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Osuna-Ramos JF, Camberos-Barraza J, Torres-Mondragón LE, Rábago-Monzón ÁR, Camacho-Zamora A, Valdez-Flores MA, Angulo-Rojo CE, Guadrón-Llanos AM, Picos-Cárdenas VJ, Calderón-Zamora L, Magaña-Gómez JA, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Cárdenas-Torres FI, De la Herrán-Arita AK. Interplay between the Glymphatic System and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Brain Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17458. [PMID: 38139290 PMCID: PMC10743431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate mechanisms governing brain health and function have long been subjects of extensive investigation. Recent research has shed light on two pivotal systems, the glymphatic system and the endocannabinoid system, and their profound role within the central nervous system. The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste clearance system within the brain that facilitates the efficient removal of toxic waste products and metabolites from the central nervous system. It relies on the unique properties of the brain's extracellular space and is primarily driven by cerebrospinal fluid and glial cells. Conversely, the endocannabinoid system, a multifaceted signaling network, is intricately involved in diverse physiological processes and has been associated with modulating synaptic plasticity, nociception, affective states, appetite regulation, and immune responses. This scientific review delves into the intricate interconnections between these two systems, exploring their combined influence on brain health and disease. By elucidating the synergistic effects of glymphatic function and endocannabinoid signaling, this review aims to deepen our understanding of their implications for neurological disorders, immune responses, and cognitive well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Osuna-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Josué Camberos-Barraza
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Laura E. Torres-Mondragón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Maestría en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | - Ángel R. Rábago-Monzón
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
- Doctorado en Biomedicina Molecular, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier A. Magaña-Gómez
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Gastronomy, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán 80019, Mexico
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2
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Natale G, Colella M, De Carluccio M, Lelli D, Paffi A, Carducci F, Apollonio F, Palacios D, Viscomi MT, Liberti M, Ghiglieri V. Astrocyte Responses Influence Local Effects of Whole-Brain Magnetic Stimulation in Parkinsonian Rats. Mov Disord 2023; 38:2173-2184. [PMID: 37700489 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive glutamatergic transmission in the striatum is implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. Astrocytes maintain glutamate homeostasis, protecting from excitotoxicity through the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), whose alterations have been reported in PD. Noninvasive brain stimulation using intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) acts on striatal neurons and glia, inducing neuromodulatory effects and functional recovery in experimental parkinsonism. OBJECTIVE Because PD is associated with altered astrocyte function, we hypothesized that acute iTBS, known to rescue striatal glutamatergic transmission, exerts regional- and cell-specific effects through modulation of glial functions. METHODS 6-Hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats were exposed to acute iTBS, and the areas predicted to be more responsive by a biophysical, hyper-realistic computational model that faithfully reconstructs the experimental setting were analyzed. The effects of iTBS on glial cells and motor behavior were evaluated by molecular and morphological analyses, and CatWalk and Stepping test, respectively. RESULTS As predicted by the model, the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum displayed a marked c-FOS activation after iTBS, with the striatum showing specific morphological and molecular changes in the astrocytes, decreased phospho-CREB levels, and recovery of GLAST. Striatal-dependent motor performances were also significantly improved. CONCLUSION These data uncover an unknown iTBS effect on astrocytes, advancing the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in TMS-mediated functional recovery. Data on numerical dosimetry, obtained with a degree of anatomical details never before considered and validated by the biological findings, provide a framework to predict the electric-field induced in different specific brain areas and associate it with functional and molecular changes. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Natale
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Micol Colella
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Carluccio
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Lelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Carducci
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vitorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Section of Histology and Embryology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Liberti
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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3
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Nelson AB, Girasole AE, Lee HY, Ptáček LJ, Kreitzer AC. Striatal Indirect Pathway Dysfunction Underlies Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2835-2848. [PMID: 35165171 PMCID: PMC8973425 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1614-20.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal involuntary movements, or dyskinesias, are seen in many neurologic diseases, including disorders where the brain appears grossly normal. This observation suggests that alterations in neural activity or connectivity may underlie dyskinesias. One influential model proposes that involuntary movements are driven by an imbalance in the activity of striatal direct and indirect pathway neurons (dMSNs and iMSNs, respectively). Indeed, in some animal models, there is evidence that dMSN hyperactivity contributes to dyskinesia. Given the many diseases associated with dyskinesia, it is unclear whether these findings generalize to all forms. Here, we used male and female mice in a mouse model of paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) to assess whether involuntary movements are related to aberrant activity in the striatal direct and indirect pathways. In this model, as in the human disorder PNKD, animals experience dyskinetic attacks in response to caffeine or alcohol. Using optically identified striatal single-unit recordings in freely moving PNKD mice, we found a loss of iMSN firing during dyskinesia bouts. Further, chemogenetic inhibition of iMSNs triggered dyskinetic episodes in PNKD mice. Finally, we found that these decreases in iMSN firing are likely because of aberrant endocannabinoid-mediated suppression of glutamatergic inputs. These data show that striatal iMSN dysfunction contributes to the etiology of dyskinesia in PNKD, and suggest that indirect pathway hypoactivity may be a key mechanism for the generation of involuntary movements in other disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Involuntary movements, or dyskinesias, are part of many inherited and acquired neurologic syndromes. There are few effective treatments, most of which have significant side effects. Better understanding of which cells and patterns of activity cause dyskinetic movements might inform the development of new neuromodulatory treatments. In this study, we used a mouse model of an inherited human form of paroxysmal dyskinesia in combination with cell type-specific tools to monitor and manipulate striatal activity. We were able to narrow in on a specific group of neurons that causes dyskinesia in this model, and found alterations in a well-known form of plasticity in this cell type, endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic LTD. These findings point to new areas for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Nelson
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Allison E Girasole
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | | | - Louis J Ptáček
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program
- Department of Neurology, UCSF
- Department of Physiology, UCSF
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences
- The Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
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4
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Perez S, Cui Y, Vignoud G, Perrin E, Mendes A, Zheng Z, Touboul J, Venance L. Striatum expresses region-specific plasticity consistent with distinct memory abilities. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110521. [PMID: 35294877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum mediates two learning modalities: goal-directed behavior in dorsomedial (DMS) and habits in dorsolateral (DLS) striata. The synaptic bases of these learnings are still elusive. Indeed, while ample research has described DLS plasticity, little remains known about DMS plasticity and its involvement in procedural learning. Here, we find symmetric and asymmetric anti-Hebbian spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in DMS and DLS, respectively, with opposite plasticity dominance upon increasing corticostriatal activity. During motor-skill learning, plasticity is engaged in DMS and striatonigral DLS neurons only during early learning stages, whereas striatopallidal DLS neurons are mobilized only during late phases. With a mathematical modeling approach, we find that symmetric anti-Hebbian STDP favors memory flexibility, while asymmetric anti-Hebbian STDP favors memory maintenance, consistent with memory processes at play in procedural learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Perez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Yihui Cui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France; Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaëtan Vignoud
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France; MAMBA-Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications, Inria Paris, LJLL (UMR-7598) -Laboratory Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Perrin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mendes
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France.
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5
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Liput DJ, Puhl HL, Dong A, He K, Li Y, Lovinger DM. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol mobilization following brief synaptic stimulation in the dorsal lateral striatum requires glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 2022; 205:108916. [PMID: 34896118 PMCID: PMC8843864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several forms of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling have been described in the dorsal lateral striatum (DLS), however most experimental protocols used to generate eCBs do not recapitulate the firing patterns of striatal-projecting pyramidal neurons in the cortex or firing patterns of striatal medium spiny neurons. Therefore, it is unclear if current models of eCB signaling in the DLS provide a reliable description of mechanisms engaged under physiological conditions. To address this uncertainty, we investigated mechanisms of eCB mobilization following brief synaptic stimulation that mimics in vivo patterns of neural activity in the DLS. To monitor eCB mobilization, the novel genetically encoded fluorescent eCB biosensor, GRABeCB2.0, was expressed presynaptically in corticostriatal afferents of C57BL6J mice and evoked eCB transients were measured in the DLS using a brain slice photometry technique. We found that brief bouts of synaptic stimulation induce long lasting eCB transients that were generated predominantly by 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) mobilization. Efficient 2-AG mobilization required coactivation of AMPA and NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors and muscarinic M1 receptors. Dopamine D2 receptors expressed on cholinergic interneurons inhibited 2-AG mobilization by inhibiting acetylcholine release. Collectively, these data uncover unrecognized mechanisms underlying 2-AG mobilization in the DLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Liput
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA,Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Henry L. Puhl
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaikai He
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Maryland 20852, USA,Correspondence:
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6
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Wang M, Liu H, Ma Z. Roles of the Cannabinoid System in the Basal Ganglia in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:832854. [PMID: 35264932 PMCID: PMC8900732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.832854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease usually caused by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and other etiologies. Recent studies have found that the cannabinoid system present in the basal ganglia has a strong influence on the progression of PD. Altering the cannabinoid receptor activation status by modulating endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) levels can exert an anti-movement disorder effect. Therefore, the development of drugs that modulate the endocannabinoid system may be a novel strategy for the treatment of PD. However, eCB regulation is complex, with diverse cannabinoid receptor functions and the presence of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric signals interacting with cannabinoid signaling in the basal ganglia region. Therefore, the study of eCB is challenging. Here, we have described the function of the cannabinoid system in the basal ganglia and its association with PD in three parts (eCBs, cannabinoid receptors, and factors regulating the cannabinoid metabolism) and summarized the mechanisms of action related to the cannabinoid analogs currently aimed at treating PD. The shortcomings identified from previous studies and the directions that should be explored in the future will provide insights into new approaches and ideas for the future development of cannabinoid-based drugs and the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huayuan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zegang Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zegang Ma,
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7
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Deng L, Viray K, Singh S, Cravatt B, Stella N. ABHD6 Controls Amphetamine-Stimulated Hyperlocomotion: Involvement of CB 1 Receptors. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 7:188-198. [PMID: 34705543 PMCID: PMC9070749 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Activation of cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) by endocannabinoids (eCBs) is controlled by both eCB production and eCB inactivation. Accordingly, inhibition of eCB hydrolyzing enzymes, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and α/β-hydrolase domain containing 6 (ABHD6), enhances eCB accumulation and CB1R activation. It is known that inhibition of MAGL regulates select CB1R-dependent behaviors in mice, including locomotor behaviors and their modulation by psychostimulants, but much less is known about the effect of inhibiting ABHD6 activity on such behaviors. Methods: We report a new mouse line that carries a genetic deletion of Abhd6 and evaluated its effect on spontaneous locomotion measured in a home cage monitoring system, motor coordination measured on a Rotarod, and amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion and amphetamine sensitization (AS) measured in an open-field chamber. Results: ABHD6 knockout (KO) mice reached adulthood without exhibiting overt behavioral impairment, and we measured only mild reduction in spontaneous locomotion and motor coordination in adult ABHD6 KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Significantly, amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion was enhanced by twofold in ABHD6 KO mice compared to WT mice and yet ABHD6 KO mice expressed AS to the same extent as WT mice. A twofold increase in amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion was also measured in ABHD6 heterozygote mice and in WT mice treated with the ABHD6 inhibitor KT-182. It is known that amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion is not affected by the CB1R antagonist, SR141617, and we discovered that the enhanced amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion resulting from ABHD6 inhibition is blocked by SR141617. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ABHD6 controls amphetamine-stimulated hyperlocomotion by a mechanistic switch to a CB1R-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katie Viray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ben Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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8
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Caveolin-1 Expression in the Dorsal Striatum Drives Methamphetamine Addiction-Like Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158219. [PMID: 34360984 PMCID: PMC8348638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) function is regulated by membrane/lipid raft-resident protein caveolin-1 (Cav1). We examined whether altered expression of Cav1 in the dorsal striatum would affect self-administration of methamphetamine, an indirect agonist at the D1Rs. A lentiviral construct expressing Cav1 (LV-Cav1) or containing a short hairpin RNA against Cav1 (LV-shCav1) was used to overexpress or knock down Cav1 expression respectively, in the dorsal striatum. Under a fixed-ratio schedule, LV-Cav1 enhanced and LV-shCav1 reduced responding for methamphetamine in an extended access paradigm compared to LV-GFP controls. LV-Cav1 and LV-shCav1 also produced an upward and downward shift in a dose–response paradigm, generating a drug vulnerable/resistant phenotype. LV-Cav1 and LV-shCav1 did not alter responding for sucrose. Under a progressive-ratio schedule, LV-shCav1 generally reduced positive-reinforcing effects of methamphetamine and sucrose as seen by reduced breakpoints. Western blotting confirmed enhanced Cav1 expression in LV-Cav1 rats and reduced Cav1 expression in LV-shCav1 rats. Electrophysiological findings in LV-GFP rats demonstrated an absence of high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dorsal striatum after extended access methamphetamine self-administration, indicating methamphetamine-induced occlusion of plasticity. LV-Cav1 prevented methamphetamine-induced plasticity via increasing phosphorylation of calcium calmodulin kinase II, suggesting a mechanism for addiction vulnerability. LV-shCav1 produced a marked deficit in the ability of HFS to produce LTP and, therefore, extended access methamphetamine was unable to alter striatal plasticity, indicating a mechanism for resistance to addiction-like behavior. Our results demonstrate that Cav1 expression and knockdown driven striatal plasticity assist with modulating addiction to drug and nondrug rewards, and inspire new strategies to reduce psychostimulant addiction.
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9
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Svetel M, Tomić A, Kresojević N, Dragašević N, Kostić V. Perspectives on the pharmacological management of dystonia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1555-1566. [PMID: 33904811 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1919083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment of dystonia is particularly complex due to various etiologies and heterogeneous clinical manifestation, as well as different degrees of disability. In absence of causative treatment, all symptomatic therapy should be predominantly tailored to ameliorate those symptoms (motor and non/motor) that mostly affect patients' daily life and regular activities. Many different treatment options, including oral medications, neurosurgical interventions, physical and occupational therapy are available in treatment of dystonia.Areas covered: The aim of this perspective is to point out different possibilities in pharmacological management of dystonic movements. Due to pure clinical presentation, the authors concentrate mainly on the isolated dystonias, which are presented solely as dystonic movements. Combined and complex dystonias are not instructive due to compound clinical presentation and consequently, complicated treatment. The article is based on a literature search from sources including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PiCarta, and PsycINFO.Expert opinion: Although dystonia therapy should be adapted according to the individual needs, severity, age, type, symptoms distribution and acceptable side-effect profile, certain principles should be followed to reach the optimal result. Furthermore, the authors believe that a better understanding of the pathophysiology of dystonia will bring with it the development of new and improved treatment approaches and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Svetel
- Movement Disorders Department, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Tomić
- Movement Disorders Department, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kresojević
- Movement Disorders Department, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Dragašević
- Movement Disorders Department, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Kostić
- Movement Disorders Department, Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Sallam NA, Borgland SL. Insulin and endocannabinoids in the mesolimbic system. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12965. [PMID: 33856071 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Easy access to palatable food and an abundance of food-related cues exacerbate non-homeostatic feeding. The metabolic and economical sequelae of non-homeostatic feeding outweigh those of homeostatic feeding and contribute significantly to the global obesity pandemic. The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary central circuit that governs the motivation to consume food. Insulin and endocannabinoids (eCBs) are two major, presumably opposing, players in regulating homeostatic and non-homeostatic feeding centrally and peripherally. Insulin is generally regarded as a postprandial satiety signal, whereas eCBs mainly function as pre-prandial orexinergic signals. In this review, we discuss the effects of insulin and eCB-mediated actions within the mesolimbic pathways. We propose that insulin and eCBs have regional- and time course-dependent roles. We discuss their mechanisms of actions in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, as well as how their mechanisms converge to finely tune dopaminergic activity and food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Sallam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Peters KZ, Cheer JF, Tonini R. Modulating the Neuromodulators: Dopamine, Serotonin, and the Endocannabinoid System. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:464-477. [PMID: 33674134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and endocannabinoids (ECs) are key neuromodulators involved in many aspects of motivated behavior, including reward processing, reinforcement learning, and behavioral flexibility. Among the longstanding views about possible relationships between these neuromodulators is the idea of DA and 5-HT acting as opponents. This view has been challenged by emerging evidence that 5-HT supports reward seeking via activation of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Adding an extra layer of complexity to these interactions, the endocannabinoid system is uniquely placed to influence dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. In this review we discuss how these three neuromodulatory systems interact at the cellular and circuit levels. Technological advances that facilitate precise identification and control of genetically targeted neuronal populations will help to achieve a better understanding of the complex relationship between these essential systems, and the potential relevance for motivated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Z Peters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuromodulation of Cortical and Subcortical Circuits Laboratory, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova, Italy.
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12
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Connor C, Hamilton J, Robison L, Hadjiargyrou M, Komatsu D, Thanos P. Abstinence from chronic methylphenidate exposure modifies cannabinoid receptor 1 levels in the brain in a dose-dependent manner. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:331-338. [PMID: 33504296 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210127120411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methylphenidate (MP) is a widely used psychostimulant prescribed for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and is also used illicitly by healthy individuals. Chronic exposure to MP has been shown to affect physiology, behavior, and neurochemistry. METHODS The present study examined its effect on the endocannabinoid system. Adolescent rats had daily oral access to either water (control), low dose MP (4/10 mg/kg), or high dose MP (30/60 mg/kg). After 13 weeks of exposure, half of the rats in each group were euthanized, however the remaining rats underwent a four-week long abstinence period. Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding (CB1) was measured with in vitro autoradiography using [3H] SR141716A. RESULTS Rats who underwent a 4-week abstinence period after exposure to chronic HD MP showed increased binding compared to rats with no abstinence period in several cortical and basal ganglia regions of the brain. In contrast to this, rats who underwent a 4-week abstinence period after exposure to chronic LD MP showed lower binding compared to rats with no abstinence period in mainly the basal ganglia regions and in the hindlimb region of the somatosensory cortex. Following 4 weeks of drug abstinence, rats who were previously given HD MP showed higher [ 3H] SR141716A binding than rats given LD MP in many of the cortical and basal ganglia regions examined. These results highlight biphasic effects of MP treatment on cannabinoid receptor levels. Abstinence from HD MP seemed to increase CB1 receptor levels while abstinence from LD MP seemed to decrease CB1 levels. CONCLUSION Given the prolific expression of cannabinoid receptors throughout the brain, many types of behaviors may be affected as a result of MP abstinence. Further research will be needed to help identify these behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Connor
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. United States
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. United States
| | - Lisa Robison
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Techniques, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY. United States
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY. United States
| | - David Komatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY. United States
| | - Panayotis Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY. United States
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13
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Avchalumov Y, Trenet W, Piña-Crespo J, Mandyam C. SCH23390 Reduces Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced Striatal LTD. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6491. [PMID: 32899459 PMCID: PMC7554976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-access methamphetamine self-administration results in unregulated intake of the drug; however, the role of dorsal striatal dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) in the reinforcing properties of methamphetamine under extended-access conditions is unclear. Acute (ex vivo) and chronic (in vivo) methamphetamine exposure induces neuroplastic changes in the dorsal striatum, a critical region implicated in instrumental learning. For example, methamphetamine exposure alters high-frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced long-term depression in the dorsal striatum; however, the effect of methamphetamine on HFS-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dorsal striatum is unknown. In the current study, dorsal striatal infusion of SCH23390, a D1R antagonist, prior to extended-access methamphetamine self-administration reduced methamphetamine addiction-like behavior. Reduced behavior was associated with reduced expression of PSD-95 in the dorsal striatum. Electrophysiological findings demonstrate that superfusion of methamphetamine reduced basal synaptic transmission and HFS-induced LTP in dorsal striatal slices, and SCH23390 prevented this effect. These results suggest that alterations in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity induced by acute methamphetamine via D1Rs could assist with methamphetamine-induced modification of corticostriatal circuits underlying the learning of goal-directed instrumental actions and formation of habits, mediating escalation of methamphetamine self-administration and methamphetamine addiction-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Avchalumov
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
| | - Wulfran Trenet
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
| | - Juan Piña-Crespo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Chitra Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (Y.A.); (W.T.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Morrison PD, Murray RM. Cannabis points to the synaptic pathology of mental disorders: how aberrant synaptic components disrupt the highest psychological functions
. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 22:251-258. [PMID: 33162768 PMCID: PMC7605021 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2020.22.3/pmorrison] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis can elicit an acute psychotic reaction, and its long-term use is a risk
factor for schizophrenia. The main active psychoactive ingredient
∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) activates cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors, which are
localized to the terminals of glutamate and GABA neurons in the brain. The endogenous
cannabinoids are involved in information processing and plasticity at synapses in the
hippocampus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Exogenously applied CB1 receptor
agonists disrupt neuronal dynamics and synaptic plasticity, resulting in cognitive
deficits and impairment of the highest psychological functions. Various other
pro-psychotic drugs, such as ketamine and methamphetamine, exert their effects in the
same microdomain of synaptic spines as Δ9-THC. Additionally, many of the most robust
findings in psychiatric genetics include components that localize to dendritic spines
and have important roles in information processing and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Morrison
- The Argyll Bute Hospital, Lochgilphead, NHS Highland, Scotland, UK; The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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15
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Shonesy BC, Stephenson JR, Marks CR, Colbran RJ. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and D1 dopamine receptors regulate diacylglycerol lipase-α and synaptic 2-arachidonoyl glycerol signaling. J Neurochem 2020; 153:334-345. [PMID: 31985073 PMCID: PMC7367494 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain endocannabinoids serve as retrograde neurotransmitters, being synthesized in post-synaptic neurons "on demand" and released to bind pre-synaptic cannabinoid receptors and suppress glutamatergic or GABAergic transmission. The most abundant brain endocannabinoid, 2 arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), is primarily synthesized by diacylglycerol lipase-α (DGLα), which is activated by poorly understood mechanisms in response to calcium influx following post-synaptic depolarization and/or the activation of Gq -coupled group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors. However, the impact of other neurotransmitters and their downstream signaling pathways on synaptic 2-AG signaling has not been intensively studied. Here, we found that DGLα activity in membrane fractions from transfected HEK293T cells was significantly increased by in vitro phosphorylation using cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Moreover, PKA directly phosphorylated DGLα at Ser798 in vitro. Elevation of cAMP levels in HEK293 cells expressing DGLα increased Ser798 phosphorylation, as detected using a phospho-Ser798-specific antibody, and enhanced DGLα activity; this in situ enhancement of DGLα activity was prevented by mutation of Ser798 to Ala. We investigated the impact of PKA on synaptic 2-AG mobilization in mouse striatal slices by manipulating D1-dopamine receptor (D1R) signaling and assessing depolarization-induced suppression of excitation, a DGLα- and 2-AG-dependent form of short-term synaptic depression. The magnitude of depolarization-enhanced suppression of excitation in direct pathway medium spiny neurons was increased by pre-incubation with a D1R agonist, and this enhancement was blocked by post-synaptic inhibition of PKA. Taken together, these findings provide new molecular insights into the complex mechanisms regulating synaptic endocannabinoid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Shonesy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
| | - Jason R. Stephenson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
| | - Christian R. Marks
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
| | - Roger J. Colbran
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-0615
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16
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Socodato R. Dopamine D1 receptor signaling and endocannabinoid cooperate to fuel striatal plasticity: An Editorial Highlight for "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and D1 dopamine receptors regulate diacylglycerol lipase-α and synaptic 2-arachidonoyl glycerol signaling" on page 334. J Neurochem 2020; 153:297-299. [PMID: 32091130 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) play key roles in short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal circuit. By activating cannabinoid receptors expressed in the central nervous system, eCBs regulate several neural functions and behaviors. The major eCB 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) is particularly important for triggering a short-term form of synaptic plasticity (depolarization-induced suppression of excitatory transmission or DSE) on cortical glutamatergic afferents inputting the striatum. The neurotransmitter dopamine, through the action of D1 and D2 receptors, is also critically involved in corticostriatal plasticity. This Editorial highlights the study by Shonesy et al., which presents evidence that activation of dopamine D1 receptor and its classical downstream target cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are involved in increasing the synthesis of 2-AG in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSN) to drive DSE in the corticostriatal circuit, as schematically outlined in Figure 1. The authors used a set of complementary approaches and identified a putative serine (Ser) residue phosphorylated by PKA in diacylglycerol lipase (DGL) alpha that is required for generating 2-AG, providing a mechanistic clue into how the canonical D1 pathway in MSN might fine-tune short-term plasticity in the corticostriatal circuit. Besides, the work by Shonesy et al. may pave the way for further studies exploring the signaling interplay between canonical dopamine D1 receptor pathway and eCBs to control other forms of synaptic plasticity in different brain circuits with possible pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Wu CS, Jew CP, Sun H, Ballester Rosado CJ, Lu HC. mGlu5 in GABAergic neurons modulates spontaneous and psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:345-361. [PMID: 31646346 PMCID: PMC7024012 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A role of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) in regulating spontaneous locomotion and psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity has been proposed. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine if mGlu5 in GABAergic neurons regulates spontaneous or psychostimulant-induced locomotion. METHODS We generated mice specifically lacking mGlu5 in forebrain GABAergic neuron by crossing DLX-Cre mice with mGlu5flox/flox mice to generate DLX-mGlu5 KO mice. The locomotion of adult mice was examined in the open-field assay (OFA) and home cage setting. The effects of the mGlu5 antagonist 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), cocaine, and methylphenidate on acute motor behaviors in DLX-mGlu5 KO and littermate control mice were assessed in OFA. Striatal synaptic plasticity of these mice was examined with field potential electrophysiological recordings. RESULTS Deleting mGlu5 from forebrain GABAergic neurons results in failure to induce long-term depression (LTD) in the dorsal striatum and absence of habituated locomotion in both novel and familiar settings. In a familiar environment (home cage), DLX-mGlu5 KO mice were hyperactive. In the OFA, DLX-mGlu5 KO mice exhibited initial hypo-activity, and then gradually increased their locomotion with time, resulting in no habituation response. DLX-mGlu5 KO mice exhibited almost no locomotor response to MPEP (40 mg/kg), while the same dose elicited hyperlocomotion in control mice. The DLX-mGlu5 KO mice also showed reduced hyperactivity response to cocaine, while they retained normal hyperactivity response to methylphenidate, albeit with delayed onset. CONCLUSION mGlu5 in forebrain GABAergic neurons is critical to trigger habituation upon the initiation of locomotion as well as to mediate MPEP-induced hyperlocomotion and modulate psychostimulant-induced hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Shan Wu
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, 123 Cater-Mattil, 2253 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Christopher P Jew
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Carlos J Ballester Rosado
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Linda and Jack Gill Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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18
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Li W, Pozzo-Miller L. Dysfunction of the corticostriatal pathway in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:2130-2147. [PMID: 31758607 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The corticostriatal pathway that carries sensory, motor, and limbic information to the striatum plays a critical role in motor control, action selection, and reward. Dysfunction of this pathway is associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Corticostriatal synapses have unique features in their cortical origins and striatal targets. In this review, we first describe axonal growth and synaptogenesis in the corticostriatal pathway during development, and then summarize the current understanding of the molecular bases of synaptic transmission and plasticity at mature corticostriatal synapses. Genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been implicated in axonal growth abnormalities, imbalance of the synaptic excitation/inhibition ratio, and altered long-term synaptic plasticity in the corticostriatal pathway. Here, we review a number of ASD-associated high-confidence genes, including FMR1, KMT2A, GRIN2B, SCN2A, NLGN1, NLGN3, MET, CNTNAP2, FOXP2, TSHZ3, SHANK3, PTEN, CHD8, MECP2, DYRK1A, RELN, FOXP1, SYNGAP1, and NRXN, and discuss their relevance to proper corticostriatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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19
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Gangarossa G, Perez S, Dembitskaya Y, Prokin I, Berry H, Venance L. BDNF Controls Bidirectional Endocannabinoid Plasticity at Corticostriatal Synapses. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:197-214. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe dorsal striatum exhibits bidirectional corticostriatal synaptic plasticity, NMDAR and endocannabinoids (eCB) mediated, necessary for the encoding of procedural learning. Therefore, characterizing factors controlling corticostriatal plasticity is of crucial importance. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, the tropomyosine receptor kinase-B (TrkB), shape striatal functions, and their dysfunction deeply affects basal ganglia. BDNF/TrkB signaling controls NMDAR plasticity in various brain structures including the striatum. However, despite cross-talk between BDNF and eCBs, the role of BDNF in eCB plasticity remains unknown. Here, we show that BDNF/TrkB signaling promotes eCB-plasticity (LTD and LTP) induced by rate-based (low-frequency stimulation) or spike-timing–based (spike-timing–dependent plasticity, STDP) paradigm in striatum. We show that TrkB activation is required for the expression and the scaling of both eCB-LTD and eCB-LTP. Using 2-photon imaging of dendritic spines combined with patch-clamp recordings, we show that TrkB activation prolongs intracellular calcium transients, thus increasing eCB synthesis and release. We provide a mathematical model for the dynamics of the signaling pathways involved in corticostriatal plasticity. Finally, we show that TrkB activation enlarges the domain of expression of eCB-STDP. Our results reveal a novel role for BDNF/TrkB signaling in governing eCB-plasticity expression in striatum and thus the engram of procedural learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Perez
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Dembitskaya
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ilya Prokin
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Paris, France
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20
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Balbinot G, Schuch CP. Compensatory Relearning Following Stroke: Cellular and Plasticity Mechanisms in Rodents. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1023. [PMID: 30766468 PMCID: PMC6365459 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
von Monakow’s theory of diaschisis states the functional ‘standstill’ of intact brain regions that are remote from a damaged area, often implied in recovery of function. Accordingly, neural plasticity and activity patterns related to recovery are also occurring at the same regions. Recovery relies on plasticity in the periinfarct and homotopic contralesional regions and involves relearning to perform movements. Seeking evidence for a relearning mechanism following stroke, we found that rodents display many features that resemble classical learning and memory mechanisms. Compensatory relearning is likely to be accompanied by gradual shaping of these regions and pathways, with participating neurons progressively adapting cortico-striato-thalamic activity and synaptic strengths at different cortico-thalamic loops – adapting function relayed by the striatum. Motor cortex functional maps are progressively reinforced and shaped by these loops as the striatum searches for different functional actions. Several cortical and striatal cellular mechanisms that influence motor learning may also influence post-stroke compensatory relearning. Future research should focus on how different neuromodulatory systems could act before, during or after rehabilitation to improve stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Balbinot
- Brain Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Pedrini Schuch
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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21
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Morató X, Gonçalves FQ, Lopes JP, Jauregui O, Soler C, Fernández-Dueñas V, Cunha RA, Ciruela F. Chronic adenosine A 2A receptor blockade induces locomotor sensitization and potentiates striatal LTD IN GPR37-deficient mice. J Neurochem 2019; 148:796-809. [PMID: 30578680 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) play a key role in modulating dopamine-dependent locomotor activity, as heralded by the sensitization of locomotor activity upon chronic A2A R blockade, which is associated with elevated dopamine levels and altered corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. Since the orphan receptor GPR37 has been shown to modulate A2A R function in vivo, we aimed to test whether the A2A R-mediated sensitization of locomotor activity is GPR37-dependent and involves adaptations of synaptic plasticity. To this end, we administered a selective A2A R antagonist, SCH58261 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), daily for 14 days, and the locomotor sensitization, striatum-dependent cued learning, and corticostriatal synaptic plasticity (i.e., long-term depression) were compared in wild-type and GPR37-/- mice. Notably, GPR37 deletion promoted A2A R-associated locomotor sensitization but not striatum-dependent cued learning revealed upon chronic SCH58261 treatment of mice. Furthermore, chronic A2A R blockade potentiated striatal long-term depression in corticostriatal synapses of GPR37-/- but not of wild-type mice, thus correlating well with neurochemical alterations of the adenosinergic system. Overall, these results revealed the importance of GPR37 regulating A2A R-dependent locomotor sensitization and synaptic plasticity in the basal ganglia circuitry. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/. Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Jauregui
- Scientific and Technological Centers of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepció Soler
- Unitat d'Immunologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the amygdalar cholecystokinin glutamatergic afferents to nucleus accumbens modulate depressive-like behavior. Nat Med 2019; 25:337-349. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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White MG, Mathur BN. Claustrum circuit components for top-down input processing and cortical broadcast. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3945-3958. [PMID: 30109490 PMCID: PMC6252134 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) input to the claustrum is required for top-down cognitive control of action. By virtue of its widespread cortical connectivity, the claustrum is anatomically situated to process and broadcast top-down signals from ACC to downstream cortices. To gain a deeper understanding of claustrum processing mechanisms, it is first critical to identify the projection neuron subtypes within claustrum, the intrinsic and extrinsic components regulating their firing, and the differential innervation of cortex by projection neuron subtypes. To this end, we used whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in adult mouse brain slices to distinguish two spiny projection neuron subtypes in claustrum, referred to as type I and II neurons, and three aspiny interneuron subtypes, referred to as type III, IV, and V neurons. In response to optogenetic ACC afferent stimulation, type II neurons preferentially burst fire relative to type I neurons. This burst firing is calcium-dependent and is optimized by voltage-gated potassium channels. Finally, we find that visual cortices, parietal association cortex, and ACC receive input from type I and II neurons in differing proportions. These data reveal the diversity of claustrum neurons and mechanisms by which claustrum processes ACC command for spatiotemporal coordination of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G White
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, HSF III, RM 9179, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, HSF III, RM 9179, 670 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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24
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Dopamine-endocannabinoid interactions mediate spike-timing-dependent potentiation in the striatum. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4118. [PMID: 30297767 PMCID: PMC6175920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine modulates striatal synaptic plasticity, a key substrate for action selection and procedural learning. Thus, characterizing the repertoire of activity-dependent plasticity in striatum and its dependence on dopamine is of crucial importance. We recently unraveled a striatal spike-timing-dependent long-term potentiation (tLTP) mediated by endocannabinoids (eCBs) and induced with few spikes (~5–15). Whether this eCB-tLTP interacts with the dopaminergic system remains to be investigated. Here, we report that eCB-tLTP is impaired in a rodent model of Parkinson’s disease and rescued by L-DOPA. Dopamine controls eCB-tLTP via dopamine type-2 receptors (D2R) located presynaptically in cortical terminals. Dopamine–endocannabinoid interactions via D2R are required for the emergence of tLTP in response to few coincident pre- and post-synaptic spikes and control eCB-plasticity by modulating the long-term potentiation (LTP)/depression (LTD) thresholds. While usually considered as a depressing synaptic function, our results show that eCBs in the presence of dopamine constitute a versatile system underlying bidirectional plasticity implicated in basal ganglia pathophysiology. Dopamine tightly regulates plasticity at corticostriatal synapses. Here, the authors report that endocannabinoid dependent LTP induced with few spikes in the striatum is impaired in a rodent model of Parkinson’s disease, requires dopamine through presynaptic D2 receptors located on corticostriatal inputs.
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25
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Gorodetski L, Zeira R, Lavian H, Korngreen A. Long-term plasticity of glutamatergic input from the subthalamic nucleus to the entopeduncular nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2139-2151. [PMID: 30103273 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The hyperdirect pathway of the basal ganglia bypasses the striatum, and delivers cortical information directly to the subthalamic nucleus (STN). In rodents, the STN excites the two output nuclei of the basal ganglia, the entopeduncular nucleus (EP) and the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr). Thus, during hyperdirect pathway activation, the STN drives EP firing inhibiting the thalamus. We hypothesized that STN activity could induce long-term changes to the STN->EP synapse. To test this hypothesis, we recorded in the whole-cell mode from neurons in the EP in acute brain slices from rats while electrically stimulating the STN. Repetitive pre-synaptic stimulation generated modest long-term depression (LTD) in the STN->EP synapse. However, pairing EP firing with STN stimulation generated robust LTD that manifested for pre-before post-as well as for post- before pre-synaptic pairing. This LTD was highly sensitive to the time difference and was not detected at a time delay of 10 ms. To investigate whether post-synaptic calcium levels were important for LTD induction, we made dendritic recordings from EP neurons that revealed action potential back-propagation and dendritic calcium transients. Buffering the dendritic calcium concentration in the EP neurons with EGTA generated long term potentiation instead of LTD. Finally, mild LTD could be induced by post-synaptic activity alone that was blocked by an endocannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor blocker. These results thus suggest there may be an adaptive mechanism for buffering the impact of the hyperdirect pathway on basal ganglia output which could contribute to the de-correlation of STN and EP firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Gorodetski
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Reut Zeira
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hagar Lavian
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Korngreen
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Leslie and Susan Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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26
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Ruiz-Calvo A, Maroto IB, Bajo-Grañeras R, Chiarlone A, Gaudioso Á, Ferrero JJ, Resel E, Sánchez-Prieto J, Rodríguez-Navarro JA, Marsicano G, Galve-Roperh I, Bellocchio L, Guzmán M. Pathway-Specific Control of Striatal Neuron Vulnerability by Corticostriatal Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:307-322. [PMID: 29121220 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of neurons within the striatum are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), which receive glutamatergic input from the cortex and thalamus, and form two major efferent pathways: the direct pathway, expressing dopamine D1 receptor (D1R-MSNs), and the indirect pathway, expressing dopamine D2 receptor (D2R-MSNs). While molecular mechanisms of MSN degeneration have been identified in animal models of striatal damage, the molecular factors that dictate a selective vulnerability of D1R-MSNs or D2R-MSNs remain unknown. Here, we combined genetic, chemogenetic, and pharmacological strategies with behavioral and neurochemical analyses, and show that the pool of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) located on corticostriatal terminals efficiently safeguards D1R-MSNs, but not D2R-MSNs, from different insults. This cell-specific response relies on the regulation of glutamatergic signaling, and is independent from the CB1R-dependent control of astroglial activity in the striatum. These findings define cortical CB1R as a pivotal synaptic player in dictating a differential vulnerability of D1R-MSNs versus D2R-MSNs, and increase our understanding of the role of coordinated cannabinergic-glutamatergic signaling in establishing corticostriatal circuits and its dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruiz-Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene B Maroto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bajo-Grañeras
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Chiarlone
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Gaudioso
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Ferrero
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Resel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Prieto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IV, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Marsicano
- INSERM and University of Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM and University of Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Foncelle A, Mendes A, Jędrzejewska-Szmek J, Valtcheva S, Berry H, Blackwell KT, Venance L. Modulation of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity: Towards the Inclusion of a Third Factor in Computational Models. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:49. [PMID: 30018546 PMCID: PMC6037788 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) change in synaptic strength depends on the timing of pre- vs. postsynaptic spiking activity. Since STDP is in compliance with Hebb's postulate, it is considered one of the major mechanisms of memory storage and recall. STDP comprises a system of two coincidence detectors with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation often posited as one of the main components. Numerous studies have unveiled a third component of this coincidence detection system, namely neuromodulation and glia activity shaping STDP. Even though dopaminergic control of STDP has most often been reported, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, nitric oxide (NO), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also has been shown to effectively modulate STDP. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that astrocytes, via the release or uptake of glutamate, gate STDP expression. At the most fundamental level, the timing properties of STDP are expected to depend on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the underlying signaling pathways. However in most cases, due to technical limitations experiments grant only indirect access to these pathways. Computational models carefully constrained by experiments, allow for a better qualitative understanding of the molecular basis of STDP and its regulation by neuromodulators. Recently, computational models of calcium dynamics and signaling pathway molecules have started to explore STDP emergence in ex and in vivo-like conditions. These models are expected to reproduce better at least part of the complex modulation of STDP as an emergent property of the underlying molecular pathways. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying STDP modulation and its consequences on network dynamics is of critical importance and will allow better understanding of the major mechanisms of memory storage and recall both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Foncelle
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- LIRIS UMR 5205 CNRS-INSA, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Mendes
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | | | - Silvana Valtcheva
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France
- LIRIS UMR 5205 CNRS-INSA, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kim T. Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Laurent Venance
- Dynamic and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
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28
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Ma T, Cheng Y, Roltsch Hellard E, Wang X, Lu J, Gao X, Huang CCY, Wei XY, Ji JY, Wang J. Bidirectional and long-lasting control of alcohol-seeking behavior by corticostriatal LTP and LTD. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:373-383. [PMID: 29434375 PMCID: PMC5857235 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is proposed to arise from alterations in synaptic strength via mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). However, the causality between these synaptic processes and addictive behaviors is difficult to demonstrate. Here we report that LTP and LTD induction altered operant alcohol self-administration, a motivated drug-seeking behavior. We first induced LTP by pairing presynaptic glutamatergic stimulation with optogenetic postsynaptic depolarization in the dorsomedial striatum, a brain region known to control goal-directed behavior. Blockade of this LTP by NMDA-receptor inhibition unmasked an endocannabinoid-dependent LTD. In vivo application of the LTP-inducing protocol caused a long-lasting increase in alcohol-seeking behavior, while the LTD protocol decreased this behavior. We further identified that optogenetic LTP and LTD induction at cortical inputs onto striatal dopamine D1 receptor-expressing neurons controlled these behavioral changes. Our results demonstrate a causal link between synaptic plasticity and alcohol-seeking behavior and suggest that modulation of this plasticity may inspire a therapeutic strategy for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Ma
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Yifeng Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Emily Roltsch Hellard
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Xinsheng Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Cathy C Y Huang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Yan Wei
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
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29
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Zai CC, Maes MS, Tiwari AK, Zai GC, Remington G, Kennedy JL. Genetics of tardive dyskinesia: Promising leads and ways forward. J Neurol Sci 2018; 389:28-34. [PMID: 29502799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially irreversible and often debilitating movement disorder secondary to chronic use of dopamine receptor blocking medications. Genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of TD. We therefore have reviewed the most promising genes associated with TD, including DRD2, DRD3, VMAT2, HSPG2, HTR2A, HTR2C, and SOD2. In addition, we present evidence supporting a role for these genes from preclinical models of TD. The current understanding of the etiogenesis of TD is discussed in the light of the recent approvals of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, VMAT2 inhibitors, for treating TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Miriam S Maes
- Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Gwyneth C Zai
- Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Neurogenetics Section, Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada.
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30
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Mateo Y, Johnson KA, Covey DP, Atwood BK, Wang HL, Zhang S, Gildish I, Cachope R, Bellocchio L, Guzmán M, Morales M, Cheer JF, Lovinger DM. Endocannabinoid Actions on Cortical Terminals Orchestrate Local Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens. Neuron 2017; 96:1112-1126.e5. [PMID: 29216450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission mediates numerous aspects of behavior. Although DA release is strongly linked to firing of DA neurons, recent developments indicate the importance of presynaptic modulation at striatal dopaminergic terminals. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates DA release and is a canonical gatekeeper of goal-directed behavior. Here we report that extracellular DA increases induced by selective optogenetic activation of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are inhibited by CB1 agonists and eCBs. This modulation requires CB1 receptors on cortical glutamatergic afferents. Dopamine increases driven by optogenetic activation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) terminals in the NAc are similarly modulated by activation of these CB1 receptors. We further demonstrate that this same population of CB1 receptors modulates optical self-stimulation sustained by activation of PFC afferents in the NAc. These results establish local eCB actions on PFC terminals within the NAc that inhibit mesolimbic DA release and constrain reward-driven behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Mateo
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kari A Johnson
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dan P Covey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iness Gildish
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger Cachope
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Bellocchio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisela Morales
- Neuronal Networks Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, US National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David M Lovinger
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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31
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Fernández-Dueñas V, Pérez-Arévalo A, Altafaj X, Ferré S, Ciruela F. Adenosine A 1-A 2A Receptor Heteromer as a Possible Target for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:652. [PMID: 29213228 PMCID: PMC5702635 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Pérez-Arévalo
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Altafaj
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Nucleus accumbens feedforward inhibition circuit promotes cocaine self-administration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8750-E8759. [PMID: 28973852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707822114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) sends excitatory projections to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and regulates motivated behaviors partially by activating NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Here, we characterized a feedforward inhibition circuit, through which BLA-evoked activation of NAc shell (NAcSh) MSNs was fine-tuned by GABAergic monosynaptic innervation from adjacent fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs). Specifically, BLA-to-NAcSh projections predominantly innervated NAcSh FSIs compared with MSNs and triggered action potentials in FSIs preceding BLA-mediated activation of MSNs. Due to these anatomical and temporal properties, activation of the BLA-to-NAcSh projection resulted in a rapid FSI-mediated inhibition of MSNs, timing-contingently dictating BLA-evoked activation of MSNs. Cocaine self-administration selectively and persistently up-regulated the presynaptic release probability of BLA-to-FSI synapses, entailing enhanced FSI-mediated feedforward inhibition of MSNs upon BLA activation. Experimentally enhancing the BLA-to-FSI transmission in vivo expedited the acquisition of cocaine self-administration. These results reveal a previously unidentified role of an FSI-embedded circuit in regulating NAc-based drug seeking and taking.
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33
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Araque A, Castillo PE, Manzoni OJ, Tonini R. Synaptic functions of endocannabinoid signaling in health and disease. Neuropharmacology 2017. [PMID: 28625718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are a family of lipid molecules that act as key regulators of synaptic transmission and plasticity. They are synthetized "on demand" following physiological and/or pathological stimuli. Once released from postsynaptic neurons, eCBs typically act as retrograde messengers to activate presynaptic type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) and induce short- or long-term depression of neurotransmitter release. Besides this canonical mechanism of action, recent findings have revealed a number of less conventional mechanisms by which eCBs regulate neural activity and synaptic function, suggesting that eCB-mediated plasticity is mechanistically more diverse than anticipated. These mechanisms include non-retrograde signaling, signaling via astrocytes, participation in long-term potentiation, and the involvement of mitochondrial CB1. Focusing on paradigmatic brain areas, such as hippocampus, striatum, and neocortex, we review typical and novel signaling mechanisms, and discuss the functional implications in normal brain function and brain diseases. In summary, eCB signaling may lead to different forms of synaptic plasticity through activation of a plethora of mechanisms, which provide further complexity to the functional consequences of eCB signaling. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Olivier J Manzoni
- Institut National de la Santé et et de la Recherche Médicale U901 Marseille, France, Université de la Méditerranée UMR S901 Aix-Marseille Marseille, France, INMED Marseille, France.
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
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Li B, Ge T, Cui R. Long-Term Plasticity in Amygdala Circuits: Implication of CB1-Dependent LTD in Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4107-4114. [PMID: 28593436 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala mediates many forms of emotional learning, during which the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) functions as a major output of the amygdala by converging inputs from the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and other amygdalar subregions. However, the contribution of BLA-CeA synaptic transmission and plasticity of this transmission after exposure to emotional stimuli remains to be completely understood. Using paired recording, we simultaneously recorded BLA and CeA neurons, and observed that BLA-CeA transmission was glutamatergic. In this transmission, high-frequency stimulation induced NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent LTP, low-frequency stimulation induced NMDAR-dependent LTD, whereas modest-frequency stimulation induced cannabinoid receptor1 (CB1)-dependent LTD. After acute stress, CB1-dependent LTD of this transmission was selectively abolished. This effect of stress was mimicked by intra-CeA administration of CB1-selective agonists and prevented by CB1-selective antagonists. Furthermore, intra-CeA administration of CB1 antagonists prevented stress-induced reduction of explorative behaviors. These results indicate that CB1 signaling-mediated plasticity in local circuits of the amygdala plays a critical role in emotional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Monnot C, Zhang X, Nikkhou-Aski S, Damberg P, Svenningsson P. Asymmetric dopaminergic degeneration and levodopa alter functional corticostriatal connectivity bilaterally in experimental parkinsonism. Exp Neurol 2017; 292:11-20. [PMID: 28223037 PMCID: PMC5405850 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric dopamine loss is commonly found in early Parkinson's disease (PD), but its effects on functional networks have been difficult to delineate in PD patients because of variations in age, disease duration and therapy. Here we used unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned (6-OHDA) rats and controls and treated them with a single intraperitoneal injection of levodopa (L-DOPA) before performing diffusion weighted MRI and resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). In accordance with a neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, diffusion tensor imaging showed increased radial diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy in the lesioned substantia nigra. Likewise a deterministic connectometry approach showed increase of isotropic diffusion values in the medial forebrain bundle. rs-fMRI showed reduced interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) between the intact and the 6-OHDA lesioned caudate-putamen. Unexpectedly, there was an increased FC between the 6-OHDA lesioned caudate-putamen and sensorimotor cortices of both hemispheres. L-DOPA reversed the FC changes between the dopamine denervated caudate-putamen and the sensorimotor cortices, but not the reduced interhemispheric FC between caudate-putamina. Similarly, L-DOPA induced c-fos expression in both sensorimotor cortices, but only in the dopamine-depleted caudate-putamen. Taken together, these data suggest that asymmetric degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway results in functional asynchrony between the intact and 6-OHDA-lesioned caudate-putamen and increased interhemispheric synchrony between sensorimotor cortices. The results also indicate that the initial effect of L-DOPA is to restore functional corticostriatal connectivity rather than synchronize caudate-putamina. Rats unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are examined using MRI. Diffusion MRI revealed loss of fractional anisotropy in a lesioned substantia nigra. rs-fMRI showed lower functional connectivity (FC) btw intact and lesioned striata. FC increased between the lesioned striatum and both sensorimotor cortices. Levodopa normalized FC between sensorimotor cortices and lesioned striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Monnot
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahar Nikkhou-Aski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Simpson EH, Kellendonk C. Insights About Striatal Circuit Function and Schizophrenia From a Mouse Model of Dopamine D 2 Receptor Upregulation. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:21-30. [PMID: 27720388 PMCID: PMC5121031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is supported by a large number of imaging studies that have identified an increase in dopamine binding at the D2 receptor selectively in the striatum. We review a decade of work using a regionally restricted and temporally regulated transgenic mouse model to investigate the behavioral, molecular, electrophysiological, and anatomical consequences of selective D2 receptor upregulation in the striatum. These studies have identified new and potentially important biomarkers at the circuit and molecular level that can now be explored in patients with schizophrenia. They provide an example of how animal models and their detailed level of neurobiological analysis allow a deepening of our understanding of the relationship between neuronal circuit function and symptoms of schizophrenia, and as a consequence generate new hypotheses that are testable in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor H. Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University,Neurobiology and Behavior, New York State Psychiatric Institute,Corresponding author: Eleanor H. Simpson, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 87, New York, New York 10032, , +1-646-774-6835
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University,Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute
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Termsarasab P, Thammongkolchai T, Frucht SJ. Medical treatment of dystonia. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2016; 3:19. [PMID: 28031858 PMCID: PMC5168853 DOI: 10.1186/s40734-016-0047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies in dystonia have evolved considerably in the past few decades. Three major treatment modalities include oral medications, botulinum toxin injections and surgical therapies, particularly deep brain stimulation. Although there has been a tremendous interest in the later two modalities, there are relatively few recent reviews of oral treatment. We review the medical treatment of dystonia, focusing on three major neurotransmitter systems: cholinergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic. We also provide a practical guide to medication selection, therapeutic strategy and unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichet Termsarasab
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Steven J. Frucht
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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38
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Matchynski-Franks JJ, Susick LL, Schneider BL, Perrine SA, Conti AC. Impaired Ethanol-Induced Sensitization and Decreased Cannabinoid Receptor-1 in a Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155759. [PMID: 27186643 PMCID: PMC4871361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Impaired striatal neuroplasticity may underlie increased alcoholism documented in those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) is sensitive to the effects of ethanol (EtOH) and traumatic stress, and is a critical regulator of striatal plasticity. To investigate CB1 involvement in the PTSD-alcohol interaction, this study measured the effects of traumatic stress using a model of PTSD, mouse single-prolonged stress (mSPS), on EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization and striatal CB1 levels. Methods Mice were exposed to mSPS, which includes: 2-h restraint, 10-min group forced swim, 15-min exposure to rat bedding odor, and diethyl ether exposure until unconsciousness or control conditions. Seven days following mSPS exposure, the locomotor sensitizing effects of EtOH were assessed. CB1, post-synaptic density-95 (PSD95), and dopamine-2 receptor (D2) protein levels were then quantified in the dorsal striatum using standard immunoblotting techniques. Results Mice exposed to mSPS-EtOH demonstrated impaired EtOH-induced locomotor sensitization compared to Control-EtOH mice, which was accompanied by reduced striatal CB1 levels. EtOH increased striatal PSD95 in control and mSPS-exposed mice. Additionally, mSPS-Saline exposure increased striatal PSD95 and decreased D2 protein expression, with mSPS-EtOH exposure alleviating these changes. Conclusions These data indicate that the mSPS model of PTSD blunts the behavioral sensitizing effects of EtOH, a response that suggests impaired striatal neuroplasticity. Additionally, this study demonstrates that mice exposed to mSPS and repeated EtOH exposure decreases CB1 in the striatum, providing a mechanism of interest for understanding the effects of EtOH following severe, multimodal stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Matchynski-Franks
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Susick
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brandy L. Schneider
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shane A. Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alana C. Conti
- Research Service, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Cui Y, Prokin I, Xu H, Delord B, Genet S, Venance L, Berry H. Endocannabinoid dynamics gate spike-timing dependent depression and potentiation. eLife 2016; 5:e13185. [PMID: 26920222 PMCID: PMC4811336 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is a cardinal cellular mechanism for learning and memory. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has emerged as a pivotal pathway for synaptic plasticity because of its widely characterized ability to depress synaptic transmission on short- and long-term scales. Recent reports indicate that eCBs also mediate potentiation of the synapse. However, it is not known how eCB signaling may support bidirectionality. Here, we combined electrophysiology experiments with mathematical modeling to question the mechanisms of eCB bidirectionality in spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) at corticostriatal synapses. We demonstrate that STDP outcome is controlled by eCB levels and dynamics: prolonged and moderate levels of eCB lead to eCB-mediated long-term depression (eCB-tLTD) while short and large eCB transients produce eCB-mediated long-term potentiation (eCB-tLTP). Moreover, we show that eCB-tLTD requires active calcineurin whereas eCB-tLTP necessitates the activity of presynaptic PKA. Therefore, just like glutamate or GABA, eCB form a bidirectional system to encode learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Ilya Prokin
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France.,LIRIS UMR5205, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hao Xu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Delord
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France.,Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Genet
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France.,Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France.,LIRIS UMR5205, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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40
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Watson CT, Szutorisz H, Garg P, Martin Q, Landry JA, Sharp AJ, Hurd YL. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Epigenetic Changes in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Associated With Cross-Generational Effects of Adolescent THC Exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2993-3005. [PMID: 26044905 PMCID: PMC4864634 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Drug exposure during critical periods of development is known to have lasting effects, increasing one's risk for developing mental health disorders. Emerging evidence has also indicated the possibility for drug exposure to even impact subsequent generations. Our previous work demonstrated that adolescent exposure to Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of marijuana (Cannabis sativa), in a Long-Evans rat model affects reward-related behavior and gene regulation in the subsequent (F1) generation unexposed to the drug. Questions, however, remained regarding potential epigenetic consequences. In the current study, using the same rat model, we employed Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing to interrogate the epigenome of the nucleus accumbens, a key brain area involved in reward processing. This analysis compared 16 animals with parental THC exposure and 16 without to characterize relevant systems-level changes in DNA methylation. We identified 1027 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with parental THC exposure in F1 adults, each represented by multiple CpGs. These DMRs fell predominantly within introns, exons, and intergenic intervals, while showing a significant depletion in gene promoters. From these, we identified a network of DMR-associated genes involved in glutamatergic synaptic regulation, which also exhibited altered mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens. These data provide novel insight into drug-related cross-generational epigenetic effects, and serve as a useful resource for investigators to explore novel neurobiological systems underlying drug abuse vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henrietta Szutorisz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paras Garg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qammarah Martin
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A Landry
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Sharp
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1065, New York, NY 10029, USA, Tel: +1 212 824 8314, Fax: +1 646 527 9598, E-mail:
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Rafalovich IV, Melendez AE, Plotkin JL, Tanimura A, Zhai S, Surmeier DJ. Interneuronal Nitric Oxide Signaling Mediates Post-synaptic Long-Term Depression of Striatal Glutamatergic Synapses. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1336-1342. [PMID: 26549446 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience-driven plasticity of glutamatergic synapses on striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) is thought to be essential to goal-directed behavior and habit formation. One major form of striatal plasticity, long-term depression (LTD), has long appeared to be expressed only pre-synaptically. Contrary to this view, nitric oxide (NO) generated by striatal interneurons was found to induce a post-synaptically expressed form of LTD at SPN glutamatergic synapses. This form of LTD was dependent on signaling through guanylyl cyclase and protein kinase G, both of which are abundantly expressed by SPNs. NO-LTD was unaffected by local synaptic activity or antagonism of endocannabinoid (eCb) and dopamine receptors, all of which modulate canonical, pre-synaptic LTD. Moreover, NO signaling disrupted induction of this canonical LTD by inhibiting dendritic Ca(2+) channels regulating eCb synthesis. These results establish an interneuron-dependent, heterosynaptic form of post-synaptic LTD that could act to promote stability of the striatal network during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Rafalovich
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexandria E Melendez
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua L Plotkin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Asami Tanimura
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shenyu Zhai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abstract
Marijuana exerts profound effects on human social behavior, but the neural substrates underlying such effects are unknown. Here we report that social contact increases, whereas isolation decreases, the mobilization of the endogenous marijuana-like neurotransmitter, anandamide, in the mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain structure that regulates motivated behavior. Pharmacological and genetic experiments show that anandamide mobilization and consequent activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors are necessary and sufficient to express the rewarding properties of social interactions, assessed using a socially conditioned place preference test. We further show that oxytocin, a neuropeptide that reinforces parental and social bonding, drives anandamide mobilization in the NAc. Pharmacological blockade of oxytocin receptors stops this response, whereas chemogenetic, site-selective activation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus stimulates it. Genetic or pharmacological interruption of anandamide degradation offsets the effects of oxytocin receptor blockade on both social place preference and cFos expression in the NAc. The results indicate that anandamide-mediated signaling at CB1 receptors, driven by oxytocin, controls social reward. Deficits in this signaling mechanism may contribute to social impairment in autism spectrum disorders and might offer an avenue to treat these conditions.
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Cui Y, Paillé V, Xu H, Genet S, Delord B, Fino E, Berry H, Venance L. Endocannabinoids mediate bidirectional striatal spike-timing-dependent plasticity. J Physiol 2015; 593:2833-49. [PMID: 25873197 DOI: 10.1113/jp270324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Although learning can arise from few or even a single trial, synaptic plasticity is commonly assessed under prolonged activation. Here, we explored the existence of rapid responsiveness of synaptic plasticity at corticostriatal synapses in a major synaptic learning rule, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). We found that spike-timing-dependent depression (tLTD) progressively disappears when the number of paired stimulations (below 50 pairings) is decreased whereas spike-timing-dependent potentiation (tLTP) displays a biphasic profile: tLTP is observed for 75-100 pairings, is absent for 25-50 pairings and re-emerges for 5-10 pairings. This tLTP induced by low numbers of pairings (5-10) depends on activation of the endocannabinoid system, type-1 cannabinoid receptor and the transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1. Endocannabinoid-tLTP may represent a physiological mechanism operating during the rapid learning of new associative memories and behavioural rules characterizing the flexible behaviour of mammals or during the initial stages of habit learning. ABSTRACT Synaptic plasticity, a main substrate for learning and memory, is commonly assessed with prolonged stimulations. Since learning can arise from few or even a single trial, synaptic strength is expected to adapt rapidly. However, whether synaptic plasticity occurs in response to limited event occurrences remains elusive. To answer this question, we investigated whether a low number of paired stimulations can induce plasticity in a major synaptic learning rule, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). It is known that 100 pairings induce bidirectional STDP, i.e. spike-timing-dependent potentiation (tLTP) and depression (tLTD) at most central synapses. In rodent striatum, we found that tLTD progressively disappears when the number of paired stimulations is decreased (below 50 pairings) whereas tLTP displays a biphasic profile: tLTP is observed for 75-100 pairings, absent for 25-50 pairings and re-emerges for 5-10 pairings. This tLTP, induced by very few pairings (∼5-10) depends on the endocannabinoid (eCB) system. This eCB-dependent tLTP (eCB-tLTP) involves postsynaptic endocannabinoid synthesis, requires paired activity (post- and presynaptic) and the activation of type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) and transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1). eCB-tLTP occurs in both striatopallidal and striatonigral medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs) and is dopamine dependent. Lastly, we show that eCB-LTP and eCB-LTD can be induced sequentially in the same neuron, depending on the cellular conditioning protocol. Thus, while endocannabinoids are usually thought simply to depress synaptic function, they also constitute a versatile system underlying bidirectional plasticity. Our results reveal a novel form of synaptic plasticity, eCB-tLTP, which may underlie rapid learning capabilities characterizing behavioural flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Cui
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Paillé
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Hao Xu
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Genet
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France.,Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Bruno Delord
- University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France.,Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISIR), Paris, France
| | - Elodie Fino
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
| | - Hugues Berry
- INRIA, Villeurbanne, France.,University of Lyon, LIRIS UMR5205, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Venance
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR7241, Labex Memolife, Paris, France.,University Pierre et Marie Curie, ED 158, Paris, France
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Promising cannabinoid-based therapies for Parkinson's disease: motor symptoms to neuroprotection. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:17. [PMID: 25888232 PMCID: PMC4404240 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slow insidious neurological disorder characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Although several recent preclinical advances have proposed to treat PD, there is hardly any clinically proved new therapeutic for its cure. Increasing evidence suggests a prominent modulatory function of the cannabinoid signaling system in the basal ganglia. Hence, use of cannabinoids as a new therapeutic target has been recommended as a promising therapy for PD. The elements of the endocannabinoid system are highly expressed in the neural circuit of basal ganglia wherein they bidirectionally interact with dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic signaling systems. As the cannabinoid signaling system undergoes a biphasic pattern of change during progression of PD, it explains the motor inhibition typically observed in patients with PD. Cannabinoid agonists such as WIN-55,212-2 have been demonstrated experimentally as neuroprotective agents in PD, with respect to their ability to suppress excitotoxicity, glial activation, and oxidative injury that causes degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Additional benefits provided by cannabinoid related compounds including CE-178253, oleoylethanolamide, nabilone and HU-210 have been reported to possess efficacy against bradykinesia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in PD. Despite promising preclinical studies for PD, use of cannabinoids has not been studied extensively at the clinical level. In this review, we reassess the existing evidence suggesting involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the cause, symptomatology, and treatment of PD. We will try to identify future threads of research that will help in the understanding of the potential therapeutic benefits of the cannabinoid system for treating PD.
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Neurobiology of l-DOPA induced dyskinesia and the novel therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:283-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Covey DP, Wenzel JM, Cheer JF. Cannabinoid modulation of drug reward and the implications of marijuana legalization. Brain Res 2014; 1628:233-43. [PMID: 25463025 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana is the most popular illegal drug worldwide. Recent trends indicate that this may soon change; not due to decreased marijuana use, but to an amendment in marijuana's illegal status. The cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor mediates marijuana's psychoactive and reinforcing properties. CB1 receptors are also part of the brain endocannabinoid (eCB) system and support numerous forms of learning and memory, including the conditioned reinforcing properties of cues predicting reward or punishment. This is accomplished via eCB-dependent alterations in mesolimbic dopamine function, which plays an obligatory role in reward learning and motivation. Presynaptic CB1 receptors control midbrain dopamine neuron activity and thereby shape phasic dopamine release in target regions, particularly the nucleus accumbens (NAc). By also regulating synaptic input to the NAc, CB1 receptors modulate NAc output onto downstream neurons of the basal ganglia motor circuit, and thereby support goal-directed behaviors. Abused drugs promote short- and long-term adaptations in eCB-regulation of mesolimbic dopamine function, and thereby hijack neural systems related to the pursuit of rewards to promote drug abuse. By pharmacologically targeting the CB1 receptors, marijuana has preferential access to this neuronal system and can potently alter eCB-dependent processing of reward-related stimuli. As marijuana legalization progresses, greater access to this drug should increase the utility of marijuana as a research tool to better understand the eCB system, which has the potential to advance cannabinoid-based treatments for drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P Covey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Wenzel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Atwood BK, Lovinger DM, Mathur BN. Presynaptic long-term depression mediated by Gi/o-coupled receptors. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:663-73. [PMID: 25160683 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-term depression (LTD) of the efficacy of synaptic transmission is now recognized as an important mechanism for the regulation of information storage and the control of actions, as well as for synapse, neuron, and circuit development. Studies of LTD mechanisms have focused mainly on postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptor trafficking. However, the focus has now expanded to include presynaptically expressed plasticity, the predominant form being initiated by presynaptically expressed Gi/o-coupled metabotropic receptor (Gi/o-GPCR) activation. Several forms of LTD involving activation of different presynaptic Gi/o-GPCRs as a 'common pathway' are described. We review here the literature on presynaptic Gi/o-GPCR-mediated LTD, discuss known mechanisms, gaps in our knowledge, and evaluate whether all Gi/o-GPCRs are capable of inducing presynaptic LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady K Atwood
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC 9411, Bethesda, MD 20852-9411, USA
| | - David M Lovinger
- Section on Synaptic Pharmacology, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC 9411, Bethesda, MD 20852-9411, USA
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Calabresi P, Picconi B, Tozzi A, Ghiglieri V, Di Filippo M. Direct and indirect pathways of basal ganglia: a critical reappraisal. Nat Neurosci 2014; 17:1022-30. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 474] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Surmeier DJ, Graves SM, Shen W. Dopaminergic modulation of striatal networks in health and Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 29:109-17. [PMID: 25058111 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last couple of years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how dopamine modulates striatal circuits underlying goal-directed behaviors and how therapeutic interventions intended to normalize disordered dopaminergic signaling can go awry. This review summarizes some of the advances in this field with a translational focus on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Nakanishi S, Hikida T, Yawata S. Distinct dopaminergic control of the direct and indirect pathways in reward-based and avoidance learning behaviors. Neuroscience 2014; 282:49-59. [PMID: 24769227 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a pivotal role in reward and aversive learning and learning flexibility. Outputs of the NAc are transmitted through two parallel routes termed the direct and indirect pathways and controlled by the dopamine (DA) neurotransmitter. To explore how reward-based and avoidance learning is controlled in the NAc of the mouse, we developed the reversible neurotransmission-blocking (RNB) technique, in which transmission of each pathway could be selectively and reversibly blocked by the pathway-specific expression of transmission-blocking tetanus toxin and the asymmetric RNB technique, in which one side of the NAc was blocked by the RNB technique and the other intact side was pharmacologically manipulated by a transmitter agonist or antagonist. Our studies demonstrated that the activation of D1 receptors in the direct pathway and the inactivation of D2 receptors in the indirect pathway are key determinants that distinctly control reward-based and avoidance learning, respectively. The D2 receptor inactivation is also critical for flexibility of reward learning. Furthermore, reward and aversive learning is regulated by a set of common downstream receptors and signaling cascades, all of which are involved in the induction of long-term potentiation at cortico-accumbens synapses of the two pathways. In this article, we review our studies that specify the regulatory mechanisms of each pathway in learning behavior and propose a mechanistic model to explain how dynamic DA modulation promotes selection of actions that achieve reward-seeking outcomes and avoid aversive ones. The biological significance of the network organization consisting of two parallel transmission pathways is also discussed from the point of effective and prompt selection of neural outcomes in the neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakanishi
- Department of Systems Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, 6-2-4 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
| | - T Hikida
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53, Shogoin Kawahara-chou, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - S Yawata
- Department of Systems Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, 6-2-4 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
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