with iron storage. Using multiplexed immunohistochemistry and digital pathology tools, we conducted pathological analyses to investigate the relationship between Lin bodies and glial markers (GFAP for astrocytes, IBA1 for microglia) and ferritin. Analyses were conducted on post-mortem brain tissues collected from individuals with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes (ADNC) and LATE-NC. RESULTS As shown previously, there was a robust association between Lin bodies and GFAP-positive astrocyte processes. Moreover, we also observed Lin bodies frequently co-localizing with ferritin, suggesting a potential link to compromised vascular integrity. Subsequent analyses demonstrated increased astrocytosis near Lin body-positive vessels compared to those without Lin bodies, particularly in ADNC cases. These results suggest that the accumulation of Lin bodies may elicit an increased glial response, particularly among astrocytes, possibly related to impaired vascular integrity. CONCLUSIONS Lin bodies are associated with a local reactive glial response. The strong association of Lin bodies with ferritin suggests that the loss of vascular integrity may be either a cause or a consequence of the pTDP-43 pathology. The reactive glia surrounding the affected vessels could further compromise vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Shahidehpour
- Spinal cord and brain injury research center, Sander-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Spinal cord and brain injury research center, Sander-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Wu M, Chen L, Wang Y, Li Y, An Y, Wu R, Zhang Y, Gao J, Su K, Feng X. The Effect of Acupuncture on Brain Iron Deposition and Body Iron Metabolism in Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56484. [PMID: 38885500 PMCID: PMC11217710 DOI: 10.2196/56484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) persistently impairs cognition and the ability to perform activities of daily living, seriously compromising patients' quality of life. Previous studies have reported that disorders of serum iron metabolism and iron deposition in the brain can lead to inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation and degeneration, and massive neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system, which in turn leads to a progressive decline in cognitive processes. Our previous clinical studies have found acupuncture to be a safe and effective intervention for treating VCI, but the specific mechanisms require further exploration. OBJECTIVE The objective of the trial is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture and to investigate whether it can improve VCI by regulating brain iron deposition and body iron metabolism. METHODS In total, 42 patients with VCI and 21 healthy individuals will participate in this clinical trial. The 42 patients with VCI will be randomized into acupuncture and control groups, while the 21 healthy individuals will be in the healthy control group. Both the control and acupuncture groups will receive conventional medical treatment and cognitive rehabilitation training. In addition, the acupuncture group will receive electroacupuncture treatment with Tongdu Xingshen for 30 minutes each time, 6 times a week for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the healthy control group will not receive any intervention. All 3 groups will undergo baseline assessments of brain iron deposition, serum iron metabolism, and neuropsychological tests after enrollment. The acupuncture and control groups will be evaluated again at the end of 4 weeks of treatment, as described earlier. By comparing neuropsychological test scores between groups, we will examine the efficacy of Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture in treating VCI. Additionally, we will test the correlations between neuropsychological test scores, brain iron deposition, and body iron metabolism indexes to explore the possible mechanisms of Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture in treating VCI. RESULTS Participants are currently being recruited. The first participant was enrolled in June 2023, which marked the official start of the experiment. As of the submission of the paper, there were 23 participants. The recruitment process is expected to continue until June 2025, at which point the processing and analysis of data will begin. As of May 15, 2024, up to 30 people have been enrolled in this clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide data on the effects of Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture on cerebral iron deposition as well as somatic iron metabolism in patients with VCI. These results will help to prove whether Tongdu Xingshen acupuncture can improve VCI by regulating brain iron deposition and body iron metabolism, which will provide the clinical and theoretical basis for the wide application of acupuncture therapy in VCI rehabilitation. TRIAL REGISTRATION China Clinical Registration Agency ChiCTR2300072188; https://tinyurl.com/5fcydtkv. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/56484.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Wu
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqi An
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Wu
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiqi Su
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- Rehabilitation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Medical College of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Nikolova S, Chong C, Li J, Wu T, Dumkrieger G, Ross K, Starling A, Schwedt TJ. Brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with acute post-traumatic headache: iron deposition and functional connectivity. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:88. [PMID: 38807070 PMCID: PMC11134688 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to interrogate brain iron accumulation in participants with acute post-traumatic headache (PTH) due to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and to determine if functional connectivity is affected in areas with iron accumulation. We aimed to examine the correlations between iron accumulation and headache frequency, post-concussion symptom severity, number of mTBIs, and time since most recent TBI. METHODS Sixty participants with acute PTH and 60 age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T magnetic resonance imaging including quantitative T2* maps and resting-state functional connectivity imaging. Between group T2* differences were determined using T-tests (p < 0.005, cluster size threshold of 90 voxels). For regions with T2* differences, two analyses were conducted. First, the correlations with clinical variables including headache frequency, number of lifetime mTBIs, time since most recent mTBI, and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) symptom severity scale scores were investigated using linear regression. Second, the functional connectivity of these regions with the rest of the brain was examined (significance of p < 0.05 with family wise error correction for multiple comparisons). RESULTS The acute PTH group consisted of 60 participants (22 male, 38 female) with average age of 42 ± 14 years. The HC group consisted of 60 age-matched controls (17 male, 43 female, average age of 42 ± 13). PTH participants had lower T2* values compared to HC in the left posterior cingulate and the bilateral cuneus. Stronger functional connectivity was observed between bilateral cuneus and right cerebellar areas in PTH compared to HC. Within the PTH group, linear regression showed negative associations of T2* in the left posterior cingulate with SCAT symptom severity score (p = 0.05) and T2* in the left cuneus with headache frequency (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Iron accumulation in posterior cingulate and cuneus was observed in those with acute PTH relative to HC; stronger functional connectivity was detected between the bilateral cuneus and the right cerebellum. The correlations of decreased T2* (suggesting higher iron content) with headache frequency and post mTBI symptom severity suggest that the iron accumulation that results from mTBI might reflect the severity of underlying mTBI pathophysiology and associate with post-mTBI symptom severity including PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nikolova
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Catherine Chong
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
- ASU-Mayo Center for Innovative Imaging, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jing Li
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Tech, Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Teresa Wu
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- ASU-Mayo Center for Innovative Imaging, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gina Dumkrieger
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | | | - Amaal Starling
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Todd J Schwedt
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Blvd Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
- ASU-Mayo Center for Innovative Imaging, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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Ritter K, Somnuke P, Hu L, Griemert EV, Schäfer MKE. Current state of neuroprotective therapy using antibiotics in human traumatic brain injury and animal models. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:10. [PMID: 38424488 PMCID: PMC10905838 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in young people and older adults worldwide. There is no gold standard treatment for TBI besides surgical interventions and symptomatic relief. Post-injury infections, such as lower respiratory tract and surgical site infections or meningitis are frequent complications following TBI. Whether the use of preventive and/or symptomatic antibiotic therapy improves patient mortality and outcome is an ongoing matter of debate. In contrast, results from animal models of TBI suggest translational perspectives and support the hypothesis that antibiotics, independent of their anti-microbial activity, alleviate secondary injury and improve neurological outcomes. These beneficial effects were largely attributed to the inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death. In this review, we briefly outline current treatment options, including antibiotic therapy, for patients with TBI. We then summarize the therapeutic effects of the most commonly tested antibiotics in TBI animal models, highlight studies identifying molecular targets of antibiotics, and discuss similarities and differences in their mechanistic modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ritter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Pawit Somnuke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Lingjiao Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, China
| | - Eva-Verena Griemert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Michael K E Schäfer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1 (Bld. 505), Mainz, 55131, Germany.
- Focus Program Translational Neurosciences (FTN, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Ghaderi S, Mohammadi S, Nezhad NJ, Karami S, Sayehmiri F. Iron quantification in basal ganglia: quantitative susceptibility mapping as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1338891. [PMID: 38469572 PMCID: PMC10925682 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1338891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by distinctive pathologies such as amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles, also involves deregulation of iron homeostasis, which may accelerate neurodegeneration. This meta-analysis evaluated the use of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to detect iron accumulation in the deep gray matter (DGM) of the basal ganglia in AD, contributing to a better understanding of AD progression, and potentially leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Methods Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases up to October 2023 for studies employing QSM in AD research. Eligibility criteria were based on the PECO framework, and we included studies assessing alterations in magnetic susceptibility indicative of iron accumulation in the DGM of patients with AD. After initial screening and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare iron levels between patients with AD and healthy controls (HCs) using a random-effects model. Results The meta-analysis included nine studies comprising 267 patients with AD and 272 HCs. There were significantly higher QSM values, indicating greater iron deposition, in the putamen (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.84; p = 0.00), globus pallidus (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.52; p = 0.03), and caudate nucleus (SMD = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.39 to 1.06; p = 0.00) of AD patients compared to HCs. However, no significant differences were found in the thalamus (SMD = 1.00; 95% CI: -0.42 to 2.43; p = 0.17). The sensitivity analysis indicated that no single study impacted the overall results. Age was identified as a major contributor to heterogeneity across all basal ganglia nuclei in subgroup analysis. Older age (>69 years) and lower male percentage (≤30%) were associated with greater putamen iron increase in patients with AD. Conclusion The study suggests that excessive iron deposition is linked to the basal ganglia in AD, especially the putamen. The study underscores the complex nature of AD pathology and the accumulation of iron, influenced by age, sex, and regional differences, necessitating further research for a comprehensive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Ghaderi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sana Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Jashire Nezhad
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Karami
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayehmiri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Liang X, Saleh MG, Xu S, Mayer D, Roys S, Raghavan P, Badjatia N, Gullapalli RP, Zhuo J. Simultaneous Measurement of GABA, Glutathione, and Glutamate-Glutamine in the Thalamus using Edited MR Spectroscopy: Feasibility and Applications in Traumatic Brain Injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38363087 PMCID: PMC11327382 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MR spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive tool for evaluating biochemical alterations, such as glutamate (Glu)/gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) imbalance and depletion of antioxidative glutathione (GSH) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thalamus, a critical and vulnerable region post-TBI, is challenging for MRS acquisitions, necessitating optimization to simultaneously measure GABA/Glu and GSH. PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and optimize acquisition and processing approaches for simultaneously measuring GABA, Glx (Glu + glutamine (Gln)), and GSH in the thalamus, employing Hadamard encoding and reconstruction of MEscher-GArwood (MEGA)-edited spectroscopy (HERMES). STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS 28 control subjects (age: 35.9 ± 15.1 years), and 17 mild TBI (mTBI) patients (age: 32.4 ± 11.3 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T/T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE), HERMES. ASSESSMENT We evaluated the impact of acquisition with spatial saturation bands and post-processing with spectral alignment on HERMES performance in the thalamus among controls. Within-subject variability was examined in five controls through repeated scans within a week. The HERMES spectra in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of controls were used as a reference for assessing HERMES performance in a reliable target. Furthermore, we compared metabolite levels and fitting quality in the thalamus between mTBI patients and controls. STATISTICAL TESTS Unpaired t-tests and within-subject coefficient-of-variation (CV). A P-value <0.05 was deemed significant. RESULTS HERMES spectra, acquired with saturation bands and processed with spectral alignment, yielded reliable metabolite measurements in the thalamus. The mean within-subject CV for GABA, Glx, and GSH levels were 18%, 10%, and 16% in the thalamus (7%, 9%, and 16% in the PCC). GABA (3.20 ± 0.60 vs 2.51 ± 0.55, P < 0.01) and Glx (8.69 ± 1.23 vs 7.72 ± 1.19, P = 0.03) levels in the thalamus were significantly higher in mTBI patients than in controls, with GSH (1.27 ± 0.35 vs 1.22 ± 0.28, P = 0.65) levels showing no significant difference. DATA CONCLUSION Simultaneous measuring GABA/Glx and GSH using HERMES is feasible in the thalamus, providing valuable insight into TBI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Su Xu
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Roys
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Prashant Raghavan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neeraj Badjatia
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rao P Gullapalli
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiachen Zhuo
- Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Kocik VI, April MD, Rizzo JA, Dengler BA, Schauer SG. A Review of Electrolyte, Mineral, and Vitamin Changes After Traumatic Brain Injury. Mil Med 2024; 189:e101-e109. [PMID: 37192042 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both civilian and military populations, the management guidelines developed by the Joint Trauma System involve minimal recommendations for electrolyte physiology optimization during the acute phase of TBI recovery. This narrative review aims to assess the current state of the science for electrolyte and mineral derangements found after TBI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Google Scholar and PubMed to identify literature on electrolyte derangements caused by TBI and supplements that may mitigate secondary injuries after TBI between 1991 and 2022. RESULTS We screened 94 sources, of which 26 met all inclusion criteria. Most were retrospective studies (n = 9), followed by clinical trials (n = 7), observational studies (n = 7), and case reports (n = 2). Of those, 29% covered the use of some type of supplement to support recovery after TBI, 28% covered electrolyte or mineral derangements after TBI, 16% covered the mechanisms of secondary injury after TBI and how they are related to mineral and electrolyte derangements, 14% covered current management of TBI, and 13% covered the potential toxic effects of the supplements during TBI recovery. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of mechanisms and subsequent derangements of electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin physiology after TBI remains incomplete. Sodium and potassium tended to be the most well-studied derangements after TBI. Overall, data involving human subjects were limited and mostly involved observational studies. The data on vitamin and mineral effects were limited, and targeted research is needed before further recommendations can be made. Data on electrolyte derangements were stronger, but interventional studies are needed to assess causation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D April
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- 40th Forward Resuscitative Surgical Detachment, Fort Carson, CO 80902, USA
| | - Julie A Rizzo
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
| | - Bradley A Dengler
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Steven G Schauer
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA
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10
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Sfera A, Andronescu L, Britt WG, Himsl K, Klein C, Rahman L, Kozlakidis Z. Receptor-Independent Therapies for Forensic Detainees with Schizophrenia-Dementia Comorbidity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15797. [PMID: 37958780 PMCID: PMC10647468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Forensic institutions throughout the world house patients with severe psychiatric illness and history of criminal violations. Improved medical care, hygiene, psychiatric treatment, and nutrition led to an unmatched longevity in this population, which previously lived, on average, 15 to 20 years shorter than the public at large. On the other hand, longevity has contributed to increased prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate clinical management, increasing healthcare expenditures. Forensic institutions, originally intended for the treatment of younger individuals, are ill-equipped for the growing number of older offenders. Moreover, as antipsychotic drugs became available in 1950s and 1960s, we are observing the first generation of forensic detainees who have aged on dopamine-blocking agents. Although the consequences of long-term treatment with these agents are unclear, schizophrenia-associated gray matter loss may contribute to the development of early dementia. Taken together, increased lifespan and the subsequent cognitive deficit observed in long-term forensic institutions raise questions and dilemmas unencountered by the previous generations of clinicians. These include: does the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction justify antipsychotic dose reduction or discontinuation despite a lifelong history of schizophrenia and violent behavior? Should neurolipidomic interventions become the standard of care in elderly individuals with lifelong schizophrenia and dementia? Can patients with schizophrenia and dementia meet the Dusky standard to stand trial? Should neurocognitive disorders in the elderly with lifelong schizophrenia be treated differently than age-related neurodegeneration? In this article, we hypothesize that gray matter loss is the core symptom of schizophrenia which leads to dementia. We hypothesize further that strategies to delay or stop gray matter depletion would not only improve the schizophrenia sustained recovery, but also avert the development of major neurocognitive disorders in people living with schizophrenia. Based on this hypothesis, we suggest utilization of both receptor-dependent and independent therapeutics for chronic psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
- School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Riverside 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Luminita Andronescu
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - William G. Britt
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Kiera Himsl
- Paton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave, Patton, CA 92369, USA; (L.A.); (K.H.)
| | - Carolina Klein
- California Department of State Hospitals, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Leah Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1585 E 13th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403, USA;
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69366 Lyon Cedex, France;
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11
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Kim CH, Kim HY, Nah SY, Choi YK. The effects of Korean Red Ginseng on heme oxygenase-1 with a focus on mitochondrial function in pathophysiologic conditions. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:615-621. [PMID: 37720574 PMCID: PMC10499582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) plays a key role in heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction under physical and moderate oxidative stress conditions. The transient and mild induction of HO-1 is beneficial for cell protection, mitochondrial function, regeneration, and intercellular communication. However, chronic HO-1 overexpression is detrimental in severely injured regions. Thus, in a chronic pathological state, diminishing HO-1-mediated ferroptosis is beneficial for a therapeutic approach. The molecular mechanisms by which KRG protects various cell types in the central nervous system have not yet been established, especially in terms of HO-1-mediated mitochondrial functions. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the multiple roles of KRG in the regulation of astrocytic HO-1 under pathophysiological conditions. More specifically, we discuss the role of the KRG-mediated astrocytic HO-1 pathway in regulating mitochondrial functions in acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases as well as physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahn Young Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Choi
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Juan SMA, Daglas M, Truong PH, Mawal C, Adlard PA. Alterations in iron content, iron-regulatory proteins and behaviour without tau pathology at one year following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:118. [PMID: 37464280 PMCID: PMC10353227 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01603-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI) has increasingly become recognised as a risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, many of which are characterised by tau pathology, metal dyshomeostasis and behavioural impairments. We aimed to characterise the status of tau and the involvement of iron dyshomeostasis in repetitive controlled cortical impact injury (5 impacts, 48 h apart) in 3-month-old C57Bl6 mice at the chronic (12-month) time point. We performed a battery of behavioural tests, characterised the status of neurodegeneration-associated proteins (tau and tau-regulatory proteins, amyloid precursor protein and iron-regulatory proteins) via western blot; and metal levels using bulk inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We report significant changes in various ipsilateral iron-regulatory proteins following five but not a single injury, and significant increases in contralateral iron, zinc and copper levels following five impacts. There was no evidence of tau pathology or changes in tau-regulatory proteins following five impacts, although some changes were observed following a single injury. Five impacts resulted in significant gait deficits, mild anhedonia and mild cognitive deficits at 9-12 months post-injury, effects not seen following a single injury. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to describe chronic changes in metals and iron-regulatory proteins in a mouse model of r-mTBI, providing a strong indication towards an overall increase in brain iron levels (and other metals) in the chronic phase following r-mTBI. These results bring to question the relevance of tau and highlight the involvement of iron dysregulation in the development and/or progression of neurodegeneration following injury, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M A Juan
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Daglas
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Phan H Truong
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Celeste Mawal
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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13
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Agas A, Ravula AR, Ma X, Cheng Y, Belfield KD, Haorah J. Hemolytic iron regulation in traumatic brain injury and alcohol use. Alcohol 2023; 109:1-12. [PMID: 36690222 PMCID: PMC10175116 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhage is a major component of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Red blood cells, accumulated at the hemorrhagic site, undergo hemolysis upon energy depletion and release free iron into the central nervous system. This iron must be managed to prevent iron neurotoxicity and ferroptosis. As prior alcohol consumption is often associated with TBI, we examined iron regulation in a rat model of chronic alcohol feeding subjected to fluid percussion-induced TBI. We found that alcohol consumption prior to TBI altered the expression profiles of the lipocalin 2/heme oxygenase 1/ferritin iron management system. Notably, unlike TBI alone, TBI following chronic alcohol consumption sustained the expression of all three regulatory proteins for 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. In addition, alcohol significantly affected TBI-induced expression of ferritin light chain at 3 days post-injury. We also found that alcohol exacerbated TBI-induced activation of microglia at 7 days post-injury. Finally, we propose that microglia may also play a role in iron management through red blood cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Agas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States.
| | - Arun Reddy Ravula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Xiaotang Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yiming Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Kevin D Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - James Haorah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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14
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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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15
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Rey F, Berardo C, Maghraby E, Mauri A, Messa L, Esposito L, Casili G, Ottolenghi S, Bonaventura E, Cuzzocrea S, Zuccotti G, Tonduti D, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Cereda C, Carelli S. Redox Imbalance in Neurological Disorders in Adults and Children. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040965. [PMID: 37107340 PMCID: PMC10135575 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a central molecule for numerous metabolic and cytophysiological processes, and, indeed, its imbalance can lead to numerous pathological consequences. In the human body, the brain is an aerobic organ and for this reason, it is very sensitive to oxygen equilibrium. The consequences of oxygen imbalance are especially devastating when occurring in this organ. Indeed, oxygen imbalance can lead to hypoxia, hyperoxia, protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, alterations in heme metabolism and neuroinflammation. Consequently, these dysfunctions can cause numerous neurological alterations, both in the pediatric life and in the adult ages. These disorders share numerous common pathways, most of which are consequent to redox imbalance. In this review, we will focus on the dysfunctions present in neurodegenerative disorders (specifically Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and pediatric neurological disorders (X-adrenoleukodystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, mucopolysaccharidoses and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease), highlighting their underlining dysfunction in redox and identifying potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Mauri
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Messa
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
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16
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Lillian A, Zuo W, Laham L, Hilfiker S, Ye JH. Pathophysiology and Neuroimmune Interactions Underlying Parkinson's Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087186. [PMID: 37108349 PMCID: PMC10138999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder clinically defined by motor instability, bradykinesia, and resting tremors. The clinical symptomatology is seen alongside pathologic changes, most notably the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the accumulation of α-synuclein and neuromelanin aggregates throughout numerous neural circuits. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been implicated as a risk factor for developing various neurodegenerative diseases, with the most compelling argument for the development of PD. Dopaminergic abnormalities, the accumulation of α-synuclein, and disruptions in neural homeostatic mechanisms, including but not limited to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are all present following TBI and are closely related to the pathologic changes seen in PD. Neuronal iron accumulation is discernable in degenerative and injured brain states, as is aquaporin-4 (APQ4). APQ4 is an essential mediator of synaptic plasticity in PD and regulates edematous states in the brain after TBI. Whether the cellular and parenchymal changes seen post-TBI directly cause neurodegenerative diseases such as PD is a point of considerable interest and debate; this review explores the vast array of neuroimmunological interactions and subsequent analogous changes that occur in TBI and PD. There is significant interest in exploring the validity of the relationship between TBI and PD, which is a focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Lillian
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Wanhong Zuo
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Linda Laham
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sabine Hilfiker
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jiang-Hong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 08901, USA
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17
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Tan X, Zhang T, Ding X, Zhao X, Liu Q, Xia Z, Cao Q, Yan F, Chen L, Zhu M, Tang Y, Song Y. Iron overload facilitates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1107-1124. [PMID: 36929608 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage and cell death are involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Ferroptosis is a newly identified mode of cell death that results from the oxidative damage induced by excessive iron. In HIBD, iron accumulates in brain tissues due to the massive destruction of red blood cells and increased permeability of the blood brain barrier vasculature, which can trigger ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is implicated in various diseases involving neuronal injury; however, the roles of iron and ferroptosis in HIBD have not been identified. In the present study, we investigated the role of iron overload in neuronal ferroptosis both in HIBD rat models and in oxygen- and glucose-deprived (OGD) SH-SY5Y cells. We observed that iron deposition in the cerebral cortex was significantly increased in HIBD rats. Features of ferroptosis such as shrunken mitochondria, increased MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, and reduced solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression were observed in the cerebral cortex of HIBD rats. Administration of an iron chelator in HIBD rats upregulated SLC7A11 expression and alleviated neuronal ferroptosis in cerebral cortex tissue. Additionally, overexpression of SLC7A11 in SH-SY5Y cells increased cell viability and attenuated OGD-induced ferroptosis. Our results demonstrate that iron overload induces neuronal ferroptosis by inhibiting SLC7A11 expression in HIBD. Inhibition of neuronal ferroptosis may be a promising strategy to alleviate brain damage in HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Tan
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianjun Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglong Xia
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Cao
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Delivery Room, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Zhu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Child Health Care, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Bai XY, Liu XL, Deng ZZ, Wei DM, Zhang D, Xi HL, Wang QY, He MZ, Yang YL. Ferroptosis is a new therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1136143. [PMID: 36998732 PMCID: PMC10047267 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1136143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a serious traumatic disease. As Ferroptosis has been increasingly studied in recent years, it has been found to be closely related to the pathophysiological processes of spinal cord injury. Iron overload, reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation and glutamate accumulation associated with Ferroptosis are all present in spinal cord injury, and thus Ferroptosis is thought to be involved in the pathological processes secondary to spinal cord injury. This article highlights the relationship between Ferroptosis and spinal cord injury, lists substances that improve spinal cord injury by inhibiting Ferroptosis, and concludes with a discussion of the problems that may be encountered in the clinical translation of Ferroptosis inhibitors as a means of enabling their faster use in clinical treatment.
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19
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Nikolova S, Chong CD, Dumkrieger GM, Li J, Wu T, Schwedt TJ. Longitudinal differences in iron deposition in periaqueductal gray matter and anterior cingulate cortex are associated with response to erenumab in migraine. Cephalalgia 2023; 43:3331024221144783. [PMID: 36756979 DOI: 10.1177/03331024221144783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine whether brain iron accumulation, measured using magnetic resonance imaging magnetic transverse relaxation rates (T2*), is associated with response to erenumab for the treatment of migraine. METHODS Participants (n = 28) with migraine, diagnosed using international classification of headache disorders 3rd edition criteria, were eligible if they had six to 25 migraine days during a four-week headache diary run-in phase. Participants received two treatments with 140 mg erenumab, one immediately following the pre-treatment run-in phase and a second treatment four weeks later. T2* data were collected immediately following the pre-treatment phase, and at two weeks and eight weeks following the first erenumab treatment. Patients were classified as erenumab responders if their migraine-day frequency at five-to-eight weeks post-initial treatment was reduced by at least 50% compared to the pre-treatment run-in phase. A longitudinal Sandwich estimator approach was used to compare longitudinal group differences (responders vs non-responders) in T2* values, associated with iron accumulation. Group visit effects were calculated with a significance threshold of p = 0.005 and cluster forming threshold of 250 voxels. T2* values of 19 healthy controls were used for a reference. The average of each significant region was compared between groups and visits with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons with significance defined as p < 0.05. RESULTS Pre- and post-treatment longitudinal imaging data were available from 28 participants with migraine for a total of 79 quantitative T2* images. Average subject age was 42 ± 13 years (25 female, three male). Of the 28 subjects studied, 53.6% were erenumab responders. Comparing longitudinal T2* between erenumab responders vs non-responders yielded two comparisons which survived the significance threshold of p < 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons: the difference at eight weeks between the erenumab-responders and non-responders in the periaqueductal gray (mean ± standard error; responders 43 ± 1 ms vs non-responders 32.5 ± 1 ms, p = 0.002) and the anterior cingulate cortex (mean ± standard error; responders 50 ± 1 ms vs non-responders 40 ± 1 ms, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Erenumab response is associated with higher T2* in the periaqueductal gray and anterior cingulate cortex, regions that participate in pain processing and modulation. T2* differences between erenumab responders vs non-responders, a measure of brain iron accumulation, are seen at eight weeks post-treatment. Less iron accumulation in the periaqueductal gray and anterior cingulate cortex might play a role in the therapeutic mechanisms of migraine reduction associated with erenumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Daniela Chong
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,ASU-Mayo Center for Innovative Imaging, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jing Li
- Georgia Tech, School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia, USA
| | - Teresa Wu
- ASU-Mayo Center for Innovative Imaging, Tempe, AZ, USA.,School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA
| | - Todd J Schwedt
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,ASU-Mayo Center for Innovative Imaging, Tempe, AZ, USA
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20
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Sripetchwandee J, Kongkaew A, Kumfu S, Chunchai T, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Ferrostatin-1 and Z-VAD-FMK potentially attenuated Iron-mediated neurotoxicity and rescued cognitive function in Iron-overloaded rats. Life Sci 2023; 313:121269. [PMID: 36493877 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of cell death inhibitors including ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin-1 (FER-1) and a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK on brain parameters and cognitive function in iron-overloaded rats. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 30) were divided into 2 groups to receive an intraperitoneal injection with either 10 % dextrose in normal saline solution (NSS) (control group, n = 6) or 100 mg/kg iron dextran (Fe group, n = 24) for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of injection, Fe-injected rats were subdivided into 4 subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) to subcutaneously receive with 1) vehicle (10 % DMSO in NSS), 2) deferoxamine (25 mg/kg), 3) FER-1 (2 mg/kg), or 4) z-VAD-FMK (1 mg/kg). Control group was received vehicle. All subgroups were received each treatment for 2 weeks. Behavioral tests including the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test, were performed at the end of treatment. Then, circulating iron levels and brain parameters including blood-brain barrier proteins, iron level, synaptic proteins, and ferroptosis/apoptosis were determined. KEY FINDINGS All treatment attenuated iron-overloaded condition, brain pathologies, and the cognitive impairment. FER-1 and z-VAD-FMK provided superior effects than deferoxamine by attenuating loss of synaptic proteins and restoring cognitive function in both hippocampal-dependent and hippocampal-independent manners. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that cell death inhibitors act as the novel therapeutic targets for neuroprotection in iron-overloaded condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Aphisek Kongkaew
- Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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21
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Daglas M, Truong PH, Miles LQ, Juan SMA, Rao SS, Adlard PA. Deferiprone attenuates neuropathology and improves outcome following traumatic brain injury. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:214-234. [PMID: 36102035 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in young adults. The role of iron in potentiating neurodegeneration following TBI has gained recent interest as iron deposition has been detected in the injured brain in the weeks to months post-TBI, in both the preclinical and clinical setting. A failure in iron homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation and excitotoxicity; and whether this is a cause or consequence of the long-term effects of TBI remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the role of iron and the effect of therapeutic intervention using a brain-permeable iron chelator, deferiprone, in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. An extensive assessment of cognitive, motor and anxiety/depressive outcome measures were examined, and neuropathological and biochemical changes, over a 3-month period post-TBI. KEY RESULTS Lesion volume was significantly reduced at 3 months, which was preceded by a reduction in astrogliosis, microglia/macrophages and preservation of neurons in the injured brain at 2 weeks and/or 1 month post-TBI in mice receiving oral deferiprone. Deferiprone treatment showed significant improvements in neurological severity scores, locomotor/gait performance and cognitive function, and attenuated anxiety-like symptoms post-TBI. Deferiprone reduced iron levels, lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress and altered expression of neurotrophins in the injured brain over this period. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings support a detrimental role of iron in the injured brain and suggest that deferiprone (or similar iron chelators) may be promising therapeutic approaches to improve survival, functional outcomes and quality of life following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daglas
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phan H Truong
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Linh Q Miles
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sydney M A Juan
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shalini S Rao
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Synaptic Neurobiology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Yang J, Tang Q, Zeng Y. Melatonin: Potential avenue for treating iron overload disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101717. [PMID: 35961513 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload as a highly risk factor, can be found in almost all human chronic and common diseases. Iron chelators are often used to treat iron overload; however, patient adherence to these chelators is poor due to obvious side effects and other disadvantages. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin has a high iron chelation ability and direct free radical scavenging activity, and can inhibit the lipid peroxidation process caused by iron overload. Therefore, melatonin may become potential complementary therapy for iron overload-related disorders due to its iron chelating and antioxidant activities. Here, the research progress of iron overload is reviewed and the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of iron overload is analyzed. In addition, studies related to the protective effects of melatonin on oxidative damage induced by iron overload are discussed. This review provides a foundation for preventing and treating iron homeostasis disorders with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghua Tang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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23
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Fesharaki-Zadeh A. Oxidative Stress in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113000. [PMID: 36361792 PMCID: PMC9657447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major cause of disability worldwide. It involves a complex neurometabolic cascade, including oxidative stress. The products of this manuscript is examining the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). This process in turn leads to secondary injury cascade, which includes lipid peroxidation products. These reactions ultimately play a key role in chronic inflammation and synaptic dysfunction in a synergistic fashion. Although there are no FDA approved antioxidant therapy for TBI, there is a number of antioxidant therapies that have been tested and include free radical scavengers, activators of antioxidant systems, inhibitors of free radical generating enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant therapies have led to cognitive and functional recovery post TBI, and they offer a promising treatment option for patients recovering from TBI. Current major challenges in treatment of TBI symptoms include heterogenous nature of injury, as well as access to timely treatment post injury. The inherent benefits of antioxidant therapies include minimally reported side effects, and relative ease of use in the clinical setting. The current review also provides a highlight of the more studied anti-oxidant regimen with applicability for TBI treatment with potential use in the real clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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24
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Sharawy N, Imam AAA, Aboulhoda BE, Khalifa MM, Morcos GNB, Abd Algaleel WA, Moustafa PE, Abdelbaset MA, Shoukry T. Iron dyshomeostasis and time-course changes in iron-uptake systems and ferritin level in relation to pro-inflammatory microglia polarization in sepsis-induced encephalopathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:953206. [PMID: 36035473 PMCID: PMC9413069 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.953206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalopathy is a frequent and lethal consequence of sepsis. Recently, a growing body of evidence has provided important insights into the role of iron dyshomeostasis in the context of inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying iron dyshomeostasis and its relationship with macrophage phenotypes are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to characterize the changes in iron-transporter and storage proteins and the microglia phenotype that occur during the course of sepsis, as well as their relationship with sepsis-induced encephalopathy. We used a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) murine model that closely resembles sepsis-induced encephalopathy. Rats were subjected to CLP or sham laparotomy, then were neurologically assessed at 6 h, 24 h, and 3 days after sepsis induction. The serum and brain were collected for subsequent biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment. Here, an iron excess was observed at time points that followed the pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in CLP-induced encephalopathy. Our results revealed that the upregulation of non-transferrin-bound iron uptake (NTBI) and ferritin reduction appeared to be partially responsible for the excess free iron detected within the brain tissues. We further demonstrated that the microglia were shifted toward the pro-inflammatory phenotype, leading to persistent neuro-inflammation and neuronal damage after CLP. Taken together, these findings led us to conclude that sepsis increased the susceptibility of the brain to the iron burden via the upregulation of NTBI and the reduction of ferritin, which was concomitantly and correlatively associated with dominance of pro-inflammatory microglia and could explain the neurological dysfunction observed during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Abdel-Aliem Imam
- Preclinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Abdel-Aliem Imam, ; Basma Emad Aboulhoda,
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Abdel-Aliem Imam, ; Basma Emad Aboulhoda,
| | - Mohamed Mansour Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George N. B. Morcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, El-Tor, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Tarek Shoukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Leitner DF, Kanshin E, Askenazi M, Faustin A, Friedman D, Devore S, Ueberheide B, Wisniewski T, Devinsky O. Raphe and ventrolateral medulla proteomics in epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac186. [PMID: 35928051 PMCID: PMC9344977 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brainstem nuclei dysfunction is implicated in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. In animal models, deficient serotonergic activity is associated with seizure-induced respiratory arrest. In humans, glia are decreased in the ventrolateral medullary pre-Botzinger complex that modulate respiratory rhythm, as well as in the medial medullary raphe that modulate respiration and arousal. Finally, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy cases have decreased midbrain volume. To understand the potential role of brainstem nuclei in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, we evaluated molecular signalling pathways using localized proteomics in microdissected midbrain dorsal raphe and medial medullary raphe serotonergic nuclei, as well as the ventrolateral medulla in brain tissue from epilepsy patients who died of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and other causes in diverse epilepsy syndromes and non-epilepsy control cases (n = 15-16 cases per group/region). Compared with the dorsal raphe of non-epilepsy controls, we identified 89 proteins in non-sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and 219 proteins in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy that were differentially expressed. These proteins were associated with inhibition of EIF2 signalling (P-value of overlap = 1.29 × 10-8, z = -2.00) in non-sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. In sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, there were 10 activated pathways (top pathway: gluconeogenesis I, P-value of overlap = 3.02 × 10-6, z = 2.24) and 1 inhibited pathway (fatty acid beta-oxidation, P-value of overlap = 2.69 × 10-4, z = -2.00). Comparing sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and non-sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, 10 proteins were differentially expressed, but there were no associated signalling pathways. In both medullary regions, few proteins showed significant differences in pairwise comparisons. We identified altered proteins in the raphe and ventrolateral medulla of epilepsy patients, including some differentially expressed in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy cases. Altered signalling pathways in the dorsal raphe of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy indicate a shift in cellular energy production and activation of G-protein signalling, inflammatory response, stress response and neuronal migration/outgrowth. Future studies should assess the brain proteome in relation to additional clinical variables (e.g. recent tonic-clonic seizures) and in more of the reciprocally connected cortical and subcortical regions to better understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique F Leitner
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
| | - Evgeny Kanshin
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Grossman
School of Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th
Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Manor Askenazi
- Biomedical Hosting LLC, Arlington, MA
02140, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Grossman School of
Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, New
York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arline Faustin
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of
Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, New
York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
| | - Daniel Friedman
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
| | - Sasha Devore
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, Grossman
School of Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th
Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Grossman School of
Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, New
York, NY 10016, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of
Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, New
York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Wisniewski
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Grossman School of
Medicine, New York University, 223 East 34th Street, New
York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Grossman School of Medicine, New York
University, 223 East 34th Street, New York, NY
10016, USA
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26
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Choi YK, Kim YM. Beneficial and Detrimental Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Neurovascular System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137041. [PMID: 35806040 PMCID: PMC9266949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) has both beneficial and detrimental effects via its metabolites, including carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin or bilirubin, and ferrous iron. HO-1 is an inducible form of HO that is upregulated by oxidative stress, nitric oxide, CO, and hypoxia, whereas HO-2 is a constitutive form that regulates vascular tone and homeostasis. In brains injured by trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the long-term expression of HO-1 can be detected, which can lead to cytotoxic ferroptosis via iron accumulation. In contrast, the transient induction of HO-1 in the peri-injured region may have regenerative potential (e.g., angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis) and neurovascular protective effects through the CO-mediated signaling pathway, the antioxidant properties of bilirubin, and the iron-mediated ferritin synthesis. In this review, we discuss the dual roles of HO-1 and its metabolites in various neurovascular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, traumatic brain injury, Gilbert’s syndrome, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Choi
- Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.C.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-450-0558 (Y.K.C.); +82-33-250-8831 (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.C.); (Y.-M.K.); Tel.: +82-2-450-0558 (Y.K.C.); +82-33-250-8831 (Y.-M.K.)
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27
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Mahoney SO, Chowdhury NF, Ngo V, Imms P, Irimia A. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Results in Significant and Lasting Cortical Demyelination. Front Neurol 2022; 13:854396. [PMID: 35812106 PMCID: PMC9262516 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.854396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite contributing to neurocognitive deficits, intracortical demyelination after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is understudied. This study uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to map intracortical myelin and its change in healthy controls and after mild TBI (mTBI). Acute mTBI involves reductions in relative myelin content primarily in lateral occipital regions. Demyelination mapped ~6 months post-injury is significantly more severe than that observed in typical aging (p < 0.05), with temporal, cingulate, and insular regions losing more myelin (30%, 20%, and 16%, respectively) than most other areas, although occipital regions experience 22% less demyelination. Thus, occipital regions may be more susceptible to primary injury, whereas temporal, cingulate and insular regions may be more susceptible to later manifestations of injury sequelae. The spatial profiles of aging- and mTBI-related chronic demyelination overlap substantially; exceptions include primary motor and somatosensory cortices, where myelin is relatively spared post-mTBI. These features resemble those of white matter demyelination and cortical thinning during Alzheimer's disease, whose risk increases after mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean O. Mahoney
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nahian F. Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Van Ngo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Phoebe Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Andrew and Edna Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrei Irimia
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28
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Padmakumar S, Kulkarni P, Ferris CF, Bleier BS, Amiji MM. Traumatic brain injury and the development of parkinsonism: Understanding pathophysiology, animal models, and therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112812. [PMID: 35290887 PMCID: PMC9050934 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical translation of therapeutic approaches to combat debilitating neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), remains as an urgent unmet challenge. The strong molecular association between the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the development of parkinsonism in humans has been well established. Therefore, a lot of ongoing research aims to investigate this pathology overlap in-depth, to exploit the common targets of TBI and PD for development of more effective and long-term treatment strategies. This review article intends to provide a detailed background on TBI pathophysiology and its established overlap with PD with an additional emphasis on the recent findings about their effect on perivascular clearance. Although, the traditional animal models of TBI and PD are still being considered, there is a huge focus on the development of combinatory hybrid animal models coupling concussion with the pre-established PD models for a better recapitulation of the human context of PD pathogenesis. Lastly, the therapeutic targets for TBI and PD, and the contemporary research involving exosomes, DNA vaccines, miRNA, gene therapy and gene editing for the development of potential candidates are discussed, along with the recent development of lesser invasive and promising central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Juan SMA, Daglas M, Adlard P. Tau pathology, metal dyshomeostasis and repetitive mild traumatic brain injury: an unexplored link paving the way for neurodegeneration. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:902-922. [PMID: 35293225 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI), commonly experienced by athletes and military personnel, causes changes in multiple intracellular pathways, one of which involves the tau protein. Tau phosphorylation plays a role in several neurodegenerative conditions including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder linked to repeated head trauma. There is now mounting evidence suggesting that tau phosphorylation may be regulated by metal ions (such as iron, zinc and copper), which themselves are implicated in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent work has also shown that a single TBI can result in age-dependent and region-specific modulation of metal ions. As such, this review explores the link between TBI, CTE, ageing and neurodegeneration with a specific focus on the involvement of (and interaction between) tau pathology and metal dyshomeostasis. The authors highlight that metal dyshomeostasis has yet to be investigated in the context of repeat head trauma or CTE. Given the evidence that metal dyshomeostasis contributes to the onset and/or progression of neurodegeneration, and that CTE itself is a neurodegenerative condition, this brings to light an uncharted link that should be explored. The development of adequate models of r-mTBI and/or CTE will be crucial in deepening our understanding of the pathological mechanisms that drive the clinical manifestations in these conditions and also in the development of effective therapeutics targeted towards slowing progressive neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M A Juan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3052;
| | - Maria Daglas
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Paul Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 56369, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
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30
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Harding IH, Ward PGD. Brain susceptibility imaging provides valuable in vivo insights into cerebellar diseases, but biological interpretations remain elusive. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac007. [PMID: 35178517 PMCID: PMC8846579 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary relates to: 'Quantitative susceptibility mapping reveals alterations of dentate nuclei in common types of degenerative cerebellar ataxias' by Deistung et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcab306).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H. Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Phillip G. D. Ward
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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31
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Shahandeh A, Bui BV, Finkelstein DI, Nguyen CTO. Effects of Excess Iron on the Retina: Insights From Clinical Cases and Animal Models of Iron Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:794809. [PMID: 35185447 PMCID: PMC8851357 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.794809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron plays an important role in a wide range of metabolic pathways that are important for neuronal health. Excessive levels of iron, however, can promote toxicity and cell death. An example of an iron overload disorder is hemochromatosis (HH) which is a genetic disorder of iron metabolism in which the body’s ability to regulate iron absorption is altered, resulting in iron build-up and injury in several organs. The retina was traditionally assumed to be protected from high levels of systemic iron overload by the blood-retina barrier. However, recent data shows that expression of genes that are associated with HH can disrupt retinal iron metabolism. Thus, the effects of iron overload on the retina have become an area of research interest, as excessively high levels of iron are implicated in several retinal disorders, most notably age–related macular degeneration. This review is an effort to highlight risk factors for excessive levels of systemic iron build-up in the retina and its potential impact on the eye health. Information is integrated across clinical and preclinical animal studies to provide insights into the effects of systemic iron loading on the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahandeh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T. O. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Christine T. O. Nguyen,
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32
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Yang YC, Liu SH, Hsu YH, Wu YL, Chu PT, Lin PC. Cerebrospinal fluid predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after hemorrhagic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:1847-1859. [PMID: 35015193 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common complication of hemorrhagic stroke and has been reported to contribute to poor neurological outcomes. Herein, we aimed to investigate the validity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data in predicting shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (SDHC) in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. PubMed, CENTRAL, and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published through July 31, 2021. The 16 studies with 1505 patient included those in which CSF data predicted risk for SDHC and reports on CSF parameters in patients in whom SDHC or hydrocephalus that was not shunt-dependent developed following hemorrhagic stroke. We appraised the study quality using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and conducted a meta-analysis of the pooled estimates of the CSF predictors. The meta-analysis revealed three significant CSF predictors for shunt dependency, i.e., higher protein levels (mean difference [MD] = 32.09 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 25.48-38.70, I2 = 0%), higher levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1; MD = 0.52 ng/mL, 95% CI = 0.42-0.62, I2 = 0%), and higher ferritin levels (MD = 108.87 µg/dL, 95% CI = 56.68-161.16, I2 = 36%). The red blood cell count, lactate level, and glucose level in CSF were not significant in predicting SDHC in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, higher protein, TGF-β1, and ferritin levels in CSF are significant predictors for SDHC in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Measuring these CSF parameters would help in the early recognition of SDHC risk in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chung Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hao Liu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hone Hsu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Teng Chu
- Division of Surgical Intensive Care, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chin Lin
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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33
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Hubbard WB, Spry ML, Gooch JL, Cloud AL, Vekaria HJ, Burden S, Powell DK, Berkowitz BA, Geldenhuys WJ, Harris NG, Sullivan PG. Clinically relevant mitochondrial-targeted therapy improves chronic outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2021; 144:3788-3807. [PMID: 34972207 PMCID: PMC8719838 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone, an FDA-approved compound, has been shown to target the novel mitochondrial protein mitoNEET and produce short-term neuroprotection and functional benefits following traumatic brain injury. To expand on these findings, we now investigate the dose- and time-dependent effects of pioglitazone administration on mitochondrial function after experimental traumatic brain injury. We then hypothesize that optimal pioglitazone dosing will lead to ongoing neuroprotection and cognitive benefits that are dependent on pioglitazone-mitoNEET signalling pathways. We show that delayed intervention is significantly more effective than early intervention at improving acute mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brain after traumatic brain injury. In corroboration, we demonstrate that mitoNEET is more heavily expressed, especially near the cortical contusion, in the 18 h following traumatic brain injury. To explore whether these findings relate to ongoing pathological and behavioural outcomes, mice received controlled cortical impact followed by initiation of pioglitazone treatment at either 3 or 18 h post-injury. Mice with treatment initiation at 18 h post-injury exhibited significantly improved behaviour and tissue sparing compared to mice with pioglitazone initiated at 3 h post-injury. Further using mitoNEET knockout mice, we show that this therapeutic effect is dependent on mitoNEET. Finally, we demonstrate that delayed pioglitazone treatment improves serial motor and cognitive performance in conjunction with attenuated brain atrophy after traumatic brain injury. This study illustrates that mitoNEET is the critical target for delayed pioglitazone intervention after traumatic brain injury, mitochondrial-targeting is highly time-dependent after injury and there is an extended therapeutic window to effectively treat mitochondrial dysfunction after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
| | - Malinda L Spry
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer L Gooch
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amber L Cloud
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Hemendra J Vekaria
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shawn Burden
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Neil G Harris
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, and Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick G Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Lexington VA Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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34
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Ramos-Languren LE, Avila-Luna A, García-Díaz G, Rodríguez-Labrada R, Vázquez-Mojena Y, Parra-Cid C, Montes S, Bueno-Nava A, González-Piña R. Glutamate, Glutamine, GABA and Oxidative Products in the Pons Following Cortical Injury and Their Role in Motor Functional Recovery. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:3179-3189. [PMID: 34387812 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain injury leads to an excitatory phase followed by an inhibitory phase in the brain. The clinical sequelae caused by cerebral injury seem to be a response to remote functional inhibition of cerebral nuclei located far from the motor cortex but anatomically related to the injury site. It appears that such functional inhibition is mediated by an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP). To test this hypothesis, we report data from 80 rats that were allocated to the following groups: the sham group (n = 40), in which rats received an intracortical infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); the injury group (n = 20), in which rats received CSF containing ferrous chloride (FeCl2, 50 mM); and the recovery group (n = 20), in which rats were injured and allowed to recover. Beam-walking, sensorimotor and spontaneous motor activity tests were performed to evaluate motor performance after injury. Lipid fluorescent products (LFPs) were measured in the pons. The total pontine contents of glutamate (GLU), glutamine (GLN) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also measured. In injured rats, the motor deficits, LFPs and total GABA and GLN contents in the pons were increased, while the GLU level was decreased. In contrast, in recovering rats, none of the studied variables were significantly different from those in sham rats. Thus, motor impairment after cortical injury seems to be mediated by an inhibitory pontine response, and functional recovery may result from a pontine restoration of the GLN-GLU-GABA cycle, while LP may be a primary mechanism leading to remote pontine inhibition after cortical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Ramos-Languren
- Faculty of Psychology, Coordination of Psychobiology and Neurosciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3040 Col, Copilco Universidad Alcaldía Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Avila-Luna
- National Institute of Rehabilitation LGII, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco #289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela García-Díaz
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, High Medical School, IPN. Salvador Diaz Miron Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada
- School of Physical Culture, University of Holguín, Avenida XX Aniversario, 80100, Holguín, Cuba
- Cuban Centre for Neurosciences, Calle 190 entre 25 y 27, Playa, 11300, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Yaimee Vázquez-Mojena
- Cuban Centre for Neurosciences, Calle 190 entre 25 y 27, Playa, 11300, Havana City, Cuba
| | - Carmen Parra-Cid
- National Institute of Rehabilitation LGII, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco #289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Reynosa-Aztlan Multidisciplinary Unit, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Fuente de Diana, Aztlán, 88740, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bueno-Nava
- National Institute of Rehabilitation LGII, Calz. Mexico-Xochimilco #289 Col. Arenal de Guadalupe Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto González-Piña
- Laboratory of Aging Biology, National Geriatric Institute, Av. Contreras 428 Col. San Jerónimo Lídice Alcaldía Magdalena Contreras, 10200, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Section of Postgraduate Studies and Research, High Medical School, IPN. Salvador Diaz Miron Alcaldia Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Special Education, University of the Americas Mexico City College, Puebla # 223 Col. Roma Alcaldía Cuauhtemoc, 06700, Mexico City, Mexico.
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35
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Santana-Gomez CE, Medel-Matus JS, Rundle BK. Animal models of post-traumatic epilepsy and their neurobehavioral comorbidities. Seizure 2021; 90:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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36
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Ladol S, Sharma D. The effects of Hippophae rhamnoides in neuroprotection and behavioral alterations against iron-induced epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2021; 175:106695. [PMID: 34186382 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which malfunctioning of the electrical activity of the brain causes recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Epilepsy causes wide symptoms that include cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, behavioral alterations, and histological impairments. In this study, the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn/Sbt) on electrophysiology, behavior, and histology in iron-induced epilepsy was analyzed. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8); Control group, Epileptic group, Sbt treated epileptic group, and Sbt treated group. To induce epilepsy, the intracortical iron injection was administered at a dose of 5 μl of 100 mM FeCl3. A significant increase in epileptiform activity, behavioral abnormalities, and histological impairments was observed in the iron-induced epileptic rats. Hippophae rhamnoides berry extract was administered orally at a dose of 1 ml/kg body wt. for one month. Sbt administration significantly reduced the epileptiform activity, improved behavioral abnormalities, and improved histological impairments in epileptic rats. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the antiepileptic effect of Sbt that probably has exerted by its neuroprotective and behavioral alteration potential against iron-induced epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanzin Ladol
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Jammu, Bagla (Rahya Suchani) Distt. Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, 181143, India.
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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37
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Gozt A, Hellewell S, Ward PGD, Bynevelt M, Fitzgerald M. Emerging Applications for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in the Detection of Traumatic Brain Injury Pathology. Neuroscience 2021; 467:218-236. [PMID: 34087394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common but heterogeneous injury underpinned by numerous complex and interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms. An essential trace element, iron is abundant within the brain and involved in many fundamental neurobiological processes, including oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production and maintenance, as well as neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. Excessive levels of iron are neurotoxic and thus iron homeostasis is tightly regulated in the brain, however, many details about the mechanisms by which this is achieved are yet to be elucidated. A key mediator of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory response, iron dysregulation is an important contributor to secondary injury in TBI. Advances in neuroimaging that leverage magnetic susceptibility properties have enabled increasingly comprehensive investigations into the distribution and behaviour of iron in the brain amongst healthy individuals as well as disease states such as TBI. Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an advanced neuroimaging technique that promises quantitative estimation of local magnetic susceptibility at the voxel level. In this review, we provide an overview of brain iron and its homeostasis, describe recent advances enabling applications of QSM within the context of TBI and summarise the current state of the literature. Although limited, the emergent research suggests that QSM is a promising neuroimaging technique that can be used to investigate a host of pathophysiological changes that are associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gozt
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Sarah Hellewell
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia
| | - Phillip G D Ward
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, VIC Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, VIC Australia
| | - Michael Bynevelt
- Neurological Intervention and Imaging Service of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA Australia
| | - Melinda Fitzgerald
- Curtin University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley, WA Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA Australia.
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38
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Fasnacht M, Polacek N. Oxidative Stress in Bacteria and the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671037. [PMID: 34041267 PMCID: PMC8141631 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the "great oxidation event," Earth's cellular life forms had to cope with the danger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting the integrity of biomolecules and hampering cellular metabolism circuits. Consequently, increasing ROS levels in the biosphere represented growing stress levels and thus shaped the evolution of species. Whether the ROS were produced endogenously or exogenously, different systems evolved to remove the ROS and repair the damage they inflicted. If ROS outweigh the cell's capacity to remove the threat, we speak of oxidative stress. The injuries through oxidative stress in cells are diverse. This article reviews the damage oxidative stress imposes on the different steps of the central dogma of molecular biology in bacteria, focusing in particular on the RNA machines involved in transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fasnacht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Polacek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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39
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Feng Z, Min L, Chen H, Deng W, Tan M, Liu H, Hou J. Iron overload in the motor cortex induces neuronal ferroptosis following spinal cord injury. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101984. [PMID: 33933882 PMCID: PMC8105676 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron death is supposed to result in primary motor cortex atrophy after spinal cord injury (SCI), which is relevant to poorer motor recovery for patients with SCI. However, the exact mechanisms of motor neuron death remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that iron deposition in the motor cortex was significantly increased in both SCI patients and rats, which triggered the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulted in motor neuronal ferroptosis ultimately. While iron chelator, ROS inhibitor and ferroptosis inhibitor reduced iron overload-induced motor neuron death and promoted motor functional recovery. Further, we found that activated microglia in the motor cortex following SCI secreted abundant nitric oxide (NO), which regulated cellular iron homeostasis-related proteins to induce iron overload in motor neurons. Thus, we conclude that microglial activation induced iron overload in the motor cortex after SCI triggered motor neuronal ferroptosis and impeded motor functional recovery. These findings might provide novel therapeutic strategies for SCI. SCI induces iron overload in the motor cortex. Iron overload after SCI induces lipid peroxidation, thus triggers neuronal ferroptosis. Activated microglia in M1 secrete superfluous NO to disturb iron metabolism after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lingxia Min
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingliang Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingming Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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40
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Mez J, Alosco ML, Daneshvar DH, Saltiel N, Baucom Z, Abdolmohammadi B, Uretsky M, Nicks R, Martin BM, Palmisano JN, Nowinski CJ, Montenigro P, Solomon TM, Mahar I, Cherry JD, Alvarez VE, Dwyer B, Goldstein LE, Katz DI, Cantu RC, Kowall NW, Tripodis Y, Huber BR, Stein TD, Stern RA, McKee AC. Validity of the 2014 traumatic encephalopathy syndrome criteria for CTE pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1709-1724. [PMID: 33826224 PMCID: PMC8596795 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Validity of the 2014 traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) criteria, proposed to diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in life, has not been assessed. Methods A total of 336 consecutive brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts from contact sports, military service, and/or physical violence were included. Blinded to clinical information, neuropathologists applied National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering CTE criteria. Blinded to neuropathological information, clinicians interviewed informants and reviewed medical records. An expert panel adjudicated TES diagnoses. Results A total of 309 donors were diagnosed with TES; 244 donors had CTE pathology. TES criteria demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 0.97 and 0.21, respectively. Cognitive (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–5.1), but not mood/behavior or motor symptoms, were significantly associated with CTE pathology. Having Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology was significantly associated with reduced TES accuracy (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12–0.59). Discussion TES criteria provided good evidence to rule out, but limited evidence to rule in, CTE pathology. Requiring cognitive symptoms in revised criteria and using AD biomarkers may improve CTE pathology prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael L Alosco
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel H Daneshvar
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Saltiel
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zachary Baucom
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston University Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeline Uretsky
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond Nicks
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brett M Martin
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Biostatistics & Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph N Palmisano
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Biostatistics & Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher J Nowinski
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Montenigro
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Todd M Solomon
- Avanir Pharmaceuticals Inc, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Ian Mahar
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victor E Alvarez
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brigid Dwyer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Biomedical, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas I Katz
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Braintree Rehabilitation Hospital, Braintree, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert C Cantu
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Concussion Legacy Foundation, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yorghos Tripodis
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston University Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer's Disease and CTE Centers, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rui T, Wang H, Li Q, Cheng Y, Gao Y, Fang X, Ma X, Chen G, Gao C, Gu Z, Song S, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang Z, Wang T, Zhang M, Min J, Chen X, Tao L, Wang F, Luo C. Deletion of ferritin H in neurons counteracts the protective effect of melatonin against traumatic brain injury-induced ferroptosis. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12704. [PMID: 33206394 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis may be important in the pathophysiological process of traumatic brain injury (TBI). As a major hormone of the pineal gland, melatonin exerts many beneficial effects on TBI, but there is no information regarding the effects of melatonin on ferroptosis after TBI. As expected, TBI resulted in the time-course changes of ferroptosis-related molecules expression and iron accumulation in the ipsilateral cortex. Importantly, we found that treating with melatonin potently rescued TBI induced the changes mentioned above and improved functional deficits versus vehicle. Similar results were obtained with a ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin-1. Moreover, the protective effect of melatonin is likely dependent on melatonin receptor 1B (MT2). Although ferritin plays a vital role in iron metabolism by storing excess cellular iron, its precise function in the brain, and whether it involves melatonin's neuroprotection remain unexplored. Considering ferritin H (Fth) is expressed predominantly in the neurons and global loss of Fth in mice induces early embryonic lethality, we then generated neuron-specific Fth conditional knockout (Fth-KO) mice, which are viable and fertile but have altered iron metabolism. In addition, Fth-KO mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis after TBI, and the neuroprotection by melatonin was largely abolished in Fth-KO mice. In vitro siFth experiments further confirmed the results mentioned above. Taken together, these data indicate that melatonin produces cerebroprotection, at least partly by inhibiting neuronal Fth-mediated ferroptosis following TBI, supporting the notion that melatonin is an excellent ferroptosis inhibitor and its anti-ferroptosis provides a potential therapeutic target for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Rui
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuying Ma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiya Gu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shunchen Song
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zufeng Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Sharma S, Tiarks G, Haight J, Bassuk AG. Neuropathophysiological Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies for Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:612073. [PMID: 33708071 PMCID: PMC7940684 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.612073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults and a risk factor for acquired epilepsy. Severe TBI, after a period of time, causes numerous neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative problems with varying comorbidities; and brain homeostasis may never be restored. As a consequence of disrupted equilibrium, neuropathological changes such as circuit remodeling, reorganization of neural networks, changes in structural and functional plasticity, predisposition to synchronized activity, and post-translational modification of synaptic proteins may begin to dominate the brain. These pathological changes, over the course of time, contribute to conditions like Alzheimer disease, dementia, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). PTE is one of the most common, devastating complications of TBI; and of those affected by a severe TBI, more than 50% develop PTE. The etiopathology and mechanisms of PTE are either unknown or poorly understood, which makes treatment challenging. Although anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are used as preventive strategies to manage TBI, control acute seizures and prevent development of PTE, their efficacy in PTE remains controversial. In this review, we discuss novel mechanisms and risk factors underlying PTE. We also discuss dysfunctions of neurovascular unit, cell-specific neuroinflammatory mediators and immune response factors that are vital for epileptogenesis after TBI. Finally, we describe current and novel treatments and management strategies for preventing PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunik Sharma
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Grant Tiarks
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph Haight
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Medical Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Li J, Zhang Q, Zhang N, Guo L. Increased Brain Iron Detection by Voxel-Based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With an Executive Function Decline. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:606182. [PMID: 33519360 PMCID: PMC7843466 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.606182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Brain iron accumulation has been suggested as a pathomechanism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cognitive impairment. This research aims to examine the total-brain pattern of iron accumulation in relation to executive function decline in patients with T2DM by voxel-based quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) analysis. Materials and Methods A total of 32 patients with T2DM and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent brain magnetic resonance examination, and 48 individuals underwent cognitive function assessments. Imaging data were collected with three-dimensional fast low-angle shot sequences to achieve magnitude as well as phase images. Using voxel-based QSM analysis, we compared the voxel-wise susceptibility values of the whole brain among groups and explored whether the susceptibility values had correlations with cognitive data. Results Among the 66 participants, cognitive function was estimated in 23 patients with T2DM (11 males and 12 females; average age, 64.65 ± 8.44 years) and 25 HCs (13 males and 12 females; average age, 61.20 ± 7.62 years). T2DM patients exhibited significantly (t = 4.288, P < 0.001) lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores [T2DM, 27 (27, 28); HCs, 29 (28, 29); normal standard ≥ 26)] and higher Trail-making Test (TMT)-A/TMT-B scores [71 (51, 100)/185 (149, 260)] than HCs [53 (36.5, 63.5)/150 (103, 172.5)] (Z = 2.612, P = 0.009; Z = 2.797, P = 0.005). Subjects with T2DM showed significantly higher susceptibility values than HCs in the caudate/putamen/pallidum, frontal inferior triangular gyrus, and precentral gyrus on the right hemisphere. In contrast (HC > T2DM), no region showed a significant difference in susceptibility values between the groups. The correlation analysis between susceptibility values and cognitive function scores was tested by voxel-based susceptibility value with sex and age as covariates. After multiple comparison correction, in T2DM patients, the left thalamus showed a significant relationship with TMT-A (R 2 = 0.53, P = 0.001). The right thalamus and left thalamus showed a significant relationship with TMT-B (R 2 = 0.35, P = 0.019; and R 2 = 0.38, P = 0.017, respectively). In HCs, the cluster of right precentral/middle frontal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus/inferior triangular gyrus showed a significant relationship with TMT-B (R 2 = 0.59, P = 0.010). No relationship was found between the susceptibility values with MoCA in the brain region in both two groups. Conclusion Patients with T2DM presented declined cognitive assessments and elevated iron deposition in the striatum and frontal lobe, suggesting that executive function decline in T2DM might be associated with the cerebral iron burden and that changes in susceptibility values may represent a latent quantitative imaging marker for early assessment of cognitive decline in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nan Zhang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingfei Guo
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Guo JJ, Yue F, Song DY, Bousset L, Liang X, Tang J, Yuan L, Li W, Melki R, Tang Y, Chan P, Guo C, Li JY. Intranasal administration of α-synuclein preformed fibrils triggers microglial iron deposition in the substantia nigra of Macaca fascicularis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:81. [PMID: 33441545 PMCID: PMC7807015 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron deposition is present in main lesion areas in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and an abnormal iron content may be associated with dopaminergic neuronal cytotoxicity and degeneration in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. However, the cause of iron deposition and its role in the pathological process of PD are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the nasal mucosal delivery of synthetic human α-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils (PFFs) on the pathogenesis of PD in Macaca fascicularis. We detected that iron deposition was clearly increased in a time-dependent manner from 1 to 17 months in the substantia nigra and globus pallidus, highly contrasting to other brain regions after treatments with α-syn PFFs. At the cellular level, the iron deposits were specifically localized in microglia but not in dopaminergic neurons, nor in other types of glial cells in the substantia nigra, whereas the expression of transferrin (TF), TF receptor 1 (TFR1), TF receptor 2 (TFR2), and ferroportin (FPn) was increased in dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, no clear dopaminergic neuron loss was observed in the substantia nigra, but with decreased immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and appearance of axonal swelling in the putamen. The brain region-enriched and cell-type-dependent iron localizations indicate that the intranasal α-syn PFFs treatment-induced iron depositions in microglia in the substantia nigra may appear as an early cellular response that may initiate neuroinflammation in the dopaminergic system before cell death occurs. Our data suggest that the inhibition of iron deposition may be a potential approach for the early prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Parkinson's Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Dong-Yan Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS and Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Histology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Histology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Repair, Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China
| | - Wen Li
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Repair, Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS and Institut François Jacob (MIRCen), CEA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92260, France
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Histology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Piu Chan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Parkinson's Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chuang Guo
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Repair, Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China.
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden.
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Gromadzka G, Wierzbicka D, Litwin T, Przybyłkowski A. Difference in iron metabolism may partly explain sex-related variability in the manifestation of Wilson's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126637. [PMID: 32937238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Wilson's disease (WD) is a hereditary disorder characterized by abnormal metabolism of copper. For unknown reasons, the clinical picture of this disease appears to be sex-dependent. Because the metabolism of copper and iron is interrelated, we aimed to evaluate whether the variability in the clinical picture of WD could be explained by the sex difference in iron metabolism. METHODS A total of 138 WD patients were examined in this study: 39 newly diagnosed, treatment naive patients and 99 individuals already treated with decoppering drugs. The serum concentration of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and copper were measured using an enzymatic colorimetric assay and by atomic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. The parameters of iron metabolism were determined by using standard laboratory methods and enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS In the treatment naive group men had a higher median serum concentration of ferritin (290.5 vs. 81.0 ng/mL, p < 10-4), and hepcidin (Hepc) (55.4 vs. 22.8 ng/mL, p < 10-3) compared to women, and tended to have higher concentration of iron, hemoglobin (HGB) and number of red blood cells (RBC). In the treated group men had higher median ferritin (122.0 vs. 46.0 ng/mL, p < 10-4), Hepc (23.5 vs. 10.8 ng/mL, p < 10-4), iron (102.5 vs. 68.0 μg/dL, p < 10-4), HGB (15.0 vs. 13.2 g/dL, p < 10-4), and RBC (5.0 vs. 4.5 M/L, p < 10-4) than women. CONCLUSION Iron metabolism differs between men and women with WD, which may partly explain the sex difference noted in the disease manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Gromadzka
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Faculty of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Wierzbicka
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Litwin
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Second Department of Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Przybyłkowski
- Medical University in Warsaw, Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Castellani RJ, Nozari A, Lafuente JV, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Buzoianu AD, Patnaik R, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Mild traumatic brain injury exacerbates Parkinson's disease induced hemeoxygenase-2 expression and brain pathology: Neuroprotective effects of co-administration of TiO 2 nanowired mesenchymal stem cells and cerebrolysin. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:157-231. [PMID: 33223035 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is one of the leading predisposing factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mild or moderate TBI induces rapid production of tau protein and alpha synuclein (ASNC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in several brain areas. Enhanced tau-phosphorylation and ASNC alters the molecular machinery of the brain leading to PD pathology. Recent evidences show upregulation of constitutive isoform of hemeoxygenase (HO-2) in PD patients that correlates well with the brain pathology. mTBI alone induces profound upregulation of HO-2 immunoreactivity. Thus, it would be interesting to explore whether mTBI exacerbates PD pathology in relation to tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression. In addition, whether neurotrophic factors and stem cells known to reduce brain pathology in TBI could induce neuroprotection in PD following mTBI. In this review role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin (CBL), a well-balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors and active peptide fragments using nanowired delivery in PD following mTBI is discussed based on our own investigation. Our results show that mTBI induces concussion exacerbates PD pathology and nanowired delivery of MSCs and CBL induces superior neuroprotection. This could be due to reduction in tau, ASNC and HO-2 expression in PD following mTBI, not reported earlier. The functional significance of our findings in relation to clinical strategies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ranjana Patnaik
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dell’Acqua S, Massardi E, Monzani E, Di Natale G, Rizzarelli E, Casella L. Interaction between Hemin and Prion Peptides: Binding, Oxidative Reactivity and Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207553. [PMID: 33066163 PMCID: PMC7589926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the interaction of hemin with four fragments of prion protein (PrP) containing from one to four histidines (PrP106-114, PrP95-114, PrP84-114, PrP76-114) for its potential relevance to prion diseases and possibly traumatic brain injury. The binding properties of hemin-PrP complexes have been evaluated by UV-visible spectrophotometric titration. PrP peptides form a 1:1 adduct with hemin with affinity that increases with the number of histidines and length of the peptide; the following log K1 binding constants have been calculated: 6.48 for PrP76-114, 6.1 for PrP84-114, 4.80 for PrP95-114, whereas for PrP106-114, the interaction is too weak to allow a reliable binding constant calculation. These constants are similar to that of amyloid-β (Aβ) for hemin, and similarly to hemin-Aβ, PrP peptides tend to form a six-coordinated low-spin complex. However, the concomitant aggregation of PrP induced by hemin prevents calculation of the K2 binding constant. The turbidimetry analysis of [hemin-PrP76-114] shows that, once aggregated, this complex is scarcely soluble and undergoes precipitation. Finally, a detailed study of the peroxidase-like activity of [hemin-(PrP)] shows a moderate increase of the reactivity with respect to free hemin, but considering the activity over long time, as for neurodegenerative pathologies, it might contribute to neuronal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dell’Acqua
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (L.C.)
| | - Elisa Massardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Natale
- Istituto di Cristallografia, s.s. Catania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.D.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Istituto di Cristallografia, s.s. Catania, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.D.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Luigi Casella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (L.C.)
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Revisiting Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100389. [PMID: 33003373 PMCID: PMC7601301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the complex molecular mechanisms involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for developing new therapies for TBI. Current treatments for TBI are primarily focused on patient stabilization and symptom mitigation. However, the field lacks defined therapies to prevent cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades which lead to chronic pathology. Little can be done to treat the mechanical damage that occurs during the primary insult of a TBI; however, secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, edema formation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cell death, can be targeted by therapeutic interventions. Elucidating the many mechanisms underlying secondary injury and studying targets of neuroprotective therapeutic agents is critical for developing new treatments. Therefore, we present a review on the molecular events following TBI from inflammation to programmed cell death and discuss current research and the latest therapeutic strategies to help understand TBI-mediated secondary injury.
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Tang S, Gao P, Chen H, Zhou X, Ou Y, He Y. The Role of Iron, Its Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:590789. [PMID: 33100976 PMCID: PMC7545318 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.590789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a structural and physiological disruption of brain function caused by external forces. It is a major cause of death and disability for patients worldwide. TBI includes both primary and secondary impairments. Iron overload and ferroptosis highly involved in the pathophysiological process of secondary brain injury. Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death, as increased iron accumulation in the brain leads to lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory responses, resulting in cellular and neuronal damage. For this reason, eliminating factors like iron deposition and inhibiting lipid peroxidation may be a promising therapy. Iron chelators can be used to eliminate excess iron and to alleviate some of the clinical manifestations of TBI. In this review we will focus on the mechanisms of iron and ferroptosis involving the manifestations of TBI, broaden our understanding of the use of iron chelators for TBI. Through this review, we were able to better find novel clinical therapeutic directions for further TBI study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tang
- Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibo Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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50
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Taguchi D, Ehara A, Seo Y, Ueda S. Microhemorrhage in a Rat Model of Neonatal Shaking Brain Injury: Correlation between MRI and Iron Histochemistry. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:83-91. [PMID: 32873992 PMCID: PMC7450178 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that neonatal shaking brain injury (SBI) causes transient microhemorrhages (MHs) in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Iron deposits and iron-uptake cells are observed surrounding MHs in this SBI model, suggesting local hypoxic-ischemic conditions. However, whether the shaken pups suffered systemic hypoxic-ischemic conditions has remained uncertain. Further, histopathological correlations of MHs on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are still unclear. The present study examined MHs after neonatal SBI using a combination of histochemical and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) analyses. Systemic oxygen saturation analyses indicated no significant difference between shaken and non-shaken pups. MHs on postnatal day 4 (P4) pups showed decreased signal intensity on SWI. Iron histochemistry revealed that these hypointense areas almost completely comprised red blood cells (RBCs). MHs that appeared on P4 gradually disappeared by P7-12 on SWI. These resolved areas contained small numbers of RBCs, numerous iron-positive cells, and punctate regions with iron reaction products. Perivascular iron products were evident after P12. These changes progressed faster in the hippocampus than in cortical areas. These changes in MHs following neonatal SBI may provide new insights into microvascular pathologies and impacts on brain functions as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Taguchi
- Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University
- Department Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine
| | - Ayuka Ehara
- Department Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiteru Seo
- Department of Regulatory Physiology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine
| | - Shuichi Ueda
- Department Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine
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