1
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Xue JD, Xiang WF, Cai MQ, Lv XY. Biological functions and therapeutic potential of SRY related high mobility group box 5 in human cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1332148. [PMID: 38835366 PMCID: PMC11148273 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1332148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy human burden worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of novel cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is important for developing cancer treatment strategies and reducing mortality. Transcription factors, including SRY associated high mobility group box (SOX) proteins, are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. There is growing evidence that SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumor microenvironment, and metastasis. SOX5 is a member of SOX Group D of Sox family. SOX5 is expressed in various tissues of human body and participates in various physiological and pathological processes and various cellular processes. However, the abnormal expression of SOX5 is associated with cancer of various systems, and the abnormal expression of SOX5 acts as a tumor promoter to promote cancer cell viability, proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT through multiple mechanisms. In addition, the expression pattern of SOX5 is closely related to cancer type, stage and adverse clinical outcome. Therefore, SOX5 is considered as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, the expression of SOX5 in various human cancers, the mechanism of action and potential clinical significance of SOX5 in tumor, and the therapeutic significance of Sox5 targeting in cancer were reviewed. In order to provide a new theoretical basis for cancer clinical molecular diagnosis, molecular targeted therapy and scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-di Xue
- The School of Basic Medicine Sciences of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wan-Fang Xiang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qin Cai
- School/Hospital of Stomatology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Lv
- The School of Basic Medicine Sciences of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Alnasser SM, Alharbi KS, Almutairy AF, Almutairi SM, Alolayan AM. Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma, and AL Amyloidosis. Cells 2023; 12:2855. [PMID: 38132175 PMCID: PMC10741865 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human body cells are stem cell (SC) derivatives originating from bone marrow. Their special characteristics include their capacity to support the formation and self-repair of the cells. Cancer cells multiply uncontrollably and invade healthy tissues, making stem cell transplants a viable option for cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). When chemotherapy is used at very high doses to eradicate all cancer cells from aggressive tumors, blood-forming cells and leukocytes are either completely or partially destroyed. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is necessary for patients in those circumstances. The patients who undergo autologous transplants receive their own stem cells (SCs). The transplanted stem cells first come into contact with the bone marrow and then undergo engraftment, before differentiating into blood cells. ASCT is one of the most significant and innovative strategies for treating diseases. Here we focus on the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and AL amyloidosis, using ASCT. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the effectiveness and the safety of ASCT as a therapeutic approach for these diseases, based on the currently available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
| | - Ali F. Almutairy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.F.A.)
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3
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Amirbekyan M, Adhikarla V, Cheng JP, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Rockne RC, Kline AE, Gutova M. Neuroprotective potential of intranasally delivered L-myc immortalized human neural stem cells in female rats after a controlled cortical impact injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17874. [PMID: 37857701 PMCID: PMC10587115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficacious stem cell-based therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) depend on successful delivery, migration, and engraftment of stem cells to induce neuroprotection. L-myc expressing human neural stem cells (LMNSC008) demonstrate an inherent tropism to injury sites after intranasal (IN) administration. We hypothesize that IN delivered LMNSC008 cells migrate to primary and secondary injury sites and modulate biomarkers associated with neuroprotection and tissue regeneration. To test this hypothesis, immunocompetent adult female rats received either controlled cortical impact injury or sham surgery. LMNSC008 cells or a vehicle were administered IN on postoperative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. The distribution and migration of eGFP-expressing LMNSC008 cells were quantified over 1 mm-thick optically cleared (CLARITY) coronal brain sections from TBI and SHAM controls. NSC migration was observed along white matter tracts projecting toward the hippocampus and regions of TBI. ELISA and Nanostring assays revealed a shift in tissue gene expression in LMNSC008 treated rats relative to controls. LMNSC008 treatment reduced expression of genes and pathways involved in inflammatory response, microglial function, and various cytokines and receptors. Our proof-of-concept studies, although preliminary, support the rationale of using intranasal delivery of LMNSC008 cells for functional studies in preclinical models of TBI and provide support for potential translatability in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Amirbekyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology and Computational Systems Biology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eleni H Moschonas
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology and Computational Systems Biology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Critical Care Medicine, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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4
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Amirbekyan M, Cheng JP, Adhikarla V, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Rockne RC, Kline AE, Gutova M. Neuroprotective potential of intranasally delivered L-myc immortalized human neural stem cells in female rats after a controlled cortical impact injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3242570. [PMID: 37720043 PMCID: PMC10503851 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3242570/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficacious stem cell-based therapies for traumatic brain injury (TBI) depend on successful delivery, migration, and engraftment of stem cells to induce neuroprotection. L-myc expressing human neural stem cells (LMNSC008) demonstrate an inherent tropism to injury sites after intranasal (IN) administration. We hypothesize that IN delivered LMNSC008 cells migrate to primary and secondary injury sites and modulate biomarkers associated with neuroprotection and tissue regeneration. To test this, immunocompetent adult female rats received a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) or sham surgery. LMNSC008 cells or a vehicle (VEH) were administered IN on postoperative days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. The distribution and migration of eGFP-expressing LMNSC008 cells were quantified over 1 mm-thick optically cleared (CLARITY) coronal brain sections from TBI and SHAM controls. NSC migration was observed along white matter tracts projecting toward the hippocampus and regions of TBI. ELISA and Nanostring assays revealed a shift in tissue gene expression in LMNSC008 treated rats relative to controls. LMNSC008 treatment reduced expression of genes and pathways involved in inflammatory response, microglial function, and various cytokines and receptors. The data demonstrate a robust proof-of-concept for LMNSC008 therapy for TBI and provides a strong rationale for IN delivery for translation in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
| | | | - Eleni H Moschonas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
| | - Corina O Bondi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
| | | | - Anthony E Kline
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh John G. Rangos Research Center - Room 6126
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Tamura R, Miyoshi H, Imaizumi K, Yo M, Kase Y, Sato T, Sato M, Morimoto Y, Sampetrean O, Kohyama J, Shinozaki M, Miyawaki A, Yoshida K, Saya H, Okano H, Toda M. Gene therapy using genome-edited iPS cells for targeting malignant glioma. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10406. [PMID: 37693056 PMCID: PMC10487333 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by diffuse infiltration into the normal brain. Invasive glioma stem cells (GSCs) are an underlying cause of treatment failure. Despite the use of multimodal therapies, the prognosis remains dismal. New therapeutic approach targeting invasive GSCs is required. Here, we show that neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from CRISRP/Cas9-edited human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) expressing a suicide gene had higher tumor-trophic migratory capacity compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), leading to marked in vivo antitumor effects. High migratory capacity in iPSC-NSCs was related to self-repulsive action and pathotropism involved in EphB-ephrinB and CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling. The gene insertion to ACTB provided higher and stable transgene expression than other common insertion sites, such as GAPDH or AAVS1. Ferroptosis was associated with enhanced antitumor immune responses. The thymidylate synthase and dihydroprimidine dehydrogenase expressions predicted the treatment efficacy of therapeutic hiPSC-NSCs. Our results indicate the potential benefit of genome-edited iPS cells based gene therapy for invasive GSCs. Furthermore, the present research concept may become a platform to promote clinical studies using hiPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of NeurosurgeryKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | | | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Masahiro Yo
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWako, SaitamaJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Kase
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
- Department of Geriatric MedicineGraduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoBunkyo‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Tsukika Sato
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Mizuto Sato
- Department of NeurosurgeryKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Yukina Morimoto
- Department of NeurosurgeryKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene RegulationKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Jun Kohyama
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWako, SaitamaJapan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of NeurosurgeryKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene RegulationKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of NeurosurgeryKeio University School of MedicineShinjuku‐ku, TokyoJapan
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6
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Choi Y, Lee HK, Choi KC. Engineered adult stem cells: a promising tool for anti-cancer therapy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:71-77. [PMID: 36330711 PMCID: PMC9978368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the most dreaded diseases in human history and have been targeted by numerous trials including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anti-cancer drugs. Adult stem cells (ASCs), which can regenerate tissues and repair damage, have emerged as leading therapeutic candidates due to their homing ability toward tumor foci. Stem cells can precisely target malicious tumors, thereby minimizing the toxicity of normal cells and unfavorable side effects. ASCs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are powerful tools for delivering therapeutic agents to various primary and metastatic cancers. Engineered ASCs act as a bridge between the tumor sites and tumoricidal reagents, producing therapeutic substances such as exosomes, viruses, and anti-cancer proteins encoded by several suicide genes. This review focuses on various anti-cancer therapies implemented via ASCs and summarizes the recent treatment progress and shortcomings. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 71-77].
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdong Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-43-261-3664; Fax: +82-43-267-3150; E-mail:
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7
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Choi Y, Lee HK, Choi KC. Engineered adult stem cells: a promising tool for anti-cancer therapy. BMB Rep 2023; 56:71-77. [PMID: 36330711 PMCID: PMC9978368 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the most dreaded diseases in human history and have been targeted by numerous trials including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and anti-cancer drugs. Adult stem cells (ASCs), which can regenerate tissues and repair damage, have emerged as leading therapeutic candidates due to their homing ability toward tumor foci. Stem cells can precisely target malicious tumors, thereby minimizing the toxicity of normal cells and unfavorable side effects. ASCs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are powerful tools for delivering therapeutic agents to various primary and metastatic cancers. Engineered ASCs act as a bridge between the tumor sites and tumoricidal reagents, producing therapeutic substances such as exosomes, viruses, and anti-cancer proteins encoded by several suicide genes. This review focuses on various anti-cancer therapies implemented via ASCs and summarizes the recent treatment progress and shortcomings. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 71-77].
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngdong Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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8
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Alnasser SM. Stem cell challenge in cancer progression, oncology and therapy. Gene X 2022; 840:146748. [PMID: 35868413 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy consisted in the use of cells to treat damaged tissue, especially in cancer cases. Several cancer treatment techniques are developed today. However, the effectiveness of the treatments as well as the results remain too limited. We will discuss in this work the main advantages of the use of several categories of cells in the treatment of various cancerous diseases. The analysis of the obtained results related to cell therapy across the world over a period of twenty years can help to orient the researchers to the objectives in a more relevant and more reliable manner. The complex challenges of funded cancer care are discussed to provide a clear perspective on the future of administration and current treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
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Power EA, Rechberger JS, Gupta S, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Khatua S. Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors - An update. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114303. [PMID: 35460714 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Even though the last decade has seen a surge in the identification of molecular targets and targeted therapies in pediatric brain tumors, the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge in systemic drug delivery. This continues to undermine therapeutic efficacy. Recent efforts have identified several strategies that can facilitate enhanced drug delivery into pediatric brain tumors. These include invasive methods such as intra-arterial, intrathecal, and convection enhanced delivery and non-invasive technologies that allow for transient access across the BBB, including focused ultrasound and nanotechnology. This review discusses current strategies that are being used to enhance delivery of different therapies across the BBB to the tumor site - a major unmet need in pediatric neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Power
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Julian S Rechberger
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV 89118, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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Mercer-Smith AR, Buckley A, Valdivia A, Jiang W, Thang M, Bell N, Kumar RJ, Bomba HN, Woodell AS, Luo J, Floyd SR, Hingtgen SD. Next-generation Tumor-homing Induced Neural Stem Cells as an Adjuvant to Radiation for the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2474-2493. [PMID: 35441348 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The spread of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to the leptomeninges is devastating with a median survival of only a few months. Radiation offers symptomatic relief, but new adjuvant therapies are desperately needed. Spheroidal, human induced neural stem cells (hiNeuroS) secreting the cytotoxic protein, TRAIL, have innate tumoritropic properties. Herein, we provide evidence that hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells can migrate to and suppress growth of NSCLC metastases in combination with radiation. In vitro cell tracking and post-mortem tissue analysis showed that hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells migrate to NSCLC tumors. Importantly, isobolographic analysis suggests that TRAIL with radiation has a synergistic cytotoxic effect on NSCLC tumors. In vivo, mice treated with radiation and hiNeuroS-TRAIL showed significant (36.6%) improvements in median survival compared to controls. Finally, bulk mRNA sequencing analysis showed both NSCLC and hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells showed changes in genes involved in migration following radiation. Overall, hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells +/- radiation have the capacity to treat NSCLC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wulin Jiang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Morrent Thang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noah Bell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hunter N Bomba
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alex S Woodell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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11
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Adamus T, Hung CY, Yu C, Kang E, Hammad M, Flores L, Nechaev S, Zhang Q, Gonzaga JM, Muthaiyah K, Swiderski P, Aboody KS, Kortylewski M. Glioma-targeted delivery of exosome-encapsulated antisense oligonucleotides using neural stem cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:611-620. [PMID: 35036069 PMCID: PMC8752899 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tropism of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic tumor areas provides an opportunity for the drug delivery. Here, we demonstrate that NSCs effectively transport antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting oncogenic and tolerogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein into glioma microenvironment. To enable spontaneous, scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis by NSCs, we used previously described CpG-STAT3ASO conjugates. Following uptake and endosomal escape, CpG-STAT3ASO colocalized with CD63+ vesicles and later with CD63+CD81+ exosomes. Over 3 days, NSCs secreted exosomes loaded up to 80% with CpG-STAT3ASO. Compared to native NSC exosomes, the CpG-STAT3ASO-loaded exosomes potently stimulated immune activity of human dendritic cells or mouse macrophages, inducing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production. Using orthotopic GL261 tumors, we confirmed that NSC-mediated delivery improved oligonucleotide transfer from a distant injection site into the glioma microenvironment versus naked oligonucleotides. Correspondingly, the NSC-delivered CpG-STAT3ASO enhanced activation of glioma-associated microglia. Finally, we demonstrated that NSC-mediated CpG-STAT3ASO delivery resulted in enhanced antitumor effects against GL261 glioma in mice. Peritumoral injections of 5 × 105 NSCs loaded ex vivo with CpG-STAT3ASO inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth more effectively than the equivalent amount of oligonucleotide alone. Based on these results, we anticipate that NSCs and NSC-derived exosomes will provide a clinically relevant strategy to improve delivery and safety of oligonucleotide therapeutics for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Adamus
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Hung
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chunsong Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elaine Kang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sergey Nechaev
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qifang Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joanna Marie Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kokilah Muthaiyah
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Laboratory, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Piotr Swiderski
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Laboratory, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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12
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Cui J, Xu Y, Tu H, Zhao H, Wang H, Di L, Wang R. Gather wisdom to overcome barriers: Well-designed nano-drug delivery systems for treating gliomas. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1100-1125. [PMID: 35530155 PMCID: PMC9069319 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the special physiological and pathological characteristics of gliomas, most therapeutic drugs are prevented from entering the brain. To improve the poor prognosis of existing therapies, researchers have been continuously developing non-invasive methods to overcome barriers to gliomas therapy. Although these strategies can be used clinically to overcome the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), the accurate delivery of drugs to the glioma lesions cannot be ensured. Nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been widely used for precise drug delivery. In recent years, researchers have gathered their wisdom to overcome barriers, so many well-designed NDDS have performed prominently in preclinical studies. These meticulous designs mainly include cascade passing through BBB and targeting to glioma lesions, drug release in response to the glioma microenvironment, biomimetic delivery systems based on endogenous cells/extracellular vesicles/protein, and carriers created according to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines. We reviewed these well-designed NDDS in detail. Furthermore, we discussed the current ongoing and completed clinical trials of NDDS for gliomas therapy, and analyzed the challenges and trends faced by clinical translation of these well-designed NDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanxin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huacong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honglan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liuqing Di
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology, Research Center of High Efficient Drug Delivery System, Nanjing 210023, China
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 15852937869.
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13
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Gomez J, Holmes N, Hansen A, Adhikarla V, Gutova M, Rockne RC, Cho H. Mathematical modeling of therapeutic neural stem cell migration in mouse brain with and without brain tumors. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:2592-2615. [PMID: 35240798 PMCID: PMC8958926 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a potential solution to treating brain tumors. This is because NSCs can circumvent the blood-brain barrier and migrate to areas of damage in the central nervous system, including tumors, stroke, and wound injuries. However, for successful clinical application of NSC treatment, a sufficient number of viable cells must reach the diseased or damaged area(s) in the brain, and evidence suggests that it may be affected by the paths the NSCs take through the brain, as well as the locations of tumors. To study the NSC migration in brain, we develop a mathematical model of therapeutic NSC migration towards brain tumor, that provides a low cost platform to investigate NSC treatment efficacy. Our model is an extension of the model developed in Rockne et al. (PLoS ONE 13, e0199967, 2018) that considers NSC migration in non-tumor bearing naive mouse brain. Here we modify the model in Rockne et al. in three ways: (i) we consider three-dimensional mouse brain geometry, (ii) we add chemotaxis to model the tumor-tropic nature of NSCs into tumor sites, and (iii) we model stochasticity of migration speed and chemosensitivity. The proposed model is used to study migration patterns of NSCs to sites of tumors for different injection strategies, in particular, intranasal and intracerebral delivery. We observe that intracerebral injection results in more NSCs arriving at the tumor site(s), but the relative fraction of NSCs depends on the location of injection relative to the target site(s). On the other hand, intranasal injection results in fewer NSCs at the tumor site, but yields a more even distribution of NSCs within and around the target tumor site(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gomez
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nathanael Holmes
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Austin Hansen
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heyrim Cho
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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14
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Batalla-Covello J, Ngai HW, Flores L, McDonald M, Hyde C, Gonzaga J, Hammad M, Gutova M, Portnow J, Synold T, Curiel DT, Lesniak MS, Aboody KS, Mooney R. Multiple Treatment Cycles of Neural Stem Cell Delivered Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6320. [PMID: 34944938 PMCID: PMC8699772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can improve the anti-tumor efficacy of oncovirotherapy agents by protecting them from rapid clearance by the immune system and delivering them to multiple distant tumor sites. We recently completed a first-in-human trial assessing the safety of a single intracerebral dose of NSC-delivered CRAd-Survivin-pk7 (NSC.CRAd-S-pk7) combined with radiation and chemotherapy in newly diagnosed high-grade glioma patients. The maximum feasible dose was determined to be 150 million NSC.CRAd-Sp-k7 (1.875 × 1011 viral particles). Higher doses were not assessed due to volume limitations for intracerebral administration and the inability to further concentrate the study agent. It is possible that therapeutic efficacy could be maximized by administering even higher doses. Here, we report IND-enabling studies in which an improvement in treatment efficacy is achieved in immunocompetent mice by administering multiple treatment cycles intracerebrally. The results imply that pre-existing immunity does not preclude therapeutic benefits attainable by administering multiple rounds of an oncolytic adenovirus directly into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Batalla-Covello
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Hoi Wa Ngai
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Linda Flores
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Marisa McDonald
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Caitlyn Hyde
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Joanna Gonzaga
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Jana Portnow
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Tim Synold
- Department of Cancer Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Maciej S. Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.B.-C.); (H.W.N.); (L.F.); (M.M.); (C.H.); (J.G.); (M.H.); (M.G.)
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15
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Turk OM, Woodall RC, Gutova M, Brown CE, Rockne RC, Munson JM. Delivery strategies for cell-based therapies in the brain: overcoming multiple barriers. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2448-2467. [PMID: 34718958 PMCID: PMC8987295 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies to the brain are promising for the treatment of multiple brain disorders including neurodegeneration and cancers. In order to access the brain parenchyma, there are multiple physiological barriers that must be overcome depending on the route of delivery. Specifically, the blood-brain barrier has been a major difficulty in drug delivery for decades, and it still presents a challenge for the delivery of therapeutic cells. Other barriers, including the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and lymphatic-brain barrier, are less explored, but may offer specific challenges or opportunities for therapeutic delivery. Here we discuss the barriers to the brain and the strategies currently in place to deliver cell-based therapies, including engineered T cells, dendritic cells, and stem cells, to treat diseases. With a particular focus on cancers, we also highlight the current ongoing clinical trials that use cell-based therapies to treat disease, many of which show promise at treating some of the deadliest illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Turk
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Ryan C Woodall
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christine E Brown
- Departments of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Russell C Rockne
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA.
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16
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Mercer-Smith AR, Jiang W, Bago JR, Valdivia A, Thang M, Woodell AS, Montgomery SA, Sheets KT, Anders CK, Hingtgen SD. Cytotoxic Engineered Induced Neural Stem Cells as an Intravenous Therapy for Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2291-2301. [PMID: 34433662 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Converting human fibroblasts into personalized induced neural stem cells (hiNSC) that actively seek out tumors and deliver cytotoxic agents is a promising approach for treating cancer. Herein, we provide the first evidence that intravenously-infused hiNSCs secreting cytotoxic agent home to and suppress the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Migration of hiNSCs to NSCLC and TNBC in vitro was investigated using time-lapse motion analysis, which showed directional movement of hiNSCs to both tumor cell lines. In vivo, migration of intravenous hiNSCs to orthotopic NSCLC or TNBC tumors was determined using bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and immunofluorescent post-mortem tissue analysis, which indicated that hiNSCs colocalized with tumors within 3 days of intravenous administration and persisted through 14 days. In vitro, efficacy of hiNSCs releasing cytotoxic TRAIL (hiNSC-TRAIL) was monitored using kinetic imaging of co-cultures, in which hiNSC-TRAIL therapy induced rapid killing of both NSCLC and TNBC. Efficacy was determined in vivo by infusing hiNSC-TRAIL or control cells intravenously into mice bearing orthotopic NSCLC or TNBC and tracking changes in tumor volume using BLI. Mice treated with intravenous hiNSC-TRAIL showed a 70% or 72% reduction in NSCLC or TNBC tumor volume compared with controls within 14 or 21 days, respectively. Safety was assessed by hematology, blood chemistry, and histology, and no significant changes in these safety parameters was observed through 28 days. These results indicate that intravenous hiNSCs-TRAIL seek out and kill NSCLC and TNBC tumors, suggesting a potential new strategy for treating aggressive peripheral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wulin Jiang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Juli R Bago
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Morrent Thang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alex S Woodell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kevin T Sheets
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carey K Anders
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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17
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Neural stem cells secreting bispecific T cell engager to induce selective antiglioma activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015800118. [PMID: 33627401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. No treatment provides durable relief for the vast majority of GBM patients. In this study, we've tested a bispecific antibody comprised of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against T cell CD3ε and GBM cell interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). We demonstrate that this bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) (BiTELLON) engages peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes harvested from patients' tumors and, in so doing, exerts anti-GBM activity ex vivo. The interaction of BiTELLON with T cells and IL13Rα2-expressing GBM cells stimulates T cell proliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). We have modified neural stem cells (NSCs) to produce and secrete the BiTELLON (NSCLLON). When injected intracranially in mice with a brain tumor, NSCLLON show tropism for tumor, secrete BiTELLON, and remain viable for over 7 d. When injected directly into the tumor, NSCLLON provide a significant survival benefit to mice bearing various IL13Rα2+ GBMs. Our results support further investigation and development of this therapeutic for clinical translation.
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18
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Burns TC, Quinones-Hinojosa A. Regenerative medicine for neurological diseases-will regenerative neurosurgery deliver? BMJ 2021; 373:n955. [PMID: 34162530 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aspires to transform the future practice of medicine by providing curative, rather than palliative, treatments. Healing the central nervous system (CNS) remains among regenerative medicine's most highly prized but formidable challenges. "Regenerative neurosurgery" provides access to the CNS or its surrounding structures to preserve or restore neurological function. Pioneering efforts over the past three decades have introduced cells, neurotrophins, and genes with putative regenerative capacity into the CNS to combat neurodegenerative, ischemic, and traumatic diseases. In this review we critically evaluate the rationale, paradigms, and translational progress of regenerative neurosurgery, harnessing access to the CNS to protect, rejuvenate, or replace cell types otherwise irreversibly compromised by neurological disease. We discuss the evidence surrounding fetal, somatic, and pluripotent stem cell derived implants to replace endogenous neuronal and glial cell types and provide trophic support. Neurotrophin based strategies via infusions and gene therapy highlight the motivation to preserve neuronal circuits, the complex fidelity of which cannot be readily recreated. We specifically highlight ongoing translational efforts in Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury, using these to illustrate the principles, challenges, and opportunities of regenerative neurosurgery. Risks of associated procedures and novel neurosurgical trials are discussed, together with the ethical challenges they pose. After decades of efforts to develop and refine necessary tools and methodologies, regenerative neurosurgery is well positioned to advance treatments for refractory neurological diseases. Strategic multidisciplinary efforts will be critical to harness complementary technologies and maximize mechanistic feedback, accelerating iterative progress toward cures for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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19
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Jiang W, Yang Y, Mercer-Smith AR, Valdivia A, Bago JR, Woodell AS, Buckley AA, Marand MH, Qian L, Anders CK, Hingtgen SD. Development of next-generation tumor-homing induced neural stem cells to enhance treatment of metastatic cancers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf1526. [PMID: 34108203 PMCID: PMC8189583 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered tumor-homing neural stem cells (NSCs) have shown promise in treating cancer. Recently, we transdifferentiated skin fibroblasts into human-induced NSCs (hiNSC) as personalized NSC drug carriers. Here, using a SOX2 and spheroidal culture-based reprogramming strategy, we generated a new hiNSC variant, hiNeuroS, that was genetically distinct from fibroblasts and first-generation hiNSCs and had significantly enhanced tumor-homing and antitumor properties. In vitro, hiNeuroSs demonstrated superior migration to human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and in vivo rapidly homed to TNBC tumor foci following intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion. In TNBC parenchymal metastasis models, ICV infusion of hiNeuroSs secreting the proapoptotic agent TRAIL (hiNeuroS-TRAIL) significantly reduced tumor burden and extended median survival. In models of TNBC leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, ICV dosing of hiNeuroS-TRAIL therapy significantly delayed the onset of tumor formation and extended survival when administered as a prophylactic treatment, as well as reduced tumor volume while prolonging survival when delivered as established tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulin Jiang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Juli R Bago
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital of Ostrava, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Alex S Woodell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Andrew A Buckley
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Michael H Marand
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
| | - Carey K Anders
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27588, USA
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20
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Calinescu AA, Kauss MC, Sultan Z, Al-Holou WN, O'Shea SK. Stem cells for the treatment of glioblastoma: a 20-year perspective. CNS Oncol 2021; 10:CNS73. [PMID: 34006134 PMCID: PMC8162173 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the deadliest form of primary brain tumor, remains a disease without cure. Treatment resistance is in large part attributed to limitations in the delivery and distribution of therapeutic agents. Over the last 20 years, numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of stem cells as antiglioma agents, leading to the development of trials to test these therapies in the clinic. In this review we present and analyze these studies, discuss mechanisms underlying their beneficial effect and highlight experimental progress, limitations and the emergence of promising new therapeutic avenues. We hope to increase awareness of the advantages brought by stem cells for the treatment of glioblastoma and inspire further studies that will lead to accelerated implementation of effective therapies. Glioblastoma is the deadliest and most common form of brain tumor, for which there is no cure. It is very difficult to deliver medicine to the tumor cells, because they spread out widely into the normal brain, and local blood vessels represent a barrier that most medicines cannot cross. It was shown, in many studies over the last 20 years, that stem cells are attracted toward the tumor and that they can deliver many kinds of therapeutic agents directly to brain cancer cells and shrink the tumor. In this review we analyze these studies and present new discoveries that can be used to make stem cell therapies for glioblastoma more effective to prolong the life of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - McKenzie C Kauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Literature Science & Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zain Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wajd N Al-Holou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sue K O'Shea
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Benmelouka AY, Munir M, Sayed A, Attia MS, Ali MM, Negida A, Alghamdi BS, Kamal MA, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM, Meshref M, Bahbah EI. Neural Stem Cell-Based Therapies and Glioblastoma Management: Current Evidence and Clinical Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2258. [PMID: 33668356 PMCID: PMC7956497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, which account for nearly a quarter of all primary CNS tumors, present significant contemporary therapeutic challenges, particularly the highest-grade variant (glioblastoma multiforme), which has an especially poor prognosis. These difficulties are due to the tumor's aggressiveness and the adverse effects of radio/chemotherapy on the brain. Stem cell therapy is an exciting area of research being explored for several medical issues. Neural stem cells, normally present in the subventricular zone and the hippocampus, preferentially migrate to tumor masses. Thus, they have two main advantages: They can minimize the side effects associated with systemic radio/chemotherapy while simultaneously maximizing drug delivery to the tumor site. Another feature of stem cell therapy is the variety of treatment approaches it allows. Stem cells can be genetically engineered into expressing a wide variety of immunomodulatory substances that can inhibit tumor growth. They can also be used as delivery vehicles for oncolytic viral vectors, which can then be used to combat the tumorous mass. An alternative approach would be to combine stem cells with prodrugs, which can subsequently convert them into the active form upon migration to the tumor mass. As with any therapeutic modality still in its infancy, much of the research regarding their use is primarily based upon knowledge gained from animal studies, and a number of ongoing clinical trials are currently investigating their effectiveness in humans. The aim of this review is to highlight the current state of stem cell therapy in the treatment of gliomas, exploring the different mechanistic approaches, clinical applicability, and the existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malak Munir
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt; (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Mohamed Salah Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamad M. Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34511, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (E.I.B.)
| | - Ahmed Negida
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 32310, Chile
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eshak I. Bahbah
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34511, Egypt; (M.M.A.); (E.I.B.)
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22
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Griffith JI, Rathi S, Zhang W, Zhang W, Drewes LR, Sarkaria JN, Elmquist WF. Addressing BBB Heterogeneity: A New Paradigm for Drug Delivery to Brain Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1205. [PMID: 33322488 PMCID: PMC7763839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatments for brain tumors remain one of the most urgent and unmet needs in modern oncology. This is due not only to the presence of the neurovascular unit/blood-brain barrier (NVU/BBB) but also to the heterogeneity of barrier alteration in the case of brain tumors, which results in what is referred to as the blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Herein, we discuss this heterogeneity, how it contributes to the failure of novel pharmaceutical treatment strategies, and why a "whole brain" approach to the treatment of brain tumors might be beneficial. We discuss various methods by which these obstacles might be overcome and assess how these strategies are progressing in the clinic. We believe that by approaching brain tumor treatment from this perspective, a new paradigm for drug delivery to brain tumors might be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Griffith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Sneha Rathi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenqiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
| | - Lester R. Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School—Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA;
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - William F. Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (S.R.); (W.Z.); (W.Z.)
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23
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Coronas V, Terrié E, Déliot N, Arnault P, Constantin B. Calcium Channels in Adult Brain Neural Stem Cells and in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:600018. [PMID: 33281564 PMCID: PMC7691577 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.600018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain of adult mammals, including humans, contains neural stem cells (NSCs) located within specific niches of which the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the largest one. Under physiological conditions, NSCs proliferate, self-renew and produce new neurons and glial cells. Several recent studies established that oncogenic mutations in adult NSCs of the V-SVZ are responsible for the emergence of malignant primary brain tumors called glioblastoma. These aggressive tumors contain a small subpopulation of cells, the glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), that are endowed with proliferative and self-renewal abilities like NSCs from which they may arise. GSCs are thus considered as the cells that initiate and sustain tumor growth and, because of their resistance to current treatments, provoke tumor relapse. A growing body of studies supports that Ca2+ signaling controls a variety of processes in NSCs and GSCs. Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger whose fluctuations of its intracellular concentrations are handled by channels, pumps, exchangers, and Ca2+ binding proteins. The concerted action of the Ca2+ toolkit components encodes specific Ca2+ signals with defined spatio-temporal characteristics that determine the cellular responses. In this review, after a general overview of the adult brain NSCs and GSCs, we focus on the multiple roles of the Ca2+ toolkit in NSCs and discuss how GSCs hijack these mechanisms to promote tumor growth. Extensive knowledge of the role of the Ca2+ toolkit in the management of essential functions in healthy and pathological stem cells of the adult brain should help to identify promising targets for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Coronas
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Elodie Terrié
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Nadine Déliot
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Patricia Arnault
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
| | - Bruno Constantin
- Laboratoire STIM, Université de Poitiers-CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers, France
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24
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Nishida F, Zappa Villar MF, Zanuzzi CN, Sisti MS, Camiña AE, Reggiani PC, Portiansky EL. Intracerebroventricular Delivery of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Therapy for Repairing the Spinal Cord Injury Induced by Kainic Acid. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:167-180. [PMID: 31760626 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common pathological condition that leads to permanent or temporal loss of motor and autonomic functions. Kainic acid (KA), an agonist of kainate receptors, a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, is widely used to induce experimental neurodegeneration models of CNS. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) therapy applied at the injured nervous tissue have emerged as a promising therapeutic treatment. Here we used a validated SCI experimental model in which an intraparenchymal injection of KA into the C5 segment of rat spinal cord induced an excitotoxic lesion. Three days later, experimental animals were treated with an intracerebroventricular injection of human umbilical cord (hUC) MSC whereas control group only received saline solution. Sensory and motor skills as well as neuronal and glial reaction of both groups were recorded. Differences in motor behavior, neuronal counting and glial responses were observed between hUC-MSC-treated and untreated rats. According to the obtained results, we suggest that hUC-MSC therapy delivered into the fourth ventricle using the intracerebroventricular via can exert a neuroprotective or neurorestorative effect on KA-injected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Nishida
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Zappa Villar
- National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INIBIOLP, School of Medical Sciences, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Histology and of Embryology B, School of Medical Sciences, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina N Zanuzzi
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María S Sisti
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina E Camiña
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula C Reggiani
- National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INIBIOLP, School of Medical Sciences, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Histology and of Embryology B, School of Medical Sciences, UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Portiansky
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), Calles 60 y 118, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Research Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Next-generation stem cells - ushering in a new era of cell-based therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:463-479. [PMID: 32612263 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring stem cells isolated from humans have been used therapeutically for decades. This has primarily involved the transplantation of primary cells such as haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells and, more recently, derivatives of pluripotent stem cells. However, the advent of cell-engineering approaches is ushering in a new generation of stem cell-based therapies, greatly expanding their therapeutic utility. These next-generation stem cells are being used as 'Trojan horses' to improve the delivery of drugs and oncolytic viruses to intractable tumours and are also being engineered with angiogenic, neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory molecules to accelerate the repair of injured or diseased tissues. Moreover, gene therapy and gene editing technologies are being used to create stem cell derivatives with improved functionality, specificity and responsiveness compared with their natural counterparts. Here, we review these engineering approaches and areas in which they will help broaden the utility and clinical applicability of stem cells.
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26
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Tamura R, Miyoshi H, Yoshida K, Okano H, Toda M. Recent progress in the research of suicide gene therapy for malignant glioma. Neurosurg Rev 2019; 44:29-49. [PMID: 31781985 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-019-01203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant glioma, which is characterized by diffuse infiltration into the normal brain parenchyma, is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal prognosis. Over the past 40 years, the median survival has only slightly improved. Therefore, new therapeutic modalities must be developed. In the 1990s, suicide gene therapy began attracting attention for the treatment of malignant glioma. Some clinical trials used a viral vector for suicide gene transduction; however, it was found that viral vectors cannot cover the large invaded area of glioma cells. Interest in this therapy was recently revived because some types of stem cells possess a tumor-tropic migratory capacity, which can be used as cellular delivery vehicles. Immortalized, clonal neural stem cell (NSC) line has been used for patients with recurrent high-grade glioma, which showed safety and efficacy. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells may be considered as sources of NSC because NSC is difficult to harvest, and ethical issues have been raised. Mesenchymal stem cells are alternative candidates for cellular vehicle and are easily harvested from the bone marrow. In addition, a new type of nonlytic, amphotropic retroviral replicating vector encoding suicide gene has shown efficacy in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma in a clinical trial. This replicating viral capacity is another possible candidate as delivery vehicle to tackle gliomas. Herein, we review the concept of suicide gene therapy, as well as recent progress in preclinical and clinical studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Tamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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27
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Nasal Drug Delivery of Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Preclinical and Clinical Trials. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234312. [PMID: 31779126 PMCID: PMC6930669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal form of brain tumor, being characterized by the rapid growth and invasion of the surrounding tissue. The current standard treatment for glioblastoma is surgery, followed by radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy, typically with temozolomide. Although extensive research has been carried out over the past years to develop a more effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of GBM, efforts have not provided major improvements in terms of the overall survival of patients. Consequently, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Overcoming the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a major challenge in the development of therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this context, the intranasal route of drug administration has been proposed as a non-invasive alternative route for directly targeting the CNS. This route of drug administration bypasses the BBB and reduces the systemic side effects. Recently, several formulations have been developed for further enhancing nose-to-brain transport, mainly with the use of nano-sized and nanostructured drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the strategies that have been developed for delivering anticancer compounds for the treatment of GBM while using nasal administration. In particular, the specific properties of nanomedicines proposed for nose-to-brain delivery will be critically evaluated. The preclinical and clinical data considered supporting the idea that nasal delivery of anticancer drugs may represent a breakthrough advancement in the fight against GBM.
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28
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Liubich LD, Lisyanyi NI, Malysheva TA, Staino LP, Egorova DM, Vaslovych VV. In vitro effects of platelet-derived factors of brain glioma patients on C6 glioma cells. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play an important part in the progression and pathological angiogenesis of brain glioma because of the different granules content and release of microvesicles that are the source of numerous mediators and bioactive substances, which probably provides a "strategy" for the tumour survival. The objective of study was exploring the effect of platelet-released secretion products of patients with brain glioma on the experimental model of tumour growth in vitro. For this purpose, the cells of glioma C6 were cultured for 72 hours under the addition of modified media containing platelet-released secretion products or conditioned media of peripheral blood cells of patients with glioma as well as persons of the comparison group without rough somatic pathology. In control glioma C6 cultures in standard conditions cell clusters were formed by the type of "spheroids", from which radial cell migration occurred, a tense cellular or reticular growth zone was formed, and tumour cells preserved their ability to mitotic division. Under the influence of platelet-released secretion products of patients with glioma, differently directed effects on cell mitotic activity and the number of cell clusters in glioma C6 cultures were detected depending on the degree of tumour malignancy: stimulating effect under the influence of platelet factors of patients with high-malignancy glioma (G4) and inhibitory effect – due to the influence of platelet factors of patients with differentiated glioma (G2). In contrast to the thrombocyte-released factors, the conditioned media of a common pool of peripheral blood cells of patients with G4 glioma suppressed the mitotic activity of tumour cells and did not affect the number of cell clusters. No changes in glioma C6 cultures were revealed after the influence of platelet-released secretion products of persons of the comparison group. The obtained data confirm the important role of platelets in the pathogenesis of brain glioma, pointing to the fundamental difference in the spectrum of biologically active molecules that are released by platelets of patients depending on the degree of tumour malignancy and are able to regulate the cell cycle and proliferative activity of the glioma tumour cells, which may have application as a diagnostic marker as well as predictive marker of response to antitumour therapy.
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