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Mohseni S, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M, Azadbakht L, Khashayar P, Larijani B. Effect of vitamins C and E on cancer survival; a systematic review. Daru 2022; 30:427-441. [PMID: 36136247 PMCID: PMC9715902 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between vitamins C (VC)/ E (VE) and cancer survival is inconsistent. This systematic review is aimed to summarize trials for effects of VC/VE on cancer survival. METHODS Relevant English trials were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus databases, and Clinicaltrials.gov through 21/June/2022. Inclusion criteria were all trials which assessed sole/combinations intake of VC/VE on survival rate, mortality, or remission of any cancer. Exclusion criteria were observational and animal studies. RESULTS We reached 30 trials conducted on 38,936 patients with various cancers. Due to severe methodological heterogeneity, meta-analysis was impossible. High dose VC + chemotherapy or radiation was safe with an overall survival (OS) 182 days - 21.5 months. Sole oral or intravenous high dose VC was safe with non-significant change in OS (2.9-8.2 months). VE plus chemotherapy was safe, resulted in stabling diseases for 5 years in 70- 86.7% of patients and OS 109 months. It was found 60% and 16% non-significant reductions in adjusted hazard ratio (HR) deaths or recurrence by 200 mg/d tocotrienol + tamoxifen in breast cancer, respectively. Sole intake of 200-3200 mg/d tocotrienol before resectable pancreatic cancer was safe and significantly increased cancer cells' apoptosis. Combination VC and VE was non-significantly reduced 7% in rate of neoplastic gastric polyp. CONCLUSION Although our study is supported improvement of survival and progression rates of cancers by VC/VE, more high quality trials with large sample sizes are required to confirm. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020152795.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Mohseni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for microsystem technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinical Science Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Huarte E, Serra G, Monteagudo-Mera A, Spencer J, Cid C, de Peña MP. Raw and Sous-Vide-Cooked Red Cardoon Stalks ( Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC): (Poly)phenol Bioaccessibility, Anti-inflammatory Activity in the Gastrointestinal Tract, and Prebiotic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9270-9286. [PMID: 34347467 PMCID: PMC8389834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activity and the content and profile of bioaccessible (poly)phenols and catabolites of raw and sous-vide-cooked red cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis DC) were investigated during gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Raw cardoon after in vitro GI digestion had 0.7% bioaccessible (poly)phenols, which protected against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by counteracting IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 secretions in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Contrarily, GI-digested sous vide cardoon showed higher (poly)phenol bioaccessibility (59.8%) and exerted proinflammatory effects in Caco-2 cells. (Poly)phenols were highly metabolized during the first 8 h of in vitro fermentation, and nine catabolites were produced during 48 h of fermentation. Colonic-fermented raw and sous-vide-cooked cardoon did not show anti-inflammatory activity in HT-29 cells but presented potential prebiotic activity, comparable to the commercial prebiotic FOS, by stimulating health-promoting bacteria such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus spp. and by increasing the production of total SCFAs, especially acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Huarte
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad
de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad
de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gessica Serra
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP Reading, U.K.
| | - Andrea Monteagudo-Mera
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP Reading, U.K.
| | - Jeremy Spencer
- Department
of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University
of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 226, RG6 6AP Reading, U.K.
| | - Concepción Cid
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad
de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad
de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA,
Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-Paz de Peña
- Departamento
de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología, Facultad
de Farmacia y Nutrición, Universidad
de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA,
Navarra Institute for Health Research, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Pelland-St-Pierre L, Sernoskie SC, Verner MA, Ho V. Genotoxic effect of meat consumption: A mini review. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2021; 863-864:503311. [PMID: 33678247 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified the consumption of processed meat as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and red meat as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) based on sufficient data from animal models and epidemiological studies. However, research characterising the mechanisms underlying this carcinogenic process in humans are limited, particularly with respect to measures of direct DNA damage. The current review sought to evaluate and summarize the recent literature, published since 2000, regarding the associations of meat consumption and three biomarkers of genotoxicity in humans: DNA strand breaks (measured using the comet assay), DNA adducts, and micronucleus formation. After screening 230 potential articles, 35 were included, and then were classified as experimental or observational in design, the latter of which were further categorized according to their dietary assessment approach. Among the 30 observational studies, 4 of which used two different assays, 3 of 5 comet assay studies, 13 of 20 DNA adduct studies, and 7 of 9 micronucleus studies reported a positive association between meat consumption and DNA damage. Among the 5 experimental studies, 1 of 1 using the comet assay, 3 of 3 measuring DNA adducts and 0 of 1 measuring micronuclei reported significant positive associations with meat consumption. Nevertheless, common limitations among the selected publications included small sample size, and poor methodological reporting of both exposure and outcome measures. Moreover, the vast majority of studies only measured DNA damage in one biological sample using a single assay and we cannot exclude the possibility of publication bias. Ultimately, our review of the literature, published since 2000, revealed a preponderance of studies that support mechanisms of genotoxicity in playing an important role in the meat-cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pelland-St-Pierre
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samantha Christine Sernoskie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vikki Ho
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Health Innovation and Evaluation Hub, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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4
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Vernia F, Longo S, Stefanelli G, Viscido A, Latella G. Dietary Factors Modulating Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010143. [PMID: 33401525 PMCID: PMC7824178 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer, responsible for 9% of cancer-related deaths, is favored by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The modification of diet and lifestyle may modify the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and prevent neoplasia in up to 50% of cases. The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of fat, red meat and processed meat has emerged as an important contributor. Conversely, a high intake of dietary fiber partially counteracts the unfavorable effects of meat through multiple mechanisms, including reduced intestinal transit time and dilution of carcinogenic compounds. Providing antioxidants (e.g., vitamins C and E) and leading to increased intraluminal production of protective fermentation products, like butyrate, represent other beneficial and useful effects of a fiber-rich diet. Protective effects on the risk of developing colorectal cancer have been also advocated for some specific micronutrients like vitamin D, selenium, and calcium. Diet-induced modifications of the gut microbiota modulate colonic epithelial cell homeostasis and carcinogenesis. This can have, under different conditions, opposite effects on the risk of CRC, through the production of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents or, conversely, of protective compounds. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent evidence on the role of diet as a potential risk factor for the development of colorectal malignancies, as well as providing possible prevention dietary strategies.
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5
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Prete R, Perugini M, Merola C, Battista N, Corsetti A. Probiotic antigenotoxic activity as a DNA bioprotective tool: a minireview with focus on endocrine disruptors. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:fnaa041. [PMID: 32124914 PMCID: PMC7082702 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the interest in the role of dietary components able to influence the composition and the activity of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, to modulate the risk of genotoxicity and colon cancer is increasing in the scientific community. Within this topic, the microbial ability to have a protective role at gastrointestinal level by counteracting the biological activity of genotoxic compounds, and thus preventing the DNA damage, is deemed important in reducing gut pathologies and is considered a new tool for probiotics and functional foods. A variety of genotoxic compounds can be found in the gut and, besides food-related mutagens and other DNA-reacting compounds, there is a group of pollutants commonly used in food packaging and/or in thousands of everyday products called endocrine disruptors (EDs). EDs are exogenous substances that alter the functions of the endocrine system through estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity, which interfere with normal hormonal function in human and wildlife. Thus, this paper summarizes the main applications of probiotics, mainly lactobacilli, as a bio-protective tool to counteract genotoxic and mutagenic agents, by biologically inhibiting the related DNA damage in the gut and highlights the emerging perspectives to enlarge and further investigate the microbial bio-protective role at intestinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Monia Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmine Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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6
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Markowiak P, Śliżewska K, Nowak A, Chlebicz A, Żbikowski A, Pawłowski K, Szeleszczuk P. Probiotic microorganisms detoxify ochratoxin A in both a chicken liver cell line and chickens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4309-4318. [PMID: 30828814 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) is a promising method for detoxification of ochratoxin A (OTA) in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of five probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain, from three different synbiotics for poultry, to detoxify OTA. In addition, we also investigated the genotoxicity of faecal water (FW) of chickens after administering OTA and/or synbiotics for 42 days. RESULTS All tested LAB and yeast strains had the ability to detoxify OTA by significant (P < 0.05) reducing its concentration (by 31.3-47.7% and 31.9%, respectively, after 24 h incubation) and genotoxicity (by 22.6-51.8% and 52.7%, respectively). Synbiotics composed of four and five probiotic strains significantly (P < 0.05) decreased FW genotoxicity of chicks, after exposure to OTA, to the level seen in the control group (21.8% ± 1.7%) and were more effective than synbiotics composed of three probiotic strains (31.5%). CONCLUSION These results showed that there was a beneficial effect of the synbiotics on the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Furthermore, synbiotic preparations containing four or five of tested strains can be considered as preventive agents in the contamination of poultry with OTA. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Markowiak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Śliżewska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chlebicz
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Artur Żbikowski
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Pawłowski
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Szeleszczuk
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Thapa D, Richardson AJ, Zweifel B, Wallace RJ, Gratz SW. Genoprotective Effects of Essential Oil Compounds Against Oxidative and Methylated DNA Damage in Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1979-1985. [PMID: 31206673 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are widely used in foods as flavoring and preservative agents. Many of the biological activities of EO have been attributed to major essential oil compounds (EOC) but their direct interaction with colonic epithelial cells and their genotoxic and genoprotective effects are not well established. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of EOC including nerolidol, thymol, geraniol, methylisoeugenol, eugenol, linalool, and a commercial blend (Agolin) were determined. Furthermore, the genoprotective effects of EOC against oxidative and methylating damage were assessed using the comet assay in HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. The majority of EOC were cytotoxic to HT-29 cells at or above 250 ppm after 24 hr exposure. At noncytotoxic doses, none of the EOC was genotoxic in the comet assay. Genoprotection against oxidative DNA damage was observed for nerolidol (at 62.5 ppm), thymol (at 12.5 ppm), geraniol, and methylisoeugenol (both at 125 ppm), as well as linalool and Agolin (both at 250 ppm). Thymol was the most protective compound against oxidative DNA damage and geraniol (at 125 ppm) also protected cells against methylating DNA damage. This study highlights the potential of EOC such as thymol to protect the colonic epithelium against oxidative DNA damage and geraniol against methylating DNA damage. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm these findings for safety and efficacy to exploit their potential pharmaceutical or nutraceutical uses for colonic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | | | - R John Wallace
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Silvia W Gratz
- Rowett Inst., Univ. of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
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8
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Cattò C, Garuglieri E, Borruso L, Erba D, Casiraghi MC, Cappitelli F, Villa F, Zecchin S, Zanchi R. Impacts of dietary silver nanoparticles and probiotic administration on the microbiota of an in-vitro gut model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:754-763. [PMID: 30500755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ingestion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is inevitable linked to their widespread use in food, medicines and other consumer products. However, their effects on human microbiota at non-lethal concentrations remain poorly understood. In this study, the interactions among 1 μg mL-1 AgNPs, the intestinal microbiota, and the probiotic Bacillus subtilis (BS) were tested using in-vitro batch fermentation models inoculated with human fecal matter. Results from metagenomic investigations revealed that the core bacterial community was not affected by the exposure of AgNPs and BS at the later stage of fermentation, while the proportions of rare species changed drastically with the treatments. Furthermore, shifts in the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes (F/B) ratios were observed after 24 h with an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes species and a decrease in Bacteroidetes in all fermentation cultures. The co-exposure to AgNPs and BS led to the lowest F/B ratio. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization analyses indicated that non-lethal concentration of AgNPs negatively affected the relative percentage of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectales taxa in the fermentation cultures after 24 h. However, exposure to single and combined treatments of AgNPs and BS did not change the overall diversity of the fecal microflora. Functional differences in cell motility, translation, transport, and xenobiotics degradation occurred in AgNPs-treated fermentation cultures but not in AgNPs+BS-treated samples. Compared to the control samples, treated fecal cultures showed no significant statistical differences in terms of short-chain fatty acids profiles, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on Caco-2 cell monolayers. Overall, AgNPs did not affect the composition and diversity of the core fecal microflora and its metabolic and toxic profiles. This work indicated a chemopreventive role of probiotic on fecal microflora against AgNPs, which were shown by the decrease of F/B ratio and the unaltered state of some key metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cattò
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Garuglieri
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Daniela Erba
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappitelli
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Villa
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Sarah Zecchin
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanchi
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Hemeryck LY, Rombouts C, De Paepe E, Vanhaecke L. DNA adduct profiling of in vitro colonic meat digests to map red vs. white meat genotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 115:73-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Mundi M, Mikal KM, Ahmed OH, Sarbini SR. A review on the effects of prebiotics on cell toxicity and integrity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1326937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morven Mundi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kathleen Michelle Mikal
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
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11
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Sobiecki JG. Vegetarianism and colorectal cancer risk in a low-selenium environment: effect modification by selenium status? A possible factor contributing to the null results in British vegetarians. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1819-1832. [PMID: 28191611 PMCID: PMC5534195 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the consistent findings of lower total cancer incidence in vegetarians than in meat-eaters in the UK, the results of studies of colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in British vegetarians have largely been null. This was in contrast to the hypothesis of a decreased risk of CRC in this population due to null intake of red and processed meats and increased intake of fibre. Although the data are inconsistent, it has been suggested that selenium (Se) status may influence CRC risk. METHODS A literature review was performed of studies on CRC risk in vegetarians, Se intakes and status in vegetarians, and changes of Se intakes and status in the UK throughout the follow-up periods of studies on CRC risk in British vegetarians. RESULTS Vegetarians in the UK and other low-Se areas were found to have low Se intakes and status compared to non-vegetarians. There was some evidence of a reverse J-shaped curve of Se intakes and status in the UK throughout the last three decades. These presumed patterns were followed by the changes in CRC mortality or incidence in British vegetarians during this period. CONCLUSIONS Available data on Se intake and status in British vegetarians, as well as the relationship between their secular changes in the UK and changes in CRC risk in this dietary group, are compatible with the hypothesis that low Se status may contribute to the largely null results of studies of CRC risk in vegetarians in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub G Sobiecki
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, Warsaw, 04-730, Poland.
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12
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Demeyer D, Mertens B, De Smet S, Ulens M. Mechanisms Linking Colorectal Cancer to the Consumption of (Processed) Red Meat: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2747-66. [PMID: 25975275 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.873886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. The vast majority of CRC cases have been linked to environmental causes rather than to heritable genetic changes. Over the last decades, epidemiological evidence linking the consumption of red and, more convincingly, of processed red meat to CRC has accumulated. In parallel, hypotheses on carcinogenic mechanisms underlying an association between CRC and the intake of red and processed red meat have been proposed and investigated in biological studies. The hypotheses that have received most attention until now include (1) the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines, two groups of compounds recognized as carcinogenic, (2) the enhancing effect of (nitrosyl)heme on the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and lipid peroxidation. However, none of these hypotheses completely explains the link between red and processed red meat intake and the CRC risk. Consequently, scientists have proposed additional mechanisms or refined their hypotheses. This review first briefly summarizes the development of CRC followed by an in-depth overview and critical discussion of the different potential carcinogenic mechanisms underlying the increased CRC risk associated with the consumption of red and processed red meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Demeyer
- a Superior Health Council , Brussels , Belgium.,b Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Melle , Belgium
| | - Birgit Mertens
- a Superior Health Council , Brussels , Belgium.,c Program Toxicology, Department of Food , Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smet
- a Superior Health Council , Brussels , Belgium.,b Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality , Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Melle , Belgium
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13
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Federici E, Prete R, Lazzi C, Pellegrini N, Moretti M, Corsetti A, Cenci G. Bacterial Composition, Genotoxicity, and Cytotoxicity of Fecal Samples from Individuals Consuming Omnivorous or Vegetarian Diets. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:300. [PMID: 28293225 PMCID: PMC5328950 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzes the composition of viable fecal bacteria and gut toxicology biomarkers of 29 healthy volunteers, who followed omnivorous, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, or vegan diets. In particular, the research was focused on the prevalence of some representative viable bacteria from the four dominant phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) commonly present in human feces, in order to evaluate the relationship between microorganisms selected by the habitual dietary patterns and the potential risk due to fecal water (FW) genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, considered as biomarkers for cancer risk and protective food activity. The relative differences of viable bacteria among dietary groups were generally not statistically significant. However, compared to omnivores, lacto-ovo-vegetarians showed low levels of total anaerobes. Otherwise, vegans showed total anaerobes counts similar to those of omnivores, but with lower number of bifidobacteria and the highest levels of bacteria from the Bacteroides–Prevotella genera. FW genotoxicity of lacto-ovo-vegetarians resulted significantly lower either in relation to that of omnivores and vegans. Lacto-ovo-vegetarians also showed the lowest levels of cytotoxicity, while the highest were found for vegans. These results highlighted that lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet was particularly effective in a favorable modulation of microbial activity, thus contributing to a significant reduction of the genotoxic and cytotoxic risk in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanno Federici
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Camilla Lazzi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma Parma, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Moretti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cenci
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy
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14
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Hammerling U, Bergman Laurila J, Grafström R, Ilbäck NG. Consumption of Red/Processed Meat and Colorectal Carcinoma: Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Significant Association. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:614-34. [PMID: 25849747 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.972498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology and experimental studies provide an overwhelming support of the notion that diets high in red or processed meat accompany an elevated risk of developing pre-neoplastic colorectal adenoma and frank colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The underlying mechanisms are disputed; thus several hypotheses have been proposed. A large body of reports converges, however, on haem and nitrosyl haem as major contributors to the CRC development, presumably acting through various mechanisms. Apart from a potentially higher intestinal mutagenic load among consumers on a diet rich in red/processed meat, other mechanisms involving subtle interference with colorectal stem/progenitor cell survival or maturation are likewise at play. From an overarching perspective, suggested candidate mechanisms for red/processed meat-induced CRC appear as three partly overlapping tenets: (i) increased N-nitrosation/oxidative load leading to DNA adducts and lipid peroxidation in the intestinal epithelium, (ii) proliferative stimulation of the epithelium through haem or food-derived metabolites that either act directly or subsequent to conversion, and (iii) higher inflammatory response, which may trigger a wide cascade of pro-malignant processes. In this review, we summarize and discuss major findings of the area in the context of potentially pertinent mechanisms underlying the above-mentioned association between consumption of red/processed meat and increased risk of developing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hammerling
- a Cancer Pharmacology & Computational Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergman Laurila
- b Sahlgrenska Biobank, Gothia Forum, Sahlgrenska University Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Roland Grafström
- c Institute of Environmental Medicine, The Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Knowledge Intensive Products and Services, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , Turku , Finland
| | - Nils-Gunnar Ilbäck
- e Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and Uppsala Academic Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
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15
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Turunen KT, Pletsa V, Georgiadis P, Triantafillidis JK, Karamanolis D, Kyriacou A. Impact of β-glucan on the Fecal Water Genotoxicity of Polypectomized Patients. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:560-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1156713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Verbeke KA, Boobis AR, Chiodini A, Edwards CA, Franck A, Kleerebezem M, Nauta A, Raes J, van Tol EAF, Tuohy KM. Towards microbial fermentation metabolites as markers for health benefits of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2015; 28:42-66. [PMID: 26156216 PMCID: PMC4501371 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422415000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Available evidence on the bioactive, nutritional and putative detrimental properties of gut microbial metabolites has been evaluated to support a more integrated view of how prebiotics might affect host health throughout life. The present literature inventory targeted evidence for the physiological and nutritional effects of metabolites, for example, SCFA, the potential toxicity of other metabolites and attempted to determine normal concentration ranges. Furthermore, the biological relevance of more holistic approaches like faecal water toxicity assays and metabolomics and the limitations of faecal measurements were addressed. Existing literature indicates that protein fermentation metabolites (phenol, p-cresol, indole, ammonia), typically considered as potentially harmful, occur at concentration ranges in the colon such that no toxic effects are expected either locally or following systemic absorption. The endproducts of saccharolytic fermentation, SCFA, may have effects on colonic health, host physiology, immunity, lipid and protein metabolism and appetite control. However, measuring SCFA concentrations in faeces is insufficient to assess the dynamic processes of their nutrikinetics. Existing literature on the usefulness of faecal water toxicity measures as indicators of cancer risk seems limited. In conclusion, at present there is insufficient evidence to use changes in faecal bacterial metabolite concentrations as markers of prebiotic effectiveness. Integration of results from metabolomics and metagenomics holds promise for understanding the health implications of prebiotic microbiome modulation but adequate tools for data integration and interpretation are currently lacking. Similarly, studies measuring metabolite fluxes in different body compartments to provide a more accurate picture of their nutrikinetics are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Verbeke
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alan R. Boobis
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Chiodini
- Formerly ILSI Europe, Box 6, Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 83, BE-1200, Brussels, Belgium; now European Commission, Research Executive Agency (REA) Unit B2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine A. Edwards
- Human Nutrition School of Medicine, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Nauta
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven; VIB, Leuven; DBIT, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Kieran M. Tuohy
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
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Brown EM, Nitecki S, Pereira-Caro G, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Rowland I, Crozier A, Gill CIR. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro digestion on polyphenol composition in lingonberries: potential impact on colonic health. Biofactors 2014; 40:611-23. [PMID: 25359330 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The composition of polyphenols in ileal fluid samples obtained from an ileostomy subject after lingonberry intake was compared with lingonberry extracts obtained after simulated in vitro digestion (IVDL) and subsequent faecal fermentation (IVFL). HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis confirmed similar patterns of lingonberry (poly)phenolic metabolism after the in vivo and in vitro digestion, with reduced recovery of anthocyanins and a similar pattern of recovery for proanthocyanidins observed for both methods of digestion. On the other hand, the IVFL sample contained none of the original (poly)phenolic components but was enriched in simple aromatic components. Digested and fermented extracts exhibited significant (P < 0.05) anti-genotoxic (Comet assay), anti-mutagenic (Mutation Frequency assay), and anti-invasive (Matrigel Invasion assay) effects in human cell culture models of colorectal cancer at physiologically-relevant doses (0-50 μg/mL gallic acid equivalents). The ileal fluid induced significant anti-genotoxic activity (P < 0.05), but at a higher concentration (200 μg/mL gallic acid equivalents) than the IVDL. Despite extensive structural modification following digestion and fermentation, lingonberry extracts retained their bioactivity in vitro. This reinforces the need for studies to consider the impact of digestion when investigating bioactivity of dietary phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Brown
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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