1
|
Qiu Y, Gao T, Smith BR. Mechanical deformation and death of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3. [PMID: 38980581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The circulation of tumor cells through the bloodstream is a significant step in tumor metastasis. To better understand the metastatic process, circulating tumor cell (CTC) survival in the circulation must be explored. While immune interactions with CTCs in recent decades have been examined, research has yet to sufficiently explain some CTC behaviors in blood flow. Studies related to CTC mechanical responses in the bloodstream have recently been conducted to further study conditions under which CTCs might die. While experimental methods can assess the mechanical properties and death of CTCs, increasingly sophisticated computational models are being built to simulate the blood flow and CTC mechanical deformation under fluid shear stresses (FSS) in the bloodstream.Several factors contribute to the mechanical deformation and death of CTCs as they circulate. While FSS can damage CTC structure, diverse interactions between CTCs and blood components may either promote or hinder the next metastatic step-extravasation at a remote site. Overall understanding of how these factors influence the deformation and death of CTCs could serve as a basis for future experiments and simulations, enabling researchers to predict CTC death more accurately. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improved metastasis-specific therapeutics and diagnostics specific in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- The Institute for Quantitative Health Science & Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cai Q, He Y, Zhou Y, Zheng J, Deng J. Nanomaterial-Based Strategies for Preventing Tumor Metastasis by Interrupting the Metastatic Biological Processes. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303543. [PMID: 38411537 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The prevention of tumor metastasis has garnered notable interest and interrupting metastatic biological processes is considered a potential strategy for preventing tumor metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and premetastatic niche (PMN) play crucial roles in metastatic biological processes. These processes can be interrupted using nanomaterials due to their excellent physicochemical properties. However, most studies have focused on only one aspect of tumor metastasis. Here, the hypothesis that nanomaterials can be used to target metastatic biological processes and explore strategies to prevent tumor metastasis is highlighted. First, the metastatic biological processes and strategies involving nanomaterials acting on the TME, CTCs, and PMN to prevent tumor metastasis are briefly summarized. Further, the current challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in preventing tumor metastasis by interrupting metastatic biological processes are discussed. Nanomaterial-and multifunctional nanomaterial-based strategies for preventing tumor metastasis are advantageous for the long-term fight against tumor metastasis and their continued exploration will facilitate rapid progress in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of tumor metastasis. Novel perspectives are outlined for developing more effective strategies to prevent tumor metastasis, thereby improving the outcomes of patients with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjin Cai
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yijia He
- School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lopez-Cavestany M, Wright OA, Cassidy AM, Carter AT, King MR. Dual Affinity Nanoparticles for the Transport of Therapeutics from Carrier Cells to Target Cells under Physiological Flow Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42748-42761. [PMID: 38024679 PMCID: PMC10652824 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel two-stage nanoparticle delivery platform was developed based on the dual functionalization of a liposome with moieties that have fundamentally different strengths of adhesion and binding kinetics. The essential concept of this system is that the nanoparticles are designed to loosely bind to the carrier cell until they come into contact with the target cell, to which they bind with greater strength. This allows the nanoparticle to be transferred from one cell to another, circulating for longer periods of time in the blood and delivering the therapeutic agent to the target circulating tumor cell. Liposomes were prepared using the lipid cake and extrusion technique, then functionalized with E-selectin (ES), anti-cell surface vimentin antibody fragments, and TRAIL via click chemistry. The binding of dual affinity (DA) liposomes was confirmed with the neutrophil-like cell line PLB985, the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116, and healthy granulocytes isolated from peripheral whole blood under physiologically relevant fluid shear stress (FSS) in a cone-and-plate viscometer. Transfer of the DA liposomes from PLB985 to HCT116 cells under FSS was greater compared to all of the control liposome formulations. Additionally, DA liposomes demonstrated enhanced apoptotic effects on HCT116 cells in whole blood under FSS, surpassing the efficacy of the ES/TRAIL liposomes previously developed by the King Lab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopez-Cavestany
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Olivia A. Wright
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Ava M. Cassidy
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Alexandria T. Carter
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang W, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Gao M, Zhou H, Wang Z. M 6A-Mediated Upregulation of LINC00106 Promotes Stemness and Metastasis Properties of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Sponging Let7f. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:781867. [PMID: 34858996 PMCID: PMC8632228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibit the stemness property, which makes the patient with HCC prone to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Despite the prominent regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumor stemness, the roles and molecular mechanisms of LINC00106 in HCC are poorly understood. Methods: LINC00106, let7f and periostin expression levels in tissue specimens and cell lines were assessed through qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Various in vivo and in vitro assays, namely sphere/colony formation, proportion of side population cells (SP%), invasion, migration, western blot, and murine xenograft model were employed for assessing the stemness and metastatic properties of HCC cells. Luciferase reporter assays, RNA-seq, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were conducted to clarificate the target gene and analyze the underlying mechanisms. Results: LINC00106 was prominently upregulated in tissues and cell lines of HCC. Patients having a high LINC00106 level exhibited a poor outcome. Under in vivo and in vitro conditions, the stemness and metastatic properties of HCC cells were augmented by LINC00106. Additionally, LINC00106 was found to sponge let7f to upregulate periostin, which lead to the activation of periostin-associated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, m6A methylation was found to cause LINC00106 upregulation while maintaining LINC00106 RNA transcript stability. Conclusion: m6A methylation triggers the upregulation of LINC00106, which promotes the stemness and metastasis properties in HCC cells by sponging let7f, thereby resulting in periostin activation. The findings indicate the potential of LINC00106 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liang
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min Gao
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Haizhou Zhou
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zhenran Wang
- General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang YK, Busuttil RA, Boussioutas A. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5885. [PMID: 34884995 PMCID: PMC8656477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis is significantly associated with cancer mortality. Metastasis occurs via a series of integrated processes involving tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The innate immune components of the microenvironment have been shown to engage with tumor cells and not only regulate their proliferation and survival, but also modulate the surrounding environment to enable cancer progression. In the era of immune therapies, it is critical to understand how different innate immune cell populations are involved in this process. This review summarizes recent literature describing the roles of innate immune cells during the tumor metastatic cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Rita A. Busuttil
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang S, Li J, Chen M, Ren L, Feng W, Xu L, Chen X, Xia T, Zheng N, Liu S. Palladium nanoplates scotch breast cancer lung metastasis by constraining epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Natl Sci Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer deaths in many tumor types including breast cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the driving force for the occurrence and progression of metastasis, however, no targeted strategies to block the EMT program are currently available to combat metastasis. Diverse engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been reported to exert promising anti-cancer effects, however, no ENMs have been designed to target EMT. Palladium (Pd) nanomaterials, a type of ENM, have received substantial attention in nanomedicine due to their favorable photothermal performance for cancer therapeutics. Herein, Pd nanoplates (PdPL) were found to be preferentially biodistributed to both primary tumors and metastatic tumors. Importantly, PdPL showed a significant inhibition of lung metastasis with and without near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that EMT was significantly compromised in breast cancer cells upon the PdPL treatment, which was partially due to the inhibition of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling. Strikingly, the PdPL was found to directly interact with TGF-β proteins to diminish TGF-β functions in activating its downstream signaling, as evidenced by the reduced phosphorylation of Smad2. Notably, TGF-β-independent pathways were also involved in undermining EMT and other important biological processes that are necessary for metastasis. Additionally, NIR irradiation elicited synergistic effects on PdPL-induced inhibition of primary tumors and metastasis. In summary, these results revealed that the PdPL remarkably curbed metastasis by inhibiting EMT signaling, thereby indicating the promising potential of PdPL as a therapeutic agent for treating breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenya Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lining Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hope JM, Bersi MR, Dombroski JA, Clinch AB, Pereles RS, Merryman WD, King MR. Circulating prostate cancer cells have differential resistance to fluid shear stress-induced cell death. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.251470. [PMID: 33526716 PMCID: PMC7929932 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) of greater than 1000 dyn/cm2 (100 Pa) in circulation. Normally, CTCs that are exposed to FSS of this magnitude die. However, some CTCs develop resistance to this FSS, allowing them to colonize distant organs. We explored how prostate CTCs can resist cell death in response to forces of this magnitude. The DU145, PC3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines were used to represent cells of different metastatic origins. The cell lines were briefly treated with an average FSS of 3950 dyn/cm2 (395 Pa) using a 30 G needle and a syringe pump. DU145 cells had no change in cell viability, PC3 cells had some cell death and LNCaP cells exhibited significant cell death. These cell death responses correlated with increased cell membrane damage, less efficient membrane repair and increased stiffness. Additionally, FSS treatment prevented the LNCaP FSS-sensitive cell line from forming a growing tumor in vivo. This suggests that these properties play a role in FSS resistance and could represent potential targets for disrupting blood-borne metastasis. Summary: Prostate cancer cells have different sensitivities to fluid forces that alter their resistance to elevated blood flow-level fluid shear stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew R Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Andrea B Clinch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pereles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
El-Chami D, Al Haddad M, Abi-Habib R, El-Sibai M. Recombinant anthrax lethal toxin inhibits cell motility and invasion in breast cancer cells through the dysregulation of Rho GTPases. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:163. [PMID: 33552281 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death among women worldwide. Targeting breast cancer cell metastasis is an important therapeutic approach. The MAPK pathway is a key cell signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in cellular invasion and migration. Numerous studies have identified the MAPK pathway as a way to target cell survival and motility. The present study treated MBA-MD-231 breast cancer cells with anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), a potent MAPK inhibitor that selectively cleaves and inactivates all MEKs, as a potential therapeutic method to inhibit breast cancer cell migration. LeTx has been demonstrated to affect breast cancer cell migration. Cells treated with LeTx showed a significant decrease in motility, as observed using wound healing and random 2D motility assays. Additionally, cells treated with LeTx showed an increase in adhesion, which would explain the decrease in migration. Pull-down assays examining the activation status of the members of the Rho family of GTPases revealed an increase in RhoA activation accompanied by a decrease in Cdc42 activation following LeTx treatment. Finally, LeTx mediated a decrease in invasion using a Boyden chamber assay, which could be a result of the decrease in Cdc42 activation. The present study reported the effect of LeTx treatment on the migration, adhesion and invasion of breast cancer cells, demonstrating that this effect was associated with the dysregulation of the Rho GTPases, RhoA and Cdc42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana El-Chami
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Maria Al Haddad
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Ralph Abi-Habib
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hanamatsu Y, Saigo C, Kito Y, Takeuchi T. An obstructive role of NK cells on metastatic growth of clear-cell sarcoma cells in a xenoplant murine model. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 14:9. [PMID: 33262889 PMCID: PMC7690248 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) affects the deep soft tissues in young adults and is known to have high rates of metastasis, including lymphatic metastasis. In our previous study an xenoplant model of CCS was established, which exhibited local tumor growth, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis in SCID-Beige mice. In the current study, the role of NK cells during metastasis in the same xenoplant murine model was investigated. Injection of murine or human NK cells significantly suppressed the metastasis of HS-MM CCS cells in SCID-Beige mice. Notably, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated that injection of NK cells did not alter the mRNA expression levels of ERSR1-ATF1, which is specifically transcribed in CCS, in the buffy coat of circulating blood cells of HS-MM-xenoplanted SCID-Beige mice. BALB/c nude mice xenoplanted with HS-MM cells exhibited local growth without evident metastasis, whereas inoculation with the anti-asialo-GM1 antibody, which has previously been found to abolish NK-cell activity, resulted in metastasis of HS-MM cells in BALB/c nude mice. The injection of the anti-CD96 antibody, which increases the cytotoxicity of NK cells, significantly suppressed the metastasis of HS-MM cells in SCID-Beige mice. These results indicated that NK cells impaired the metastatic tumor microenvironments in the present mice xenoplant model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hanamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Chiemi Saigo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kito
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Research, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Williams AL, Fitzgerald JE, Ivich F, Sontag ED, Niedre M. Short-Term Circulating Tumor Cell Dynamics in Mouse Xenograft Models and Implications for Liquid Biopsy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:601085. [PMID: 33240820 PMCID: PMC7677561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.601085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are widely studied using liquid biopsy methods that analyze fractionally-small peripheral blood (PB) samples. However, little is known about natural fluctuations in CTC numbers that may occur over short timescales in vivo, and how these may affect detection and enumeration of rare CTCs from small blood samples. METHODS We recently developed an optical instrument called "diffuse in vivo flow cytometry" (DiFC) that uniquely allows continuous, non-invasive counting of rare, green fluorescent protein expressing CTCs in large blood vessels in mice. Here, we used DiFC to study short-term changes in CTC numbers in multiple myeloma and Lewis lung carcinoma xenograft models. We analyzed CTC detections in over 100 h of DiFC data, and considered intervals corresponding to approximately 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of the PB volume. In addition, we analyzed changes in CTC numbers over 24 h (diurnal) periods. RESULTS For rare CTCs (fewer than 1 CTC per ml of blood), the use of short DiFC intervals (corresponding to small PB samples) frequently resulted in no detections. For more abundant CTCs, CTC numbers frequently varied by an order of magnitude or more over the time-scales considered. This variance in CTC detections far exceeded that expected by Poisson statistics or by instrument variability. Rather, the data were consistent with significant changes in mean numbers of CTCs on the timescales of minutes and hours. CONCLUSIONS The observed temporal changes can be explained by known properties of CTCs, namely, the continuous shedding of CTCs from tumors and the short half-life of CTCs in blood. It follows that the number of cells in a blood sample are strongly impacted by the timing of the draw. The issue is likely to be compounded for multicellular CTC clusters or specific CTC subtypes, which are even more rare than single CTCs. However, we show that enumeration can in principle be improved by averaging multiple samples, analysis of larger volumes, or development of methods for enumeration of CTCs directly in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Fernando Ivich
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo D. Sontag
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark Niedre
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Background
The effect of anesthetic drugs on cancer outcomes remains unclear. This trial aimed to assess postoperative circulating tumor cell counts—an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer—to determine how anesthesia may indirectly affect prognosis. It was hypothesized that patients receiving sevoflurane would have higher postoperative tumor cell counts.
Methods
The parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted in two centers in Switzerland. Patients aged 18 to 85 yr without metastases and scheduled for primary breast cancer surgery were eligible. The patients were randomly assigned to either sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia. The patients and outcome assessors were blinded. The primary outcome was circulating tumor cell counts over time, assessed at three time points postoperatively (0, 48, and 72 h) by the CellSearch assay. Secondary outcomes included maximal circulating tumor cells value, positivity (cutoff: at least 1 and at least 5 tumor cells/7.5 ml blood), and the association between natural killer cell activity and tumor cell counts. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02005770).
Results
Between March 2014 and April 2018, 210 participants were enrolled, assigned to sevoflurane (n = 107) or propofol (n = 103) anesthesia, and eventually included in the analysis. Anesthesia type did not affect circulating tumor cell counts over time (median circulating tumor cell count [interquartile range]; for propofol: 1 [0 to 4] at 0 h, 1 [0 to 2] at 48 h, and 0 [0 to 1] at 72 h; and for sevoflurane: 1 [0 to 4] at 0 h, 0 [0 to 2] at 48 h, and 1 [0 to 2] at 72 h; rate ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.95 to 1.71]; P = 0.103) or positivity. In one secondary analysis, administrating sevoflurane led to a significant increase in maximal tumor cell counts postoperatively. There was no association between natural killer cell activity and circulating tumor cell counts.
Conclusions
In this randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of anesthesia on an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer, there was no difference between sevoflurane and propofol with respect to circulating tumor cell counts over time.
Editor’s Perspective
What We Already Know about This Topic
What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Collapse
|
12
|
Heterogeneity of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Identifying Metastatic Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051696. [PMID: 32121639 PMCID: PMC7084665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis being the main cause of breast cancer (BC) mortality represents the complex and multistage process. The entrance of tumor cells into the blood vessels and the appearance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seeding and colonizing distant tissues and organs are one of the key stages in the metastatic cascade. Like the primary tumor, CTCs are extremely heterogeneous and presented by clusters and individual cells which consist of phenotypically and genetically distinct subpopulations. However, among this diversity, only a small number of CTCs is able to survive in the bloodstream and to form metastases. The identification of the metastasis-initiating CTCs is believed to be a critical issue in developing therapeutic strategies against metastatic disease. In this review, we summarize the available literature addressing morphological, phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of CTCs and the molecular makeup of specific subpopulations associated with BC metastasis. Special attention is paid to the need for in vitro and in vivo studies to confirm the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of metastasis-associating CTCs. Finally, we consider treatment approaches that could be effective to eradicate metastatic CTCs and to prevent metastasis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Triantafillu UL, Park S, Kim Y. Fluid Shear Stress Induces Drug Resistance to Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel in the Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF7. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Lea Triantafillu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of Alabama Box 870203, Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
| | - Seungjo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of Alabama Box 870203, Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The University of Alabama Box 870203, Tuscaloosa AL 35487‐0203 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim YR, Yoo JK, Jeong CW, Choi JW. Selective killing of circulating tumor cells prevents metastasis and extends survival. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:114. [PMID: 30201021 PMCID: PMC6131899 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis is initiated by circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are considered to be a determining factor for the degree of metastasis and the survival of cancer patients. Although CTC-based diagnostic approaches are being rapidly developed, limited studies have proven the benefits of CTC elimination, with most studies providing only hypothetical inference because of the technical difficulty in examining the effects of CTC elimination in vivo. We modified photodynamic therapy to specifically eliminate green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing CTCs and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of CTC elimination. When circulating blood is illuminated with a blue laser (λ = 473 nm), the combination of GFP and photosensitizers induces a selective elimination of GFP-expressing CTCs, with limited effect on normal cells. In GFP-expressing cancer cell-infused or transplanted mice models, the treatment suppressed distant metastasis and extended the survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, CTCs are a core seed to be metastasized into secondary organs and elimination of CTCs may improve the survival of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Kim
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yuseong Sun Hospital, Daejeon, 34084, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ki Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life and Nano-pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qian C, Worrede-Mahdi A, Shen F, DiNatale A, Kaur R, Zhang Q, Cristofanilli M, Meucci O, Fatatis A. Impeding Circulating Tumor Cell Reseeding Decelerates Metastatic Progression and Potentiates Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1844-1854. [PMID: 30115759 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are commonly detected in the systemic blood of patients with cancer with metastatic tumors. However, the mechanisms controlling the viability of cancer cells in blood and length of time spent in circulation, as well as their potential for generating additional tumors are still undefined. Here, it is demonstrated that CX3CR1, a chemokine receptor, drives reseeding of breast CTCs to multiple organs. Antagonizing this receptor dramatically impairs the progression of breast cancer cells in a relevant model of human metastatic disease, by affecting both tumor growth and numerical expansion. Notably, therapeutic targeting of CX3CR1 prolongs CTC permanence in the blood, both promoting their spontaneous demise by apoptosis and counteracting metastatic reseeding. These effects lead to containment of metastatic progression and extended survival. Finally, targeting CX3CR1 improves blood exposure of CTCs to doxorubicin and in combination with docetaxel shows synergistic effects in containing overall tumor burden. IMPLICATIONS: The current findings shed light on CTCs reseeding dynamics and support the development of CX3CR1 antagonism as a viable strategy to counteract metastatic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Asurayya Worrede-Mahdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fei Shen
- Oncology Discovery, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony DiNatale
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh M, Venugopal C, Tokar T, Brown KR, McFarlane N, Bakhshinyan D, Vijayakumar T, Manoranjan B, Mahendram S, Vora P, Qazi M, Dhillon M, Tong A, Durrer K, Murty N, Hallet R, Hassell JA, Kaplan DR, Cutz JC, Jurisica I, Moffat J, Singh SK. RNAi screen identifies essential regulators of human brain metastasis-initiating cells. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:923-940. [PMID: 28766011 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are the most common brain tumor in adults and are a leading cause of cancer mortality. Metastatic lesions contain subclones derived from their primary lesion, yet their functional characterization is limited by a paucity of preclinical models accurately recapitulating the metastatic cascade, emphasizing the need for a novel approach to BM and their treatment. We identified a unique subset of stem-like cells from primary human patient brain metastases, termed brain metastasis-initiating cells (BMICs). We now establish a BMIC patient-derived xenotransplantation (PDXT) model as an investigative tool to comprehensively interrogate human BM. Using both in vitro and in vivo RNA interference screens of these BMIC models, we identified SPOCK1 and TWIST2 as essential BMIC regulators. SPOCK1 in particular is a novel regulator of BMIC self-renewal, modulating tumor initiation and metastasis from the lung to the brain. A prospective cohort of primary lung cancer specimens showed that SPOCK1 was overexpressed only in patients who ultimately developed BM. Protein-protein interaction network mapping between SPOCK1 and TWIST2 identified novel pathway interactors with significant prognostic value in lung cancer patients. Of these genes, INHBA, a TGF-β ligand found mutated in lung adenocarcinoma, showed reduced expression in BMICs with knockdown of SPOCK1. In conclusion, we have developed a useful preclinical model of BM, which has served to identify novel putative BMIC regulators, presenting potential therapeutic targets that block the metastatic process, and transform a uniformly fatal systemic disease into a locally controlled and eminently more treatable one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole McFarlane
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Thusyanth Vijayakumar
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Branavan Manoranjan
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sujeivan Mahendram
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Parvez Vora
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maleeha Qazi
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Manvir Dhillon
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Tong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathrin Durrer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naresh Murty
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robin Hallet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - David R Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Anatomic Pathology, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, IBM Life Sciences Discovery Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donnelly Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- MDCL 5027, Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen YC, Gowda R, Newswanger RK, Leibich P, Fell B, Rosenberg G, Robertson GP. Targeting cholesterol transport in circulating melanoma cells to inhibit metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:541-552. [PMID: 28685959 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent breakthroughs in targeted- and immune-based therapies, rapid development of drug resistance remains a hurdle for the long-term treatment of patients with melanoma. Targeting metastatically spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may provide an additional approach to manage melanoma. This study investigates whether targeting cholesterol transport in melanoma CTCs can retard metastasis development. Nanolipolee-007, the liposomal form of leelamine, reduced melanoma metastasis in both a novel in vitro flow system mimicking the circulating system and in experimental as well as spontaneous animal metastasis models, irrespective of the BRAF mutational status of the CTCs. Leelamine led to cholesterol trapping in lysosomes, which subsequently shut down receptor-mediated endocytosis, endosome trafficking, and inhibited the major oncogenic signaling cascades important for survival such as the AKT pathway. As pAKT is important in CTC survival, inhibition by targeting cholesterol metabolism led to apoptosis, suggesting this approach might be particularly effective for those CTCs having high levels of pAKT to aid survival in the circulation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raymond K Newswanger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Leibich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Barry Fell
- Thermoplastic Products Corporation, Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | - Gerson Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Hershey Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nedosekin DA, Fahmi T, Nima ZA, Nolan J, Cai C, Sarimollaoglu M, Dervishi E, Basnakian A, Biris AS, Zharov VP. Photoacoustic in vitro flow cytometry for nanomaterial research. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 6:16-25. [PMID: 28417068 PMCID: PMC5387917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometry is a versatile tool for drug research and cell characterization. However, it is poorly suited for quantification of non-fluorescent proteins and artificial nanomaterials without the use of additional labeling. The rapid growth of biomedical applications for small non-fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and contrast and therapy enhancement, as well as research focused on natural cell pigments and chromophores, demands high-throughput quantification methods for the non-fluorescent components. In this work, we present a novel photoacoustic (PA) fluorescence flow cytometry (PAFFC) platform that combines NP quantification though PA detection with conventional in vitro flow cytometry sample characterization using fluorescence labeling. PAFFC simplifies high-throughput analysis of cell-NP interactions, optimization of targeted nanodrugs, and NP toxicity assessment, providing a direct correlation between NP uptake and characterization of toxicity markers for every cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Tariq Fahmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
- National Toxicology Research Center, U.S. Foods and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72132, United States
| | - Zeid A. Nima
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Jacqueline Nolan
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Chengzhong Cai
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
- National Toxicology Research Center, U.S. Foods and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72132, United States
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Enkeleda Dervishi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, United States
| | - Alexei Basnakian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, United States
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yadavalli S, Jayaram S, Manda SS, Madugundu AK, Nayakanti DS, Tan TZ, Bhat R, Rangarajan A, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Thiery JP, Kumar P. Data-Driven Discovery of Extravasation Pathway in Circulating Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43710. [PMID: 28262832 PMCID: PMC5337960 DOI: 10.1038/srep43710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in cancer dissemination and provide a promising source of blood-based markers. Understanding the spectrum of transcriptional profiles of CTCs and their corresponding regulatory mechanisms will allow for a more robust analysis of CTC phenotypes. The current challenge in CTC research is the acquisition of useful clinical information from the multitude of high-throughput studies. To gain a deeper understanding of CTC heterogeneity and identify genes, pathways and processes that are consistently affected across tumors, we mined the literature for gene expression profiles in CTCs. Through in silico analysis and the integration of CTC-specific genes, we found highly significant biological mechanisms and regulatory processes acting in CTCs across various cancers, with a particular enrichment of the leukocyte extravasation pathway. This pathway appears to play a pivotal role in the migration of CTCs to distant metastatic sites. We find that CTCs from multiple cancers express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers in varying amounts, which is suggestive of dynamic and hybrid states along the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) spectrum. Targeting the specific molecular nodes to monitor disease and therapeutic control of CTCs in real time will likely improve the clinical management of cancer progression and metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Yadavalli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - S. Jayaram
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - S. S. Manda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - A. K. Madugundu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Center for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - D. S. Nayakanti
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | - T. Z. Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - R. Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - A. Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - A. Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - H. Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- YU-IOB Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - J. P. Thiery
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
- CNRS UMR 7057, Matter and Complex Systems, Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - P. Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Matthew EM, Zhou L, Yang Z, Dicker DT, Holder SL, Lim B, Harouaka R, Zheng SY, Drabick JJ, Lamparella NE, Truica CI, El-Deiry WS. A multiplexed marker-based algorithm for diagnosis of carcinoma of unknown primary using circulating tumor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3662-76. [PMID: 26695546 PMCID: PMC4826160 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time, single-cell multiplex immunophenotyping of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is hypothesized to inform diagnosis of tissue of origin in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP). In 20 to 50% of CUP patients, the primary site remains unidentified, presenting a challenge for clinicians in diagnosis and treatment. We developed a post-CellSearch CTC assay using multiplexed Q-dot or DyLight conjugated antibodies with the goal of detecting multiple markers in single cells within a CTC population. We adapted our approach to size-based CTC enrichment protocols for capturing CTCs and subsequent immunofluorescence (IF) using a minimal set of markers to predict the primary sites for common metastatic tumors. The carcinomas are characterized with cytokeratin 7 (CK7), cytokeratin 20 (CK20), thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), estrogen receptor (ER) or prostate-specific antigen (PSA. IF has been optimized in cultured tumor cells with individual antibodies, then with conjugated antibodies to form a multiplex antibody set. With IF, we evaluated antibodies specific to these 5 markers in lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer cell lines and blood from metastatic prostate and breast cancer patients. This advanced technology provides a noninvasive, diagnostic blood test as an adjunct to routine tissue biopsy. Its further implementation requires prospective clinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Matthew
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhaohai Yang
- Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David T Dicker
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon L Holder
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramdane Harouaka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Si-Yang Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joseph J Drabick
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas E Lamparella
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Cristina I Truica
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA, USA.,Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia P, Song CL, Liu JF, Wang D, Xu XY. Prognostic value of circulating CD133(+) cells in patients with gastric cancer. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:311-7. [PMID: 25727099 PMCID: PMC6496317 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer is an important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide (1). There is increasing evidence that the existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) is responsible for tumour formation and maintenance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was designed to recognise circulating CSCs from blood samples of patients with gastric cancer, using CD133 and ABCG2 as potential markers. CD133(-) , CD133(+) ABCG2(-) and CD133(+) ABCG2(+) cells lines were analysed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting and real-time PCR. Furthermore, functional assays (clonogenic assay in vitro and tumourigenic assay in vivo) were also performed using these cell lines. RESULTS Higher percentages of CD133(+) cells were identified in blood samples from gastric cancer patients compared to normal controls. In addition, we found by using Kaplan-Meier analysis, that numbers of CD133(+) cells correlated with poor prognosis gastric cancer patients. Finally, tumourigenic properties of CD133(+) ABCG2(+) cells were determined in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that CD133(+) ABCG2(+) cells exhibited well-known CSC characteristics; thus when circulating they could be used as a prognostic marker for gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121000, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Allegra A, Alonci A, Penna G, Innao V, Gerace D, Rotondo F, Musolino C. The cancer stem cell hypothesis: a guide to potential molecular targets. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:470-95. [PMID: 25254602 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.958231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common cancer theories hold that tumor is an uncontrolled somatic cell proliferation caused by the progressive addition of random mutations in critical genes that control cell growth. Nevertheless, various contradictions related to the mutation theory have been reported previously. These events may be elucidated by the persistence of residual tumor cells, called Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) responsible for tumorigenesis, tumor maintenance, tumor spread, and tumor relapse. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of CSCs, with a focus on the possibility to identify specific markers of CSCs, and discuss the clinical application of targeting CSCs for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
23
|
Denes V, Lakk M, Makarovskiy A, Jakso P, Szappanos S, Graf L, Mandel L, Karadi I, Geck P. Metastasis blood test by flow cytometry:In vivocancer spheroids and the role of hypoxia. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1528-36. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Denes
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Monika Lakk
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | | | - Pal Jakso
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Szappanos
- Department of Oncotherapy; School of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Laszlo Graf
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1125 Hungary
| | - Laszlo Mandel
- Department of Oncotherapy; School of Medicine, University of Pécs; Pécs 7624 Hungary
| | - Istvan Karadi
- Department of Internal Medicine III; Semmelweis University; Budapest 1125 Hungary
| | - Peter Geck
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Mitra R, Goodman OB, Le TT. Enhanced detection of metastatic prostate cancer cells in human plasma with lipid bodies staining. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:91. [PMID: 24528787 PMCID: PMC3931481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reprogramming of energy metabolism of malignant cancer cells confers competitive advantage in growth environments with limited resources. However, not every process of cancer development is associated with competition for resources. During hematogenous transport, cancer cells are exposed to high levels of oxygen and nutrients. Does energy metabolism of cancer cells change as a function of exposure to the bloodstream? Could such changes be exploited to improve the detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC)? These questions have clinical significance, but have not yet been sufficiently examined. METHODS The energy metabolism was examined as a function of incubation in nutrient-rich plasma in prostate metastatic cancer cells LNCaP and non-transformed prostate epithelial cells RWPE1. Uptake kinetics of a fluorescent glucose analog (2-NBD) and lipophilic dyes (DiD & Bodipy) were measured in both cell lines, as well as in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS LNCaP cells exhibited hyper-acetylation of low molecular weight proteins compared to RWPE1 cells. Following plasma incubation, protein lysine acetylation profile was unchanged for LNCaP cells while significantly altered for RWPE1 cells. O-linked glycosylated protein profiles were different between LNCaP and RWPE1 cells and varied in both cell lines with plasma incubation. Maximal respiration or glycolytic capacities was unchanged in LNCaP cells and impaired in RWPE1 cells following plasma incubation. However, the uptake rates of 2-NBD and DiD were insufficient for discrimination of LNCaP, or RWPE1 cells from PBMC. On the other hand, both RWPE1 and LNCaP cells exhibited intracellular lipid bodies following plasma incubation; whereas, PBMC did not. The presence of lipid bodies in LNCaP cells permitted retention of Bodipy dye and allowed discrimination of LNCaP cells from PBMC with flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Despite clear differences in energy metabolism, metastatic prostate cancer cells could not be efficiently distinguished from non-transformed prostate epithelial cells using fluorescent glucose or lipid uptake kinetics. However, metastatic prostate cancer cells in plasma could be clearly distinguished from blood nucleated cells due to the presence of intracellular lipid bodies. Fluorescent labeling of lipid bodies permitted a simple and sensitive means for high throughput detection of metastatic prostate cancer cells in human plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar B Goodman
- Roseman University of Health Sciences, 11 Sunset Way, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gao Y, Yuan Z. Nanotechnology for the detection and kill of circulating tumor cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:500. [PMID: 25258614 PMCID: PMC4174536 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a surrogate biomarker of hematogenous metastases and thus could be considered as a 'liquid biopsy' which reveals metastasis in action. But it is absolutely a challenge to detect CTCs due to their extreme rarity. At present, the most common principle is to take advantage of the epithelial surface markers of CTCs which attach to a specific antibody. Antibody-magnetic nanobeads combine with the epithelial surface markers, and then the compound is processed by washing, separation, and detection. However, a proportion of CTC antigen expressions are down-regulated or lost in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and thus, this part of CTCs cannot be detected by classical detection methods such as CellSearch. To resolve this problem, some multiple-marker CTC detections have been developed rapidly. Additionally, nanotechnology is a promising approach to kill CTCs with high efficiency. Implantable nanotubes coated with apoptosis-promoting molecules improve the disease-free survival and overall survival. The review introduces some novel CTC detection techniques and therapeutic methods by virtue of nanotechnology to provide a better knowledge of the progress about CTC study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hamilton KE, Noubissi FK, Katti PS, Hahn CM, Davey SR, Lundsmith ET, Klein-Szanto AJ, Rhim AD, Spiegelman VS, Rustgi AK. IMP1 promotes tumor growth, dissemination and a tumor-initiating cell phenotype in colorectal cancer cell xenografts. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2647-54. [PMID: 23764754 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Igf2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IMP1, CRD-BP, ZBP-1) is a messenger RNA binding protein that we have shown previously to regulate colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, increased IMP1 expression correlates with enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis in CRC patients. In the current study, we sought to elucidate IMP1-mediated functions in CRC pathogenesis in vivo. Using CRC cell xenografts, we demonstrate that IMP1 overexpression promotes xenograft tumor growth and dissemination into the blood. Furthermore, intestine-specific knockdown of Imp1 dramatically reduces tumor number in the Apc (Min/+) mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis. In addition, IMP1 knockdown xenografts exhibit a reduced number of tumor cells entering the circulation, suggesting that IMP1 may directly modulate this early metastatic event. We further demonstrate that IMP1 overexpression decreases E-cadherin expression, promotes survival of single tumor cell-derived colonospheres and promotes enrichment and maintenance of a population of CD24+CD44+ cells, signifying that IMP1 overexpressing cells display evidence of loss of epithelial identity and enhancement of a tumor-initiating cell phenotype. Taken together, these findings implicate IMP1 as a modulator of tumor growth and provide evidence for a novel role of IMP1 in early events in CRC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Hamilton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jain J, Veggiani G, Howarth M. Cholesterol loading and ultrastable protein interactions determine the level of tumor marker required for optimal isolation of cancer cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2310-21. [PMID: 23378340 PMCID: PMC3618857 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell isolation via antibody-targeted magnetic beads is a powerful tool for research and clinical applications, most recently for isolating circulating tumor cells (CTC). Nonetheless fundamental features of the cell-bead interface are still unknown. Here we apply a clinically relevant antibody against the cancer target HER2 (ErbB2) for magnetic cell isolation. We investigate how many target proteins per cell are sufficient for a cell to be isolated. To understand the importance of primary antibody affinity, we compared a series of point mutants with known affinities and show that even starting with subnanomolar affinity, improving antibody affinity improved cell isolation. To test the importance of the connection between the primary antibody and the magnetic bead, we compared bridging the antibody to the beads with Protein L, secondary antibody, or streptavidin: the high-stability streptavidin-biotin linkage improved sensitivity by an order of magnitude. Cytoskeletal polymerization did not have a major effect on cell isolation, but isolation was inhibited by cholesterol depletion and enhanced by cholesterol loading of cells. Analyzing a panel of human cancer cell lines spanning a wide range of expression showed that the standard approach could only isolate the highest expressing cells. However, our optimization of cholesterol level, primary antibody affinity, and antibody-bead linkage allowed efficient and specific isolation of cells expressing low levels of HER2 or epithelial cell adhesion molecule. These insights should guide future approaches to cell isolation, either magnetically or using other means, and extend the range of cellular antigens and biomarkers that can be targeted for CTC isolation in cancer research and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gianluca Veggiani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Modery-Pawlowski CL, Master AM, Pan V, Howard G, Gupta AS. A platelet-mimetic paradigm for metastasis-targeted nanomedicine platforms. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:910-9. [PMID: 23360320 PMCID: PMC3690560 DOI: 10.1021/bm301996p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that, beyond their traditional role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets play a significant role in mediating hematologic mechanisms of tumor metastasis by directly and indirectly interacting with pro-metastatic cancer cells. With this rationale, we hypothesized that platelets can be an effective paradigm to develop nanomedicine platforms that utilize platelet-mimetic interaction mechanisms for targeted diagnosis and therapy of metastatic cancer cells. Here we report on our investigation of the development of nanoconstructs that interact with metastatic cancer cells via platelet-mimetic heteromultivalent ligand-receptor pathways. For our studies, pro-metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was studied for its surface expression of platelet-interactive receptors, in comparison to another low-metastatic human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Certain platelet-interactive receptors were found to be significantly overexpressed on the MDA-MB-231 cells, and these cells showed significantly enhanced binding interactions with active platelets compared to MCF-7 cells. Based upon these observations, two specific receptor interactions were selected, and corresponding ligands were engineered onto the surface of liposomes as model nanoconstructs, to enable platelet-mimetic binding to the cancer cells. Our model platelet-mimetic liposomal constructs showed enhanced targeting and attachment of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the MCF-7 cells. These results demonstrate the promise of utilizing platelet-mimetic constructs in modifying nanovehicle constructs for metastasis-targeted drug as well as modifying surfaces for ex-vivo cell enrichment diagnostic technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christa L. Modery-Pawlowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alyssa M. Master
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Victor Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gregory Howard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Anirban Sen Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
King MR. Rolling in the deep: therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells. Front Oncol 2012; 2:184. [PMID: 23226682 PMCID: PMC3509341 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|