1
|
Al Sultan A, Rattray Z, Rattray NJW. Cytotoxicity and toxicoproteomics analysis of thiazolidinedione exposure in human-derived cardiomyocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1214-1235. [PMID: 38654465 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (e.g. pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), known insulin sensitiser agents for type II diabetes mellitus, exhibit controversial effects on cardiac tissue. Despite consensus on their association with increased heart failure risk, limiting TZD use in diabetes management, the underlying mechanisms remain uncharacterised. Herein, we report a comprehensive in vitro investigation utilising a novel toxicoproteomics pipeline coupled with cytotoxicity assays in human adult cardiomyocytes to elucidate mechanistic insights into TZD cardiotoxicity. The cytotoxicity assay findings showed a significant loss of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production upon exposure to either TZD agents, which may underpin TZD cardiotoxicity. Our toxicoproteomics analysis revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction primarily stems from oxidative phosphorylation impairment, with distinct signalling mechanisms observed for both agents. The type of cell death differed strikingly between the two agents, with rosiglitazone exhibiting features of caspase-dependent apoptosis and pioglitazone implicating mitochondrial-mediated necroptosis, as evidenced by the protein upregulation in the phosphoglycerate mutase family 5-dynamin-related protein 1 axis. Furthermore, our analysis revealed additional mechanistic aspects of cardiotoxicity, showcasing drug specificity. The downregulation of various proteins involved in protein machinery and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum was observed in rosiglitazone-treated cells, implicating proteostasis in the rosiglitazone cardiotoxicity. Regarding pioglitazone, the findings suggested the potential activation of the interplay between the complement and coagulation systems and the disruption of the cytoskeletal architecture, which was primarily mediated through the integrin-signalling pathways responsible for pioglitazone-induced myocardial contractile failure. Collectively, this study unlocks substantial mechanistic insight into TZD cardiotoxicity, providing the rationale for future optimisation of antidiabetic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Sultan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zahra Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miller AL, Fehling SC, Vance RB, Chen D, Brown EJ, Hossain MI, Heard EO, Andrabi SA, Wang H, Yang ES, Buchsbaum DJ, van Waardenburg RCAM, Bellis SL, Yoon KJ. BET inhibition decreases HMGCS2 and sensitizes resistant pancreatic tumors to gemcitabine. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216919. [PMID: 38704133 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to develop targetable molecular bases for drug resistance for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been equivocally successful. Using RNA-seq and ingenuity pathway analysis we identified that the superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis is upregulated in gemcitabine resistant (gemR) tumors using a unique PDAC PDX model with resistance to gemcitabine acquired in vivo. Analysis of additional in vitro and in vivo gemR PDAC models showed that HMG-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and rate limiting in ketogenesis, is overexpressed in these models. Mechanistic data demonstrate the novel findings that HMGCS2 contributes to gemR and confers metastatic properties in PDAC models, and that HMGCS2 is BRD4 dependent. Further, BET inhibitor JQ1 decreases levels of HMGCS2, sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine, and a combination of gemcitabine and JQ1 induced regressions of gemR tumors in vivo. Our data suggest that decreasing HMGCS2 may reverse gemR, and that HMGCS2 represents a useful therapeutic target for treating gemcitabine resistant PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samuel C Fehling
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca B Vance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric Josh Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric O Heard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asgharzadeh F, Memarzia A, Alikhani V, Beigoli S, Boskabady MH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Key regulators of tumor progression and growth. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102039. [PMID: 38917593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main causes of death on the globe is cancer. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which are important in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. PPARs are receiving interest as possible therapeutic targets for a number of disorders. Numerous clinical studies are being conducted on PPARs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer. Therefore, this review will focus on the existing and future uses of PPARs agonists and antagonists in treating malignancies. PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on various types of cancers until the end of May 2023. The results of the review articles showed the therapeutic influence of PPARs on a wide range of cancer on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be conducted on the influence of PPARs on various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Alikhani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nirgude S, Tichy ED, Liu Z, Pradieu RD, Byrne M, Gil De Gomez L, Mamou B, Bernt KM, Yang W, MacFarland S, Xie M, Kalish JM. Single-nucleus multiomic analysis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome liver reveals PPARA signaling enrichment and metabolic dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599077. [PMID: 38948745 PMCID: PMC11212859 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is an epigenetic overgrowth syndrome caused by methylation changes in the human 11p15 chromosomal locus. Patients with BWS exhibit tissue overgrowth, as well as an increased risk of childhood neoplasms in the liver and kidney. To understand the impact of these 11p15 changes, specifically in the liver, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (snATAC-seq) to generate paired, cell-type-specific transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiles of both BWS-liver and nonBWS-liver nontumorous tissue. Our integrated RNA+ATACseq multiomic approach uncovered hepatocyte-specific enrichment and activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARA) - a liver metabolic regulator. To confirm our findings, we utilized a BWS-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model, where cells were differentiated into hepatocytes. Our data demonstrates the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in BWS-liver, which coincided with observed upregulation of PPARA during hepatocyte differentiation. BWS liver cells exhibited decreased neutral lipids and increased fatty acid β-oxidation, relative to controls. We also observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) byproducts in the form of peroxidated lipids in BWS hepatocytes, which coincided with increased oxidative DNA damage. This study proposes a putative mechanism for overgrowth and cancer predisposition in BWS liver due to perturbed metabolism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ezhilarasan D. Deciphering the molecular pathways of saroglitazar: A dual PPAR α/γ agonist for managing metabolic NAFLD. Metabolism 2024; 155:155912. [PMID: 38609038 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Saroglitazar (SARO), a dual peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ agonist, has been used to treat metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and diabetic dyslipidemia in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). SARO, administered at a dose of 4 mg/day, has been consistently studied in clinical trials with different time points ranging from 4 to 24 weeks with NAFLD patients. Due to its PPAR-γ agonistic action, SARO prevents adipose tissue-mediated fatty acid delivery to the liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and regulating adiponectin and leptin levels in adipose tissue. In hepatocytes, SARO induces fatty acid β-oxidation in mitochondria and transcriptionally activates lipid metabolizing genes in peroxisomes. SARO inhibits insulin resistance, thereby preventing the activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins -1c and carbohydrate response element binding protein in hepatocytes through its PPAR-α agonistic action. SARO treatment reduces lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and transcriptionally expressing the antioxidants from the antioxidant response element in the nucleus through its PPAR-γ agonistic action. SARO provides a PPAR-α/γ-mediated anti-inflammatory effect by preventing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK and ERK) and nuclear factor kappa B in hepatocytes. Additionally, SARO interferes with transforming growth factor-β/Smad downstream signaling, thereby reducing liver fibrosis progression through its PPAR-α/γ agonistic actions. Thus, SARO improves insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in NAFLD, reduces lipid accumulation in the liver, and thereby prevents mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis progression. This review summarizes the possible molecular mechanism of SARO in the NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hepatology and Molecular Medicine Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moreno-Rodríguez N, Laghezza A, Cerchia C, Sokolova DV, Spirina TS, De Filippis B, Romanelli V, Recio R, Fernández I, Loiodice F, Pokrovsky VS, Ammazzalorso A, Lavecchia A. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of benzoxazole-based PPARα/γ antagonists in colorectal cancer cell lines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400086. [PMID: 38807029 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A series of benzoxazole-based amides and sulfonamides were synthesized and evaluated for their human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ activity. All tested compounds showed a dual antagonist profile on both PPAR subtypes; based on transactivation results, seven compounds were selected to test their in vitro antiproliferative activity in a panel of eight cancer cell lines with different expression rates of PPARα and PPARγ. 3f was identified as the most cytotoxic compound, with higher potency in the colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT116. Compound 3f induced a concentration-dependent activation of caspases and cell-cycle arrest in both colorectal cancer models. Docking experiments were also performed to shed light on the putative binding mode of this novel class of dual PPARα/γ antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Moreno-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Laghezza
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Cerchia
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Research, Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Research, Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Virgilio Romanelli
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocío Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Research, Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Antonio Lavecchia
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alqahtani QH, Alkharashi LA, Alajami H, Alkharashi I, Alkharashi L, Alhinti SN. Pioglitazone enhances cisplatin's impact on triple-negative breast cancer: Role of PPARγ in cell apoptosis. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102059. [PMID: 38601974 PMCID: PMC11004990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) has been recently shown to play a role in many cancers. The breast tissue of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients were found to have a significantly lower expression of PPARγ than the other subtypes. Furthermore, PPARγ activation was found to exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, differentiation, cell growth, cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. To start with, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of data from OncoDB, which showed a lower expression pattern of PPARγ in different cancer types. In addition, high expression of PPARγ was associated with better breast cancer patient survival. Therefore, we tested the impact of pioglitazone, a PPARγ ligand, on the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin in the TNBC cell line. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with either cisplatin (40 μM) with or without pioglitazone (30 or 60 μM) for 72 h. The MTT results showed a significant dose-dependent decrease in cell viability as a result of using cisplatin and pioglitazone combination compared with cisplatin alone. In addition, the protein expression of Bcl-2, a known antiapoptotic marker, decreased in the cells treated with cisplatin and pioglitazone combination at doses of 40 and 30 μM, respectively. On the other hand, cleaved- poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and -caspase-9, which are known as pro-apoptotic markers, were upregulated in the combination group compared with the solo treatments. Taken together, the addition of pioglitazone to cisplatin further reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and enhanced apoptosis compared with chemotherapy alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qamraa Hamad Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Abdullah Alkharashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alajami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishraq Alkharashi
- PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layan Alkharashi
- PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoug Nasser Alhinti
- PharmD Student, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mathew Thomas V, Chigarira B, Gebrael G, Sayegh N, Tripathi N, Nussenzveig R, Jo Y, Dal E, Galarza Fortuna G, Li H, Sahu KK, Srivastava A, Maughan BL, Agarwal N, Swami U. Differential Tumor Gene Expression Profiling of Patients With Prostate Adenocarcinoma on the Basis of BMI. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300574. [PMID: 38781543 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An increased BMI is linked to increased prostate adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality. Baseline tumor gene expression profiling (GEP) can provide a comprehensive picture of the biological processes related to treatment response and disease progression. We interrogate and validate the underlying differences in tumor GEP on the basis of BMI in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. METHODS The inclusion criteria consisted of histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma and the availability of RNA sequencing data obtained from treatment-naïve primary prostate tissue. RNA sequencing was performed by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified laboratory (Tempus or Caris Life Sciences). The Tempus cohort was used for interrogation and the Caris cohort for validation. Patients were stratified on the basis of BMI at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis: BMI-high (BMIH; BMI ≥30) and BMI-low (BMIL; BMI <30). Differential gene expression analysis between the two cohorts was conducted using the DEseq2 pipeline. The resulting GEPs were further analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment software to identify pathways that exhibited enrichment in each cohort. RESULTS Overall, 102 patients were eligible, with 60 patients in the Tempus cohort (BMIL = 38, BMIH = 22) and 42 patients in the Caris cohort (BMIL = 24, BMIH = 18). Tumor tissues obtained from patients in the BMIL group exhibited higher expression of genes associated with inflammation pathways. BMIH displayed increased expression of genes involved in pathways such as heme metabolism and androgen response. CONCLUSION Our study shows the upregulation of distinct genomic pathways in BMIL compared with BMIH patients with prostate cancer. These hypothesis-generating data could explain different survival outcomes in both groups and guide personalized therapy for men with prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Mathew Thomas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Beverly Chigarira
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Georges Gebrael
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nicolas Sayegh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Nishita Tripathi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Roberto Nussenzveig
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Emre Dal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gliceida Galarza Fortuna
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Haoran Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, KS
| | - Kamal Kant Sahu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ayana Srivastava
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Benjamin L Maughan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo P, Yang J, Jian L, Dong J, Yin S, Luo C, Zhou S. Knockdown of PGBD5 inhibits the malignant progression of glioma through upregulation of the PPAR pathway. Int J Oncol 2024; 64:55. [PMID: 38577941 PMCID: PMC11015917 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary intracranial malignant tumor, and because of its high invasiveness and recurrence, its prognosis remains poor. The present study investigated the biological function of piggyBac transportable element derived 5 (PGBD5) in glioma. Glioma and para-cancerous tissues were obtained from five patients. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of PGBD5. Transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. In addition, a nude mouse tumor transplantation model was established to study the downstream pathways of PGBD5 and the molecular mechanism was analyzed using transcriptome sequencing. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PGBD5 were increased in glioma tissues and cells. Notably, knockdown of PGBD5 in vitro could inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, the knockdown of PGBD5 expression promoted apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, thus inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed that knockdown of PGBD5 expression could inhibit Ki67 expression and slow tumor growth. Changes in PGBD5 expression were also shown to be closely related to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. In conclusion, interference with PGBD5 could inhibit the malignant progression of glioma through the PPAR pathway, suggesting that PGBD5 may be a potential molecular target of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengren Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jinhong Yang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jigen Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh K, Kumar P, Singh AK, Singh N, Singh S, Tiwari KN, Agrawal S, Das R, Singh A, Ram B, Tripathi AK, Mishra SK. In silico and network pharmacology analysis of fucosterol: a potent anticancer bioactive compound against HCC. Med Oncol 2024; 41:130. [PMID: 38676780 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The Fucaceae family of marine brown algae includes Ascophyllum nodosum. Fucosterol (FSL) is a unique bioactive component that was identified through GC-MS analysis of the hydroalcoholic extract of A. nodosum. Fucosterol's mechanism of action towards hepatocellular cancer was clarified using network pharmacology and docking study techniques. The probable target gene of FSL has been predicted using the TargetNet and SwissTargetPred databases. GeneCards and the DisGNet database were used to check the targeted genes of FSL. By using the web programme Venny 2.1, the overlaps of FSL and HCC disease demonstrated that 18 genes (1.3%) were obtained as targeted genes Via the STRING database, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network with 18 common target genes was constructed. With the aid of CytoNCA, hub genes were screened using the Cytoscape software, and the targets' hub genes were exported into the ShinyGo online tool for study of KEGG and gene ontology enrichment. Using the software AutoDock, a hub gene molecular docking study was performed. Ten genes, including AR, CYP19A1, ESR1, ESR2, TNF, PPARA, PPARG, HMGCR, SRC, and IGF1R, were obtained. The 10 targeted hubs docked with FSL successfully. The active components FSL of ASD, the FSL, are engaged in fatty liver disease, cancer pathways, and other signalling pathways, which could prove beneficial for the management of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Nancy Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Shreni Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidhyapith, Tonk, Rajsthan, India
| | - Richa Das
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidhyapith, Tonk, Rajsthan, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhuwal Ram
- Department of Dravyaguna, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tripathi
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chan YT, Wu J, Lu Y, Li Q, Feng Z, Xu L, Yuan H, Xing T, Zhang C, Tan HY, Feng Y, Wang N. Loss of lncRNA LINC01056 leads to sorafenib resistance in HCC. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:74. [PMID: 38582885 PMCID: PMC10998324 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sorafenib is a major nonsurgical option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, its clinical efficacy is largely undermined by the acquisition of resistance. The aim of this study was to identify the key lncRNA involved in the regulation of the sorafenib response in HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) single-guide RNA (sgRNA) synergistic activation mediator (SAM)-pooled lncRNA library was applied to screen for the key lncRNA regulated by sorafenib treatment. The role of the identified lncRNA in mediating the sorafenib response in HCC was examined in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism was delineated by proteomic analysis. The clinical significance of the expression of the identified lncRNA was evaluated by multiplex immunostaining on a human HCC microtissue array. RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9 lncRNA library screening revealed that Linc01056 was among the most downregulated lncRNAs in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Knockdown of Linc01056 reduced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib, suppressing apoptosis in vitro and promoting tumour growth in mice in vivo. Proteomic analysis revealed that Linc01056 knockdown in sorafenib-treated HCC cells induced genes related to fatty acid oxidation (FAO) while repressing glycolysis-associated genes, leading to a metabolic switch favouring higher intracellular energy production. FAO inhibition in HCC cells with Linc01056 knockdown significantly restored sensitivity to sorafenib. Mechanistically, we determined that PPARα is the critical molecule governing the metabolic switch upon Linc01056 knockdown in HCC cells and indeed, PPARα inhibition restored the sorafenib response in HCC cells in vitro and HCC tumours in vivo. Clinically, Linc01056 expression predicted optimal overall and progression-free survival outcomes in HCC patients and predicted a better sorafenib response. Linc01056 expression indicated a low FAO level in HCC. CONCLUSION Our study identified Linc01056 as a critical epigenetic regulator and potential therapeutic target in the regulation of the sorafenib response in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Qiucheng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Zixin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hongchao Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tingyuan Xing
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- Centre for Chinese Medicine New Drug Development, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shanthappa PM, Melethadathil N. In silico investigations and molecular insights for designing tRNA-encoded peptides as potential therapeutics for targeting over-expressed receptors in breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38334133 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2314748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
tRNA- Encoded Peptides (tREPs) have recently been discovered as new functional peptides and hold promise as therapeutics for anti-parasitic applications. In this study, in silico investigations were conducted to design tRNA-encoded peptides with the potential to target over-expressed receptors in breast cancer cells. tRNA genes were translated into corresponding peptides (tREPs) using computational tools. The tREPs, which were predicted as anticancer peptides, were then screened for various ADMET properties. Molecular docking studies were conducted for three cancer target receptors, the Estrogen Receptor (ER), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Based on the docking results, specific tREPs were screened and molecular dynamics simulations were performed, and the binding energies were further explored using MMPBSA calculations. The peptide Pep1 (DWIAWRHHNDIVSWLTCGPRFKSWS) and Pep2 (GFIAWWSRHLELAQTRFKSWWS) exhibited a good binding affinity against the Estrogen Receptor (ER) and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR) cancer target. The Pep1-ER and Pep1-PPAR complex maintained an average of two hydrogen bonds throughout the simulation and demonstrated a higher negative binding free energy of -72.27 kcal/mol and -65.16 kcal/mol respectively, as calculated by MMPBSA. Therefore, the tREPs designed as anticancer peptides in this study provide novel approaches for potential anticancer therapeutic modalities.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi M Shanthappa
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Mysuru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chauhan SS, Casillas AL, Vizzerra AD, Liou H, Clements AN, Flores CE, Prevost CT, Kashatus DF, Snider AJ, Snider JM, Warfel NA. PIM1 drives lipid droplet accumulation to promote proliferation and survival in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:406-419. [PMID: 38097734 PMCID: PMC10837079 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles with a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. Solid tumors exhibit LD accumulation, and it is believed that LDs promote cell survival by providing an energy source during energy deprivation. However, the precise mechanisms controlling LD accumulation and utilization in prostate cancer are not well known. Here, we show peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) acts downstream of PIM1 kinase to accelerate LD accumulation and promote cell proliferation in prostate cancer. Mechanistically, PIM1 inactivates glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) via serine 9 phosphorylation. GSK3β inhibition stabilizes PPARα and enhances the transcription of genes linked to peroxisomal biogenesis (PEX3 and PEX5) and LD growth (Tip47). The effects of PIM1 on LD accumulation are abrogated with GW6471, a specific inhibitor for PPARα. Notably, LD accumulation downstream of PIM1 provides a significant survival advantage for prostate cancer cells during nutrient stress, such as glucose depletion. Inhibiting PIM reduces LD accumulation in vivo alongside slow tumor growth and proliferation. Furthermore, TKO mice, lacking PIM isoforms, exhibit suppression in circulating triglycerides. Overall, our findings establish PIM1 as an important regulator of LD accumulation through GSK3β-PPARα signaling axis to promote cell proliferation and survival during nutrient stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailender S Chauhan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Andrea L Casillas
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Andres D Vizzerra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Hope Liou
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amber N Clements
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Caitlyn E Flores
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christopher T Prevost
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David F Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Noel A Warfel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harrer DC, Lüke F, Pukrop T, Ghibelli L, Gerner C, Reichle A, Heudobler D. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα/γ agonist pioglitazone for rescuing relapsed or refractory neoplasias by unlocking phenotypic plasticity. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1289222. [PMID: 38273846 PMCID: PMC10808445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1289222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of seven clinical trials on relapsed or refractory (r/r) metastatic neoplasias followed the question: Are networks of ligand-receptor cross-talks that support tumor-specific cancer hallmarks, druggable with tumor tissue editing approaches therapeutically exploiting tumor plasticity? Differential recombinations of pioglitazone, a dual peroxisome-proliferator activated receptorα/γ (PPARα/γ) agonist, with transcriptional modulators, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid, interferon-α, or dexamethasone plus metronomic low-dose chemotherapy (MCT) or epigenetic modeling with azacitidine plus/minus cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition initiated tumor-specific reprogramming of cancer hallmarks, as exemplified by inflammation control in r/r melanoma, renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (mLCH) or differentiation induction in non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia (non-PML AML). Pioglitazone, integrated in differentially designed editing schedules, facilitated induction of tumor cell death as indicated by complete remission (CR) in r/r non-PML AML, continuous CR in r/r RCCC, mLCH, and in HL by addition of everolimus, or long-term disease control in melanoma by efficaciously controlling metastasis, post-therapy cancer repopulation and acquired cell-resistance and genetic/molecular-genetic tumor cell heterogeneity (M-CRAC). PPARα/γ agonists provided tumor-type agnostic biomodulatory efficacy across different histologic neoplasias. Tissue editing techniques disclose that wide-ranging functions of PPARα/γ agonists may be on-topic focused for differentially unlocking tumor phenotypes. Low-dose MCT facilitates targeted reprogramming of cancer hallmarks with transcriptional modulators, induction of tumor cell death, M-CRAC control and editing of non-oncogene addiction. Thus, pioglitazone, integrated in tumor tissue editing protocols, is an important biomodulatory drug for addressing urgent therapeutic problems, such as M-CRAC in relapsed or refractory tumor disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lüke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pukrop
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albrecht Reichle
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tambaro F, Imbimbo G, Ferraro E, Andreini M, Belli R, Amabile MI, Ramaccini C, Lauteri G, Nigri G, Muscaritoli M, Molfino A. Assessment of lipolysis biomarkers in adipose tissue of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:1. [PMID: 38167536 PMCID: PMC10762976 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue metabolism may be impaired in patients with cancer. In particular, increased lipolysis was described in cancer-promoting adipose tissue atrophy. For this reason, we assessed the expression of the lipolysis-associated genes and proteins in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients compared to controls to verify their involvement in cancer, among different types of GI cancers, and in cachexia. METHODS We considered patients with GI cancer (gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal) at their first diagnosis, with/without cachexia, and controls with benign diseases. We collected SAT and total RNA was extracted and ATGL, HSL, PPARα, and MCP1 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to evaluate CGI-58, PLIN1 and PLIN5. RESULTS We found higher expression of ATGL and HSL in GI cancer patients with respect to controls (p ≤ 0.008) and a trend of increase for PPARα (p = 0.055). We found an upregulation of ATGL in GI cancer patients with cachexia (p = 0.033) and without cachexia (p = 0.017) vs controls. HSL was higher in patients with cachexia (p = 0.020) and without cachexia (p = 0.021), compared to controls. ATGL was upregulated in gastric cancer vs controls (p = 0.014) and higher HSL was found in gastric (p = 0.008) and in pancreatic cancer (p = 0.033) vs controls. At the protein level, we found higher CGI-58 in cancer vs controls (p = 0.019) and in cachectic vs controls (p = 0.029), as well as in gastric cancer vs controls (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION In our cohort of GI cancer patients, we found a modulation in the expression of genes and proteins involved in lipolysis, and differences were interestingly detected according to cancer type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tambaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Martina Andreini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Belli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesarina Ramaccini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Lauteri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nigri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Muscaritoli
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kotnala S, Dhasmana A, Dhasmana S, Haque S, Yallapu MM, Tripathi MK, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. A Systems Biology Approach Unveils a Critical Role of DPP4 in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Patient Outcomes. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:43-55. [PMID: 38505912 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2023048056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise of cancers that affect the digestive system and its accessory organs. The late detection and poor prognosis of GI cancer emphasizes the importance of identifying reliable and precise biomarkers for early diagnosis and prediction of prognosis. The membrane-bound glycoprotein dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as CD26, is ubiquitously expressed and has a wide spectrum of biological roles. The role of DPP4/CD26 in tumor progression in different types of cancers remains elusive. However, the link between DPP4 and tumor-infiltrating cells, as well as its prognostic significance in malignancies, still require further investigation. This study was intended to elucidate the correlation of DPP4 expression and survival along with prognosis, followed by its associated enriched molecular pathways and immune cell marker levels in upper GI cancers. Results demonstrated a strong correlation between increased DPP4 expression and a worse prognosis in esophageal and gastric cancer and the co-expressed common genes with DPP4 were associated with crucial molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. Additionally, DPP4 was shown to be significantly linked to several immune infiltrating cell marker genes, including Macrophages (M1, M2 and Tumor Associated Macrophages), neutrophils, Treg, T-cell exhaustion, Th1 and Th2. Overall, our findings suggest that DPP4 may serve as a substantial prognostic biomarker, a possible therapeutic target, as well as it can play a critical role in the regulation of immune cell invasion in patients with gastroesophageal (esophageal, gastroesophageal junction and gastric) cancer. KEY WORDS: DPP4, integrated analysis, GI cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, gastroesophageal junction, prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kotnala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; Department of Biosciences and Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Swati Dhasmana
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Manish K Tripathi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aibara D. [Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression and Hepatocyte Proliferation by Nuclear Receptor PPARA]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:157-161. [PMID: 38296491 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic activation of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), causes hepatocellular proliferation and increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in rodents. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocyte proliferation by activated PPARA remain ambiguous. This review focuses on the genes repressed by PPARA and describes the mechanism by which it promotes hepatocyte proliferation in mice. PPARA undergoes autoinduction, leading to its overexpression by an agonist. PPARA subsequently activates the E2F transcription factor 8 (E2f8), which then activates the ubiquitin-like protein containing the PHD and RING finger domains 1 (Uhrf1). UHRF1, in complex with histone deacetylase 1 and DNA methyltransferase 1, stimulates DNA methylation and recruitment of histone H3 containing trimethylated lysine 9 to the promoters of specific target genes, including E-cadherin/cadherin 1 (Cdh1), resulting in their downregulation. Decreased expression of CDH1 stimulates Wnt signaling, upregulation of oncogenes, including Myc and the cell cycle control genes, cyclin D1 and Jun, and enhances hepatocyte hyperproliferation. Therefore, the PPARA-E2F8-UHRF1-CDH1-Wnt signaling axis is involved in the epigenetic regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. This review provides insights into the mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis induced by non-genotoxic substances.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu H, Zhou L, Cheng H, Wang S, Luan W, Cai E, Ye X, Zhu H, Cui H, Li Y, Chang X. Characterization of candidate factors associated with the metastasis and progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2974-2982. [PMID: 37284741 PMCID: PMC10752471 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the biggest cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality because of its extremely metastatic nature. This study aimed to explore and evaluate the characteristics of candidate factors associated with the metastasis and progression of HGSOC. METHODS Transcriptomic data of HGSOC patients' samples collected from primary tumors and matched omental metastatic tumors were obtained from three independent studies in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected to evaluate the effects on the prognosis and progression of ovarian cancer using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Hub genes' immune landscapes were estimated by the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database. Finally, using 25 HGSOC patients' cancer tissues and 10 normal fallopian tube tissues, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to quantify the expression levels of hub genes associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages. RESULTS Fourteen DEGs, ADIPOQ , ALPK2 , BARX1 , CD37 , CNR2 , COL5A3 , FABP4 , FAP , GPR68 , ITGBL1 , MOXD1 , PODNL1 , SFRP2 , and TRAF3IP3 , were upregulated in metastatic tumors in every database while CADPS , GATA4 , STAR , and TSPAN8 were downregulated. ALPK2 , FAP , SFRP2 , GATA4 , STAR , and TSPAN8 were selected as hub genes significantly associated with survival and recurrence. All hub genes were correlated with tumor microenvironment infiltration, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts and natural killer (NK) cells. Furthermore, the expression of FAP and SFRP2 was positively correlated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, and their increased protein expression levels in metastatic samples compared with primary tumor samples and normal tissues were confirmed by IHC ( P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study describes screening for DEGs in HGSOC primary tumors and matched metastasis tumors using integrated bioinformatics analyses. We identified six hub genes that were correlated with the progression of HGSOC, particularly FAP and SFRP2 , which might provide effective targets to predict prognosis and provide novel insights into individual therapeutic strategies for HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenqing Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - E Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Honglan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Heng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azzam HN, El-Derany MO, Wahdan SA, Faheim RM, Helal GK, El-Demerdash E. The role of mitochondrial/metabolic axis in development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1877-1886. [PMID: 37646973 PMCID: PMC10587280 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Only a few investigations, to our knowledge, have examined the bioenergetics of Tamoxifen (TMX) resistant individuals and reported altered mitochondrial activity and metabolic profile. The primary cause of TMX resistance is firmly suggested to be metabolic changes. Metabolic variations and hypoxia have also been linked in a bidirectional manner. Increased hypoxic levels correlate with early recurrence and proliferation and have a negative therapeutic impact on breast cancer (BC) patients. Hypoxia, carcinogenesis, and patient death are all correlated, resulting in more aggressive traits, a higher chance of metastasis, and TMX resistance. Consequently, we sought to investigate the possible role of the metabolic/hypoxial axis Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Taurine up-regulated 1 (TUG-1), Micro-RNA 186-5p (miR-186), Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) in the development of TMX resistance in BC patients and to correlate this axis with tumor progression. Interestingly, this will be the first time to explore epigenetic regulation of this axis in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany N Azzam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Faheim
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gouda K Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Preclinical & Translational Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Batara DC, Park SW, Kim HJ, Choi SY, Ohn T, Choi MC, Park SI, Kim SH. Targeting the multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 gene (SLC47A1) sensitizes glioma stem cells to temozolomide. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4021-4038. [PMID: 37818053 PMCID: PMC10560943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor, with an extremely poor prognosis due to resistance to standard-of-care treatments. Strong evidence suggests that the small population of glioma stem cells (GSCs) contributes to the aggressiveness of GBM. One of the mechanisms that promote GSC progression is the dysregulation of membrane transporters, which mediate the influx and efflux of substances to maintain cellular homeostasis. Here, we investigated the role of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter gene SLC47A1 in GSCs. Results show that SLC47A1 is highly expressed in GSCs compared to non-stem cell glioma cells, and non-tumor cells. Additionally, in-silico analysis of public datasets showed that high SLC47A1 expression is linked to malignancy and a poor prognosis in glioma patients. Further, SLC47A1 expression is correlated with important biological processes and signaling pathways that support tumor growth. Meanwhile, silencing SLC47A1 by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) influenced cell viability and self-renewal activity in GSCs. Interestingly, SLC47A1 shRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition potentiates the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) in GSC cells. The findings suggest that SLC47A1 could serve as a useful therapeutic target for gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Don Carlo Batara
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Park
- Deprtment of Landscape Architecture, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Su-Young Choi
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd.Naju 58205, South Korea
| | - Takbum Ohn
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hak Kim
- Animal Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Grigoraș A, Amalinei C. Multi-Faceted Role of Cancer-Associated Adipocytes in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2401. [PMID: 37760840 PMCID: PMC10525260 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer, especially in obese patients, and the second cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Based on these data, extensive research has been performed over the last decades to decipher the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its cellular and molecular components in CRC development and progression. In this regard, substantial progress has been made in the identification of cancer-associated adipocytes' (CAAs) characteristics, considering their active role in the CCR tumor niche, by releasing a panel of metabolites, growth factors, and inflammatory adipokines, which assist the cancer cells' development. Disposed in the tumor invasion front, CAAs exhibit a fibroblastic-like phenotype and establish a bidirectional molecular dialogue with colorectal tumor cells, which leads to functional changes in both cell types and contributes to tumor progression. CAAs also modulate the antitumor immune cells' response and promote metabolic reprogramming and chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer cells. This review aims to report recent cumulative data regarding the molecular mechanisms of CAAs' differentiation and their activity spectrum in the TME of CRC. A better understanding of CAAs and the molecular interplay between CAAs and tumor cells will provide insights into tumor biology and may open the perspective of new therapeutic opportunities in CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grigoraș
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 700455 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cornelia Amalinei
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Histopathology, Institute of Legal Medicine, 700455 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bombarda-Rocha V, Silva D, Badr-Eddine A, Nogueira P, Gonçalves J, Fresco P. Challenges in Pharmacological Intervention in Perilipins (PLINs) to Modulate Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Obesity and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4013. [PMID: 37568828 PMCID: PMC10417315 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilipins (PLINs) are the most abundant proteins in lipid droplets (LD). These LD-associated proteins are responsible for upgrading LD from inert lipid storage structures to fully functional organelles, fundamentally integrated in the lipid metabolism. There are five distinct perilipins (PLIN1-5), each with specific expression patterns and metabolic activation, but all capable of regulating the activity of lipases on LD. This plurality creates a complex orchestrated mechanism that is directly related to the healthy balance between lipogenesis and lipolysis. Given the essential role of PLINs in the modulation of the lipid metabolism, these proteins can become interesting targets for the treatment of lipid-associated diseases. Since reprogrammed lipid metabolism is a recognized cancer hallmark, and obesity is a known risk factor for cancer and other comorbidities, the modulation of PLINs could either improve existing treatments or create new opportunities for the treatment of these diseases. Even though PLINs have not been, so far, directly considered for pharmacological interventions, there are many established drugs that can modulate PLINs activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the involvement of PLINs in diseases related to lipid metabolism dysregulation and whether PLINs can be viewed as potential therapeutic targets for cancer and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victória Bombarda-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dany Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Allal Badr-Eddine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrícia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (V.B.-R.); (D.S.); (A.B.-E.); (P.N.); (P.F.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Wang M, Peng X, Yang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, She Q, Tan J, Lou C, Liao Z, Li X. mRNA vaccine in cancer therapy: Current advance and future outlook. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1384. [PMID: 37612832 PMCID: PMC10447885 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines are a relatively new class of vaccines that have shown great promise in the immunotherapy of a wide variety of infectious diseases and cancer. In the past 2 years, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have contributed tremendously against SARS-CoV2, which has prompted the arrival of the mRNA vaccine research boom, especially in the research of cancer vaccines. Compared with conventional cancer vaccines, mRNA vaccines have significant advantages, including efficient production of protective immune responses, relatively low side effects and lower cost of acquisition. In this review, we elaborated on the development of cancer vaccines and mRNA cancer vaccines, as well as the potential biological mechanisms of mRNA cancer vaccines and the latest progress in various tumour treatments, and discussed the challenges and future directions for the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youhuai Li
- Department of Breast SurgeryBaoji Municipal Central HospitalWeibin DistrictBaojiShaanxiChina
| | - Mina Wang
- Graduate SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- Department of Acupuncture and MoxibustionBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijing Key Laboratory of Acupuncture NeuromodulationBeijingChina
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yingying Yang
- Clinical Research CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal MedicineShanghai Institute of Maternal‐Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic OncologyShanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qishuang Chen
- Graduate SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General SurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Qing She
- Department of Breast SurgeryBaoji Municipal Central HospitalWeibin DistrictBaojiShaanxiChina
| | - Jichao Tan
- Department of Breast SurgeryBaoji Municipal Central HospitalWeibin DistrictBaojiShaanxiChina
| | - Chuyuan Lou
- Department of OphthalmologyXi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital)Xi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Zehuan Liao
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC)Karolinska InstitutetSweden
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB)Karolinska InstitutetBiomedicumStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Apaza Ticona L, Sánchez Sánchez-Corral J, Flores Sepúlveda A, Soriano Vázquez C, Hernán Vieco C, Rumbero Sánchez Á. Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds as PPAR-α ligand agonists: a new strategy for the design of antitumour compounds. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1377-1388. [PMID: 37484563 PMCID: PMC10357926 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of PPAR-α by natural ligands is a novel strategy for the development of anticancer therapies. A series of 16 compounds based on the structure of 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (natural compound) with antitumour potential were designed and synthesised. The cytotoxicity and PPAR agonist activity of these synthetic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles were evaluated in the A-498 and DU 145 tumour cell lines. Preliminary biological evaluation showed that most of these synthetic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are less cytotoxic (sulforhodamine B assay) than the positive control WY-14643. Regarding the PPAR-α modulation, compound 16 was the most active, with EC50 = 0.23-0.83 μM (PPAR-α). Additionally, compound 16 had a similar activity to the natural compound (EC50 = 0.18-0.77 μM) and was less toxic in the RPTEC and WPMY-1 cell lines (non-tumour cells) (CC50 = 81.66-92.67 μM) than the natural compound. Looking at the link between chemical structure and activity, our study demonstrates that changes to the natural 1,2,4-oxadiazole at the level of the thiophenyl residue can lead to new agonists of PPAR-α with promising anti-tumour activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Apaza Ticona
- Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid Cantoblanco 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Soriano Vázquez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Hernán Vieco
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense of Madrid Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ángel Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid Cantoblanco 28040 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shao J, Shah S, Ganguly S, Zu Y, He C, Li Z. Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Cell-Free DNA 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1180. [PMID: 37372359 PMCID: PMC10298116 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic abnormality is a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and aberrant 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels are commonly observed in AML patients. As epigenetic subgroups of AML correlate with different clinical outcomes, we investigated whether plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) 5hmC could categorize AML patients into subtypes. We profiled the genome-wide landscape of 5hmC in plasma cfDNA from 54 AML patients. Using an unbiased clustering approach, we found that 5hmC levels in genomic regions with a histone mark H3K4me3 classified AML samples into three distinct clusters that were significantly associated with leukemia burden and survival. Cluster 3 showed the highest leukemia burden, the shortest overall survival of patients, and the lowest 5hmC levels in the TET2 promoter. 5hmC levels in the TET2 promoter could represent TET2 activity resulting from mutations in DNA demethylation genes and other factors. The novel genes and key signaling pathways associated with aberrant 5hmC patterns could add to our understanding of DNA hydroxymethylation and highlight the potential therapeutic targets in AML. Our results identify a novel 5hmC-based AML classification system and further underscore cfDNA 5hmC as a highly sensitive marker for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Shao
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shilpan Shah
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youli Zu
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zejuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun J, Yu L, Qu X, Huang T. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anticancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184794. [PMID: 37251321 PMCID: PMC10213337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been extensively studied for over 3 decades and consist of three isotypes, including PPARα, γ, and β/δ, that were originally considered key metabolic regulators controlling energy homeostasis in the body. Cancer has become a leading cause of human mortality worldwide, and the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cancer is increasingly being investigated, especially the deep molecular mechanisms and effective cancer therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are an important class of lipid sensors and are involved in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways and cell fate. They can regulate cancer progression in different tissues by activating endogenous or synthetic compounds. This review emphasizes the significance and knowledge of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the tumor microenvironment, tumor cell metabolism, and anti-cancer treatment by summarizing recent research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. In general, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors either promote or suppress cancer in different types of tumor microenvironments. The emergence of this difference depends on various factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor type, cancer type, and tumor stage. Simultaneously, the effect of anti-cancer therapy based on drug-targeted PPARs differs or even opposes among the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor homotypes and different cancer types. Therefore, the current status and challenges of the use of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists and antagonists in cancer treatment are further explored in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueling Qu
- Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Center(Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gencel-Augusto J, Su X, Qi Y, Whitley EM, Pant V, Xiong S, Shah V, Lin J, Perez E, Fiorotto ML, Mahmud I, Jain AK, Lorenzi PL, Navin NE, Richie ER, Lozano G. Dimeric p53 Mutant Elicits Unique Tumor-Suppressive Activities through an Altered Metabolic Program. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1230-1249. [PMID: 37067911 PMCID: PMC10164062 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-related alterations of the p53 tetramerization domain (TD) abrogate wild-type (WT) p53 function. They result in a protein that preferentially forms monomers or dimers, which are also normal p53 states under basal cellular conditions. However, their physiologic relevance is not well understood. We have established in vivo models for monomeric and dimeric p53, which model Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients with germline p53 TD alterations. p53 monomers are inactive forms of the protein. Unexpectedly, p53 dimers conferred some tumor suppression that is not mediated by canonical WT p53 activities. p53 dimers upregulate the PPAR pathway. These activities are associated with lower prevalence of thymic lymphomas and increased CD8+ T-cell differentiation. Lymphomas derived from dimeric p53 mice show cooperating alterations in the PPAR pathway, further implicating a role for these activities in tumor suppression. Our data reveal novel functions for p53 dimers and support the exploration of PPAR agonists as therapies. SIGNIFICANCE New mouse models with TP53R342P (monomer) or TP53A347D (dimer) mutations mimic Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Although p53 monomers lack function, p53 dimers conferred noncanonical tumor-suppressive activities. We describe novel activities for p53 dimers facilitated by PPARs and propose these are "basal" p53 activities. See related commentary by Stieg et al., p. 1046. See related article by Choe et al., p. 1250. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovanka Gencel-Augusto
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
| | | | - Vinod Pant
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Vrutant Shah
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Jerome Lin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | | | - Marta L. Fiorotto
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
- Metabolomics Core Facility, MDACC
| | - Abhinav K. Jain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MDACC
| | - Philip L. Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, MDACC
- Metabolomics Core Facility, MDACC
| | - Nicholas E. Navin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| | - Ellen R. Richie
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, MDACC
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chakraborty A, Roy G, Fatima F, Swami B, Bhaskar S. Mycobacterium indicus pranii therapy suppresses systemic dissemination of tumor cells in B16F10 murine model of melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114307. [PMID: 36739765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated morbidity is mostly attributed to the dissemination of tumor cells from their primary niche into the circulation known as "metastasis". Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) an approved immunotherapeutic agent against lung cancer (NSCLC) has shown potent anti-tumor activity in prior studies. While evaluating anti-tumor activity of MIP in mouse model, MIP treated animals typically exhibited less metastatic lesions in their pulmonary compartment. To study the role of MIP in metastasis closely, B16F10 melanoma cells were implanted subcutaneously in the mice, and the dissemination of tumor cells from the solid tumor was evaluated over a period of time. When B16F10 melanoma cells were treated with MIP in vitro, downregulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition markers was observed in these cells, which in turn suppressed the invasion, migration and adhesion of tumor cells. Notably, MIP therapy was found to be effectively reducing the metastatic burden in murine model of melanoma. Molecular characterization of MIP treated tumor cells substantiated that MIP upregulates the PPARγ expression within the tumor cells, which attenuates the NFκB/p65 levels within the nucleus, resulting in the suppression of Mmp9 expression in tumor cells. Besides that, MIP also downregulated the surface expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in murine melanoma cells, where chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the impeded recruitment of p50 and c-Rel factors to the Cxcr4 promoter, resulting in its downregulation transcriptionally. Taken together, MIP suppressed the dissemination of tumor cells in vivo, by regulating the expression of MMP9 and CXCR4 on these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anush Chakraborty
- Product Development Cell-I, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gargi Roy
- Product Development Cell-I, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Farheen Fatima
- Product Development Cell-I, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharati Swami
- Product Development Cell-I, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sangeeta Bhaskar
- Product Development Cell-I, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Analogues of Anticancer Natural Products: Chiral Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065679. [PMID: 36982753 PMCID: PMC10058835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Life is chiral, as its constituents consist, to a large degree, of optically active molecules, be they macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) or small biomolecules. Hence, these molecules interact disparately with different enantiomers of chiral compounds, creating a preference for a particular enantiomer. This chiral discrimination is of special importance in medicinal chemistry, since many pharmacologically active compounds are used as racemates—equimolar mixtures of two enantiomers. Each of these enantiomers may express different behaviour in terms of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. The application of only one enantiomer may improve the bioactivity of a drug, as well as reduce the incidence and intensity of adverse effects. This is of special significance regarding the structure of natural products since the great majority of these compounds contain one or several chiral centres. In the present survey, we discuss the impact of chirality on anticancer chemotherapy and highlight the recent developments in this area. Particular attention has been given to synthetic derivatives of drugs of natural origin, as naturally occurring compounds constitute a major pool of new pharmacological leads. Studies have been selected which report the differential activity of the enantiomers or the activities of a single enantiomer and the racemate.
Collapse
|
30
|
Relationship of Sulfatides Physiological Function and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2059-2065. [PMID: 36879104 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfatides are unique sphingolipids present in the serum and the plasma membrane. Sulfatides exert important functions in a number of systems in the human body, including the nervous, immune, cardiovascular, and coagulation systems.Furthermore, it is closely related to tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a class of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, which is a potential regulator of sulfatides. This review not only summarizes the current knowledge on the physiological functions of sulfatides in various systems, but also discusses the possible PPARα regulatory mechanisms in sulfatide metabolism and functions. The results of the present analysis provide deep insights and further novel ideas for expanding the research on the physiological function and clinical application of sulfatides.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ruan ML, Liu Y, Zhang C, Mao X, Hu D, Lok CN, Yam JWP, Che CM. Dihydroartemisinin engages liver fatty acid binding protein and suppresses metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2747-2750. [PMID: 36757177 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin non-covalently binds liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1) with micromolar affinity, acts as a FABP1-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist and inhibits metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Ruan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. .,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Tavakoli-Far B, Iranshahi S, Ghaemi F, Akbarizadeh MR, Amin AH, Abedi Kiasari B, Mohammadzadeh Shabestari A. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the modulation of hyperinflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection: A perspective for COVID-19 therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127358. [PMID: 36875108 PMCID: PMC9981974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower and upper respiratory tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with the induction of a cascade of uncontrolled inflammatory responses in the host, ultimately leading to hyperinflammation or cytokine storm. Indeed, cytokine storm is a hallmark of SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis, directly related to the severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Considering the lack of any definitive treatment for COVID-19, targeting key inflammatory factors to regulate the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients could be a fundamental step to developing effective therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, in addition to well-defined metabolic actions, especially lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, there is growing evidence of a central role of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ in the control of inflammatory signals in various human inflammatory diseases. This makes them attractive targets for developing therapeutic approaches to control/suppress the hyperinflammatory response in patients with severe COVID-19. In this review, we (1) investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by PPARs and their ligands during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (2) on the basis of the recent literature, highlight the importance of PPAR subtypes for the development of promising therapeutic approaches against the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Setare Iranshahi
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Ghaemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Reza Akbarizadeh
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh Shabestari
- Department of Dental Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Khorasan Covid-19 Scientific Committee, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Silva RHN, Machado TQ, da Fonseca ACC, Tejera E, Perez-Castillo Y, Robbs BK, de Sousa DP. Molecular Modeling and In Vitro Evaluation of Piplartine Analogs against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041675. [PMID: 36838660 PMCID: PMC9964404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a principal cause of death in the world, and providing a better quality of life and reducing mortality through effective pharmacological treatment remains a challenge. Among malignant tumor types, squamous cell carcinoma-esophageal cancer (EC) is usually located in the mouth, with approximately 90% located mainly on the tongue and floor of the mouth. Piplartine is an alkamide found in certain species of the genus Piper and presents many pharmacological properties including antitumor activity. In the present study, the cytotoxic potential of a collection of piplartine analogs against human oral SCC9 carcinoma cells was evaluated. The analogs were prepared via Fischer esterification reactions, alkyl and aryl halide esterification, and a coupling reaction with PyBOP using the natural compound 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid as a starting material. The products were structurally characterized using 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry for the unpublished compounds. The compound 4-methoxy-benzyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (9) presented an IC50 of 46.21 µM, high selectively (SI > 16), and caused apoptosis in SCC9 cancer cells. The molecular modeling study suggested a multi-target mechanism of action for the antitumor activity of compound 9 with CRM1 as the main target receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne H. N. Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Thaíssa Q. Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Science for Health Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina C. da Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tejera
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170516, Ecuador
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Área de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170516, Ecuador
| | - Bruno K. Robbs
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, Brazil
- Correspondence: (B.K.R.); (D.P.d.S.)
| | - Damião P. de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (B.K.R.); (D.P.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Elbakry MMM, ElBakary NM, Hagag SA, Hemida EHA. Pomegranate Peel Extract Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Ionizing Radiation, Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits MAPK, JAK/STAT3, β-Catenin/NOTCH, and SOCS3 Signaling. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354221151021. [PMID: 36710483 PMCID: PMC9893067 DOI: 10.1177/15347354221151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance is typically blamed for the failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat cancer in clinic patients. To improve the cytotoxicity of tumor cells using radiation in conjunction with specific tumor-selective cytotoxic drugs is crucial. Pomegranate has received overwhelmingly positive feedback as a highly nutritious food for enhancing health and treating a variety of ailments. In the present study, we aimed to examine the effects as well as mechanism of action of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and/or γ-radiation (6-Gy) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines HepG2. The findings of this study showed that PPE treatment of HepG2 cells considerably slowed the proliferation of cancer cells, and its combination with γ-irradiation potentiated this action. As a key player in tumor proliferation, and inflammatory cascade induction, the down-regulation of STAT3 following treatment of irradiated and non-irradiated HepG2 cells with PPE as recorded in the present work resulted in reduction of tumor growth, via modulating inflammatory response manifested by (down-regulation of TLR4 expression and NFKB level), suppressing survival markers expressed by reduction of JAK, NOTCH1, β-catenin, SOCS3, and enhancing apoptosis (induction of tumor PPAR-γ and caspase-3) followed by changes in redox tone (expressed by increase in Nrf-2, SOD and catalase activities, and decrease in MDA concentration). In conclusion, PPE might possess a considerable therapeutic potential against HCC in addition to its capability to enhance response of HepG2 cells to gamma radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nermeen M. ElBakary
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt,Nermeen M. ElBakary, Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic-Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed Elzomoor St., Elzohoor Dist., Nasr City, P.O. Box 8029, Cairo 11765, Egypt.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Raheem NM, Mohammed Ali Mahmood N. Azilsartan suppresses the antiapoptotic biomarker and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rat model of cisplatin-induced retinal and optic nerve toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231155092. [PMID: 36930951 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231155092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The local renin-angiotensin system has been discovered in the eyes; thus, this study evaluates the Azilsartan effect in the retina and optic nerve toxicity induced by Cisplatin in vivo. METHODOLOGY Forty-eight male rats were randomly assigned into six groups of 8 animals. Group 1 was healthy control that received 0.5 mL/day of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) orally (PO). Group 2 received a single dose of the 7.0 mg/kg CIS intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL/day of 0.5% CMC-PO. Groups 3 and 4 received 3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg/day of AZIL-PO, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received 3.5 and 7.0 mg/kg/day of AZIL-PO, respectively together with a single dose of 7.0 mg/kg of CIS-IP. The ocular tissue and serum estimated the TNF-α, NF-kβ, and Casp-3. A complete blood count was also measured, and the eye was sent for histological examination. RESULTS The administration of the 3.5 mg/kg AZIL significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the ocular tissue and serum TNF-α, NF-kB, and Casp-3 levels, when given to CIS treated group, while the 7.0 mg/kg AZIL does not. Additionally, azilsartan shows no negative impact on the CBC in rats. Finally, the eye histological examination showed a significant (p < 0.05) drop in the signs of inflammation and cellular degeneration, particularly after administration of the 3.5 mg/kg AZIL to the CIS-treated group. CONCLUSION A low dose of AZIL exerts an anti-inflammation and an anti-apoptotic effect through significant suppression of the pro-inflammatory mediators and an apoptotic biomarker by blocking the local angiotensin II type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Majid Raheem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 275719University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Naza Mohammed Ali Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, 275719University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li SC, Yan LJ, Wei XL, Jia ZK, Yang JJ, Ning XH. A novel risk model of three SUMOylation genes based on RNA expression for potential prognosis and treatment sensitivity prediction in kidney cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1038457. [PMID: 37201027 PMCID: PMC10185777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1038457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Kidney cancer is one of the most common and lethal urological malignancies. Discovering a biomarker that can predict prognosis and potential drug treatment sensitivity is necessary for managing patients with kidney cancer. SUMOylation is a type of posttranslational modification that could impact many tumor-related pathways through the mediation of SUMOylation substrates. In addition, enzymes that participate in the process of SUMOylation can also influence tumorigenesis and development. Methods: We analyzed the clinical and molecular data which were obtanied from three databases, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and ArrayExpress. Results: Through analysis of differentially expressed RNA based on the total TCGA-KIRC cohort, it was found that 29 SUMOylation genes were abnormally expressed, of which 17 genes were upregulated and 12 genes were downregulated in kidney cancer tissues. A SUMOylation risk model was built based on the discovery TCGA cohort and then validated successfully in the validation TCGA cohort, total TCGA cohort, CPTAC cohort, and E-TMAB-1980 cohort. Furthermore, the SUMOylation risk score was analyzed as an independent risk factor in all five cohorts, and a nomogram was constructed. Tumor tissues in different SUMOylation risk groups showed different immune statuses and varying sensitivity to the targeted drug treatment. Discussion: In conclusion, we examined the RNA expression status of SUMOylation genes in kidney cancer tissues and developed and validated a prognostic model for predicting kidney cancer outcomes using three databases and five cohorts. Furthermore, the SUMOylation model can serve as a biomarker for selecting appropriate therapeutic drugs for kidney cancer patients based on their RNA expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Jie Yan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu-Liang Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Kui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jian Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Ning
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang-Hui Ning,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Joshua J, Caswell J, O’Sullivan ML, Wood G, Fonfara S. Feline myocardial transcriptome in health and in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-A translational animal model for human disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283244. [PMID: 36928240 PMCID: PMC10019628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats, characterized by primary left ventricular hypertrophy. Feline HCM closely resembles human HCM and is suggested as translational animal model for the human disease. A genetic cause is established in humans and suspected for cats, but little is known about the gene expression and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of HCM. To investigate the myocardial transcriptome changes in HCM, RNA sequencing was conducted on left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) samples of healthy cats and cats with HCM (each n = 5; 20 samples). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to determine functional pathways, regulators, and networks. Distinct gene expression profiles were identified in the LV and LA of the feline healthy and HCM myocardium. Analysis of differentially expressed mRNAs (>2 fold; FDR < 0.01) found chamber-specific (LV vs. LA) expression in both healthy and HCM groups, with higher transcriptional activity in the LA. Genes that contribute to the distinct structure and function of each chamber in health and HCM were identified in the regional comparison. The gene expression profiles of HCM compared to healthy hearts revealed disease related genes, including THBS4 and KLHL33 (LV), FAM177B and THRSP (LA), the latter 3 have not been reported for the myocardium so far, as the top differently expressed genes in the HCM heart. Differently expressed genes and functional pathways found in the HCM heart are associated with cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, inflammation, microvascular changes, calcium signaling and cardiac metabolism, with some regional differences. RhoGDI-RhoGTPase signaling, integrin and ILK signaling pathways, the LXR/RXR pathway in the LA, and the PPARα/RXRα, HIF1α and CXCR4 pathways in the LV might be of particular importance in the HCM disease process. This study identified region-specific myocardial gene transcription patterns as well as novel genes and pathways associated with HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Joshua
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Pathobiology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Caswell
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Pathobiology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Lynne O’Sullivan
- University of Prince Edward Island, Department of Companion Animals, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wood
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Pathobiology, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonja Fonfara
- University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Studies, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Benchama O, Malamas MS, Praveen K, Ethier EC, Williams MK, Makriyannis A, Avraham HK. Inhibition of triple negative breast cancer-associated inflammation and progression by N- acylethanolamine acid amide hydrolase (NAAA). Sci Rep 2022; 12:22255. [PMID: 36564457 PMCID: PMC9789040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with high mortality due to the high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lack of targeted therapies. N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase that promotes inflammatory responses through the deactivation of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous bioactive lipid mediator. Here, we examined NAAA expression in TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-BrM2 cells) and the effects of NAAA inhibition on TNBC tumor growth, using a selective NAAA inhibitor AM11095 (IC50 = 20 nM). TNBC cells expressed elevated levels of full-length and splice mRNAs naaa variants. TNBC cells also express the N-acyl ethanol amides and elevated levels of the two fatty acid cores arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA). PEA or AM11095 inhibited the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, reduced the activation of the NF-kB pathway, decreased the expression of VEGF and Placental growth factor (PLGF) in TNBCs, and inhibited tumor cell migration in vitro. Using cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), body images of mice administered with human MDA-MB-BrM2 cells treated with AM11095 showed a significant decrease in tumor numbers with a lower volume of tumors and increased mice survival. Mice untreated or treated with vehicle control showed a high number of tumors with high volumes in multiple organs. Thus, NAAA inhibition may constitute a potential therapeutic approach in the management of TNBC-associated inflammation and tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Benchama
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Center of Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael S. Malamas
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Center of Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kulkarni Praveen
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Center for Translational Neuroimaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Ethier
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Center of Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Center of Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Hava Karsenty Avraham
- grid.261112.70000 0001 2173 3359Center of Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Endogenous stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for cancer therapy: From bench to bedside. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Niu Y, Tang S. Circadian clock-mediated nuclear receptors in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4428-4442. [PMID: 36250982 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Circadian system coordinates the daily periodicity of physiological and biochemical functions to adapt to environmental changes. Circadian disruption has been identified to increase the risk of cancer and promote cancer progression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. And further mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk between clock components and cancer is urgent to achieve clinical anticancer benefits from chronochemotherapy. Recent studies discover that several nuclear receptors regulating circadian clock, also play crucial roles in mediating multiple cancer processes. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest developments of clock-related nuclear receptors in cancer biology and dissect mechanistic insights into how nuclear receptors coordinate with circadian clock to regulate tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. A better understanding of circadian clock-related nuclear receptors in cancer could help prevent tumorigenesis and improve anticancer efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Niu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sathua KB, Singh RK. Mitochondrial biogenesis alteration in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic interventions. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kshirod Bihari Sathua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Lucknow, India
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Renu K, Veeraraghavan VP, Raj A T, Patil S, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α): A new therapeutic target for oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 132:106007. [PMID: 35809505 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Thirumal Raj A
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600 130, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Idowu OK, Oluyomi OO, Faniyan OO, Dosumu OO, Akinola OB. The synergistic ameliorative activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and gamma agonists, fenofibrate and pioglitazone, on hippocampal neurodegeneration in a rat model of insulin resistance. IBRAIN 2022; 8:251-263. [PMID: 37786742 PMCID: PMC10528802 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have been proven to mitigate the neuronal pathology associated with IR. However, the synergetic efficacy of these agonists is yet to be fully described. Hence, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of PPARα/γ agonists (fenofibrate and pioglitazone) on a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. Male Wistar rats (200 ± 25 mg/body weight [BW]) were divided into five groups. The experimental groups were fed on an HFD for 12 weeks coupled with 5 days of an STZ injection (30 mg/kg/BW, i.p) to induce IR. Fenofibrate (FEN; 100 mg/kg/BW, orally), pioglitazone (PIO; 20 mg/kg/BW, orally), and their combination were administered for 2 weeks postinduction. Behavioral tests were conducted, and blood was collected to determine insulin sensitivity after treatment. Animals were killed for assessment of oxidative stress, cellular morphology characterization, and astrocytic evaluation. HFD/STZ-induced IR increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Evidence of cellular alterations and overexpression of astrocytic protein was observed in the hippocampus. By contrast, monotherapy of FEN and PIO increased the GSH level (p < 0.05), decreased the MDA level (p < 0.05), and improved cellular morphology and astrocytic expression. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to improved therapeutic activities compared to monotherapies. In conclusion, FEN and PIO exerted a therapeutic synergistic effect on HFD/STZ-induced IR in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oluwatomisin O. Faniyan
- Department of Physiology, School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Buffalo Milk Whey Activates Necroptosis and Apoptosis in a Xenograft Model of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158464. [PMID: 35955595 PMCID: PMC9368892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent pharmacological research on milk whey, a byproduct of the dairy industry, has identified several therapeutic properties that could be exploited in modern medicine. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of whey from Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk. The antitumour effect of delactosed milk whey (DMW) was evaluated using the HCT116 xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). There were no discernible differences in tumour growth between treated and untreated groups. Nevertheless, haematoxylin and eosin staining of the xenograft tissues showed clearer signs of different cell death in DMW-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Detailed biochemical and molecular biological analyses revealed that DMW was able to downregulate the protein expression levels of c-myc, phospho-Histone H3 (ser 10) and p-ERK. Moreover, DMW also activated RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL axis in tumour tissues from xenograft mice, thus, suggesting a necroptotic effect. The necroptotic pathway was accompanied by activation of the apoptotic pathway as revealed by increased expression of both cleaved caspase-3 and PARP-1. At the molecular level, DMW-induced cell death was also associated with (i) upregulation of SIRT3, SIRT6, and PPAR-γ and (ii) downregulation of LDHA and PPAR-α. Overall, our results unveil the potential of whey as a source of biomolecules of food origin in the clinical setting of novel strategies for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
|
45
|
Katoch S, Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as a therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma: Experimental and clinical scenarios. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3535-3554. [PMID: 36161051 PMCID: PMC9372809 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i28.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer worldwide. Viral hepatitis is a significant risk factor for HCC, although metabolic syndrome and diabetes are more frequently associated with the HCC. With increasing prevalence, there is expected to be > 1 million cases annually by 2025. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish potential therapeutic targets to cure this disease. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the patho-physiology of HCC. Many synthetic agonists of PPARγ suppress HCC in experimental studies and clinical trials. These synthetic agonists have shown promising results by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCC cells and preventing the invasion and metastasis of HCC. However, some synthetic agonists also pose severe side effects in addition to their therapeutic efficacy. Thus natural PPARγ agonists can be an alternative to exploit this potential target for HCC treatment. In this review, the regulatory role of PPARγ in the pathogenesis of HCC is elucidated. Furthermore, the experimental and clinical scenario of both synthetic and natural PPARγ agonists against HCC is discussed. Most of the available literature advocates PPARγ as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Katoch
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Al-khfajy WS, Arif IS, Al-sudani BT. Synergistic effect of obeticholic acid and fasting-mimicking on proliferative, migration, and survival signaling in prostate cancer. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e81452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic and resistant nature of the androgen-independent stage of prostate cancers makes it largely incurable even after intensive multimodal therapy. Apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two fundamental events that are deeply linked to carcinogenesis. Hence, it is necessary to find a new combination of several therapies targeting apoptosis and EMT without causing side effects. Several recent studies have indicated that the Farnesoid X receptor is extensively associated with human tumorigenesis. The FXR agonist obeticholic acid (INT 747) has preliminarily exhibited a tumor suppressor potential. In this present study, we assess the potential synergism of FXR activation under nutrient deprivation in prostate cancer cell lines to investigate whether FXR activation enhances starvation-induced apoptosis in PC3 cells. In this study, PC-3 treatment with INT 747 significantly repressed cell proliferation and clonogenic potential. In addition, it significantly induced apoptosis of PC-3 cells and decreased their cancerogenic potential, as evaluated by annexin v apoptosis and transwell migration assay, respectively. The decreased expression of pro-caspase 3 by western blot analysis further confirmed INT 747-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) potentiated the antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antimetastatic effects of INT 747. Mechanistically, these effects were mediated through the downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of PTEN. In conclusion, INT 747 alone markedly decreases, and when combined with FMD abrogates the growth and migration of PC-3 cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Shaikh S, You HJ, Lee EY, Ali S, Lee EJ, Choi I. Molecular Mechanisms and Current Treatment Options for Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092107. [PMID: 35565236 PMCID: PMC9105812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The primary characteristics of cancer cachexia are weakness, weight loss, atrophy, fat reduction, and systemic inflammation. Cachexia is strongly associated with cancers involving the lungs, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and liver, which account for half of all cancer deaths. TGF-β, MSTN, activin, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways are known to underlie muscle atrophy and cachexia. Anamorelin (appetite stimulation), megestrol acetate, eicosapentaenoic acid, phytocannabinoids, targeting MSTN/activin, and molecules targeting proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, are being tested as treatment options for cancer cachexia. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a condition marked by functional, metabolic, and immunological dysfunctions associated with skeletal muscle (SM) atrophy, adipose tissue loss, fat reduction, systemic inflammation, and anorexia. Generally, the condition is caused by a variety of mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are known to play roles in cachexia, and thus, these pathways are considered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia and the available therapeutic options and was undertaken to increase understanding of the various factors/pathways/mediators involved and to identify potential treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Hye Jin You
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (E.-Y.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyaan 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.J.Y.); (E.-Y.L.)
| | - Shahid Ali
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.L.); (I.C.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (S.S.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.L.); (I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hsu PC, Hsu CC, Hsia YJ, Kuo CY. Chrysophanol Suppresses Cell Growth via mTOR/PPAR-α Regulation and ROS Accumulation in Cultured Human Tongue Squamous Carcinoma SAS Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1528-1538. [PMID: 35723362 PMCID: PMC9164035 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, a type of head and neck cancer, can pose a significant risk of death unless diagnosed and treated early. Alternative treatments are urgently needed owing to the high mortality rate, limitations of conventional treatments, and many complications. The anthraquinone compound chrysophanol acts as a tumor suppressor on some types of cancer cells. To date, it has not been clarified how chrysophanol affects human tongue squamous carcinoma. This study was aimed to examine the effects of chrysophanol on oral cancer treatment. The results show that chrysophanol caused cell death, reduced the expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We also used two ion chelators, deferoxamine (DFO) and liproxstatin-1 (Lipro), to further determine whether chrysophanol inhibits cell growth and regulates mTOR/PPAR-α expression and ROS production, both of which are involved in iron homeostasis. The results show that DFO and Lipro reversed the increase in cell death, downregulation of mTOR/PPAR-α, and decrease in ROS accumulation. In conclusion, chrysophanol inhibits the growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by modulating mTOR/PPAR-α and by causing ROS accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jan Hsia
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (P.-C.H.); (C.-C.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chan-Yen Kuo
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +886-2-6628-9009
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Fang B, Yoo G, Lee PJ, Qiu Y, Lee SH, Lee JS, Yoo HM, Cho N. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate the Anti-Breast Cancer Mechanisms of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221077820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) possesses potential antitumor activity; however, the mechanism underlying its anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer is unclear. In this study, we explored potential SSD targets for breast cancer treatment through a network pharmacology approach. First, by integrating multiple databases, a total of 16 potential bioactive compounds and 252 targets were screened. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by analyzing breast cancer gene chip data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. By overlapping drug targets and DEGs, 33 common targets were found; their functions were further analyzed with Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis. A network of 16 compounds and 33 common targets was constructed, from which 10 hub targets were identified using CytoHubba. Based on the KEGG result and network analysis, the 33 common targets were mainly enriched in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and PPARγ was identified as the potential target of SSD. Moreover, the 10 hub targets were correlated with prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer via bioinformatic analysis. Finally, molecular docking and experiments in vitro further verified the targeting ability and anti-breast cancer activity of SSD. SSD is promising in the treatment of breast cancer; PPARγ may be its potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yinda Qiu
- Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Morinishi T, Tokuhara Y, Kajihara K, Kawakami S, Tanaka S, Ohsaki H, Matsunaga T, Ibuki E, Hirakawa E. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α expression is associated with histological type in human gastric carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:51. [PMID: 35070300 PMCID: PMC8764659 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Gastric carcinoma is histologically subdivided into differentiated and undifferentiated carcinoma, with the latter including poorly differentiated carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). Poorly differentiated carcinoma and SRCC have a worse prognosis compared with differentiated carcinoma. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors and the PPAR-α subtype regulates important cellular functions, including cell proliferation, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, immune responses and cell differentiation. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the associations between clinicopathological factors and PPAR-α expression in patients with gastric carcinoma. The immunohistochemical staining of specimens obtained from 57 patients showed that PPAR-α expression was slightly weaker in undifferentiated carcinoma than in differentiated carcinoma (P<0.01). PPAR-α expression also significantly differed between poorly differentiated carcinoma (both positive and negative: 14/20, 70%) and SRCC (not expressed: 0/7, 0%) (P<0.01). However, PPAR-α expression was not significantly affected by age, lymph node invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion or stage. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that the downregulated expression of PPAR-α may play a key role in the biological transformation of tumors. Therefore, PPAR-α appears to be an important protein related to histology and may hold promise as a prognostic marker. Further studies with a larger number of subjects are needed to elucidate the relationship between PPAR-α expression and tumor progression and to analyze long-term clinical survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Morinishi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tokuhara
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kajihara
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Shunsei Kawakami
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tanaka
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Toru Matsunaga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Emi Ibuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Hirakawa
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| |
Collapse
|