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Yuan N, Xiao L, Chen J, Liu B, Ren S, Sheng X, Qi X, Wang Y, Chen C, Guo K, Yang X, Yang L, Wang X. CREG1 promotes bovine placental trophoblast cells exosome release by targeting IGF2R and participates in regulating organoid differentiation via exosomes transport. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133298. [PMID: 38917918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental exosomes are a kind of intercellular communication media secreted by placental cells during pregnancy, exosomogenesis and release are regulated by many secretory glycoproteins. CREG1 is a kind of secreted glycoprotein widely expressed in various organs and tissues of the body, which inhibits cell proliferation and enhances cell differentiation. The aim of this study was to explore the role of CREG1 in regulating exosomogenesis during the proliferation and differentiation of placental trophoblast cells in early pregnant dairy cows by targeting IGF2R and participating in regulating organoid differentiation via exosomes transport. METHODS Molecular biological methods were firstly used to investigate the expression patterns of CREG1, IGF2R and exosomal marker proteins in early placental development of pregnant dairy cows. Subsequently, the effects of CREG1 on the formation and release of bovine placental trophoblast (BTCs) derived exosomes by targeting IGF2R were investigated. Further, the effects of CREG1 on the change of gene expression patterns along with the transport of exosomes to recipient cells and participate in regulating the differentiation of organoids were explored. RESULTS The expression of CREG1, IGF2R and exosomal marker proteins increased with the increase of pregnancy months during the early evolution of placental trophoblast cells in dairy cows. Overexpression of Creg1 enhanced the genesis and release of exosomes derived from BTCs, while knocking down the expression of Igf2r gene not only inhibited the genesis of exosomes, but also inhibited the genesis and release of exosomes induced by overexpression of CREG1 protein. Interestingly, IGF2R can regulate the expression of CREG1 through reverse secretion. What's more, the occurrence and release of trophoblast-derived exosomes are regulated by CREG1 binding to IGF2R, which subsequently binds to Rab11. CREG1 can not only promote the formation and release of exosomes in donor cells, but also regulate the change of gene expression patterns along with the transport of exosomes to recipient cells and participate in regulating the early development of placenta. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that CREG1 is involved in the exosomogenesis and release of exosomes during the proliferation and differentiation of placental trophoblast cells in early pregnant dairy cows by targeting IGF2R, and is involved in the regulation of organoid differentiation through exosome transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihan Yuan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bingying Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Siqi Ren
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yingqiu Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kaijun Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Animal Epidemic prevention and Quarantine center, Huimin District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010030, China
| | - Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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2
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Bowman-Gibson S, Chandiramani C, Stone ML, Waker CA, Rackett TM, Maxwell RA, Dhanraj DN, Brown TL. Streamlined Analysis of Maternal Plasma Indicates Small Extracellular Vesicles are Significantly Elevated in Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01591-y. [PMID: 38777947 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. While placental dysfunction is a core underlying issue, the pathogenesis of this disorder is thought to differ between early-onset (EOPE) and late-onset (LOPE) subtypes. As recent reports suggest that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) contribute to the development of PE, we have compared systemic sEV concentrations between normotensive, EOPE, and LOPE pregnancies. To circumvent lengthy isolation techniques and intermediate filtration steps, a streamlined approach was developed to evaluate circulating plasma sEVs from maternal plasma. Polymer-based precipitation and purification were used to isolate total systemic circulating maternal sEVs, free from bias toward specific surface marker expression or extensive subpurification. Immediate Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) of freshly isolated sEV samples afforded a comprehensive analysis that can be completed within hours, avoiding confounding freeze-thaw effects of particle aggregation and degradation.Rather than exosomal subpopulations, our findings indicate a significant elevation in the total number of circulating maternal sEVs in patients with EOPE. This streamlined approach also preserves sEV-bound protein and microRNA (miRNA) that can be used for potential biomarker analysis. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that maternal plasma sEVs harbor full-length hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein, with EOPE sEVs carrying higher levels of HIF-1α compared to control sEVs. The detection of HIF-1α and its direct signaling partner microRNA-210 (miR-210) within systemic maternal sEVs lays the groundwork for identifying how sEV signaling contributes to the development of preeclampsia. When taken together, our quantitative and qualitative results provide compelling evidence to support the translational potential of streamlined sEV analysis for future use in the clinical management of patients with EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scout Bowman-Gibson
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Chandni Chandiramani
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Madison L Stone
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Christopher A Waker
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Traci M Rackett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Rose A Maxwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - David N Dhanraj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 457 NEC Building, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Rice GE, Salomon C. IFPA Joan Hunt Senior Award in Placentology lecture: Extracellular vesicle signalling and pregnancy. Placenta 2024:S0143-4004(24)00055-9. [PMID: 38458919 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) signalling has the potential to transform our understanding of maternal-fetal communication and affords new opportunities for non-invasive prenatal testing and therapeutic intervention. EVs have been implicated in implantation, placentation, maternal adaptation to pregnancy and complications of pregnancy, being detectable in maternal circulation as early as 6 weeks of pregnancy. EVs of differing biogenic origin, composition and bioactivity are released by cells to maintain homoeostasis. Induction of EV signalling is associated with aberrant cellular metabolism and manifests as changes in EV concentrations and/or composition. Characterizing such changes affords opportunity to develop more informative diagnostics and efficacious interventions. To develop accurate and reliable EV-based diagnostics requires: identification of disease-associated biomarkers in specific EV subpopulations; and rapid, reproducible and scalable sample processing. Conventional isolation methods face challenges due to co-isolation of particles with similar physicochemical properties. Methods targeting specific vesicle-surface epitopes and compatible with automated platforms show promise. Effective EV therapeutics require precise targeting, achieved through genetic engineering to release EVs expressing cell-targeting ligands and carrying therapeutic payloads. Unlike cell-based therapies, this approach offers advantages including: low immunogenicity; stability; and long-term storage. Although EV diagnostics and therapeutics in reproductive biology are nascent, available technologies can enhance our understanding of EV signalling between mother and fetus, its role in pregnancies and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Rice
- Inoviq Limited, Notting Hill, Australia; Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia.
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Xiong M, Wang Q, Zhang X, Wen L, Zhao A. Decidual stromal cells-derived exosomes incurred insufficient migration and invasion of trophoblast by disturbing of β-TrCP-mediated snail ubiquitination and degradation in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:39. [PMID: 38195659 PMCID: PMC10775448 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes released from decidual stromal cells (DSC-exos) play a crucial role in facilitating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of trophoblasts and insufficient trophoblasts EMT are associated with URSA (unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion). However, the mechanisms underlying DSC-exos inducing EMT is not completely understood. METHODS DSC-exos of normal pregnant women (N-DSC-exos) and URSA patients (URSA-DSC-exos) were extracted and characterized. Characterization of the isolated DSC-exos was performed using with TEM (transmission electron microscopy), NTA (nanoparticle tracking analysis), and WB (western blot) techniques. Subsequently, these DSC-exos were co-cultured with trophoblasts cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo). The influence of both N-DSC-exos and URSA-DSC-exos on trophoblasts proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as on the expression of EMT-related proteins, was evaluated through a series of assays including CCK8 assays, wound healing assays, transwell assays, and western blot, respectively. Then rescue experiments were performed by β-TrCP knockdown or β-TrCP overexpressing trophoblasts with snail-siRNA transfection or β-TrCP overexpressing Lentivirus infection, respectively. Finally, animal experiments were employed to explore the effect of N-DSC-exos on embryo absorption in mice. RESULTS We found increased β-TrCP expression in the villus of URSA patients when compared to the normal pregnant women, alongside reduction in the levels of both snail and N-cadherin within URSA patients. N-DSC-exos can promote the EMT of the trophoblast by inhibiting β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of transcription factor snail. Moreover the capacity to promote EMT was found to be more potent in N-DSC-exos than URSA-DSC-exos. Down-regulation of snail or overexpression of β-TrCP can reverse the effects of N-DSC-exos on trophoblast. Finally, in vivo experiment suggested that N-DSC-exos significantly reduced the embryo resorption rate of spontaneous abortion mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that URSA-DSC-exos caused insufficient migration and invasion of trophoblast because of disturbing of β-TrCP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of EMT transcription factor snail. Elucidating the underlying mechanism of this dysregulation may shed light on the novel pathways through which DSC-exos influence trophoblast function, thereby contributing to our understanding of their role in URSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pu Jian Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Palma C, Lai A, Scholz‐Romero K, Chittoory H, Van Haeringen B, Carrion F, Handberg A, Lappas M, Lakhani SR, McCart Reed AE, McIntyre HD, Nair S, Salomon C. Differential response of placental cells to high D-glucose and its impact on extracellular vesicle biogenesis and trafficking via small GTPase Ras-related protein RAB-7A. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e135. [PMID: 38938672 PMCID: PMC11080917 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Placental extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be found in the maternal circulation throughout gestation, and their concentration, content and bioactivity are associated with pregnancy outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the effect of changes in the maternal microenvironment on the mechanisms associated with the secretion of EVs from placental cells remains to be fully established. Here, we evaluated the effect of high glucose on proteins associated with the trafficking and release of different populations of EVs from placental cells. BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cells were used as placental models and cultured under 5-mM D-glucose (i.e. control) or 25-mM D-glucose (high glucose). Cell-conditioned media (CCM) and cell lysate were collected after 48 h. Different populations of EVs were isolated from CCM by ultracentrifugation (i.e. pellet 2K-g, pellet 10K-g, and pellet 100K-g) and characterised by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Quantitative proteomic analysis (IDA/SWATH) and multiple reaction monitoring protocols at high resolution (MRMHR) were developed to quantify 37 proteins related to biogenesis, trafficking/release and recognition/uptake of EVs. High glucose increased the secretion of total EVs across the pellets from BeWo cells, an effect driven mainly by changes in the small EVs concentration in the CCM. Interestingly, no effect of high glucose on HTR8/SVneo cells EVs secretion was observed. High glucose induces changes in proteins associated with vesicle trafficking in BeWo cells, including Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 9 (HSPA9) and Member 8 (HSPA8). For HTR8/SVneo, altered proteins including prostaglandin F2α receptor regulatory protein (FPRP), RAB5A, RAB35, RAB5B, and RB11B, STAM1 and TSG101. These proteins are associated with the secretion and trafficking of EVs, which could explain in part, changes in the levels of circulating EVs in diabetic pregnancies. Further, we identified that proteins RAB11B, PDCD6IP, STAM, HSPA9, HSPA8, SDCBP, RAB5B, RAB5A, RAB7A and ERAP1 regulate EV release in response to high and low glucose when overexpressed in cells. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry analysis of RAB7A revealed distinct changes in placental tissues obtained from women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 6) and those with GDM (n = 6), influenced by diet or insulin treatment. High glucose regulation of proteins involved in intercellular dynamics and the trafficking of multivesicular bodies to the plasma membrane in placental cells is relevant in the context of GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Palma
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Katherin Scholz‐Romero
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Benjamin Van Haeringen
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Pathology QueenslandThe Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad del AlbaSantiagoChile
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Mercy Perinatal Research CentreMercy Hospital for WomenVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Pathology QueenslandThe Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - H. David McIntyre
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Mater Health Brisbane, Queensland and Mater ResearchThe University of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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6
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Bolumar D, Moncayo-Arlandi J, Gonzalez-Fernandez J, Ochando A, Moreno I, Monteagudo-Sanchez A, Marin C, Diez A, Fabra P, Checa MA, Espinos JJ, Gardner DK, Simon C, Vilella F. Vertical transmission of maternal DNA through extracellular vesicles associates with altered embryo bioenergetics during the periconception period. eLife 2023; 12:RP88008. [PMID: 38149847 PMCID: PMC10752591 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of DNA through extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents a novel genetic material transfer mechanism that may impact genome evolution and tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the potential for vertical DNA transmission within maternal endometrial EVs to the pre-implantation embryo and describe any effect on embryo bioenergetics. We discovered that the human endometrium secretes all three general subtypes of EV - apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (EXOs) - into the human endometrial fluid (EF) within the uterine cavity. EVs become uniformly secreted into the EF during the menstrual cycle, with the proportion of different EV populations remaining constant; however, MVs contain significantly higher levels of mitochondrial (mt)DNA than ABs or EXOs. During the window of implantation, MVs contain an eleven-fold higher level of mtDNA when compared to cells-of-origin within the receptive endometrium, which possesses a lower mtDNA content and displays the upregulated expression of mitophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the internalization of EV-derived nuclear-encoded (n)DNA/mtDNA by trophoblast cells of murine embryos, which associates with a reduction in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. These findings suggest that the maternal endometrium suffers a reduction in mtDNA content during the preconceptional period, that nDNA/mtDNA become packaged into secreted EVs that the embryo uptakes, and that the transfer of DNA to the embryo within EVs occurs alongside the modulation of bioenergetics during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bolumar
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | | | | | - Ana Ochando
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | | | - Carlos Marin
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | - Antonio Diez
- Igenomix Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
| | | | - Miguel Angel Checa
- Clinica FerttyBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, University Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Juan Jose Espinos
- Clinica FerttyBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, UABBellaterraSpain
| | - David K Gardner
- School of Biosciences, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Melbourne IVFEast MelbourneAustralia
| | - Carlos Simon
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of ValenciaValenciaSpain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BIDMC, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Felipe Vilella
- Carlos Simon Foundation, INCLIVA Health Research InstituteValenciaSpain
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Gu M, Chen P, Zeng D, Jiang X, Lv Q, Li Y, Zhang F, Wan S, Zhou Q, Lu Y, Wang X, Li L. Preeclampsia impedes foetal kidney development by delivering placenta-derived exosomes to glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:336. [PMID: 37996949 PMCID: PMC10666440 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foetal renal dysplasia is still the main cause of adult renal disease. Placenta-derived exosomes are an important communication tool, and they may play an important role in placental (both foetal and maternal) function. We hypothesize that in women with preeclampsia, foetal renal dysplasia is impeded by delivering placenta-derived exosomes to glomerular endothelial cells. METHODS In the present study, we established a PE trophoblast oxidative stress model to isolate exosomes from supernatants by ultracentrifugation (NO-exo and H/R-exo) and collected normal and PE umbilical cord blood plasma to isolate exosomes by ultracentrifugation combined with sucrose density gradient centrifugation (N-exo and PE-exo), then we investigated their effects on foetal kidney development by in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. RESULTS The PE trophoblast oxidative stress model was established successfully. After that, in in vitro studies, we found that H/R-exo and PE-exo could adversely affect glomerular endothelial cell proliferation, tubular formation, migration, and barrier functions. In ex vivo studies, H/R-exo and PE-exo both inhibited the growth and branch formation of kidney explants, along with the decrease of VE-cadherin and Occludin. In in vivo studies, we also found that H/R-exo and PE-exo could result in renal dysplasia, reduced glomerular number, and reduced barrier function in foetal mice. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrated that PE placenta-derived exosomes could lead to foetal renal dysplasia by delivering placenta-derived exosomes to foetal glomerular endothelial cells, which provides a novel understanding of the pathogenesis of foetal renal dysplasia. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Pengzheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qingfeng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 328 Jingshi East Road, Jinan, 250025, Shandong, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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8
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Farrelly R, Kennedy MG, Spencer R, Forbes K. Extracellular vesicles as markers and mediators of pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. J Physiol 2023; 601:4973-4988. [PMID: 37070801 DOI: 10.1113/jp282849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In high income countries, approximately 10% of pregnancies are complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and/or macrosomia resulting from gestational diabetes (GDM). Despite the burden of disease this places on pregnant people and their newborns, there are still few, if any, effective ways of preventing or treating these conditions. There are also gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologies and our ability to predict which mothers will be affected. The placenta plays a crucial role in pregnancy, and alterations in placental structure and function have been implicated in all of these conditions. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important molecules in cell-to-cell communication in health and disease, recent research involving maternal- and placental-derived EV has demonstrated their potential as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers of obstetric disorders. This review will consider how placental and maternal EVs have been investigated in pregnancies complicated by PE, PTB, FGR and GDM and aims to highlight areas where further research is required to enhance the management and eventual treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Farrelly
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Spencer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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9
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Shekari F, Alibhai FJ, Baharvand H, Börger V, Bruno S, Davies O, Giebel B, Gimona M, Salekdeh GH, Martin‐Jaular L, Mathivanan S, Nelissen I, Nolte‐’t Hoen E, O'Driscoll L, Perut F, Pluchino S, Pocsfalvi G, Salomon C, Soekmadji C, Staubach S, Torrecilhas AC, Shelke GV, Tertel T, Zhu D, Théry C, Witwer K, Nieuwland R. Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e115. [PMID: 38939735 PMCID: PMC11080896 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM-derived EVs (CCM-EV). The CCM-EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell-specific recommendations may need to be established for non-mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM-EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP‐TDC), Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Owen Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP UnitSpinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS) and Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies” Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | | | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Health departmentBoeretangBelgium
| | - Esther Nolte‐’t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology LabIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResourcesNational Research CouncilNaplesItaly
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)SPBrazil
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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10
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Zhang L, Liu J, Feng X, Lash GE. Unraveling the mysteries of spiral artery remodeling. Placenta 2023; 141:51-56. [PMID: 37308346 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spiral artery remodeling is the process by which the uterine vessels become large bore low resistance conduits, allowing delivery of high volumes of maternal blood to the placenta to nourish the developing fetus. Failure of this process is associated with the pathophysiology of most of the major obstetric complications, including late miscarriage, fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. However, the point at which remodeling 'fails' in these pathological pregnancies is not yet clear. Spiral artery remodeling has predominantly been described in terms of its morphological features, however we are starting to understand more about the cellular and molecular triggers of the different aspects of this process. This review will discuss the current state of knowledge of spiral artery remodeling, in particular the processes involved in loss of the vascular smooth muscle cells, and consider where in the process defects would lead to a pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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11
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Siddiq A, Dong G, Balan B, Harrison LG, Jex A, Olivier M, Allain T, Buret AG. A thermo-resistant and RNase-sensitive cargo from Giardia duodenalis extracellular vesicles modifies the behaviour of enterobacteria. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e109. [PMID: 38938375 PMCID: PMC11080815 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as important players in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. While the protist parasite Giardia duodenalis can produce EVs, their role in giardiasis remains obscure. Giardia can disrupt gut microbiota biofilms and transform commensal bacteria into invasive pathobionts at sites devoid of colonizing trophozoites via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that Giardia EVs could modify gut bacterial behaviour via a novel mode of trans-kingdom communication. Our findings indicate that Giardia EVs exert bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coli HB101 and Enterobacter cloacae TW1, increasing their swimming motility. Giardia EVs also decreased the biofilm-forming ability of E. coli HB101 but not by E. cloacae TW1, supporting the hypothesis that these effects are, at least in part, bacteria-selective. E. coli HB101 and E. cloacae TW1 exhibited increased adhesion/invasion onto small intestine epithelial cells when exposed to Giardia EVs. EVs labelled with PKH67 revealed colocalization with E. coli HB101 and E. cloacae TW1 bacterial cells. Small RNA sequencing revealed a high abundance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs, short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and micro-RNAs (miRNAs) within Giardia EVs. Proteomic analysis of EVs uncovered the presence of RNA chaperones and heat shock proteins that can facilitate the thermal stability of EVs and its sRNA cargo, as well as protein-modifying enzymes. In vitro, RNase heat-treatment assays showed that total RNAs in EVs, but not proteins, are responsible for modulating bacterial swimming motility and biofilm formation. G. duodenalis small RNAs of EVs, but not proteins, were responsible for the increased bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells induced upon exposure to Giardia EVs. Together, the findings indicate that Giardia EVs contain a heat-stable, RNase-sensitive cargo that can trigger the development of pathobiont characteristics in Enterobacteria, depicting a novel trans-kingdom cross-talk in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affan Siddiq
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - George Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global HeathMontréalQCCanada
| | - Balu Balan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneAustralia
- The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Luke G. Harrison
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Aaron Jex
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneAustralia
- The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Martin Olivier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global HeathMontréalQCCanada
| | - Thibault Allain
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Inflammation Research NetworkUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Host‐Parasite InteractionsUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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12
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Nguyen CM, Sallam M, Islam MS, Clack K, Soda N, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Placental Exosomes as Biomarkers for Maternal Diseases: Current Advances in Isolation, Characterization, and Detection. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37449399 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Serving as the interface between fetal and maternal circulation, the placenta plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. Placental exosomes are small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by the placenta during pregnancy. They contain a variety of biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, which can potentially be biomarkers of maternal diseases. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the utility of placental exosomes for the diagnosis and monitoring of pathological conditions such as pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. This suggests that placental exosomes may serve as new biomarkers in liquid biopsy analysis. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the biological function of placental exosomes and their potential as biomarkers of maternal diseases. Additionally, this review highlights current barriers and the way forward for standardization and validation of known techniques for exosome isolation, characterization, and detection. Finally, microfluidic devices for exosome research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Minh Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mohamed Sallam
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Sajedul Islam
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Kimberley Clack
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science (ESC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
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13
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Go YY, Lee CM, Chae SW, Song JJ. Regenerative capacity of trophoblast stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on mesenchymal stem cells. Biomater Res 2023; 27:62. [PMID: 37370189 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are therapeutic for clinical applications because of their excellent immunomodulatory and multiple lineage differentiation abilities at tissue injury sites. However, insufficient number of cells and lack of regenerative properties during in vitro expansion still limit the clinical applicability of MSC therapies. Here, we demonstrated a preconditioning strategy with trophoblast stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TSC-EVs) to boost the proliferation and regenerative capacity of MSCs. METHODS We employed cell proliferation analyses such as CCK8 and BrdU assays to determine the proliferation-promoting role of TSC-EVs on MSCs. Osteogenic effects of TSC-EVs on MSCs were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium assays, and calvarial bone defect animal models. For skin regenerative effects, skin wound mice model was exploited to analyze wound-healing rate in this study, as well as immunofluorescence and histological staining evaluates. We also performed the small RNA profiling and RNA-sequencing analyzes to understand the cellular mechanism of TSC-EVs on MSCs. RESULTS TSC-EVs significantly promoted MSC proliferation under xeno-free conditions and facilitated the therapeutic effects of MSCs, including osteogenesis, anti-senescence, and wound healing. Transcriptomic analysis also provided evidence that specific microRNAs in TSC-EVs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TSC-EV-treated MSCs showed the possibility of TSC-EVs triggering the regenerative abilities of MSCs with cytokine interaction. Hence, we found that NGF/Akt signaling mediated the regenerative effects of TSC-EVs on MSCs as a particular cellular signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated the functional properties of TSC-EVs on MSCs for MSC-based therapeutic applications, suggesting that TSC-EVs may serve as a potential preconditioning source for MSC therapy in the clinical field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
- Institute for Health Care Convergence Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Mi Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Chae
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea.
- Institute for Health Care Convergence Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Yang Y, An R, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Zhao J, Zhu X, Ma Y. Placenta-derived exosomes as carriers of non-coding RNAs in maternal circulation of patients with preeclampsia. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-21. [PMID: 37130192 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2202511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to illustrate the origin of these PE-related ncRNAs in maternal circulation and their underlying transport methods into target cells. We selected 10 women with severe pre-eclampsia (PE group) and 10 healthy participants who served as controls (NC group). Exosomes were isolated from their sera and their origin was determined by a specific marker, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). We compared the ncrna associated with PE in exosomes and whole serum to observe the exchange of serum exosomes with trophoblast cells. The results showed that PLAP was enriched in the isolated exosomes. Seven PE-associated ncRNAs, including lnc-SNHG5, miR-26a-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-30a-3p, miR-18a, miR-152 and miR-155, were analyzed in placenta-derived exosomes and whole serum from both groups. miR-26a-5p, miR-152 and miR-155 were upregulated in the PE group compared with the NC group. 152 and miR-155 were upregulated. 152 and miR-155 were upregulated, while miR-18a and miR-221-3p were downregulated (P<0.05). ncRNAs were altered in serum and placenta-derived serum exosomes in a consistent trend. Fluorescence microscopy results showed that the nuclei were counterstained in HTR-8 cells exposed to PKH26-labeled exosomes. PE-associated ncRNAs can enter the maternal circulation through secretion and encapsulation into placenta-derived exosomes and participate in the development and progression of PE by targeting trophoblast cells. differential expression of ncRNAs in exosomes has the potential to be used as predictors for targeted therapy, providing new ideas and perspectives for improving maternal and infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - RuiFang An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yufei Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Youyi Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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15
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Chaemsaithong P, Luewan S, Taweevisit M, Chiangjong W, Pongchaikul P, Thorner PS, Tongsong T, Chutipongtanate S. Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy Complications and Prospects on a Liquid Biopsy for Hemoglobin Bart's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5658. [PMID: 36982732 PMCID: PMC10055877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scaled vesicles released from all cell types into extracellular fluids and specifically contain signature molecules of the original cells and tissues, including the placenta. Placenta-derived EVs can be detected in maternal circulation at as early as six weeks of gestation, and their release can be triggered by the oxygen level and glucose concentration. Placental-associated complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes have alterations in placenta-derived EVs in maternal plasma, and this can be used as a liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of such pregnancy complications. Alpha-thalassemia major ("homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1") or hemoglobin Bart's disease is the most severe form of thalassemia disease, and this condition is lethal for the fetus. Women with Bart's hydrops fetalis demonstrate signs of placental hypoxia and placentomegaly, thereby placenta-derived EVs provide an opportunity for a non-invasive liquid biopsy of this lethal condition. In this article, we introduced clinical features and current diagnostic markers of Bart's hydrops fetalis, extensively summarize the characteristics and biology of placenta-derived EVs, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of placenta-derived EVs as part of diagnostic tests for placental complications focusing on Bart's hydrop fetalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suchaya Luewan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mana Taweevisit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Paul Scott Thorner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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16
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Chen C, Zhang Z, Gu X, Sheng X, Xiao L, Wang X. Exosomes: New regulators of reproductive development. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100608. [PMID: 36969697 PMCID: PMC10034510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a size range between 30 and 150 nm, which can be released by the majority of cell types and circulate in body fluid. They function as a long-distance cell-to-cell communication mechanism that modulates the gene expression profile and fate of target cells. Increasing evidence has indicated exosomes' central role in regulating various complex reproductive processes. However, to our knowledge, a review that focally and vividly describes the role of exosomes in reproductive development is still lacking. This review highlights our knowledge about the contribution of exosomes to early mammalian reproduction, such as gametogenesis, fertilization, early embryonic development, implantation, placentation and pregnancy. The discussion is primarily drawn from literature pertaining to the mammalian lineage with emphasis on the roles of exosomes in human reproduction and laboratory and livestock models.
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17
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Li Z, Tao M, Huang M, Pan W, Huang Q, Wang P, Zhang Y, Situ B, Zheng L. Quantification of placental extracellular vesicles in different pregnancy status via single particle analysis method. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:266-273. [PMID: 36587781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nano-sized, lipid bilayer-delimited placental extracellular vesicles (PEVs) released by the placenta are now regarded as important mediators involved in various physiological and pathological processes of pregnant women. The number and contents of PEVs are significantly altered in preeclampsia and are considered as potential biomarkers. However, the distribution pattern of PEVs in the maternal circulation in different pregnancy status is still unclear for the limitation of the traditional method with low sensitivity. METHODS In this work, we recruited 561 pregnant women with different pregnancy status and investigated the distribution pattern of PEVs in the maternal circulation based on a single extracellular vesicle analysis method and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), a placenta-specific marker. RESULTS The concentration of PEVs in pregnant women increased with the progression of gestational age, while the ratio of PEVs decreased to about 10% in the third trimester. Surprisingly, the PLAP+ EVs also presented in the plasma of non-pregnant women and normal male about 5%. The change in the ratio of PEVs can reflect the pregnancy status and also had a better diagnostic value in severe preeclampsia (AUC = 0.7811). CONCLUSIONS Our study not only reveals the distribution pattern of PEVs, but also identifies the diagnostic potential of PEVs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Maliang Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Weilun Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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18
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Gu M, Zhang F, Jiang X, Chen P, Wan S, Lv Q, Lu Y, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Li L. Influence of placental exosomes from early onset preeclampsia women umbilical cord plasma on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1061340. [PMID: 36620649 PMCID: PMC9816142 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early onset preeclampsia (EOSP, PE) is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress-induced trophoblast dysfunction is a major pathology in PE. Placental exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are involved in "mother-placenta-foetal communication" and can regulate the biological functions of endothelial cells. Our study was designed to evaluate placental exosomes effects on endothelial cells. Methods Umbilical cord blood from normal pregnant women and patients with PE were collected. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model in human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell (HTR8/SVneo) line to simulate the PE model of oxidative stress in vitro. Then, placental exosomes (i.e., NO-exo, H/R-exo, N-exo, and PE-exo) were extracted and identified. Finally, the effects of placental exosomes on the biological functions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were further evaluated by performing a series of experiments. Results Placental exosomes had a double-membrane cup structure with diameters of 30-150 nm, and there was no obvious difference in placental exosomes. Compared with NO-exo and N-exo, H/R-exo and PE-exo inhibited HUVECs proliferation, tube formation and migration, increased permeability and apoptosis in vitro. Conclusion We hypothesize that H/R-exo and PE-exo impair vessel development by disrupted biological functions in endothelial cells, which may result in vascular disorders in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengzheng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuting Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingfeng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China,Yanyun Wang,
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,The Laboratory of Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center (Institute of Translational Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences) of China, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Lei Li,
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19
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Osborne LM, Payne JL, Sherer ML, Sabunciyan S. Altered extracellular mRNA communication in postpartum depression is associated with decreased autophagy. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4526-4535. [PMID: 36138128 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether extracellular RNA communication, which is a recently discovered mode of intercellular communication that is involved in a variety of important biological processes including pregnancy, is associated with postpartum depression (PPD). Extracellular RNA communication is increased during pregnancy and is involved in embryo implantation, uterine spiral artery remodeling, parturition, preterm birth, immunity, and the inflammatory response. Since immune anomalies are associated with PPD, we characterized the mRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EV) in a cohort of prospectively collected blood plasma samples at six time-points throughout pregnancy and the postpartum (2nd trimester, 3rd trimester, 2 weeks postpartum, 6 weeks postpartum, 3 months postpartum, and 6 months postpartum) in an academic medical setting from women who went on to develop PPD (N = 7, defined as euthymic in pregnancy with postpartum-onset depressive symptoms assessed by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ≥13 at any postpartum time point) and matched unaffected controls (N = 7, defined as euthymic throughout pregnancy and postpartum). Blood samples were available for all participants at the T2 and W6 timepoints, with fewer samples available at other time points. This analysis revealed that EV mRNA levels during pregnancy and the postpartum period were extensively altered in women who went on to develop PPD. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that mRNAs associated with autophagy were decreased in PPD cases. In contrast, EV mRNAs from ribosomes and mitochondria, two organelles that are selectively targeted by autophagy, were elevated in PPD cases. Cellular deconvolution analysis discovered that EV mRNAs associated with PPD originated from monocytes and macrophages. Quantitative PCR analysis for four relevant genes in another cohort replicated these findings and confirmed that extracellular RNA levels are altered in PPD. We demonstrate that EV mRNA communication is robustly altered during pregnancy and the postpartum period in women who go on to develop PPD. Our work also establishes a direct link between reduced autophagy and PPD in patient samples. These data warrant investigating the feasibility of developing EV mRNA based biomarkers and therapeutic agents for PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Osborne
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Payne
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Morgan L Sherer
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarven Sabunciyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Listeria monocytogenes Infection Alters the Content and Function of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Trophoblast Stem Cells. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0034722. [PMID: 36154271 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00347-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental immunity is critical for fetal health during pregnancy, as invading pathogens spread from the parental blood to the fetus through this organ. However, inflammatory responses in the placenta can adversely affect both the fetus and the pregnant person, and the balance between protective placental immune response and detrimental inflammation is poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles that play a critical role in placental immunity. EVs produced by placental trophoblasts mediate immune tolerance to the fetus and to the placenta itself, but these EVs can also activate detrimental inflammatory responses. The regulation of these effects is not well characterized, and the role of trophoblast EVs (tEVs) in the response to infection has yet to be defined. The Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes infects the placenta, serving as a model to study tEV function in this context. We investigated the effect of L. monocytogenes infection on the production and function of tEVs, using a trophoblast stem cell (TSC) model. We found that tEVs from infected TSCs can induce the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in recipient cells. Surprisingly, this tEV treatment could confer increased susceptibility to subsequent L. monocytogenes infection, which has not been reported previously as an effect of EVs. Proteomic analysis and RNA sequencing revealed that tEVs from infected TSCs had altered cargo compared with those from uninfected TSCs. However, no L. monocytogenes proteins were detected in tEVs from infected TSCs. Together, these results suggest an immunomodulatory role for tEVs during prenatal infection.
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21
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Bergamelli M, Martin H, Aubert Y, Mansuy JM, Marcellin M, Burlet-Schiltz O, Hurbain I, Raposo G, Izopet J, Fournier T, Benchoua A, Bénard M, Groussolles M, Cartron G, Tanguy Le Gac Y, Moinard N, D’Angelo G, Malnou CE. Human Cytomegalovirus Modifies Placental Small Extracellular Vesicle Composition to Enhance Infection of Fetal Neural Cells In Vitro. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092030. [PMID: 36146834 PMCID: PMC9501265 DOI: 10.3390/v14092030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although placental small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are extensively studied in the context of pregnancy, little is known about their role during viral congenital infection, especially at the beginning of pregnancy. In this study, we examined the consequences of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection on sEVs production, composition, and function using an immortalized human cytotrophoblast cell line derived from first trimester placenta. By combining complementary approaches of biochemistry, electron microscopy, and quantitative proteomic analysis, we showed that hCMV infection increases the yield of sEVs produced by cytotrophoblasts and modifies their protein content towards a potential proviral phenotype. We further demonstrate that sEVs secreted by hCMV-infected cytotrophoblasts potentiate infection in naive recipient cells of fetal origin, including human neural stem cells. Importantly, these functional consequences are also observed with sEVs prepared from an ex vivo model of infected histocultures from early placenta. Based on these findings, we propose that placental sEVs could be important actors favoring viral dissemination to the fetal brain during hCMV congenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bergamelli
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mansuy
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Infrastructure nationale de protéomique, ProFI, FR 2048, Toulouse, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Infrastructure nationale de protéomique, ProFI, FR 2048, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, Plateforme d’imagerie cellulaire et tissulaire (PICT-IBiSA), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, Plateforme d’imagerie cellulaire et tissulaire (PICT-IBiSA), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Alexandra Benchoua
- Neuroplasticity and Therapeutics, CECS, I-STEM, AFM- Téléthon, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Mélinda Bénard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Service de Néonatalogie, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Groussolles
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Service de Diagnostic Prénatal, Toulouse, France
- Equipe SPHERE Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique: Risques, Maladies chroniques et handicaps, Université de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1027, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Cartron
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Tanguy Le Gac
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Moinard
- Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement (DEFE), INSERM UMR 1203, Université de Toulouse et Université de Montpellier, France
- CECOS, Service médecine de la reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gisela D’Angelo
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Cécile E. Malnou
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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22
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Low-Dose Tacrolimus Promotes the Migration and Invasion and Nitric Oxide Production in the Human-Derived First Trimester Extravillous Trophoblast Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158426. [PMID: 35955565 PMCID: PMC9369346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Placentation is one of the most important determinants for a successful pregnancy, and this is dependent on the process of trophoblast migration and invasion. Progesterone receptors (PGR) are critical effectors of progesterone (P4) signaling that is required for trophoblast migration and invasion conducive to a successful gestation. In immune complicated pregnancies, evidence has shown that abnormal placentation occurs because of aberrant expression of PGR. Therapeutic intervention with tacrolimus (FK506) was able to restore PGR expression and improve pregnancy outcomes in immune-complicated gestations; however, the exact mode of action of tacrolimus in assisting placentation is not clear. Here, we attempt to uncover the mode of action of tacrolimus by examining its effects on trophoblast invasion and migration in the human-derived extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell line, the HTR-8/SVneo cells. Using a variety of functional assays, we demonstrated that low-dose tacrolimus (10 ng/mL) was sufficient to significantly (p < 0.001) stimulate the migration and invasion of the HTR-8/SVneo cells, inducing their cytosolic/nuclear progesterone receptor expression and activation, and modulating their Nitric Oxide (NO) production. Moreover, tacrolimus abrogated the suppressive effect of the NOS inhibitor Nω- Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) on these vital processes critically involved in the establishment of human pregnancy. Collectively, our data suggest an immune-independent mode of action of tacrolimus in positively influencing placentation in complicated gestations, at least in part, through promoting the migration and invasion of the first trimester extravillous trophoblast cells by modulating their NO production and activating their cytosolic/nuclear progesterone-receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that the mode of action of tacrolimus as a monotherapy for implantation failure is plausibly PGR-dependent.
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23
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Wei XW, Zhang YC, Wu F, Tian FJ, Lin Y. The role of extravillous trophoblasts and uterine NK cells in vascular remodeling during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951482. [PMID: 37408837 PMCID: PMC10319396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful embryo implantation requires both a receptive endometrium and competent blastocysts. After implantation, the maternal decidua undergoes a series of changes, including uterine spiral artery (SA) remodeling to accommodate the fetus and provide nutrients and oxygen for the fetus to survive. Uterine spiral arteries transform from small-diameter, high-resistance arteries to large-diameter and low-resistance arteries during pregnancy. This transformation includes many changes, such as increased permeability and dilation of vessels, phenotypic switching and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), transient loss of endothelial cells (ECs), endovascular invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), and presence of intramural EVT, which are regulated by uterine NK (uNK) cells and EVTs. In this review, we mainly focus on the separate and combined roles of uNK cells and EVTs in uterine SA remodeling in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. New insight into related mechanisms will help us better understand the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications such as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and preeclampsia (PE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Wei
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Birth Defects and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Devvanshi H, Kachhwaha R, Manhswita A, Bhatnagar S, Kshetrapal P. Immunological Changes in Pregnancy and Prospects of Therapeutic Pla-Xosomes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895254. [PMID: 35517798 PMCID: PMC9065684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stringent balance of the immune system is a key regulatory factor in defining successful implantation, fetal development, and timely parturition. Interference in these primary regulatory mechanisms, either at adolescence or prenatal state led to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fertility restoration with the help of injectable gonadotrophins/progesterone, ovulation-inducing drugs, immunomodulatory drugs (corticosteroids), and reproductive surgeries provides inadequate responses, which manifest its own side effects. The development of a potential diagnostic biomarker and an effectual treatment for adverse pregnancy outcomes is a prerequisite to maternal and child health. Parent cell originated bi-layered-intraluminal nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) also known as exosomes are detected in all types of bodily fluids like blood, saliva, breast milk, urine, etc. Exosomes being the most biological residual structures with the least cytotoxicity are loaded with cargo in the form of RNAs (miRNAs), proteins (cytokines), hormones (estrogen, progesterone, etc.), cDNAs, and metabolites making them chief molecules of cell-cell communication. Their keen involvement in the regulation of biological processes has portrayed them as the power shots of cues to understand the disease's pathophysiology and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of immunexosomes (immunomodulating exosomes) in maintaining unwavering immune homeostasis between the mother and developing fetus for a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, the concentration and size of the exosomes are extensively studied in adverse pregnancies like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROMs) as an early diagnostic marker, thus giving in-depth information about their pathophysiology. Exosomes have also been engineered physically as well as genetically to enhance their encapsulation efficiency and specificity in therapy for cancer and adverse pregnancies. Successful bench to bedside discoveries and interventions in cancer has motivated developmental biologists to investigate the role of immunexosomes and their active components. Our review summarizes the pre-clinical studies for the use of these power-shots as therapeutic agents. We envisage that these studies will pave the path for the use of immunexosomes in clinical settings for reproductive problems that arise due to immune perturbance in homeostasis either at adolescence or prenatal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Devvanshi
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rohit Kachhwaha
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Anima Manhswita
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Inagaki M, Tachikawa M. Transport Characteristics of Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Relevance to Placenta-to-Maternal Tissue Communication. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:324-329. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Inagaki
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University
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Extracellular Vesicles—New Players in Cell-To-Cell Communication in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020462. [PMID: 35203669 PMCID: PMC8962272 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has contributed to a better understanding of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Biologically active cargo, such as miRNAs and proteins, is critical in many different biological processes. In this context, pregnancy is one of the most complex physiological states, which needs a highly regulated system to ensure the correct nourishment and development of the baby. However, pre-existent maternal conditions and habits can modify the EV-cargo and dysregulate the system leading to pregnancy complications, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) being one of the most reported and influential. Calcification and aging of muscle cells, protein modification in vascular control or variations in the levels of specific miRNAs are some of the changes observed or led by EV populations as adaptation to GDM. Interestingly, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance changes are not fully understood to date. Nevertheless, the increasing evidence generated has opened new possibilities in the biomarker discovery field but also in the understanding of cellular mechanisms modified and involved in GDM. This brief review aims to discuss some of the findings in GDM and models used for that purpose and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a focus on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of serum-purified exosomes identifies putative pre-eclampsia-associated biomarkers. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:5. [PMID: 35144530 PMCID: PMC8903615 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of pre-eclampsia, which affects 2-7% of all pregnancies, remains a major health concern. Detection of pre-eclampsia before the appearance of clinical symptoms is essential to allow early intervention, and would benefit from identification of plasma/serum biomarkers to help guide diagnosis and treatment. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising source of protein biomarkers that circumvents some of the inherent challenges of proteome-wide analysis of plasma/serum. In this respect, purified exosomes have the added benefit of being carriers of intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. METHODS We compared the protein complement of purified exosomes from three different collections of control and pre-eclamptic serum samples, obtained at the end of the second trimester of pregnancy and at delivery. We employed shotgun label-free proteomics to investigate differential protein expression, which was then validated by targeted proteomics. RESULTS We developed a purification method that yielded highly enriched exosome preparations. The presence of specific pregnancy protein markers suggested that a significant proportion of purified exosomes derived from tissues related to pregnancy. Quantitative proteomic analyses allowed us to identify 10, 114 and 98 differentially-regulated proteins in the three sample collections, with a high degree of concordance. Functional analysis suggested that these proteins participate in biological processes related to pre-eclampsia, including angiogenesis, inflammation and cell migration. The differential abundance of 66 proteins was validated by targeted proteomics. Finally, we studied the impact of the pre-eclampsia-associated exosomes in the proteome using an in vitro cellular model. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and validated differential exosomal proteins in liquid biopsy of pregnant women that open new possibilities for early detection of pre-eclampsia. Additionally, the functional impact of the proteome composition of purified pre-eclamptic exosomes in target cells provides new information to better understand changes in embryo-maternal interactions and, consequently, the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Dichotomy in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission in placental mesenchymal cells during development and preeclampsia: consequences for trophoblast mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:191. [PMID: 35220394 PMCID: PMC8882188 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDynamic changes in physiologic oxygen are required for proper placenta development; yet, when low-oxygen levels persist, placental development is halted, culminating in preeclampsia (PE), a serious complication of pregnancy. Considering mitochondria’s function is intimately linked to oxygen changes, we investigated the impact of oxygen on mitochondrial dynamics in placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) that are vital for proper placental development. Transmission electron microscopy, proximity ligation assays for mitochondrial VDAC1 and endoplasmic reticulum IP3R, and immunoanalyses of p-DRP1 and OPA1, demonstrate that low-oxygen conditions in early 1st trimester and PE promote mitochondrial fission in pMSCs. Increased mitochondrial fission of mesenchymal cells was confirmed in whole PE placental tissue sections. Inhibition of DRP1 oligomerization with MDiVi-1 shows that low oxygen-induced mitochondrial fission is a direct consequence of DRP1 activation, likely via HIF1. Mitophagy, a downstream event prompted by mitochondrial fission, is a prominent outcome in PE, but not 1st trimester pMSCs. We also investigated whether mesenchymal–epithelial interactions affect mitochondrial dynamics of trophoblasts in PE placentae. Exposure of trophoblastic JEG3 cells to exosomes of preeclamptic pMSCs caused heightened mitochondrial fission in the cells via a sphingomyelin-dependent mechanism that was restored by MDiVi-1. Our data uncovered dichotomous regulation of mitochondrial fission and health in human placental mesenchymal cells under physiologic and pathologic hypoxic conditions and its impact on neighboring trophoblast cells.
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Bergamelli M, Martin H, Bénard M, Ausseil J, Mansuy JM, Hurbain I, Mouysset M, Groussolles M, Cartron G, Tanguy le Gac Y, Moinard N, Suberbielle E, Izopet J, Tscherning C, Raposo G, Gonzalez-Dunia D, D'Angelo G, Malnou CE. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Changes the Pattern of Surface Markers of Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From First Trimester Placental Long-Term Histocultures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689122. [PMID: 34568315 PMCID: PMC8461063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as key players in a wide variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including during pregnancy. Notably, EVs appear both as possible biomarkers and as mediators involved in the communication of the placenta with the maternal and fetal sides. A better understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of EVs strongly depends on the development of adequate and reliable study models, specifically at the beginning of pregnancy where many adverse pregnancy outcomes have their origin. In this study, we describe the isolation of small EVs from a histoculture model of first trimester placental explants in normal conditions as well as upon infection by human cytomegalovirus. Using bead-based multiplex cytometry and electron microscopy combined with biochemical approaches, we characterized these small EVs and defined their associated markers and ultrastructure. We observed that infection led to changes in the expression level of several surface markers, without affecting the secretion and integrity of small EVs. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the functional role of EVs during early pregnancy, along with the identification of new predictive biomarkers for the severity and outcome of this congenital infection, which are still sorely lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bergamelli
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélinda Bénard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Néonatalogie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- CNRS UMR 144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 144, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Maïlys Mouysset
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Groussolles
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Service de Diagnostic Prénatal, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France.,INSERM UMR 1027, UPS, Equipe SPHERE Epidémiologie et Analyses en Santé Publique: Risques, Maladies Chroniques et Handicaps, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Cartron
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Tanguy le Gac
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Moinard
- Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité, Environnement (DEFE), INSERM UMR 1203, Université de Toulouse et Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,CECOS, Groupe d'Activité de Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Suberbielle
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte Tscherning
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- CNRS UMR 144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 144, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gisela D'Angelo
- CNRS UMR 144, Structure et Compartiments Membranaires, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Cécile E Malnou
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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30
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Trophoblasts Modulate the Ca 2+ Oscillation and Contraction of Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells by Small Extracellular Vesicle- (sEV-) Mediated Exporting of miR-25-3p during Premature Labor. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8140667. [PMID: 34413928 PMCID: PMC8369173 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8140667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The placenta could transmit information to the maternal circulation via the secretion of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), but little is known about whether and how these sEVs participate in premature labor (PTL). We speculate that miRNA plays an important role in sEV-mediated fetal-maternal information transmission. The present study was aimed at investigating whether the placenta can regulate the contraction of the maternal myometrium via sEV-mediated transmit of miR-25-3p during PTL. The expression of miR-25-3p and its targets Cav3.2 and SERCA2a in clinical samples, cells, and animal specimens was detected. The role of miR-25-3p was observed in the LPS-induced preterm labor mouse model. The sEVs from HTR-8/SVneo cells were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The Ca2+ oscillation in HMSMs was analyzed by an intracellular Ca2+ change tracking assay on a confocal microscope. The contraction of HMSMs was detected by a collagen matrix contraction assay. We found that miR-25-3p can directly bind to the 3′UTR of Cav3.2 and SERCA2a. The miR-25-3p level was decreased, and the expression of its targets Cav3.2 and SERCA2a was increased in the placenta and myometrium tissues of PTL patients. Forced upregulation of miR-25-3p reduced the oxidative stress and inflammation responses and the incidence of PTL in LPS-treated mice. The expression of miR-25-3p was not changed in LPS-stimulated human myometrial smooth muscle cells (HMSMs) but was strongly reduced in the trophoblast cell and its sEVs. Additionally, the trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo could transmit miR-25-3p into HMSMs via sEVs. The sEVs derived from LPS-stimulated trophoblasts upregulated the expression of Cav3.2 and SERCA2a and triggered Ca2+ oscillation as well as the contraction of HMSMs; these effects were partially reversed by the overexpression of miR-25-3p in the trophoblasts. Further, the upregulation of miR-25-3p induced changes of Ca2+ oscillation and contraction of HMSMs mediated by sEVs which were also abrogated by the knockdown of miR-25-3p in HMSMs. The results demonstrated that miR-25-3p plays a crucial role in PTL via Cav3.2- and SERCA2a-mediated Ca2+ oscillation and contraction of HMSMs. PTL seems to be related to the decreased exosomal miR-25-3p content transmitted by the trophoblasts under inflammatory conditions.
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31
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Barros Lamus ER, Carotti V, de Vries CRS, Witsel F, Arntz OJ, van de Loo FAJ, Carvajal CA, Bindels RJM, Hoenderop JGJ, Rigalli JP. Extracellular vesicles regulate purinergic signaling and epithelial sodium channel expression in renal collecting duct cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21506. [PMID: 33811695 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002559r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling regulates several renal physiological and pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by most cell types, which, in non-renal tissues, modulate purinergic signaling. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EVs from renal proximal tubule (HK2) and collecting duct cells (HCD) on intra- and intersegment modulation of extracellular ATP levels, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and the impact on the expression of the alpha subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (αENaC). HK2 cells were exposed to HK2 EVs, while HCD cells were exposed to HK2 and HCD EVs. Extracellular ATP levels and αENaC expression were measured by chemiluminescence and qRT-PCR, respectively. ATPases in EV populations were identified by mass spectrometry. The effect of aldosterone was assessed using EVs from aldosterone-treated cells and urinary EVs (uEVs) from primary aldosteronism (PA) patients. HK2 EVs downregulated ectonucleoside-triphosphate-diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1) expression, increased extracellular ATP and downregulated αENaC expression in HCD cells. ENTPD1 downregulation could be attributed to increased miR-205-3p and miR-505 levels. Conversely, HCD EVs decreased extracellular ATP levels and upregulated αENaC expression in HCD cells, probably due to enrichment of 14-3-3 isoforms with ATPase activity. Pretreatment of donor cells with aldosterone or exposure to uEVs from PA patients enhanced the effects on extracellular ATP and αENaC expression. We demonstrated inter- and intrasegment modulation of renal purinergic signaling by EVs. Our findings postulate EVs as carriers of information along the renal tubules, whereby processes affecting EV release and/or cargo may impact on purinergically regulated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Barros Lamus
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Carotti
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine R S de Vries
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Witsel
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan P Rigalli
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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32
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Hashimoto A, Sugiura K, Hoshino A. Impact of exosome-mediated feto-maternal interactions on pregnancy maintenance and development of obstetric complications. J Biochem 2021; 169:163-171. [PMID: 33231644 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is an immunological paradox, a phenomenon in which the foetus and the placenta, containing foreign antigens to the mother, develop without inducing rejection by the maternal immune system. Cell-to-cell communication between the foetus and the mother is mediated by secreted factors such as cytokines, hormones and extracellular vesicles (EVs) for a successful pregnancy and to avoid rejection. Exosomes, the smallest of EVs, are released extracellularly, where they are taken up by proximal or distant recipient cells. Here, we discuss the role of EVs, especially exosomes in feto-maternal communication during pregnancy. This review will provide an overview of the functional roles exosomes may play during embryo implantation, modulating immune responses during pregnancy and the onset of labour. Moreover, we will discuss exosomal function in obstetric pathology, and the development of pregnancy-associated complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth as well as the biomarker potential of exosomes for detecting such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hashimoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kei Sugiura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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33
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Mohammad S, Hutchinson KA, da Silva DF, Bhattacharjee J, McInnis K, Burger D, Adamo KB. Circulating small extracellular vesicles increase after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12615. [PMID: 34135428 PMCID: PMC8209031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological and molecular mechanisms linking prenatal physical activity and improvements in maternal–fetal health are unknown. It is hypothesized that small extracellular vesicles (EVs, ~ 10–120 nm) are involved in tissue cross-talk during exercise. We aimed to characterize the circulating small EV profile of pregnant versus non-pregnant women after an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Pregnant (N = 10) and non-pregnant control (N = 9) women performed a single session of moderate-intensity treadmill walking for 30 min. Plasma was collected immediately pre- and post-exercise, and small EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation. EV presence was confirmed by western blotting for the small EV proteins TSG-101 and flottilin-1. Small EVs were quantified by size and concentration using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. All EV fractions were positive for TSG-101 and flotillin-1, and negative for calnexin. Mean vesicle size at baseline and percent change in size post-exercise were not different between groups. At baseline, pregnant women had higher levels of small EVs compared to controls (1.83E+10 ± 1.25E+10 particles/mL vs. 8.11E+09 ± 4.04E+09 particles/mL, respectively; p = 0.032). Post-exercise, small EVs increased significantly in the circulation of pregnant compared to non-pregnant women after correcting for baseline values (64.7 ± 24.6% vs. − 23.3 ± 26.1%, respectively; F = 5.305, p = 0.035). Further research is needed to assess the functional roles of exercise-induced small EVs in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhiba Mohammad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly Ann Hutchinson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kurt McInnis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,, 200 Lees Avenue, Building E, Room E250F, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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34
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Freger S, Leonardi M, Foster WG. Exosomes and their cargo are important regulators of cell function in endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:370-378. [PMID: 34272164 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic oestrogen-dependent gynaecological disorder characterized by non-menstrual pelvic pain, infertility and the extrauterine growth of endometrial-like glands and stroma. It has been noted that the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis is functionally distinct from that of women without endometriosis. Moreover, ectopic endometrial implants are functionally different from the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. However, the mechanisms directing these differences are ill-defined. It is proposed here that small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles called exosomes are important vehicles in the protection and transport of signalling molecules central to the dysregulation of endometrial function in women with endometriosis. Therefore, a critical review of the literature linking exosomes and their cargo to the pathobiology of endometriosis was conducted. Circulating peritoneal fluid and endometrial cell exosomes contained long non-coding RNA, miRNA and proteins involved in histone modification, angiogenesis and immune modulation that differed significantly in women with endometriosis compared with controls. Moreover, experimental evidence supports a role for exosomes and their cargo in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, immune modulation and endometrial stromal cell invasion. It is therefore suggested that exosomes play an important role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Freger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mathew Leonardi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada; Sydney Medical School Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Warren George Foster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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35
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Gebara N, Correia Y, Wang K, Bussolati B. Angiogenic Properties of Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Normal Pregnancy and in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5402. [PMID: 34065595 PMCID: PMC8160914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the main processes that coordinate the biological events leading to a successful pregnancy, and its imbalance characterizes several pregnancy-related diseases, including preeclampsia. Intracellular interactions via extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to pregnancy's physiology and pathophysiology, and to the fetal-maternal interaction. The present review outlines the implications of EV-mediated crosstalk in the angiogenic process in healthy pregnancy and its dysregulation in preeclampsia. In particular, the effect of EVs derived from gestational tissues in pro and anti-angiogenic processes in the physiological and pathological setting is described. Moreover, the application of EVs from placental stem cells in the clinical setting is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gebara
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Yolanda Correia
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (Y.C.); (K.W.)
| | - Keqing Wang
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (Y.C.); (K.W.)
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
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36
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Bai K, Li X, Zhong J, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Lee CL, Chiu PCN. Placenta-Derived Exosomes as a Modulator in Maternal Immune Tolerance During Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671093. [PMID: 34046039 PMCID: PMC8144714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles with an average diameter of ~100nm. Exosomes are released by all cells through an endosome-dependent pathway and carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, cytokines and metabolites, mirroring the state of the originating cells. The function of exosomes has been implicated in various reproduction processes, such as embryo development, implantation, decidualization and placentation. Placenta-derived exosomes (pEXO) can be detected in the maternal blood as early as 6 weeks after conception and their levels increase with gestational age. Importantly, alternations in the molecular signatures of pEXO are observed in pregnancy-related complications. Thus, these differentially expressed molecules could be the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of the pregnancy-associated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that pEXO play a key role in the establishment of maternal immune tolerance, which is critical for a successful pregnancy. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, we highlighted the advanced studies of pEXO on immune cells in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunfeng Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiangming Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ernest H Y Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S B Yeung
- The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Philip C N Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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37
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Pregnancy-Related Extracellular Vesicles Revisited. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083904. [PMID: 33918880 PMCID: PMC8068855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles ranging from 20–200 nm to 10 μm in diameter that are discharged and taken in by many different types of cells. Depending on the nature and quantity of their content—which generally includes proteins, lipids as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger-RNA (mRNA), and DNA—these particles can bring about functional modifications in the receiving cells. During pregnancy, placenta and/or fetal-derived EVs have recently been isolated, eliciting interest in discovering their clinical significance. To date, various studies have associated variations in the circulating levels of maternal and fetal EVs and their contents, with complications including gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, ultimately leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, EVs have also been identified as messengers and important players in viral infections during pregnancy, as well as in various congenital malformations. Their presence can be detected in the maternal blood from the first trimester and their level increases towards term, thus acting as liquid biopsies that give invaluable insight into the status of the feto-placental unit. However, their exact roles in the metabolic and vascular adaptations associated with physiological and pathological pregnancy is still under investigation. Analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles available in online databases, the purpose of this review is to synthesize current knowledge regarding the utility of quantification of pregnancy related EVs in general and placental EVs in particular as non-invasive evidence of placental dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to develop the current understanding of these particles and their applicability in clinical practice.
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38
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Burkova EE, Sedykh SE, Nevinsky GA. Human Placenta Exosomes: Biogenesis, Isolation, Composition, and Prospects for Use in Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042158. [PMID: 33671527 PMCID: PMC7926398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 40–100 nm nanovesicles participating in intercellular communication and transferring various bioactive proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids. During pregnancy, the placenta releases exosomes into the maternal circulation. Placental exosomes are detected in the maternal blood even in the first trimester of pregnancy and their numbers increase significantly by the end of pregnancy. Exosomes are necessary for the normal functioning of the placenta and fetal development. Effects of exosomes on target cells depend not only on their concentration but also on their intrinsic components. The biochemical composition of the placental exosomes may cause various complications of pregnancy. Some studies relate the changes in the composition of nanovesicles to placental dysfunction. Isolation of placental exosomes from the blood of pregnant women and the study of protein, lipid, and nucleic composition can lead to the development of methods for early diagnosis of pregnancy pathologies. This review describes the biogenesis of exosomes, methods of their isolation, analyzes their biochemical composition, and considers the prospects for using exosomes to diagnose pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya E. Burkova
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.E.S.); (G.A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-27
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.E.S.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.E.S.); (G.A.N.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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39
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Nguyen SL, Ahn SH, Greenberg JW, Collaer BW, Agnew DW, Arora R, Petroff MG. Integrins mediate placental extracellular vesicle trafficking to lung and liver in vivo. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4217. [PMID: 33602965 PMCID: PMC7893009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in all organisms, and those produced by placental mammals have become increasingly recognized as significant mediators of fetal-maternal communication. Here, we aimed to identify maternal cells targeted by placental EVs and elucidate the mechanisms by which they traffic to these cells. Exogenously administered pregnancy-associated EVs traffic specifically to the lung; further, placental EVs associate with lung interstitial macrophages and liver Kupffer cells in an integrin-dependent manner. Localization of EV to maternal lungs was confirmed in unmanipulated pregnancy using a transgenic reporter mouse model, which also provided in situ and in vitro evidence that fetally-derived EVs, rarely, may cause genetic alteration of maternal cells. These results provide for the first time direct in vivo evidence that placental EVs target maternal immune cells, and further, that EVs can alter cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean L Nguyen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, 3009 Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Building 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48854, USA.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Greenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin W Collaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dalen W Agnew
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Margaret G Petroff
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, 3009 Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Building 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48854, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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40
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Nair S, Ormazabal V, Lappas M, McIntyre HD, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles and their potential role inducing changes in maternal insulin sensitivity during gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 85:e13361. [PMID: 33064367 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders during gestation and affects around 15% of all pregnancies worldwide, paralleling the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Normal pregnancies are critically dependent on the development of maternal insulin resistance balanced by an increased capacity to secrete insulin, which allows for the allocation of nutrients for adequate foetal growth and development. Several factors including placental hormones, inflammatory mediators and nutrients have been proposed to alter insulin sensitivity and insulin response and underpin the pathological outcomes of GDM. However, other factors may also be involved in the regulation of maternal metabolism and a complete understanding of GDM pathophysiology requires the identification of these factors, and the mechanisms associated with them. Recent studies highlight the potential utility of tissue-specific extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the diagnosis of disease onset and treatment monitoring for several pregnancy-related complications, including GDM. To date, there is a paucity of data defining changes in the release, content, bioactivity and diagnostic utility of circulating EVs in pregnancies complicated by GDM. Placental EVs may engage in paracellular interactions including local cell-to-cell communication between the cell constituents of the placenta and contiguous maternal tissues, and/or distal interactions involving the release of placental EVs into biological fluids and their transport to a remote site of action. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the biogenesis, isolation methods and role of EVs in the physiopathology of GDM, including changes in maternal insulin sensitivity during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - H David McIntyre
- Mater Research, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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41
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Murugesan S, Saravanakumar L, Powell MF, Rajasekaran NS, Kannappan R, Berkowitz DE. Role of exosomal microRNA signatures: An emerging factor in preeclampsia-mediated cardiovascular disease. Placenta 2021; 103:226-231. [PMID: 33171429 PMCID: PMC8278543 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and vascular dysfunction are major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although extensively studied, the complete understanding of the pathophysiology behind PE remains unclear. Current reports indicate that exosomes are essential mediators in PE-related cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Exosomes are synthesized from multivesicular bodies (MVB) and contain functionally active microRNAs miRNAs). These miRNAs have been shown to mediate physiological and pathological functions through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling mechanisms. The role of miRNAs in pregnant women with PE has been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effect of exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in PE. This paper will review and discuss the existing evidence for exomiR function in PE and highlight the need for future studies to explore the role that exomiR signatures have in cardiovascular dysfunction associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanakumar Murugesan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Lakshmi Saravanakumar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mark F Powell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Namakkal Soorappan Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging and Redox Signaling Laboratory, Center for Free Radical Biology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Kannappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dan E Berkowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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42
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Zhang JY, Wu P, Chen D, Ning F, Lu Q, Qiu X, Hewison M, Tamblyn JA, Kilby MD, Lash GE. Vitamin D Promotes Trophoblast Cell Induced Separation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Remodeling via Induction of G-CSF. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:601043. [PMID: 33415106 PMCID: PMC7783206 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with complications of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and miscarriage, all of which are also associated with incomplete spiral artery (SpA) remodeling. We have previously shown that both uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) are required for successful SpA remodeling, but whether their activity in this process is modulated by vitamin D is not known. In the current study, we use a previously described chorionic plate artery (CPA) ex vivo model of vascular remodeling to determine the effects of 1,25(OH)2D treated uNK cell, placental explant (PEx), and uNK/PEx conditioned medium (CM) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) disorganization and phenotypic switching. Significant results were followed up in VSMCs in vitro. We demonstrate that 1,25(OH)2D can enhance the ability of PEx to induce SpA remodeling, via a mechanism associated with increased secretion of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF appears able to increase VSMC disorganization and phenotypic switching in both an ex vivo vascular model and in vitro VSMC cultures. The clinical relevance of these findings are still to be determined. G-CSF may have differential effects depending on dose and vascular bed, and vitamin D may play a role in potentiating these actions. G-CSF may be an interesting potential therapeutic target for facilitating physiological vascular remodeling for the prevention of adverse obstetric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Yue Zhang
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peihuang Wu
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Ning
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinsheng Lu
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Qiu
- Born in Guangzhou Cohort, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Martin Hewison
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Tamblyn
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Kilby
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Fetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Abstract
Background: Numerous changes in maternal physiology occur during pregnancy that are critical in controlling and maintaining the maternal metabolic adaptations and fetal development. The placenta is the key source through which the fetus receives nutrients, blood, and oxygen for growth. The human placenta releases several molecules into maternal circulation that include hormones, proteins, RNA, and DNA throughout the course of pregnancy. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from the placenta have been found in the maternal circulation. Methods: In this review, we discuss the role of EVs in maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy. Results: EVs originating from the placenta can be divided into 3 categories based on their size and/or origin: exosomes (50 to 150 nm), microvesicles (nm to several μm), and apoptotic bodies or syncytial nuclear aggregates (>1 μm). The cellular microenvironment—such as oxygen tension and glucose concentration—have been found to control EV release from the placenta and their bioactivity on target cells. Furthermore, maternal EVs can stimulate cytokine release from endothelial cells and are involved in several physiologic and pathologic events in pregnancy. Conclusion: Exosomes provide a way to identify the function and metabolic state of cell origin through their ability to reflect the microenvironment that they are released from. Further understanding of how EVs regulate key events in pregnancy may help elucidate how maternal-fetal communication is established in both normal and pathologic conditions.
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44
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Zabel RR, Bär C, Ji J, Schultz R, Hammer M, Groten T, Schleussner E, Morales-Prieto DM, Markert UR, Favaro RR. Enrichment and characterization of extracellular vesicles from ex vivo one-sided human placenta perfusion. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 86:e13377. [PMID: 33175429 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the placenta are packed with biological information and play a major role in fetomaternal communication. Here, we describe a comprehensive set-up for the enrichment and characterization of EVs from human placenta perfusion and their application in further assays. METHOD OF STUDY Human term placentas were used for 3 h ex vivo one-sided perfusions to simulate the intervillous circulation. Thereafter, populations of small (sEVs) and large EV (lEVs) were enriched from placental perfusate via serial ultracentrifugation. Following, EV populations were characterized regarding their size, protein concentration, RNA levels, expression of surface markers as well as their uptake and miRNA transfer to recipient cells. RESULTS The sEV and lEV fractions from an entire perfusate yielded, respectively, 294 ± 32 µg and 525 ± 96 µg of protein equivalents and 2.6 ± 0.5 µg and 3.6 ± 0.9 µg of RNA. The sEV fraction had a mean diameter of 117 ± 47 nm, and the lEV fraction presented 236 ± 54 nm. CD63 was strongly detected by dot blot in sEVs, whereas only traces of this marker were found in lEVs. Both EV fractions were positive for the trophoblast marker PLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) and annexin A1. EV internalization in immune cells was visualized by confocal microscopy, and the transfer of placental miRNAs was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). CONCLUSIONS Enriched EV populations showed characteristic features of sEVs and lEVs. EV uptake and transfer of miRNAs to recipient cells demonstrated their functional integrity. Therefore, we advocate the ex vivo one-sided placenta perfusion as a robust approach for the collection of placental EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Zabel
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christin Bär
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jinlu Ji
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rowena Schultz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Hammer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Groten
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rodolfo R Favaro
- Placenta-Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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45
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Rampersaud AM, Dunk CE, Lye SJ, Renaud SJ. Palmitic acid induces inflammation in placental trophoblasts and impairs their migration toward smooth muscle cells through plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:850-865. [PMID: 32898274 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical component of early human placental development includes migration of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the decidua. EVTs migrate toward and displace vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) surrounding several uterine structures, including spiral arteries. Shallow trophoblast invasion features in several pregnancy complications including preeclampsia. Maternal obesity is a risk factor for placental dysfunction, suggesting that factors within an obese environment may impair early placental development. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid circulating at high levels in obese women, induces an inflammatory response in EVTs that hinders their capacity to migrate toward SMCs. We found that SMCs and SMC-conditioned media stimulated migration and invasion of an EVT-like cell line, HTR8/SVneo. Palmitic acid impaired EVT migration and invasion toward SMCs, and induced expression of several vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in EVTs, including endothelin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and PAI1. PAI1 was increased in plasma of women with early-onset preeclampsia, and PAI1-deficient EVTs were protected from the anti-migratory effects of palmitic acid. Using first trimester placental explants, palmitic acid exposure decreased EVT invasion through Matrigel. Our findings reveal that palmitic acid induces an inflammatory response in EVTs and attenuates their migration through a mechanism involving PAI1. High levels of palmitic acid in pathophysiological situations like obesity may impair early placental development and predispose to placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Rampersaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline E Dunk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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46
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Extracellular vesicles: Mediators of embryo-maternal crosstalk during pregnancy and a new weapon to fight against infertility. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151125. [PMID: 33059931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern-day life, infertility is one of the major issues that can affect an individual, both physically and psychologically. Several anatomical, physiological, and genetic factors might contribute to the infertility of an individual. Intercellular communication between trophectoderm and endometrial epithelium triggers successful embryo implantation and thereby establishes pregnancy. Recent studies demonstrate that Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as one of the crucial components that are involved in embryo-maternal communication and promote pregnancy. Membrane-bound EVs release several secreted factors within the uterine fluid, which mediates an intermolecular transfer of EVs' cargos between blastocysts and endometrium. Emerging evidences indicate that several events like imbalance in the release of endometrial or placenta-derived EVs (exosomes/MVs), uptake of their content, failure of embryo selection might lead to implantation failure. Here in this review, we have discussed the current knowledge of the involvement of EVs in maternal-fetal communications during implantation and also highlighted the EVs' rejuvenating ability to overcome infertility-related issues. We also discussed the alteration of the EVs' cargo in different pathological conditions that lead to infertility. Therefore, this review would give a better understanding of EVs' contribution in successful embryo implantation, which could help in the development of new diagnostic tools and cell-free biologics to improve the in vivo reproductive process and to treat infertility by restoring normal reproductive functions.
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47
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Gavinho B, Sabatke B, Feijoli V, Rossi IV, da Silva JM, Evans-Osses I, Palmisano G, Lange S, Ramirez MI. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibition Abolishes the Production of Large Extracellular Vesicles From Giardia intestinalis, Affecting Host-Pathogen Interactions by Hindering Adhesion to Host Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:417. [PMID: 33072615 PMCID: PMC7539837 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a microaerophilic protozoan that is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea worldwide. There is evidence that under diverse conditions, the parasite is capable of shedding extracellular vesicles (EVs) which modulate the physiopathology of giardiasis. Here we describe new features of G. intestinalis EV production, revealing its capacity to shed two different enriched EV populations: large (LEV) and small extracellular vesicles (SEV) and identified relevant adhesion functions associated with the larger population. Proteomic analysis revealed differences in proteins relevant for virulence and host-pathogen interactions between the two EV subsets, such as cytoskeletal and anti-oxidative stress response proteins in LEVS. We assessed the effect of two recently identified inhibitors of EV release in mammalian cells, namely peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) inhibitor and cannabidiol (CBD), on EV release from Giardia. The compounds were both able to effectively reduce EV shedding, the PAD-inhibitor specifically affecting the release of LEVs and reducing parasite attachment to host cells in vitro. Our results suggest that LEVs and SEVs have a different role in host-pathogen interaction, and that treatment with EV-inhibitors may be a novel treatment strategy for recurrent giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gavinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Sabatke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Veronica Feijoli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izadora Volpato Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Evans-Osses
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Centro Universitario Santa Cruz, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas II, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Ivan Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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48
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Li H, Pinilla-Macua I, Ouyang Y, Sadovsky E, Kajiwara K, Sorkin A, Sadovsky Y. Internalization of trophoblastic small extracellular vesicles and detection of their miRNA cargo in P-bodies. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1812261. [PMID: 32944196 PMCID: PMC7480505 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1812261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique situation, in which placenta-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) may communicate with maternal and foetal tissues. While relevant to homoeostatic and pathological functions, the mechanisms underlying sEV entry and cargo handling in target cells remain largely unknown. Using fluorescently or luminescently labelled sEVs, derived from primary human placental trophoblasts or from a placental cell line, we interrogated the endocytic pathways used by these sEVs to enter relevant target cells, including the neighbouring primary placental fibroblasts and human uterine microvascular endothelial cells. We found that trophoblastic sEVs can enter target cells, where they retain biological activity. Importantly, using a broad series of pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA-dependent silencing approaches, we showed that trophoblastic sEVs enter target cells using macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathways, but not caveolin-dependent endocytosis. Tracking their intracellular course, we localized the sEVs to early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. Finally, we used coimmunoprecipitation to demonstrate the association of the sEV microRNA (miRNA) with the P-body proteins AGO2 and GW182. Together, our data systematically detail endocytic pathways used by placental sEVs to enter relevant fibroblastic and endothelial target cells, and provide support for “endocytic escape” of sEV miRNA to P-bodies, a key site for cytoplasmic RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Itziar Pinilla-Macua
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elena Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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49
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Hypoxia-induced small extracellular vesicle proteins regulate proinflammatory cytokines and systemic blood pressure in pregnant rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:593-607. [PMID: 32129439 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) are known to regulate uterine spiral artery remodeling during early pregnancy. The bioactivity and release of these sEVs differ under differing oxygen tensions and in aberrant pregnancy conditions. Whether the placental cell-derived sEVs released from the hypoxic placenta contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is not known. We hypothesize that, in response to low oxygen tension, the EVT packages a specific set of proteins in sEVs and that these released sEVs interact with endothelial cells to induce inflammation and increase maternal systemic blood pressure. Using a quantitative MS/MS approach, we identified 507 differentially abundant proteins within sEVs isolated from HTR-8/SVneo cells (a commonly used EVT model) cultured at 1% (hypoxia) compared with 8% (normoxia) oxygen. Among these differentially abundant proteins, 206 were up-regulated and 301 were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and they were mainly implicated in inflammation-related pathways. In vitro incubation of hypoxic sEVs with endothelial cells, significantly increased (P < 0.05) the release of GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF, when compared with control (i.e. cells without sEVs) and normoxic sEVs. In vivo injection of hypoxic sEVs into pregnant rats significantly increased (P < 0.05) mean arterial pressure with increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. We propose that oxygen tension regulates the release and bioactivity of sEVs from EVT and that these sEVs regulate inflammation and maternal systemic blood pressure. This novel oxygen-responsive, sEVs signaling pathway, therefore, may contribute to the physiopathology of preeclampsia.
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50
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Nair S, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles as critical mediators of maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy and their potential role in maternal metabolism. Placenta 2020; 98:60-68. [PMID: 33039033 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders by transferring biologically active molecules such as miRNAs and proteins to recipient cells, and influencing their metabolic pathways. Pregnancy is one of the greatest metabolic challenges faced by both the mother and the growing fetus, and this is fine-tuned by several factors, including hormones, soluble molecules, and molecules encapsulated in EVs released from the placenta. A wide range of EVs originating from the placenta are present in maternal circulation, and changes in their circulating levels and bioactivity (i.e., capacity to induce changes in the target cells) have been associated with several complications of pregnancies, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction. Complications of pregnancies are associated with maternal metabolic dysfunction with short- and long-term consequences for both mother and child. However, the potential roles of circulating EVs originating from the placenta and other tissues (e.g. adipose tissue), on changes in maternal metabolism during normal and pregnancy complications have not been fully described. The aim of this brief review, thus, is to discuss the diversity of EVs, and their potential roles in the metabolic alterations during pregnancy, with a special focus on GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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