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Viswan NA, Bhalla US. Understanding molecular signaling cascades in neural disease using multi-resolution models. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 83:102808. [PMID: 37972535 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
If the genome defines the program for the operations of a cell, signaling networks execute it. These cascades of chemical, cell-biological, structural, and trafficking events span milliseconds (e.g., synaptic release) to potentially a lifetime (e.g., stabilization of dendritic spines). In principle almost every aspect of neuronal function, particularly at the synapse, depends on signaling. Thus dysfunction of these cascades, whether through mutations, local dysregulation, or infection, leads to disease. The sheer complexity of these pathways is matched by the range of diseases and the diversity of their phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how to build computational models, how these models are essential to tackle this complexity, and the benefits of using families of models at different levels of detail to understand signaling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Ann Viswan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India; The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India. https://twitter.com/nishanna
| | - Upinder Singh Bhalla
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India.
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2
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Skóra B, Masicz M, Nowak P, Lachowska J, Sołtysek P, Biskup J, Matuszewska P, Szychowski KA. Suppression of sonic hedgehog pathway-based proliferation in glioblastoma cells by small-size silver nanoparticles in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2385-2398. [PMID: 37407723 PMCID: PMC10404180 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBs) are one of the most aggressive and invasive intracranial cancers. Recently, it has been postulated that, among other factors, the hedgehog (HH) pathway may be a key factor in this phenomenon. Moreover, it has been reported that small-size silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are characterized by a high cytotoxic effect towards GBs. However, their effect on the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway has never been demonstrated in any cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the anti-proliferative properties of 5-nm AgNPs on the SHH pathway in the GB cell line (U-87MG) in vitro. The results showed a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the metabolic activity in the U-87MG cells treated with AgNPs, with IC50 reaching 30.41 and 21.16 µg/mL after 24 h and 48 h, respectively, followed by an increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The co-treatment of the cells with AgNPs and Robotnikinin (SHH inhibitor) abolished and/or strengthened the effect of AgNPs, especially on the SHH mRNA levels and on the PCNA, PTCH1, Gli1, and SUFU protein levels. Interestingly, no changes in the level of ERK1/2, Akt, and SRC kinase protein expression were detected, suggesting a direct impact of AgNPs and/or ROS on the inhibition of the canonical SHH pathway. However, more studies are needed due to the increase in the mTOR protein expression after the treatment of the cells with AgNPs, as in the Robotnikinin treatment. In conclusion, small-size AgNPs are able to inhibit the proliferation of GB cells in vitro by suppressing the canonical SHH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Martyna Masicz
- Medical Biotechnology Student's Science Group "Helisa", Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Nowak
- Medical Biotechnology Student's Science Group "Helisa", Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Lachowska
- Medical Biotechnology Student's Science Group "Helisa", Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Sołtysek
- Medical Biotechnology Student's Science Group "Helisa", Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Justyna Biskup
- Medical Biotechnology Student's Science Group "Helisa", Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Paulina Matuszewska
- Medical Biotechnology Student's Science Group "Helisa", Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
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3
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Dreyer CA, VanderVorst K, Natwick D, Bell G, Sood P, Hernandez M, Angelastro JM, Collins SR, Carraway KL. A complex of Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling components Vangl1 and Fzd7 drives glioblastoma multiforme malignant properties. Cancer Lett 2023; 567:216280. [PMID: 37336284 PMCID: PMC10582999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeting common oncogenic drivers of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in patients has remained largely ineffective, raising the possibility that alternative pathways may contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Here we demonstrate that Vangl1 and Fzd7, components of the non-canonical Wnt planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling pathway, promote GBM malignancy by driving cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness, and engage Rho GTPases to promote cytoskeletal rearrangements and actin dynamics in migrating GBM cells. Mechanistically, we uncover the existence of a novel Vangl1/Fzd7 complex at the leading edge of migrating GBM cells and propose that this complex is critical for the recruitment of downstream effectors to promote tumor progression. Moreover, we observe that depletion of FZD7 results in a striking suppression of tumor growth and latency and extends overall survival in an intracranial mouse xenograft model. Our observations support a novel mechanism by which Wnt/PCP components Vangl1 and Fzd7 form a complex at the leading edge of migratory GBM cells to engage downstream effectors that promote actin cytoskeletal rearrangements dynamics. Our findings suggest that interference with Wnt/PCP pathway function may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for patients diagnosed with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dean Natwick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - George Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Prachi Sood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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4
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Behrooz AB, Latifi-Navid H, Nezhadi A, Świat M, Los M, Jamalpoor Z, Ghavami S. Molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119482. [PMID: 37146725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is human's most prevalent and severe brain cancer. Epigenetic regulators, micro(mi)RNAs, significantly impact cellular health and disease because of their wide range of targets and functions. The "epigenetic symphony" in which miRNAs perform is responsible for orchestrating the transcription of genetic information. The discovery of regulatory miRNA activities in GBM biology has shown that various miRNAs play a vital role in disease onset and development. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the interactions between miRNAs and molecular mechanisms commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis. Moreover, by literature review and reconstruction of the GBM gene regulatory network, we uncovered the connection between miRNAs and critical signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, invasion, and cell death, which provides promising hints for identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. In addition, the role of miRNAs in GBM patient survival was investigated. The present review, which contains new analyses of the previous literature, may lead to new avenues to explore in the future for the development of multitargeted miRNA-based therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Świat
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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5
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Temizci B, Kucukvardar S, Karabay A. Spastin Promotes the Migration and Invasion Capability of T98G Glioblastoma Cells by Interacting with Pin1 through Its Microtubule-Binding Domain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030427. [PMID: 36766769 PMCID: PMC9913556 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-severing protein Spastin has been shown to co-localize with actin in migratory glioblastoma cells and is linked to glioblastomas' migration and invasion capacity. However, the effectiveness of Spastin in glioblastoma migration and the molecular mechanism underpinning the orientation of Spastin towards actin filaments remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Spastin plays an active role in glioblastoma migration by showing a reduced migratory potential of T98G glioblastoma cells using real-time cell analysis (RTCA) in Spastin-depleted cells. Pull-down assays revealed that a cis-trans isomerase Pin1 interacts with Spastin through binding to the phosphorylated Pin1 recognition motifs in the microtubule-binding domain (MBD), and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that interaction with Pin1 directs Spastin to actin filaments in extended cell regions. Consequently, by utilizing RTCA, we proved that the migration and invasion capacity of T98G glioblastoma cells significantly increased with the overexpression of Spastin, of which the Pin1 recognition motifs in MBD are constitutively phosphorylated, while the overexpression of phospho-mutant form did not have a significant effect on migration and invasion of T98G glioblastoma cells. These findings demonstrate that Pin1 is a novel interaction partner of Spastin, and their interaction drives Spastin to actin filaments, allowing Spastin to contribute to the glioblastomas' migration and invasion abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benan Temizci
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seren Kucukvardar
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karabay
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-212-285-7257
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Kim H, Jo S, Kim IG, Kim RK, Kahm YJ, Jung SH, Lee JH. Effect of Copper Chelators via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway on Glioblastoma Cell Invasion. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248851. [PMID: 36557987 PMCID: PMC9784955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fast-growing and aggressive type of brain cancer. Unlike normal brain cells, GBM cells exhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a crucial biological process in embryonic development and cell metastasis, and are highly invasive. Copper reportedly plays a critical role in the progression of a variety of cancers, including brain, breast, and lung cancers. However, excessive copper is toxic to cells. D-penicillamine (DPA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are well-known copper chelators and are the mainstay of treatment for copper-associated diseases. Following treatment with copper sulfate and DPA, GBM cells showed inhibition of proliferation and suppression of EMT properties, including reduced expression levels of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Zeb, which are cell markers associated with EMT. In contrast, treatment with copper sulfate and TETA yielded the opposite effects in GBM. Genes, including TGF-β, are associated with an increase in copper levels, implying their role in EMT. To analyze the invasion and spread of GBM, we used zebrafish embryos xenografted with the GBM cell line U87. The invasion of GBM cells into zebrafish embryos was markedly inhibited by copper treatment with DPA. Our findings suggest that treatment with copper and DPA inhibits proliferation and EMT through a mechanism involving TGF-β/Smad signaling in GBM. Therefore, DPA, but not TETA, could be used as adjuvant therapy for GBM with high copper concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heabin Kim
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Jo
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jee Kahm
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Safety Assessment Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.J.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-950-0919 (S.-H.J.); +82-41-950-0917 (J.H.L.); Fax: +82-41-950-0951 (S.-H.J.); +82-41-950-0951 (J.H.L.)
| | - Jei Ha Lee
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-H.J.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +82-41-950-0919 (S.-H.J.); +82-41-950-0917 (J.H.L.); Fax: +82-41-950-0951 (S.-H.J.); +82-41-950-0951 (J.H.L.)
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7
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Kim Y, Lee J, Lee C, Lawler S. Role of senescent tumor cells in building a cytokine shield in the tumor microenvironment: mathematical modeling. J Math Biol 2022; 86:14. [PMID: 36512100 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence can induce dual effects (promotion or inhibition) on cancer progression. While immune cells naturally respond and migrate toward various chemotactic sources from the tumor mass, various factors including senescent tumor cells (STCs) in the tumor microenvironment may affect this chemotactic movement. In this work, we investigate the mutual interactions between the tumor cells and the immune cells that either inhibit or facilitate tumor growth by developing a mathematical model that consists of taxis-reaction-diffusion equations and receptor kinetics for the key players in the interaction network. We apply a mathematical model to a transwell Boyden chamber invasion assay used in the experiments to illustrate that STCs can play a pivotal role in negating immune attack through tight regulation of intra- and extra-cellular signaling molecules. In particular, we show that senescent tumor cells in cell cycle arrest can block intratumoral infiltration of CD8+ T cells by secreting a high level of CXCL12, which leads to significant reduction its receptors, CXCR4, on T cells, and thus impaired chemotaxis. The predictions of nonlinear responses to CXCL12 were in good agreement with experimental data. We tested several hypotheses on immune-tumor interactions under various biochemical conditions in the tumor microenvironment and developed new concepts for anti-tumor strategies targeting senescence induced immune impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Inhibition of MZF1/c-MYC Axis by Cantharidin Impairs Cell Proliferation in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314727. [PMID: 36499054 PMCID: PMC9740304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1), also known as zinc finger protein 42, is a zinc finger transcription factor, belonging to the Krüppel-like family that has been implicated in several types of malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). MZF1 is reportedly an oncogenic gene that promotes tumor progression. Moreover, higher expression of MZF1 has been associated with a worse overall survival rate among patients with GBM. Thus, MZF1 may be a promising target for therapeutic interventions. Cantharidin (CTD) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to induce apoptosis and inhibit cancer cell proliferation; however, the mechanism by which CTD inhibits cell proliferation remains unclear. In this study, we found that the expression of MZF1 was higher in GBM tissues than in adjacent normal tissues and low-grade gliomas. Additionally, the patient-derived GBM cells and GBM cell lines presented higher levels of MZF1 than normal human astrocytes. We demonstrated that CTD had greater anti-proliferative effects on GBM than a derivative of CTD, norcantharidin (NCTD). MZF1 expression was strongly suppressed by CTD treatment. Furthermore, MZF1 enhanced the proliferation of GBM cells and upregulated the expression of c-MYC, whereas these effects were reversed by CTD treatment. The results of our study suggest that CTD may be a promising therapeutic agent for patients with GBM and suggest a promising direction for further investigation.
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Peris-Celda M, Carrión-Navarro J, Palacín-Aliana I, Sánchez-Gómez P, Acín RP, Garcia-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Suppressor of fused associates with dissemination patterns in patients with glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:923681. [PMID: 36091108 PMCID: PMC9450955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.923681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common brain tumors, which present poor prognosis, due, in part, to tumor cell migration and infiltration into distant brain areas. However, the underlying mechanisms causing such effects are unknown. Hedgehog (HH)–Gli axis is one of the signaling pathways involved, with a high number of molecular mediators. In this study, we investigated the association between HH-Gli intermediates and clinical parameters. We found that high levels of SuFu are associated with high dissemination patterns in patients with glioma. Therefore, we analyzed SuFu expression data in three glioma cohorts of surgical samples (N =1,759) and modified its expression in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells (GB CSC) in vitro models. Our data reveal that SuFu overexpression increases cancer stemness properties together with a migratory phenotype. This work identifies SuFu as a new molecular player in glioma cell migration and a promising target to develop blocking agents to decrease GB dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Peris-Celda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Irina Palacín-Aliana
- Atrys Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundación de Investigación HM-Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Science, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Gómez
- Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades crónicas (UFIEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Prat Acín
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemi Garcia-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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de los Reyes AA, Kim Y. Optimal regulation of tumour-associated neutrophils in cancer progression. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:210705. [PMID: 35127110 PMCID: PMC8808100 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In a tumour microenvironment, tumour-associated neutrophils could display two opposing differential phenotypes: anti-tumour (N1) and pro-tumour (N2) effector cells. Converting N2 to N1 neutrophils provides innovative therapies for cancer treatment. In this study, a mathematical model for N1-N2 dynamics describing the cancer survival and immune inhibition in response to TGF-β and IFN-β is considered. The effects of exogenous intervention of TGF-β inhibitor and IFN-β are examined in order to enhance N1 recruitment to combat tumour progression. Our approach employs optimal control theory to determine drug infusion protocols that could minimize tumour volume with least administration cost possible. Four optimal control scenarios corresponding to different therapeutic strategies are explored, namely, TGF-β inhibitor control only, IFN-β control only, concomitant TGF-β inhibitor and IFN-β controls, and alternating TGF-β inhibitor and IFN-β controls. For each scheme, different initial conditions are varied to depict different pathophysiological condition of a cancer patient, leading to adaptive treatment schedule. TGF-β inhibitor and IFN-β drug dosages, total drug amount, infusion times and relative cost of drug administrations are obtained under various circumstances. The control strategies achieved could guide in designing individualized therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio A. de los Reyes
- Biomedical Mathematics Group, Pioneer Research Center for Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Atorvastatin-mediated rescue of cancer-related cognitive changes in combined anticancer therapies. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009457. [PMID: 34669701 PMCID: PMC8559965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute administration of trastuzumab (TZB) may induce various forms of cognitive impairment. These cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC) are regulated by an adverse biological process involving cancer stem cells (CSCs) and IL-6. Recent studies have reported that atorvastatin (ATV) may change the dynamic of cognitive impairment in a combination (TZB+ATV) therapy. In this study, we investigate the mutual interactions between cancer stem cells and the tumor cells that facilitate cognitive impairment during long term TZB therapy by developing a mathematical model that involves IL-6 and the key apoptotic regulation. These include the densities of tumor cells and CSCs, and the concentrations of intracellular signaling molecules (NFκB, Bcl-2, BAX). We apply the mathematical model to a single or combination (ATV+TZB) therapy used in the experiments to demonstrate that the CSCs can enhance CRCC by secreting IL-6 and ATV may interfere the whole regulation. We show that the model can both reproduce the major experimental observation on onset and prevention of CRCC, and suggest several important predictions to guide future experiments with the goal of the development of new anti-tumor and anti-CRCC strategies. Moreover, using this model, we investigate the fundamental mechanism of onset of cognitive impairment in TZB-treated patients and the impact of alternating therapies on the anti-tumor efficacy and intracellular response to different treatment schedules. A conventional drug, trastuzumab (TZB), was shown to be an effective weapon in killing cancer cells in brain. However, long term treatment of TZB increases the proportion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME) and induces up-regulation of pro-tumoral molecules such as IL-6 in TME. These cancer cells then become more resistant to this chemotherapy through the IL-mediated up-regulation of NFκB and CSCs. More importantly, these changes in TME result in a serious side effect, cognitive impairment called cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC). The detailed mechanism of CRCC is still poorly understood. However, cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment can have long-term or delayed mental changes. In this study, we investigated the fundamental mechanism of CRCC in cancer patients based on experiments and a mathematical model that describes how tumor cells interact with CSCs in response to chemo drugs. In particular, we investigate how TZB-induced CSCs with modified IL-6 landscapes shape the cognitive functions in cancer patients. We showed that the combination treatment with another drug, atorvastatin (ATV), can abrogate the TZB-induced CRCC and enhance the survival probability of cancer patients by synergistic anti-tumor effect. We demonstrate that the cognitive functions and survival rates in cancer patients depend on the apoptotic signaling pathways via the critical communication and IL-6 landscapes of stimulated CTCs.
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12
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Vivas-Buitrago T, Domingo RA, Tripathi S, De Biase G, Brown D, Akinduro OO, Ramos-Fresnedo A, Sabsevitz DS, Bendok BR, Sherman W, Parney IF, Jentoft ME, Middlebrooks EH, Meyer FB, Chaichana KL, Quinones-Hinojosa A. Influence of supramarginal resection on survival outcomes after gross-total resection of IDH-wild-type glioblastoma. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:1-8. [PMID: 34087795 DOI: 10.3171/2020.10.jns203366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to use a multicenter, observational cohort study to determine whether supramarginal resection (SMR) of FLAIR-hyperintense tumor beyond the contrast-enhanced (CE) area influences the overall survival (OS) of patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDH-wt) glioblastoma after gross-total resection (GTR). METHODS The medical records of 888 patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent resection of GBM between January 2011 and December 2017 were reviewed. Volumetric measurements of the CE tumor and surrounding FLAIR-hyperintense tumor were performed, clinical variables were obtained, and associations with OS were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 101 patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wt GBM who underwent GTR of the CE tumor met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 65 years (HR 1.97; 95% CI 1.01-2.56; p < 0.001) and contact with the lateral ventricles (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.13-1.78; p = 0.025) were associated with shorter OS, but preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 70 (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.27-0.89; p = 0.006), MGMT promotor methylation (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.52-0.99; p = 0.044), and increased percentage of SMR (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-0.99; p = 0.02) were associated with longer OS. Finally, 20% SMR was the minimum percentage associated with beneficial OS (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.35-0.89; p = 0.01), but > 60% SMR had no significant influence (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.45-1.21; p = 0.234). CONCLUSIONS SMR is associated with improved OS in patients with IDH-wt GBM who undergo GTR of CE tumor. At least 20% SMR of the CE tumor was associated with beneficial OS, but greater than 60% SMR had no significant influence on OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Desmond Brown
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian F Parney
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | | | | | - Fredric B Meyer
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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Li H, Geng Z, Sun X, Yu Y, Xue F. A novel path-specific effect statistic for identifying the differential specific paths in systems epidemiology. BMC Genet 2020; 21:85. [PMID: 32770935 PMCID: PMC7414699 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological pathways play an important role in the occurrence, development and recovery of complex diseases, such as cancers, which are multifactorial complex diseases that are generally caused by mutation of multiple genes or dysregulation of pathways. RESULTS We propose a path-specific effect statistic (PSE) to detect the differential specific paths under two conditions (e.g. case VS. control groups, exposure Vs. nonexposure groups). In observational studies, the path-specific effect can be obtained by separately calculating the average causal effect of each directed edge through adjusting for the parent nodes of nodes in the specific path and multiplying them under each condition. Theoretical proofs and a series of simulations are conducted to validate the path-specific effect statistic. Applications are also performed to evaluate its practical performances. A series of simulation studies show that the Type I error rates of PSE with Permutation tests are more stable at the nominal level 0.05 and can accurately detect the differential specific paths when comparing with other methods. Specifically, the power reveals an increasing trends with the enlargement of path-specific effects and its effect differences under two conditions. Besides, the power of PSE is robust to the variation of parent or child node of the nodes on specific paths. Application to real data of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), we successfully identified 14 positive specific pathways in mTOR pathway contributing to survival time of patients with GBM. All codes for automatic searching specific paths linking two continuous variables and adjusting set as well as PSE statistic can be found in supplementary materials. CONCLUSION: The proposed PSE statistic can accurately detect the differential specific pathways contributing to complex disease and thus potentially provides new insights and ways to unlock the black box of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Li
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Geng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Sun
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Kim Y, Lee D, Lawler S. Collective invasion of glioma cells through OCT1 signalling and interaction with reactive astrocytes after surgery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190390. [PMID: 32713306 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive form of brain cancer with a short median survival time. GBM is characterized by the hallmarks of aggressive proliferation and cellular infiltration of normal brain tissue. miR-451 and its downstream molecules are known to play a pivotal role in regulation of the balance of proliferation and aggressive invasion in response to metabolic stress in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Surgery-induced transition in reactive astrocyte populations can play a significant role in tumour dynamics. In this work, we develop a multi-scale mathematical model of miR-451-LKB1-AMPK-OCT1-mTOR pathway signalling and individual cell dynamics of the tumour and reactive astrocytes after surgery. We show how the effects of fluctuating glucose on tumour cells need to be reprogrammed by taking into account the recent history of glucose variations and an AMPK/miR-451 reciprocal feedback loop. The model shows how variations in glucose availability significantly affect the activity of signalling molecules and, in turn, lead to critical cell migration. The model also predicts that microsurgery of a primary tumour induces phenotypical changes in reactive astrocytes and stem cell-like astrocytes promoting tumour cell proliferation and migration by Cxcl5. Finally, we investigated a new anti-tumour strategy by Cxcl5-targeting drugs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.,Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Garrett MC, O’Shea TM, Wollenberg AL, Bernstein AM, Hung D, Staarman B, Soto H, Deming TJ, Sofroniew MV, Kornblum HI. Injectable diblock copolypeptide hydrogel provides platform to deliver effective concentrations of paclitaxel to an intracranial xenograft model of glioblastoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219632. [PMID: 32706829 PMCID: PMC7380637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy with temozolomide remain the mainstay for treatment of glioblastoma. However, many patients are not candidates for surgical resection given inaccessible tumor location or poor health status. Furthermore, despite being first line treatment, temozolomide has only limited efficacy. METHODS The development of injectable hydrogel-based carrier systems allows for the delivery of a wide range of chemotherapeutics that can achieve high local concentrations, thus potentially avoiding systemic side effects and wide-spread neurotoxicity. To test this modality in a realistic environment, we developed a diblock copolypeptide hydrogel (DCH) capable of carrying and releasing paclitaxel, a compound that we found to be highly potent against primary gliomasphere cells. RESULTS The DCH produced minimal tissue reactivity and was well tolerated in the immune-competent mouse brain. Paclitaxel-loaded hydrogel induced less tissue damage, cellular inflammation and reactive astrocytes than cremaphor-taxol (typical taxol-carrier) or hydrogel alone. In a deep subcortical xenograft model of glioblastoma in immunodeficient mice, injection of paclitaxel-loaded hydrogel led to local tumor control and improved survival. However, the tumor cells were highly migratory and were able to eventually escape the area of treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest this technology may be ultimately applicable to patients with deep-seated inoperable tumors, but as currently formulated, complete tumor eradication would be highly unlikely. Future studies should focus on targeting the migratory potential of surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Garrett
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Timothy M. O’Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander L. Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander M. Bernstein
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Derek Hung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Brittany Staarman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Horacio Soto
- Department of Neurosurgery David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Harley I. Kornblum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Pharmacology, Pediatrics and the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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16
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Uram Ł, Misiorek M, Pichla M, Filipowicz-Rachwał A, Markowicz J, Wołowiec S, Wałajtys-Rode E. The Effect of Biotinylated PAMAM G3 Dendrimers Conjugated with COX-2 Inhibitor (celecoxib) and PPARγ Agonist (Fmoc-L-Leucine) on Human Normal Fibroblasts, Immortalized Keratinocytes and Glioma Cells in Vitro. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203801. [PMID: 31652556 PMCID: PMC6832538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant type of central nervous system tumor that is resistant to all currently used forms of therapy. Thus, more effective GBM treatment strategies are being investigated, including combined therapies with drugs that may cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). Another important issue considers the decrease of deleterious side effects of therapy. It has been shown that nanocarrier conjugates with biotin can penetrate BBB. In this study, biotinylated PAMAM G3 dendrimers substituted with the recognized anticancer agents cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist Fmoc-L-Leucine (G3-BCL) were tested in vitro on human cell lines with different p53 status: glioblastoma (U-118 MG), normal fibroblasts (BJ) and immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT). G3-BCL penetrated efficiently into the lysosomal and mitochondrial compartments of U-118 MG cells and induced death of U-118 MG cells via apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and migration at low IC50 = 1.25 µM concentration, considerably lower than either drug applied alone. Comparison of the effects of G3-BCL on expression of COX-2 and PPARγ protein and PGE2 production of three different investigated cell line phenotypes revealed that the anti-glioma effect of the conjugate was realized by other mechanisms other than influencing PPAR-γ expression and regardless of p53 cell status, it was dependent on COX-2 protein level and high PGE2 production. Similar G3-BCL cytotoxicity was seen in normal fibroblasts (IC50 = 1.29 µM) and higher resistance in HaCaT cells (IC50 = 4.49 µM). Thus, G3-BCL might be a good candidate for the targeted, local glioma therapy with limited site effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Maria Misiorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Monika Pichla
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Filipowicz-Rachwał
- Department of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Products Technology, Rzeszów University of Information Technology and Management, 2 Sucharskiego Str, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Markowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Wołowiec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Warzywna 1a, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Wałajtys-Rode
- Department of Drug Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology,75 Koszykowa Str, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
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Jung E, de los Reyes V AA, Pumares KJA, Kim Y. Strategies in regulating glioblastoma signaling pathways and anti-invasion therapy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215547. [PMID: 31009513 PMCID: PMC6476530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most invasive type of glial tumors, which rapidly grows and commonly spreads into nearby brain tissue. It is a devastating brain cancer that often results in death within approximately 12 to 15 months after diagnosis. In this work, optimal control theory was applied to regulate intracellular signaling pathways of miR-451–AMPK–mTOR–cell cycle dynamics via glucose and drug intravenous administration infusions. Glucose level is controlled to activate miR-451 in the up-stream pathway of the model. A potential drug blocking the inhibitory pathway of mTOR by AMPK complex is incorporated to explore regulation of the down-stream pathway to the cell cycle. Both miR-451 and mTOR levels are up-regulated inducing cell proliferation and reducing invasion in the neighboring tissues. Concomitant and alternating glucose and drug infusions are explored under various circumstances to predict best clinical outcomes with least administration costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunok Jung
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aurelio A. de los Reyes V
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Kurt Jan A. Pumares
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute and Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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MicroRNA-451 Inhibits Migration of Glioblastoma while Making It More Susceptible to Conventional Therapy. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5010025. [PMID: 30875963 PMCID: PMC6468936 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastoma (GBM, glioma) is the most common and aggressive primary adult brain tumor. The prognosis of GBM patients remains poor, despite surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The major obstacles for successful remedy are invasiveness and therapy resistance of GBM cells. Invasive glioma cells leave primary tumor core and infiltrate surrounding normal brain leading to inevitable recurrence, even after surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. Therapy resistance allowing for selection of more aggressive and resistant sub-populations including GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) upon treatment is another serious impediment to successful treatment. Through their regulation of multiple genes, microRNAs can orchestrate complex programs of gene expression and act as master regulators of cellular processes. MicroRNA-based therapeutics could thus impact broad cellular programs, leading to inhibition of invasion and sensitization to radio/chemotherapy. Our data show that miR-451 attenuates glioma cell migration in vitro and invasion in vivo. In addition, we have found that miR-451 sensitizes glioma cells to conventional chemo- and radio-therapy. Our data also show that miR-451 is regulated in vivo by AMPK pathway and that AMPK/miR-451 loop has the ability to switch between proliferative and migratory pattern of glioma cells behavior. We therefore postulate that AMPK/miR-451 negative reciprocal feedback loop allows GBM cells/GSCs to adapt to tumor “ecosystem” by metabolic and behavioral flexibility, and that disruption of such a loop reduces invasiveness and diminishes therapy resistance.
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Kim Y, Lee J, Lee D, Othmer HG. Synergistic Effects of Bortezomib-OV Therapy and Anti-Invasive Strategies in Glioblastoma: A Mathematical Model. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E215. [PMID: 30781871 PMCID: PMC6406513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the regulation of tumor growth and the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of combination therapies, using oncolytic viruses (OVs) in conjunction with proteosome inhibitors for the treatment of glioblastoma, but the role of the TME in such therapies has not been studied. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model for combination therapies based on the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib and the oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), with the goal of understanding their roles in bortezomib-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and how the balance between apoptosis and necroptosis is affected by the treatment protocol. We show that the TME plays a significant role in anti-tumor efficacy in OV combination therapy, and illustrate the effect of different spatial patterns of OV injection. The results illustrate a possible phenotypic switch within tumor populations in a given microenvironment, and suggest new anti-invasion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Kim Y, Lee D, Lee J, Lee S, Lawler S. Role of tumor-associated neutrophils in regulation of tumor growth in lung cancer development: A mathematical model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211041. [PMID: 30689655 PMCID: PMC6349324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils display rapid and potent innate immune responses in various diseases. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) however either induce or overcome immunosuppressive functions of the tumor microenvironment through complex tumor-stroma crosstalk. We developed a mathematical model to address the question of how phenotypic alterations between tumor suppressive N1 TANS, and tumor promoting N2 TANs affect nonlinear tumor growth in a complex tumor microenvironment. The model provides a visual display of the complex behavior of populations of TANs and tumors in response to various TGF-β and IFN-β stimuli. In addition, the effect of anti-tumor drug administration is incorporated in the model in an effort to achieve optimal anti-tumor efficacy. The simulation results from the mathematical model were in good agreement with experimental data. We found that the N2-to-N1 ratio (N21R) index is positively correlated with aggressive tumor growth, suggesting that this may be a good prognostic factor. We also found that the antitumor efficacy increases when the relative ratio (Dap) of delayed apoptotic cell death of N1 and N2 TANs is either very small or relatively large, providing a basis for therapeutically targeting prometastatic N2 TANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Donggu Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Lee
- Division of Mathematical Models, National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School & Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Di Costanzo E, Giacomello A, Messina E, Natalini R, Pontrelli G, Rossi F, Smits R, Twarogowska M. A discrete in continuous mathematical model of cardiac progenitor cells formation and growth as spheroid clusters (Cardiospheres). MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2018; 35:121-144. [PMID: 28115549 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We propose a discrete in continuous mathematical model describing the in vitro growth process of biophsy-derived mammalian cardiac progenitor cells growing as clusters in the form of spheres (Cardiospheres). The approach is hybrid: discrete at cellular scale and continuous at molecular level. In the present model, cells are subject to the self-organizing collective dynamics mechanism and, additionally, they can proliferate and differentiate, also depending on stochastic processes. The two latter processes are triggered and regulated by chemical signals present in the environment. Numerical simulations show the structure and the development of the clustered progenitors and are in a good agreement with the results obtained from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Di Costanzo
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giacomello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Messina
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Natalini
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pontrelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Pasteur Institute Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Smits
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, USA
| | - Monika Twarogowska
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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Kim Y, Kang H, Powathil G, Kim H, Trucu D, Lee W, Lawler S, Chaplain M. Role of extracellular matrix and microenvironment in regulation of tumor growth and LAR-mediated invasion in glioblastoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204865. [PMID: 30286133 PMCID: PMC6171904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular dispersion and therapeutic control of glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of primary brain cancer, depends critically on the migration patterns after surgery and intracellular responses of the individual cancer cells in response to external biochemical cues in the microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that miR-451 regulates downstream molecules including AMPK/CAB39/MARK and mTOR to determine the balance between rapid proliferation and invasion in response to metabolic stress in the harsh tumor microenvironment. Surgical removal of the main tumor is inevitably followed by recurrence of the tumor due to inaccessibility of dispersed tumor cells in normal brain tissue. In order to address this complex process of cell proliferation and invasion and its response to conventional treatment, we propose a mathematical model that analyzes the intracellular dynamics of the miR-451-AMPK- mTOR-cell cycle signaling pathway within a cell. The model identifies a key mechanism underlying the molecular switches between proliferative phase and migratory phase in response to metabolic stress in response to fluctuating glucose levels. We show how up- or down-regulation of components in these pathways affects the key cellular decision to infiltrate or proliferate in a complex microenvironment in the absence and presence of time delays and stochastic noise. Glycosylated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the brain, contribute to the physical structure of the local brain microenvironment but also induce or inhibit glioma invasion by regulating the dynamics of the CSPG receptor LAR as well as the spatiotemporal activation status of resident astrocytes and tumor-associated microglia. Using a multi-scale mathematical model, we investigate a CSPG-induced switch between invasive and non-invasive tumors through the coordination of ECM-cell adhesion and dynamic changes in stromal cells. We show that the CSPG-rich microenvironment is associated with non-invasive tumor lesions through LAR-CSGAG binding while the absence of glycosylated CSPGs induce the critical glioma invasion. We illustrate how high molecular weight CSPGs can regulate the exodus of local reactive astrocytes from the main tumor lesion, leading to encapsulation of non-invasive tumor and inhibition of tumor invasion. These different CSPG conditions also change the spatial profiles of ramified and activated microglia. The complex distribution of CSPGs in the tumor microenvironment can determine the nonlinear invasion behaviors of glioma cells, which suggests the need for careful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hyunji Kang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibin Powathil
- Department of Mathematics, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Hyeongi Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dumitru Trucu
- Division of Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Wanho Lee
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Chaplain
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Mathematical Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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Alfonso JCL, Talkenberger K, Seifert M, Klink B, Hawkins-Daarud A, Swanson KR, Hatzikirou H, Deutsch A. The biology and mathematical modelling of glioma invasion: a review. J R Soc Interface 2018; 14:rsif.2017.0490. [PMID: 29118112 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult gliomas are aggressive brain tumours associated with low patient survival rates and limited life expectancy. The most important hallmark of this type of tumour is its invasive behaviour, characterized by a markedly phenotypic plasticity, infiltrative tumour morphologies and the ability of malignant progression from low- to high-grade tumour types. Indeed, the widespread infiltration of healthy brain tissue by glioma cells is largely responsible for poor prognosis and the difficulty of finding curative therapies. Meanwhile, mathematical models have been established to analyse potential mechanisms of glioma invasion. In this review, we start with a brief introduction to current biological knowledge about glioma invasion, and then critically review and highlight future challenges for mathematical models of glioma invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C L Alfonso
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - K Talkenberger
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - M Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - B Klink
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Hawkins-Daarud
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - K R Swanson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - H Hatzikirou
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - A Deutsch
- Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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24
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Xu R, Huang B, Chen AJ, Li C, Wang J, Li XG. TGF-β2 initiates autophagy via Smad and non-Smad pathway to promote glioma cells' invasion. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:162. [PMID: 29145888 PMCID: PMC5689187 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by lethal aggressiveness and patients with GBM are in urgent need for new therapeutic avenues to improve quality of life. Current studies on tumor invasion focused on roles of cytokines in tumor microenvironment and numerous evidence suggests that TGF-β2 is abundant in glioma microenvironment and vital for glioma invasion. Autopagy is also emerging as a critical factor in aggressive behaviors of cancer cells; however, the relationship between TGF-β2 and autophagy in glioma has been poorly understood. Methods U251, T98 and U87 GBM cell lines as well as GBM cells from a primary human specimen were used in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the effect of TGF-β2 on autophagy. Western blot, qPCR, immunofluorescence and transmission-electron microscope were used to detect target molecular expression. Lentivirus and siRNA vehicle were introduced to establish cell lines, as well as mitotracker and seahorse experiment to study the metabolic process in glioma. Preclinical therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Results Here we demonstrated that TGF-β2 activated autophagy in human glioma cell lines and knockdown of Smad2 or inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, attenuated TGF-β2-induced autophagy. TGF-β2-induced autophagy is important for glioma invasion due to the alteration of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metabolism conversion, particularly influencing mitochondria trafficking and membrane potential (△Ψm). Autopaghy also initiated a feedback on TGF-β2 in glioma by keeping its autocrine loop and affecting Smad2/3/7 expression. A xenograft model provided additional confirmation on combination of TGF-β inhibitor (Galunisertib) and autophagy inhibitor (CQ) to better “turn off” tumor growth. Conclusion Our findings elucidated a potential mechanism of autophagy-associated glioma invasion that TGF-β2 could initiate autophagy via Smad and non-Smad pathway to promote glioma cells’ invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0628-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - An-Jing Chen
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Xin-Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Western Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China. .,Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, China. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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25
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Beyer S, Fleming J, Meng W, Singh R, Haque SJ, Chakravarti A. The Role of miRNAs in Angiogenesis, Invasion and Metabolism and Their Therapeutic Implications in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070085. [PMID: 28698530 PMCID: PMC5532621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding, endogenous RNA molecules that function in gene silencing by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The dysregulation of miRNA plays a pivotal role in cancer tumorigenesis, including the development and progression of gliomas. Their small size, stability and ability to target multiple oncogenes have simultaneously distinguished miRNAs as attractive candidates for biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for glioma patients. In this review, we summarize the most frequently cited miRNAs known to contribute to gliomagenesis and progression by regulating the defining hallmarks of gliomas, including angiogenesis, invasion, and cell metabolism. We also discuss their promising potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets, in addition to the challenges that must be overcome before their translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Beyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Jessica Fleming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - S Jaharul Haque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center & Arthur, G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH 43012, USA.
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26
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Lee W, Lim S, Kim Y. The role of myosin II in glioma invasion: A mathematical model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171312. [PMID: 28166231 PMCID: PMC5293275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are malignant tumors that are commonly observed in primary brain cancer. Glioma cells migrate through a dense network of normal cells in microenvironment and spread long distances within brain. In this paper we present a two-dimensional multiscale model in which a glioma cell is surrounded by normal cells and its migration is controlled by cell-mechanical components in the microenvironment via the regulation of myosin II in response to chemoattractants. Our simulation results show that the myosin II plays a key role in the deformation of the cell nucleus as the glioma cell passes through the narrow intercellular space smaller than its nuclear diameter. We also demonstrate that the coordination of biochemical and mechanical components within the cell enables a glioma cell to take the mode of amoeboid migration. This study sheds lights on the understanding of glioma infiltration through the narrow intercellular spaces and may provide a potential approach for the development of anti-invasion strategies via the injection of chemoattractants for localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanho Lee
- National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon, 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookkyung Lim
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, United States of America
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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de Los Reyes V AA, Jung E, Kim Y. Optimal control strategies of eradicating invisible glioblastoma cells after conventional surgery. J R Soc Interface 2016; 12:rsif.2014.1392. [PMID: 25833239 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of brain cancer, has median survival time of 1 year after diagnosis. It is characterized by alternating modes of rapid proliferation and aggressive invasion in response to metabolic stress in the microenvironment. A particular microRNA, miR-451, and its downstream signalling molecules, AMPK complex, are known to be key determinants in switching cell fate. These components form a core control system determining a balance between cell growth and migration which is regulated by fluctuating glucose levels in the microenvironment. An important factor from the treatment point of view is that low levels of glucose affect metabolism and activate cell migration through the miR-451-AMPK control system, creating 'invisible' migratory cells and making them inaccessible by conventional surgery. In this work, we apply optimal control theory to deal with the problem of maintaining upregulated miR-451 levels that prevent cell infiltration to surrounding brain tissue and thus induce localization of these cancer cells at the surgical site. The model also considers the effect of a drug that blocks inhibitive pathways of miR-451 from AMPK complex. Glucose infusion control and drug infusion control are chosen to represent dose rates of glucose and drug intravenous administrations, respectively. The characteristics of optimal control lead us to investigate the structure of optimal intravenous infusion regimen under various circumstances and predict best clinical outcomes with minimum expense possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio A de Los Reyes V
- Institute of Mathematics, C.P. Garcia Street, U.P. Campus, Diliman, 1101 Quezon City, Philippines Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Jung
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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28
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Kim Y, Othmer HG. Hybrid models of cell and tissue dynamics in tumor growth. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2015; 12:1141-56. [PMID: 26775860 PMCID: PMC6437769 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid models of tumor growth, in which some regions are described at the cell level and others at the continuum level, provide a flexible description that allows alterations of cell-level properties and detailed descriptions of the interaction with the tumor environment, yet retain the computational advantages of continuum models where appropriate. We review aspects of the general approach and discuss applications to breast cancer and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Sturrock M, Hao W, Schwartzbaum J, Rempala GA. A mathematical model of pre-diagnostic glioma growth. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:299-308. [PMID: 26073722 PMCID: PMC4600629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their location, the malignant gliomas of the brain in humans are very difficult to treat in advanced stages. Blood-based biomarkers for glioma are needed for more accurate evaluation of treatment response as well as early diagnosis. However, biomarker research in primary brain tumors is challenging given their relative rarity and genetic diversity. It is further complicated by variations in the permeability of the blood brain barrier that affects the amount of marker released into the bloodstream. Inspired by recent temporal data indicating a possible decrease in serum glucose levels in patients with gliomas yet to be diagnosed, we present an ordinary differential equation model to capture early stage glioma growth. The model contains glioma-glucose-immune interactions and poses a potential mechanism by which this glucose drop can be explained. We present numerical simulations, parameter sensitivity analysis, linear stability analysis and a numerical experiment whereby we show how a dormant glioma can become malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sturrock
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA
| | - Wenrui Hao
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA
| | - Judith Schwartzbaum
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Grzegorz A Rempala
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA; Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA.
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30
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Martirosyan NL, Rutter EM, Ramey WL, Kostelich EJ, Kuang Y, Preul MC. Mathematically modeling the biological properties of gliomas: A review. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2015; 12:879-905. [PMID: 25974347 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although mathematical modeling is a mainstay for industrial and many scientific studies, such approaches have found little application in neurosurgery. However, the fusion of biological studies and applied mathematics is rapidly changing this environment, especially for cancer research. This review focuses on the exciting potential for mathematical models to provide new avenues for studying the growth of gliomas to practical use. In vitro studies are often used to simulate the effects of specific model parameters that would be difficult in a larger-scale model. With regard to glioma invasive properties, metabolic and vascular attributes can be modeled to gain insight into the infiltrative mechanisms that are attributable to the tumor's aggressive behavior. Morphologically, gliomas show different characteristics that may allow their growth stage and invasive properties to be predicted, and models continue to offer insight about how these attributes are manifested visually. Recent studies have attempted to predict the efficacy of certain treatment modalities and exactly how they should be administered relative to each other. Imaging is also a crucial component in simulating clinically relevant tumors and their influence on the surrounding anatomical structures in the brain.
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31
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Cvrčková F, Luštinec J, Žárský V. Complex, non-monotonic dose-response curves with multiple maxima: Do we (ever) sample densely enough? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1062198. [PMID: 26336980 PMCID: PMC4883946 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1062198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We usually expect the dose-response curves of biological responses to quantifiable stimuli to be simple, either monotonic or exhibiting a single maximum or minimum. Deviations are often viewed as experimental noise. However, detailed measurements in plant primary tissue cultures (stem pith explants of kale and tobacco) exposed to varying doses of sucrose, cytokinins (BA or kinetin) or auxins (IAA or NAA) revealed that growth and several biochemical parameters exhibit multiple reproducible, statistically significant maxima over a wide range of exogenous substance concentrations. This results in complex, non-monotonic dose-response curves, reminiscent of previous reports of analogous observations in both metazoan and plant systems responding to diverse pharmacological treatments. These findings suggest the existence of a hitherto neglected class of biological phenomena resulting in dose-response curves exhibiting periodic patterns of maxima and minima, whose causes remain so far uncharacterized, partly due to insufficient sampling frequency used in many studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Cvrčková
- Faculty of Sciences; Charles University; Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Luštinec
- Faculty of Sciences; Charles University; Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Faculty of Sciences; Charles University; Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Bao B, Azmi AS, Ali S, Zaiem F, Sarkar FH. Metformin may function as anti-cancer agent via targeting cancer stem cells: the potential biological significance of tumor-associated miRNAs in breast and pancreatic cancers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:59. [PMID: 25333034 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most used diabetic drugs for the management of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world. Increased numbers of epidemiological and clinical studies have provided convincing evidence supporting the role of metformin in the development and progression of a variety of human tumors including breast and pancreatic cancer. Substantial pre-clinical evidence from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies strongly suggests that metformin has an anti-cancer activity mediated through the regulation of several cell signaling pathways including activation of AMP kinase (AMPK), and other direct and indirect mechanisms; however, the detailed mechanism(s) has not yet been fully understood. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has gained significant attention in recent years due its identification and defining its clinical implications in many different tumors including breast cancer and pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will discuss the protective role of metformin in the development of breast and pancreatic cancers. We will further discuss the role of metformin as an anti-cancer agent, which is in part mediated through targeting CSCs. Finally, we will discuss the potential role of metformin in the modulation of tumor-associated or CSC-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) as part of the novel mechanism of action of metformin in the development and progression of breast and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Bao
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shadan Ali
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Feras Zaiem
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Fazlul H Sarkar
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Kim Y, Lee HG, Dmitrieva N, Kim J, Kaur B, Friedman A. Choindroitinase ABC I-mediated enhancement of oncolytic virus spread and anti tumor efficacy: a mathematical model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102499. [PMID: 25047810 PMCID: PMC4105445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are genetically engineered viruses that are designed to kill cancer cells while doing minimal damage to normal healthy tissue. After being injected into a tumor, they infect cancer cells, multiply inside them, and when a cancer cell is killed they move on to spread and infect other cancer cells. Chondroitinase ABC (Chase-ABC) is a bacterial enzyme that can remove a major glioma ECM component, chondroitin sulfate glycosoamino glycans from proteoglycans without any deleterious effects in vivo. It has been shown that Chase-ABC treatment is able to promote the spread of the viruses, increasing the efficacy of the viral treatment. In this paper we develop a mathematical model to investigate the effect of the Chase-ABC on the treatment of glioma by oncolytic viruses (OV). We show that the model's predictions agree with experimental results for a spherical glioma. We then use the model to test various treatment options in the heterogeneous microenvironment of the brain. The model predicts that separate injections of OV, one into the center of the tumor and another outside the tumor will result in better outcome than if the total injection is outside the tumor. In particular, the injection of the ECM-degrading enzyme (Chase-ABC) on the periphery of the main tumor core need to be administered in an optimal strategy in order to infect and eradicate the infiltrating glioma cells outside the tumor core in addition to proliferative cells in the bulk of tumor core. The model also predicts that the size of tumor satellites and distance between the primary tumor and multifocal/satellite lesions may be an important factor for the efficacy of the viral therapy with Chase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America; Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Geun Lee
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nina Dmitrieva
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Junseok Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America; Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Hsu CJ, Wu MH, Chen CY, Tsai CH, Hsu HC, Tang CH. AMP-activated protein kinase activation mediates CCL3-induced cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in human chondrosarcoma. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:68. [PMID: 24047437 PMCID: PMC3851317 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, is a cytokine involved in inflammation and activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. CCL3 has been detected in infiltrating cells and tumor cells. Chondrosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor that causes distant metastasis. However, the effect of CCL3 on human chondrosarcoma metastasis is still unknown. Here, we found that CCL3 increased cellular migration and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Pre-treatment of cells with the MMP-2 inhibitor or transfection with MMP-2 specific siRNA abolished CCL3-induced cell migration. CCL3 has been reported to exert its effects through activation of its specific receptor, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5). The CCR5 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor or siRNA also attenuated CCL3-upregulated cell motility and MMP-2 expression. CCL3-induced expression of MMP-2 and migration were also inhibited by specific inhibitors, and inactive mutants of AMPK, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 or p38-MAPK), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) cascades. On the other hand, CCL3 treatment demonstrably activated AMPK, p38, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, the expression levels of CCL3, CCR5, and MMP-2 were correlated in human chondrosarcoma specimens. Taken together, our results indicate that CCL3 enhances the migratory ability of human chondrosarcoma cells by increasing MMP-2 expression via the CCR5, AMPK, p38, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Jung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Enderling H, Rejniak KA. Simulating cancer: computational models in oncology. Front Oncol 2013; 3:233. [PMID: 24062986 PMCID: PMC3772565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Enderling
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, USA
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