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Kamble P, Daulatabad VS, Tandra H, Singhal A, U M, John NA. Yoganidra to Alleviate Anxiety: An Interventional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45083. [PMID: 37842496 PMCID: PMC10568654 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anxiety and stress are challenging conditions that result in perturbation of the body's homeostasis. It disturbs one's physical and mental state of equilibrium. There are many ways to overcome anxiety and stress, however, the best among many remedies is yoganidra, as it achieves optimum functioning of not only our body but also our mind. Hence, the present study was planned to evaluate the impact of yoganidra practice on the anxiety levels of undergraduate students. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate physiological parameters like pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, measure anxiety levels by the general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) inventory and Beck's anxiety questionnaire, conduct yoganidra sessions for all the students, and compare the effects of these training sessions on physiological parameters and anxiety scales. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was carried out in the department of physiology, R.V.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Siddipet, and conducted on 125 students from first to final Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery who participated voluntarily and actively after satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the members were assessed for physiological cardio-respiratory parameters followed by the GAD-7 scale and Beck's anxiety questionnaire pre- and post-yoganidra sessions. RESULTS There was a significant difference in blood pressure before and after the session, whereas the pulse rate and respiratory rate reduction after the session were highly significant. There was a highly significant reduction in GAD-7 anxiety score, from 12±3.41 to 5.80±2.56 (p<0.0001); while for Beck's score, there was a highly significant reduction in anxiety score of 20.83±0.73 after giving yoganidra training as opposed to the earlier score of 23.75±1.86 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Yoganidra provides ways to manage stress and anxiety and enhance mental wellness. It is supported by research evidence as a safe and effective method to reduce anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kamble
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, IND
| | - Vandana S Daulatabad
- Physiology, R.V.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Siddipet, IND
| | - Himaja Tandra
- Physiology, R.V.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Siddipet, IND
| | - Anish Singhal
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, IND
| | - Madhusudhan U
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, IND
| | - Nitin A John
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, IND
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The Effect of Combined Treatment of Psilocybin and Eugenol on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Brain Inflammation in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062624. [PMID: 36985596 PMCID: PMC10056123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an organism’s biological defense mechanism. Acute and chronic inflammation of the body triggers the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that can affect the content of cytokines in the brain and thus cause brain inflammation. Disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often associated with elevated inflammation. Recently, positive and promising clinical results of psilocybin for the treatment of depression and PTSD were reported. Thus, we decided to test whether psilocybin alone or in combination with eugenol, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, would prevent the increase in or decrease the content of cytokines in the brain of C57BL/6J mice injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Two experiments were performed, one with pre-treatment of mice through gavage with psilocybin (0.88 mg/kg), eugenol (17.6 mg/kg), or combinations of psilocybin and eugenol (1:10, 1:20, or 1:50), followed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the second, post-treatment, with initial injection with LPS, followed by treatment with psilocybin, eugenol, or their combination. Brain tissues were collected, and cytokines were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test or with multiple unpaired t-tests. LPS upregulated mRNA expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. All pre-treatments decreased the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α, with psilocybin alone and in 1:50 combination, with eugenol being the most effective. In the post-treatment, all combinations of psilocybin and eugenol were effective in reducing inflammation, with the 1:50 ratio displaying the most prominent results in reducing the mRNA content of tested cytokines. Western blot analysis confirmed the effect on COX-2 and IL-1β proteins. Finally, the ELISA showed that post-treatment with psilocybin + eugenol (1:50) demonstrated the best results, decreasing the expression of multiple markers including IL-6 and IL-8. This demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of psilocybin and eugenol in the brain of animals with systemically induced inflammation.
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Yang LL, Stiernborg M, Skott E, Xu J, Wu Y, Landberg R, Arefin S, Kublickiene K, Millischer V, Nilsson IAK, Schalling M, Giacobini M, Lavebratt C. Effects of a Synbiotic on Plasma Immune Activity Markers and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Children and Adults with ADHD-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:1293. [PMID: 36904292 PMCID: PMC10004766 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synbiotic 2000, a pre + probiotic, reduced comorbid autistic traits and emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. Immune activity and bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbiota-gut-brain axis mediators. The aim was to investigate Synbiotic 2000 effects on plasma levels of immune activity markers and SCFAs in children and adults with ADHD. ADHD patients (n = 182) completed the 9-week intervention with Synbiotic 2000 or placebo and 156 provided blood samples. Healthy adult controls (n = 57) provided baseline samples. At baseline, adults with ADHD had higher pro-inflammatory sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and lower SCFA levels than controls. Children with ADHD had higher baseline sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-2Rα, and lower formic, acetic, and propionic acid levels than adults with ADHD. sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and propionic acid levels were more abnormal in children on medication. Synbiotic 2000, compared to placebo, reduced IL-12/IL-23p40 and sICAM-1 and increased propionic acid levels in children on medication. SCFAs correlated negatively with sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. Preliminary human aortic smooth-muscle-cell experiments indicated that SCFAs protected against IL-1β-induced ICAM-1 expression. These findings suggest that treatment with Synbiotic 2000 reduces IL12/IL-23p40 and sICAM-1 and increases propionic acid levels in children with ADHD. Propionic acid, together with formic and acetic acid, may contribute to the lowering of the higher-than-normal sICAM-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu L. Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miranda Stiernborg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Skott
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry Stockholm AB, 163 74 Rinkeby, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yujiao Wu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vincent Millischer
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ida A. K. Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - MaiBritt Giacobini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- PRIMA Child and Adult Psychiatry Stockholm AB, 163 74 Rinkeby, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Prediction of Cognitive Decline by Behavioral Symptoms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs-126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Neuropsychiatric disorders are described by their neurological, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms. However, behavioral symptoms may often be overlooked due to the current approach in neurology. Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between behavioral symptoms and cognitive functioning in neurological disorders. The second aim was to predict neurocognitive patterns by behavioral symptoms as independent variables. Methods: Behavioral symptoms were collected based on semi-structured neuropsychiatric interviews with 211 patients admitted to the neuropsychiatry department of Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Isfahan by both a neuropsychiatry fellow and an attending neuropsychiatrist. A neuropsychiatry fellow assessed all patients using the neuropsychiatry unit cognitive (NUCog) assessment tool. We used a generalized linear model (GLM) to indicate the effect of behavioral symptoms on the risk of decline in cognitive domains. Due to the use of all available samples, this study had no age limit, and the patients were 15 to 92 years old. Results: The regression coefficient of NUCog subscale scores for behavioral symptoms using GLM revealed that education level had a positive relationship with the scores of attention (P < 0.001), visuoconstruction (P < 0.001), memory (P < 0.001), executive function (P < 0.001), language (P < 0.001), and the total score of NUCog (P < 0.001). Patients with apathy had lower scores on the memory subscale (P = 0.002) and total NUCog (P = 0.021). Similarly, patients with delusion had lower scores on memory (P = 0.006) and executive function (P = 0.026). There was a negative relationship between agitation and attention (P = 0.049), visuoconstruction (P = 0.015), memory (P = 0.018), executive function (P = 0.005), and total score of NUCog (P = 0.007). Sleep disturbances were accompanied by lower memory scores (P = 0.056) and lower mean NUCog scores (P = 0.052). Visual hallucination was associated with declined performance in attention (P = 0.057). Conclusions: Behavioral assessment can help predict cognitive patterns in patients with neurobehavioral syndromes.
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Elizalde-Díaz JP, Miranda-Narváez CL, Martínez-Lazcano JC, Martínez-Martínez E. The relationship between chronic immune response and neurodegenerative damage in long COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039427. [PMID: 36591299 PMCID: PMC9800881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two years, the world has faced the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which by August of 2022 has infected around 619 million people and caused the death of 6.55 million individuals globally. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory tract level, there are several reports, indicating that other organs such as the heart, kidney, pancreas, and brain can also be damaged. A characteristic observed in blood serum samples of patients suffering COVID-19 disease in moderate and severe stages, is a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-α (IFN-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), as well as the presence of autoantibodies against interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-λ (IFN-λ), C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26), CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), family with sequence similarity 19 (chemokine (C-C motif)-like) member A4 (FAM19A4), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1). Interestingly, it has been described that the chronic cytokinemia is related to alterations of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and induction of neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the generation of autoantibodies affects processes such as neurogenesis, neuronal repair, chemotaxis and the optimal microglia function. These observations support the notion that COVID-19 patients who survived the disease present neurological sequelae and neuropsychiatric disorders. The goal of this review is to explore the relationship between inflammatory and humoral immune markers and the major neurological damage manifested in post-COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Elizalde-Díaz
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Leticia Miranda-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication & Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Basic Science, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Foiselle M, Barbosa S, Godin O, Wu CL, Boukouaci W, Andre M, Aouizerate B, Berna F, Barau C, Capdevielle D, Vidailhet P, Chereau I, Davidovic L, Dorey JM, Dubertret C, Dubreucq J, Faget C, Fond G, Leigner S, Llorca PM, Mallet J, Misdrahi D, Martinuzzi E, Passerieux C, Rey R, Pignon B, Urbach M, Schürhoff F, Glaichenhaus N, Leboyer M, Tamouza R. Immuno-metabolic profile of patients with psychotic disorders and metabolic syndrome. Results from the FACE-SZ cohort. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 22:100436. [PMID: 35469211 PMCID: PMC9034311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent and harmful medical disorder often comorbid with psychosis where it can contribute to cardiovascular complications. As immune dysfunction is a key shared component of both MetS and schizophrenia (SZ), this study investigated the relationship between immune alterations and MetS in patients with SZ, whilst controlling the impact of confounding clinical characteristics including psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities, history of childhood maltreatment and psychotropic treatments. Method A total of 310 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for SZ or schizoaffective disorders (SZA), with or without MetS, were systematically assessed and included in the FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia (FACE-SZ) cohort. Detailed clinical characteristics of patients, including psychotic symptomatology, psychiatric comorbidities and history of childhood maltreatment were recorded and the serum levels of 18 cytokines were measured. A penalized regression method was performed to analyze associations between inflammation and MetS, whilst controlling for confounding factors. Results Of the total sample, 25% of patients had MetS. Eight cytokines were above the lower limit of detection (LLOD) in more than 90% of the samples and retained in downstream analysis. Using a conservative Variable Inclusion Probability (VIP) of 75%, we found that elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-12/23 p40 and IL-16 and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were associated with MetS. As for clinical variables, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of SZ (not SZA), age at the first episode of psychosis (FEP), alcohol abuse, current tobacco smoking, and treatment with antidepressants and anxiolytics were all associated with MetS. Conclusion We have identified five cytokines associated with MetS in SZ suggesting that patients with psychotic disorders and MetS are characterized by a specific “immuno-metabolic” profile. This may help to design tailored treatments for this subgroup of patients with both psychotic disorders and MetS, taking one more step towards precision medicine in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Foiselle
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, F-94010, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
| | - Susana Barbosa
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Ophélia Godin
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, F-94010, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
| | - Ching-Lien Wu
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
| | - Wahid Boukouaci
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
| | - Myrtille Andre
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
- INRAE, NutriNeuro, University of Bordeaux, U1286, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Vidailhet
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Chereau
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laetitia Davidovic
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hopital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, France
| | - Julien Dubreucq
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale et de Remédiation Cognitive (C3R), CH Alpes Isère, France
| | - Catherine Faget
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ, School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279, CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- AP-HM, Aix-Marseille Univ, School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279, CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Leigner
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Centre Référent de Réhabilitation Psychosociale et de Remédiation Cognitive (C3R), CH Alpes Isère, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, France
| | - Jasmina Mallet
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hopital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
- Université de Paris INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, France
| | - David Misdrahi
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA « Neuroimagerie et cognition humaine », France
| | - Emanuela Martinuzzi
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Christine Passerieux
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Service Universitaire de psychiatrie et d'addictologie du Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, INSERM UMR1018, CESP, Team “DevPsy”, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Romain Rey
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, France
| | - Baptiste Pignon
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, F-94010, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
| | - Mathieu Urbach
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Service Universitaire de psychiatrie et d'addictologie du Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, INSERM UMR1018, CESP, Team “DevPsy”, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, Saclay, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, F-94010, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
| | - Nicolas Glaichenhaus
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, F-94010, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Corresponding author. Département Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, 40 rue de Mesly, Créteil, 94000, France.
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational NeuroPsychiatry Laboratory, F-94010, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), F-94010, France
- Fondation FondaMental, France
- Corresponding author. Département Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, 40 rue de Mesly, Créteil, 94000, France.
| | - the FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) GroupsBernaF.sHaffenE.sLeboyerM.sLlorcaP.M.sSchürhoffF.sBarteauV.tBensalemS.tGodinO.tLaouamriH.tSouryisK.tLeboyerM.uvOfferlin-MeyerI.uvPignonB.uvSchürhoffF.uvSzökeA.uvAouizerateB.wxDelogeA.wyMisdrahiD.wyVilàE.wyBlancO.zChéreauI.zDenizotH.zHonciucR.M.zLacelleD.zLlorcaP.M.zPiresS.zDubertretC.aaMalletJ.aaPortalierC.aaDubreucqJ.abFluttazC.abGabayetF.abRomanC.abChesnoy-ServaninG.acD'AmatoT.acDoreyJ.M.acReyR.acVehierA.acLançonC.adFagetC.adMetairieE.adPeriP.adVaillantF.adBoyerL.aeafFondG.aeafBernaF.agVidailhetP.agZinetti-BertschyA.agCapdevielleD.ahYazbekH.ahEsselinS.aiajakJarroirM.aiajakPasserieuxC.aiajakUrbachM.aiajakFACE-SZ Clinical Coordinating Center (Fondation FondaMental), FranceFACE-SZ Data Coordinating Center (Fondation FondaMental), FranceFACE-SZ Clinical Sites and Principal Collaborators in France, FranceAP-HP, INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry Team, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Paris Est University, 40 rue de Mesly, 94000, Créteil, FranceDepartment of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, F-33076, Bordeaux, FranceLaboratory of Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology (UMR INRA 1286), University of Bordeaux, FranceUniversity of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, FranceCHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Psychiatry (service de psychatrie B), University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FranceAP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, University Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, FrancePsychosocial Rehabilitation Reference Center, Alpes Isère Hospital, Grenoble, FranceUniversity Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Le Vinatier Hospital Pole Est BP 300 39, 95 bd Pinel, 69678, Bron Cedex, FranceDepartment of Psychiatry (AP-HM), Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, FranceAP-HM, la Conception Hospital, Aix-Marseille Univ, School of medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, EA 3279, FranceCEReSS - Health Service Research, FranceStrasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Federation of Translational Psychiatry, Strasbourg, FranceUniversity Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombiere Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061, Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Adult Psychiatry, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, FranceHandiRESP and Quality of Life Center, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, FranceFrance Laboratory, EA4047, UFR Health Sciences Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
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7
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Pérez Gómez AA, Karmakar M, Carroll RJ, Lawley KS, Amstalden K, Young CR, Threadgill DW, Welsh CJ, Brinkmeyer-Langford C. Serum Cytokines Predict Neurological Damage in Genetically Diverse Mouse Models. Cells 2022; 11:2044. [PMID: 35805128 PMCID: PMC9265636 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections contribute to neurological and immunological dysfunction driven by complex genetic networks. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes neurological dysfunction in mice and can model human outcomes to viral infections. Here, we used genetically distinct mice from five Collaborative Cross mouse strains and C57BL/6J to demonstrate how TMEV-induced immune responses in serum may predict neurological outcomes in acute infection. To test the hypothesis that serum cytokine levels can provide biomarkers for phenotypic outcomes of acute disease, we compared cytokine levels at pre-injection, 4 days post-injection (d.p.i.), and 14 d.p.i. Each strain produced unique baseline cytokine levels and had distinct immune responses to the injection procedure itself. Thus, we eliminated the baseline responses to the injection procedure itself and identified cytokines and chemokines induced specifically by TMEV infection. Then, we identified strain-specific longitudinal cytokine profiles in serum during acute disease. Using stepwise regression analysis, we identified serum immune markers predictive for TMEV-induced neurological phenotypes of the acute phase, e.g., IL-9 for limb paralysis; and TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-1β for limb weakness. These findings indicate how temporal differences in immune responses are influenced by host genetic background and demonstrate the potential of serum biomarkers to track the neurological effects of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracely A. Pérez Gómez
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.S.L.); (K.A.); (C.R.Y.); (C.J.W.)
| | - Moumita Karmakar
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Raymond J. Carroll
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (M.K.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Koedi S. Lawley
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.S.L.); (K.A.); (C.R.Y.); (C.J.W.)
| | - Katia Amstalden
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.S.L.); (K.A.); (C.R.Y.); (C.J.W.)
| | - Colin R. Young
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.S.L.); (K.A.); (C.R.Y.); (C.J.W.)
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - C. Jane Welsh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.S.L.); (K.A.); (C.R.Y.); (C.J.W.)
| | - Candice Brinkmeyer-Langford
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (K.S.L.); (K.A.); (C.R.Y.); (C.J.W.)
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8
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Yilmaz N, Yelboga Z, Yilmaz Y, Demirpence O. High mobility group box-1 levels in schizophrenia: Potential biomarker of remission phase. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:295-301. [PMID: 34177374 PMCID: PMC8199597 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-28108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder, characterized byacute exacerbation and remission phases. Immune system has a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is a macrophage secreted protein activating immune cells to produce cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate HMGB-1 levels among patients with schizophrenia both in acute exacerbation and remission phases. Methods: Consecutive schizophrenia patients in acute exacerbation and remission phases were enrolled and compared with each other and with age-sex matched healthy subjects. Patients were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Results: Mean HMGB-1 levels were not significantly different in acute exacerbation phase versus remission phase schizophrenia patients (2.139±0.564 g/L vs. 2.326± 0.471 g/L, p=0.335) and both were individually higher than the control group (1.791±0.444 g/L, p=0.05 for acute exacerbation vs control, p=0.002 for remission vs control). In remission phase schizophrenic patients, HMGB-1 levels were positively correlated with Scale For The Assessment of Positive Symptoms (r=0.447, p=0.015) and BPRS (r=0.397, p=0.033) scores and HMGB-1 levels were independently associated with BPRS. Conclusions: Serum HMGB-1 levels were shown to be increased in patients with schizophrenia patients irrespective of phase, there were no differences between patients in acute exacerbation and remission phase in terms of biomarker and HMGB-1 levels were related to symptom severity according to psychiatric scales among patients in remission phase of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuryil Yilmaz
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Yelboga
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Yilmaz
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Demirpence
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
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9
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Reale M, Costantini E, Greig NH. Cytokine Imbalance in Schizophrenia. From Research to Clinic: Potential Implications for Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:536257. [PMID: 33746786 PMCID: PMC7973221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.536257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are one of the most important components of the immune system. They orchestrate the brain's response to infectious and other exogenous insults and are crucial mediators of the cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that severe infections and autoimmune disorders, in addition to genetic predisposition, are risk factors for schizophrenia. Furthermore, maternal infection during pregnancy appears to increase the risk of schizophrenia, and proinflammatory cytokines may be negatively involved in the neurodevelopmental process. A cytokine imbalance has been described in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenia patients, particularly in the T helper type 1 [Th1] and type 2 [Th2] cytokines, albeit the results of such studies appear to be contradictory. Chronic stress, likewise, appears to contribute to a lasting proinflammatory state and likely also promotes the disorder. The aim of this mini-review is to investigate the roles of different cytokines in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and define how cytokines may represent key molecular targets to regulate for the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia. How current antipsychotic drugs impact cytokine networks is also evaluated. In this context, we propose to change the focus of schizophrenia from a traditionally defined brain disorder, to one that is substantially impacted by the periphery and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design and Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Momtazmanesh S, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rezaei N. Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Updated Review. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:892. [PMID: 31908647 PMCID: PMC6915198 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia, a multisystem disorder with an unknown etiology, is associated with several immune dysfunctions, including abnormal levels of circulating cytokines. In this review, we investigated the changes of cytokines in schizophrenic patients, their connection with behavioral symptoms severity and their potential clinical implications. We also assessed the possible causative role of abnormal cytokine levels in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Based on meta-analyses, we categorized cytokines according to their changes in schizophrenic patients into four groups: (1) increased cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, (2) non-altered cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17, (3) increased or non-altered cytokines, including IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and (4) IL-10 with increased, decreased, and non-altered levels. Notably, alterations in cytokines may be variable in four different categories of SP, including first-episode and drug-naïve, first-episode and non-drug-naïve, stable chronic, and chronic in acute relapse. Furthermore, disease duration, symptoms severity, incidence of aggression, and cognitive abilities are correlated with levels of certain cytokines. Clinical implications of investigating the levels of cytokine in schizophrenic patients include early diagnosis, novel therapeutic targets development, patient stratification for choosing the best therapeutic protocol, and predicting the prognosis and treatment response. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-2 are related to the treatment response. The available evidence shows a potential causative role for cytokines in schizophrenia development. There is a substantial need for studies investigating the levels of cytokines before disease development and delineating the therapeutic implications of the disrupted cytokine levels in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroimmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Neuroimmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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11
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Fares J, Fares Y. Cluster munitions: military use and civilian health hazards. Bull World Health Organ 2018; 96:584-585. [PMID: 30104799 PMCID: PMC6083390 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.202481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Wang X, Huang J, Zhu F. Human Endogenous Retroviral Envelope Protein Syncytin-1 and Inflammatory Abnormalities in Neuropsychological Diseases. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:422. [PMID: 30245643 PMCID: PMC6137383 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise approximately 8% of the human genome. Recent studies have considered HERVs as potential pathogenic factors. The majority of HERV genes are mutated and not capable of encoding functional proteins; regardless, some HERV genes, such as HERV-W envelope (env) glycoprotein, are known to have intact open reading frames. The HERV-W element on 7q21.2, which encodes a protein referred to as Syncytin-1, participates in human placental morphogenesis and can activate a pro-inflammatory and autoimmune cascade. Neuropsychological disorders are typically linked to inflammatory abnormalities. In this study, we review that Syncytin-1 has been increasingly involved in the development of neuropsychological disorders, such as schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis (MS). This study also presents inflammation imbalances in schizophrenia and MS. More importantly, we discuss the potential role and molecular mechanisms by which Syncytin-1 regulates inflammatory abnormalities in neuropsychological diseases. In summary, Syncytin-1 activity may represent a novel molecular pathogenic mechanism in neuropyschological diseases, such as schizophrenia and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Fares MY, Fares J, Baydoun H, Fares Y. Sport and exercise medicine research activity in the Arab world: a 15-year bibliometric analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2017; 3:e000292. [PMID: 29259813 PMCID: PMC5728261 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of sports in decreasing the prevalence of many diseases has led to a growing interest in the field of sport and exercise medicine. But sport and exercise medicine still remains new to the Arab world, waiting to be explored. The aim of this study is to describe and characterise sport and exercise medicine research activity in the Arab world between 2002 and 2016. Methods The PubMed database was used to search for publications related to sport and exercise medicine. Publications were classified according to the country of origin and filtered to include publications between 2002 and 2016. Research output was analysed with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and population of each country. Results A total of 1148 papers related to sport and exercise medicine were found to be published in the Arab countries between 2002 and 2016. Sport-and-exercise-medicine-related publications constituted 0.86% of the total biomedical research papers published in the Arab world and 0.49% of the world’s sport and exercise medicine literature. The number of sport-and-exercise-medicine-related publications per country ranged from zero to 352, with Qatar occupying the top spot. Tunisia ranked first with respect to publications per average GDP, while Qatar ranked first with respect to publications per average population. Comoros, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen were found to have no publications related to sport and exercise medicine. Conclusion Sport and exercise medicine is a novel field in the Arab world. Recognising the barriers facing sport and exercise medicine research and exploring them meticulously remains an essential part of the plan to improve the Arab world’s output and contribution in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Y Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jawad Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hasan Baydoun
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Fares J, Gebeily S, Saad M, Harati H, Nabha S, Said N, Kanso M, Abdel Rassoul R, Fares Y. Post-traumatic stress disorder in adult victims of cluster munitions in Lebanon: a 10-year longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017214. [PMID: 28821528 PMCID: PMC5724068 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the short-term and long-term prevalence and effects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of cluster munitions. DESIGN AND SETTING A prospective 10-year longitudinal study that took place in Lebanon. PARTICIPANTS Two-hundred-and-forty-four Lebanese civilian victims of submunition blasts, who were injured in 2006 and were over 18 years old, were interviewed. Included were participants who had been diagnosed with PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) and the PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version in 2006. Interviewees were present for the 10-year follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES PTSD prevalence rates of participants in 2006 and 2016 were compared. Analysis of the demographical data pertaining to the association of long-term PTSD with other variables was performed. p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant for all analyses (95% CI). RESULTS All the 244 civilians injured by cluster munitions in 2006 responded, and were present for long-term follow-up in 2016. The prevalence of PTSD decreased significantly from 98% to 43% after 10 years (p<0.001). A lower long-term prevalence was significantly associated with male sex (p<0.001), family support (p<0.001) and religion (p<0.001). Hospitalisation (p=0.005) and severe functional impairment (p<0.001) post-trauma were significantly associated with increased prevalence of long-term PTSD. Symptoms of negative cognition and mood were more common in the long run. In addition, job instability was the most frequent socioeconomic repercussion among the participants (88%). CONCLUSIONS Psychological symptoms, especially PTSD, remain high in war-affected populations many years after the war; this is particularly evident for Lebanese civilians who were victimised by cluster munitions. Screening programmes and psychological interventions need to be implemented in vulnerable populations exposed to war traumas. Officials and public health advocates should consider the socioeconomic implications, and help raise awareness against the harm induced by cluster munitions and similar weaponry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Gebeily
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Saad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Division of Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hayat Harati
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Nabha
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najwane Said
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Kanso
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ronza Abdel Rassoul
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- UMR 1141, Hôpital Robert Debré, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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15
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Fares J, Fares Y. The Role of Yoga in Relieving Medical Student Anxiety and Stress. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 8:202-4. [PMID: 27213148 PMCID: PMC4866480 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.179963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonE-mail: ; Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon E-mail:
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