1
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Baze A, Wiss L, Horbal L, Biemel K, Asselin L, Richert L. Comparison of in vitro thyroxine (T4) metabolism between Wistar rat and human hepatocyte cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 96:105763. [PMID: 38142784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In vitro assays remain relatively new in exploring human relevance of liver, in particular nuclear receptor-mediated perturbations of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis seen in rodents, mainly in the rat. Consistent with in vivo data, we confirm that thyroid hormone thyroxine metabolism was 9 times higher in primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) than in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) cultured in a 2D sandwich (2Dsw) configuration. In addition, thyroxine glucuronide (T4-G) was by far the major metabolite formed in both species (99.1% in PRH and 69.7% in PHH) followed by thyroxine sulfate (T4-S, 0.7% in PRH and 18.1% in PHH) and triiodothyronine/reverse triiodothyronine (T3/rT3, 0.2% in PRH and 12.2% in PHH). After a 7-day daily exposure to orphan receptor-mediated liver inducers, T4 metabolism was strongly increased in PRH, almost exclusively through increased T4-G formation. These results were consistent with the inductions of glucuronosyltransferase Ugt2b1 and canalicular transporter Mrp2. PHH also responded to activation of the three nuclear receptors, with mainly induction of glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A1 and canalicular transporter MRP2. Despite this, T4 disappearance rate and secreted T4 metabolites were only slightly increased in PHH. Overall, our data highlight that cryopreserved hepatocytes in 2Dsw culture allowing long-term exposure and species comparison are of major interest in improving liver-mediated human safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Baze
- KaLy-Cell SAS, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France
| | - Lucille Wiss
- KaLy-Cell SAS, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France
| | - Liliia Horbal
- Pharmacelsus GmbH, Science Park 2, 66123 Saarbrüken, Germany
| | - Klaus Biemel
- Pharmacelsus GmbH, Science Park 2, 66123 Saarbrüken, Germany
| | - Laure Asselin
- KaLy-Cell SAS, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France
| | - Lysiane Richert
- KaLy-Cell SAS, 20A rue du Général Leclerc, 67115 Plobsheim, France; Zylan SAS, 8 rue de la Haute Corniche, 67210 Obernai, France.
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2
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Wu X, Quan M, Hadisurya M, Hu J, Liu YK, Zhuang Y, Li L, Iliuk AB, Yang JJ, Kuang S, Tao WA. Monitoring drug metabolic pathways through extracellular vesicles in mouse plasma. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae023. [PMID: 38312223 PMCID: PMC10833468 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The ability to monitor the response of metabolic enzymes to drug exposure in individuals is highly appealing and critical to personalized medicine. Although pharmacogenomics assesses genotypic differences, it does not report changes in metabolic enzyme activities due to environmental factors such as drug interactions. Here, we report a quantitative proteomics strategy to monitor drug metabolic pathways by profiling metabolic enzymes in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) upon drug exposure. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based measurement revealed that changes in metabolic enzyme abundance in EVs paralleled those in hepatic cells isolated from liver tissue. Coupling with multiplexed isotopic labeling, we temporally quantified 34 proteins involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) pathways. Out of 44 known ADME proteins in plasma EVs, previously annotated mouse cytochrome P450 3A11 (Cyp3a11), homolog to human CYP3A4, and uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP) glucuronosyltransferase 2A3 (Ugt2a3), increased upon daily rifampicin dosage. Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat leukemia, also elevated Cyp3a11 levels in plasma EVs, but to a lesser extent. Altogether, this study demonstrates that measuring drug enzymes in circulating EVs as an effective surrogate is highly feasible and may transform today's drug discovery and development for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Menchus Quan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Marco Hadisurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yi-Kai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Li Li
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Anton B Iliuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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3
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Li T, Yang C, Cao H, Mo S, Li B, Huang Z, Zhang R, Wu J, Zhang K, Gao Y. The Effect of Bergenin on Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide and Rifampicin-Induced Liver Injury Revealed by RNA Sequencing. Molecules 2023; 28:5496. [PMID: 37513369 PMCID: PMC10386747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bergenin (BER), a natural component of polyphenols, has a variety of pharmacological activities, especially in improving drug metabolism, reducing cholestasis, anti-oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BER on liver injury induced by isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) in mice. The mice model of liver injury was established with INH (100 mg/kg)+RIF (100 mg/kg), and then different doses of BER were used to intervene. The pathological morphology and biochemical indicators of mice were detected. Meanwhile, RNA sequencing was performed to screen the differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways. Finally, critical differentially expressed genes were verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. RNA sequencing results showed that 707 genes were significantly changed in the INH+RIF group compared with the Control group, and 496 genes were significantly changed after the BER intervention. These differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the drug metabolism, bile acid metabolism, Nrf2 pathway and TLR4 pathway. The validation results of qRT-PCR and Western blot were consistent with the RNA sequencing. Therefore, BER alleviated INH+RIF-induced liver injury in mice. The mechanism of BER improving INH+RIF-induced liver injury was related to regulating drug metabolism enzymes, bile acid metabolism, Nrf2 pathway and TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Chaoyue Yang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Siyi Mo
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Bo Li
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ruobing Zhang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jianzhao Wu
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
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4
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Miners JO, Polasek TM, Hulin JA, Rowland A, Meech R. Drug-drug interactions that alter the exposure of glucuronidated drugs: Scope, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme selectivity, mechanisms (inhibition and induction), and clinical significance. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108459. [PMID: 37263383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) arising from the perturbation of drug metabolising enzyme activities represent both a clinical problem and a potential economic loss for the pharmaceutical industry. DDIs involving glucuronidated drugs have historically attracted little attention and there is a perception that interactions are of minor clinical relevance. This review critically examines the scope and aetiology of DDIs that result in altered exposure of glucuronidated drugs. Interaction mechanisms, namely inhibition and induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and the potential interplay with drug transporters, are reviewed in detail, as is the clinical significance of known DDIs. Altered victim drug exposure arising from modulation of UGT enzyme activities is relatively common and, notably, the incidence and importance of UGT induction as a DDI mechanism is greater than generally believed. Numerous DDIs are clinically relevant, resulting in either loss of efficacy or an increased risk of adverse effects, necessitating dose individualisation. Several generalisations relating to the likelihood of DDIs can be drawn from the known substrate and inhibitor selectivities of UGT enzymes, highlighting the importance of comprehensive reaction phenotyping studies at an early stage of drug development. Further, rigorous assessment of the DDI liability of new chemical entities that undergo glucuronidation to a significant extent has been recommended recently by regulatory guidance. Although evidence-based approaches exist for the in vitro characterisation of UGT enzyme inhibition and induction, the availability of drugs considered appropriate for use as 'probe' substrates in clinical DDI studies is limited and this should be research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Miners
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Polasek
- Certara, Princeton, NJ, USA; Centre for Medicines Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie-Ann Hulin
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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5
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Tolonen H, Ranta S, Hämäläinen E, Kauppinen R, Hukkanen J. Effects of rifampicin on porphyrin metabolism in healthy volunteers. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 132:281-291. [PMID: 36535687 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is known to stimulate haem synthesis, but detailed knowledge on the effects of PXR activation on porphyrin metabolism in humans is lacking. We utilized a randomized, crossover, open (blinded laboratory) and placebo-controlled trial with 600-mg rifampicin or placebo dosed for a week to investigate the effects of PXR activation on erythrocyte, plasma, faecal and urine porphyrins. Sixteen healthy volunteers participated on the trial, but the number of volunteers for blood and urine porphyrin analyses was 15 while the number of samples for faecal analyses was 14. Rifampicin increased urine pentaporphyrin concentration 3.7-fold (mean 1.80 ± 0.6 vs. 6.73 ± 4.4 nmol/L, p = 0.003) in comparison with placebo. Urine coproporphyrin I increased 23% (p = 0.036). Faecal protoporphyrin IX decreased (mean 31.6 ± 23.5 vs. 19.2 ± 27.8 nmol/g, p = 0.023). The number of blood erythrocytes was slightly elevated, and plasma bilirubin, catabolic metabolite of haem, was decreased. In conclusion, rifampicin dosing elevated the excretion of certain urinary porphyrin metabolites and decreased faecal protoporphyrin IX excretion. As urine pentaporphyrin and coproporphyrin I are not precursors in haem biosynthesis, increased excretion may serve as a hepatoprotective shunt when haem synthesis or porphyrin levels are increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tolonen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Ranta
- Clinical Chemistry, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raili Kauppinen
- Clinical Chemistry, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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6
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Zhang L, Meng X, Dong P, Qi T, Liu L, Wang B. Effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz plasma concentration in Chinese patients living with HIV and tuberculosis. Int J STD AIDS 2023; 34:37-47. [PMID: 36356965 DOI: 10.1177/09564624221134137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading opportunistic infection of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) are involved in the metabolism and transportation of efavirenz. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of rifampicin, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on efavirenz exposure in Chinese PLWH co-infected with TB. METHOD PLWH were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into HIV group and HIV/TB group. Efavirenz plasma concentration (C0) was determined, dose-adjusted concentration (C0/D) was calculated, and genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T, 785A>G, and ABCB1 2677G>T, 3435C>T were analyzed. RESULTS 252 PLWH were enrolled, including 75 co-infected with TB and concomitant with rifampicin. Efavirenz C0 and C0/D were both higher in HIV group (1.94 μg/mL, 0.2007 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) compared with HIV/TB group (1.52 μg/mL, 0.1557 (μg/ml)/(mg/kg/d)) (p = .001). Efavirenz C0/D was significantly higher in patients with variant genotypes of CYP2B6 516G>T and 785A>G (p<.001), and was significantly lower in HIV/TB group compared with HIV group among patients with CYP2B6 516 GG, TT, and 785 AA, AG genotypes (p < .05). CONCLUSION Efavirenz exposure is reduced by co-administration with rifampicin, and related to genetic polymorphisms of CYP2B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, 159397Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, 34748Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmin Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, 34748Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, 34748Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangkai Qi
- Department of Infectious Disease, 34748Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, 34748Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 159397Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhou S, Shu Y. Transcriptional Regulation of Solute Carrier (SLC) Drug Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:DMD-MR-2021-000704. [PMID: 35644529 PMCID: PMC9488976 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Facilitated transport is necessitated for large size, charged, and/or hydrophilic drugs to move across the membrane. The drug transporters in the solute carrier (SLC) superfamily, mainly including organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporters (OCTs), organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTNs), peptide transporters (PEPTs), and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), are critical facilitators of drug transport and distribution in human body. The expression of these SLC drug transporters is found in tissues throughout the body, with high abundance in the epithelial cells of major organs for drug disposition, such as intestine, liver, and kidney. These SLC drug transporters are clinically important in drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion. The mechanisms underlying their regulation have been revealing in recent years. Epigenetic and nuclear receptor-mediated transcriptional regulation of SLC drug transporters have particularly attracted much attention. This review focuses on the transcriptional regulation of major SLC drug transporter genes. Revealing the mechanisms underlying the transcription of those critical drug transporters will help us understand pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, ultimately improving drug therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing drug toxicity. Significance Statement It has become increasingly recognized that solute carrier (SLC) drug transporters play a crucial, and sometimes determinative, role in drug disposition and response, which is reflected in decision-making during not only clinical drug therapy but also drug development. Understanding the mechanisms accounting for the transcription of these transporters is critical to interpret their abundance in various tissues under different conditions, which is necessary to clarify the pharmacological response, adverse effects, and drug-drug interactions for clinically used drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, United States
| | - Yan Shu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, United States
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8
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Classification of drugs for evaluating drug interaction in drug development and clinical management. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 41:100414. [PMID: 34666290 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During new drug development, clinical drug interaction studies are carried out in accordance with the mechanism of potential drug interactions evaluated by in vitro studies. The obtained information should be provided efficiently to medical experts through package inserts and various information materials after the drug's launch. A recently updated Japanese guideline presents general procedures that are considered scientifically valid at the present moment. In this review, we aim to highlight the viewpoints of the Japanese guideline and enumerate drugs that were involved or are anticipated to be involved in evident pharmacokinetic drug interactions and classify them by their clearance pathway and potential intensity based on systematic reviews of the literature. The classification would be informative for designing clinical studies during the development stage, and the appropriate management of drug interactions in clinical practice.
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9
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Barbier RH, McCrea EM, Lee KY, Strope JD, Risdon EN, Price DK, Chau CH, Figg WD. Abiraterone induces SLCO1B3 expression in prostate cancer via microRNA-579-3p. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10765. [PMID: 34031488 PMCID: PMC8144422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of resistance to abiraterone, one of the primary drugs approved for the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer, remains a priority. The organic anion polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3, encoded by SLCO1B3) transporter has been shown to transport androgens into prostate cancer cells. In this study we observed and investigated the mechanism of induction of SLCO1B3 by abiraterone. Prostate cancer cells (22Rv1, LNCaP, and VCAP) were treated with anti-androgens and assessed for SLCO1B3 expression by qPCR analysis. Abiraterone treatment increased SLCO1B3 expression in 22Rv1 cells in vitro and in the 22Rv1 xenograft model in vivo. MicroRNA profiling of abiraterone-treated 22Rv1 cells was performed using a NanoString nCounter miRNA panel followed by miRNA target prediction. TargetScan and miRanda prediction tools identified hsa-miR-579-3p as binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the SLCO1B3. Using dual luciferase reporter assays, we verified that hsa-miR-579-3p indeed binds to the SLCO1B3 3'UTR and significantly inhibited SLCO1B3 reporter activity. Treatment with abiraterone significantly downregulated hsa-miR-579-3p, indicating its potential role in upregulating SLCO1B3 expression. In this study, we demonstrated a novel miRNA-mediated mechanism of abiraterone-induced SLCO1B3 expression, a transporter that is also responsible for driving androgen deprivation therapy resistance. Understanding mechanisms of abiraterone resistance mediated via differential miRNA expression will assist in the identification of potential miRNA biomarkers of treatment resistance and the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto H Barbier
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Edel M McCrea
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristi Y Lee
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jonathan D Strope
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily N Risdon
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas K Price
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cindy H Chau
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 5A03, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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10
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Niu C, Smith B, Lai Y. Transporter Gene Regulation in Sandwich Cultured Human Hepatocytes Through the Activation of Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) or Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:620197. [PMID: 33551819 PMCID: PMC7859440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.620197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction potentials of ligand-activated nuclear receptors on metabolizing enzyme genes are routinely tested for new chemical entities. However, regulations of drug transporter genes by the nuclear receptor ligands are underappreciated, especially in differentiated human hepatocyte cultures. In this study, gene induction by the ligands of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was characterized in sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) from multiple donors. The cells were treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), omeprazole (OP), 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO) and phenobarbital (PB) for three days. RNA samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR method. As expected, CITCO, the direct activator, and PB, the indirect activator of CAR, induced CYP3A4 (31 and 40-fold), CYP2B6 (24 and 28-fold) and UGT1A1 (2.9 and 4.2-fold), respectively. Conversely, TCDD and OP, the activators of AhR, induced CYP1A1 (38 and 37-fold), and UGT1A1 (4.3 and 5.0-fold), respectively. In addition, OP but not TCDD induced CY3A4 by about 61-fold. Twenty-four hepatic drug transporter genes were characterized, and of those, SLC51B was induced the most by PB and OP by about 3.3 and 6.5 fold, respectively. Marginal inductions (about 2-fold) of SLC47A1 and SLCO4C1 genes by PB, and ABCG2 gene by TCDD were observed. In contrast, SLC10A1 gene was suppressed about 2-fold by TCDD and CITCO. While clinical relevance of SLC51B gene induction or SLC10A1 gene suppression warrants further investigation, the results verified that the assessment of transporter gene inductions are not required for new drug entities, when a drug does not remarkably induce metabolizing enzyme genes by CAR and AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrong Niu
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, United States
| | - Bill Smith
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, United States
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, United States
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11
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Otsuka Y, Choules MP, Bonate PL, Komatsu K. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for the Prediction of a Drug-Drug Interaction of Combined Effects on P-glycoprotein and Cytochrome P450 3A. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 9:659-669. [PMID: 33030266 PMCID: PMC7679072 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants, such as apixaban and rivaroxaban, are important for the treatment and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism and to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Because apixaban and rivaroxaban are predominantly eliminated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), concomitant use of combined P‐gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers should be avoided. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models for apixaban and rivaroxaban were developed to estimate the net effect of CYP3A induction, P‐gp inhibition, and P‐gp induction by rifampicin. The disposition of rivaroxaban is more complex compared with apixaban because both hepatic and renal P‐gp is considered to contribute to rivaroxaban elimination. Furthermore, organic anion transporter‐3, a renal uptake transporter, may also contribute the elimination of rivaroxaban from systemic circulation. The models were verified with observed clinical drug–drug interactions with CYP3A and P‐gp inhibitors. With the developed models, the predicted area under the concentration time curve and maximum concentration ratios were 0.43 and 0.48, respectively, for apixaban, and 0.50–0.52 and 0.72–0.73, respectively, for rivaroxaban when coadministered with 600 mg multiple doses of rifampicin and that were very close to observed data. The impact of each of the elimination pathways was assessed for rivaroxaban, and inhibition of CYP3A led to a larger impact over intestinal and hepatic P‐gp. Inhibition of renal organic anion transporter‐3 or P‐gp led to an overall modest interaction. The developed apixaban and rivaroxaban models can be further applied to the investigation of interactions with other P‐gp and/or CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Otsuka
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mary P Choules
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter L Bonate
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc., Northbrook, Illinois, USA
| | - Kanji Komatsu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Development, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Smutny T, Hyrsova L, Braeuning A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Pavek P. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the pregnane X receptor: a rationale for interindividual variability in drug metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:11-25. [PMID: 33164107 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, encoded by the NR1I2 gene) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor originally described as a master regulator of xenobiotic detoxification. Later, however, PXR was also shown to interact with endogenous metabolism and to be further associated with various pathological states. This review focuses predominantly on such aspects, currently less covered in literature, as the control of PXR expression per se in the context of inter-individual differences in drug metabolism. There is growing evidence that non-coding RNAs post-transcriptionally regulate PXR. Effects on PXR have especially been reported for microRNAs (miRNAs), which include miR-148a, miR-18a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-30c-1-3p and miR-877-5p. Likewise, miRNAs control the expression of both transcription factors involved in PXR expression and regulators of PXR function. The impact of NR1I2 genetic polymorphisms on miRNA-mediated PXR regulation is also discussed. As revealed recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to interfere with PXR expression. Reciprocally, PXR activation regulates non-coding RNA expression, thus comprising another level of PXR action in addition to the direct transactivation of protein-coding genes. PXR expression is further controlled by several transcription factors (cross-regulation) giving rise to different PXR transcript variants. Controversies remain regarding the suggested role of feedback regulation (auto-regulation) of PXR expression. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the miRNA-mediated, lncRNA-mediated and transcriptional regulation of PXR expression, and we propose that deciphering the precise mechanisms of PXR expression may bridge our knowledge gap in inter-individual differences in drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna vägen 9, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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13
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Cerrone M, Alfarisi O, Neary M, Marzinke MA, Parsons TL, Owen A, Maartens G, Pozniak A, Flexner C, Boffito M. Rifampicin effect on intracellular and plasma pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:1670-1678. [PMID: 30815689 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tenofovir alafenamide produces lower plasma tenofovir and higher intracellular tenofovir diphosphate (DP) concentrations than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate but it is likely a victim of interactions with rifampicin. We aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine with rifampicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Healthy volunteers received tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine at 25/200 mg once daily, followed by tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine + rifampicin daily followed by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Plasma tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir, emtricitabine and intracellular tenofovir-DP and emtricitabine triphosphate pharmacokinetics and genetic polymorphisms were assessed. RESULTS Tenofovir alafenamide exposure decreased when tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine + rifampicin was used compared with tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine [geometric mean ratio (GMR) (90% CI): 0.45 (0.33-0.60)]. Plasma tenofovir and intracellular tenofovir-DP concentrations decreased with rifampicin [GMR (90% CI): 0.46 (0.40-0.52) and 0.64 (0.54-0.75), respectively]. GMR (90% CI) of intracellular tenofovir-DP AUC0-24 for tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine + rifampicin versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was 4.21 (2.98-5.95). Rifampicin did not affect emtricitabine pharmacokinetics. CYP3A4*22 rs35599367 was associated with higher plasma tenofovir alafenamide AUC0-24 at day 56. CONCLUSIONS Following tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine administration with rifampicin, intracellular tenofovir-DP concentrations were still 4.21-fold higher than those achieved by tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, supporting further study during HIV/TB co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Cerrone
- St Stephen's AIDS Trust, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Megan Neary
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Owen
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anton Pozniak
- St Stephen's AIDS Trust, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Boffito
- St Stephen's AIDS Trust, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Yang J, Peng T, Huang J, Zhang G, Xia J, Ma M, Deng D, Gong D, Zeng Z. Effects of medium- and long-chain fatty acids on acetaminophen- or rifampicin-induced hepatocellular injury. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3590-3601. [PMID: 32724621 PMCID: PMC7382196 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the common adverse effects of drug therapy, which is closely associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation response. Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) were reported to relieve inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress. However, little has been known about the hepatoprotective effects of MCFA in DILI. In the present study, acetaminophen (AP) and rifampicin (RFP) were used to establish DILI models in LO2 cells, and the cytoprotective effects of MCFA on hepatocellular injury were investigated. Results showed that the optimal condition for the DILI model was treatment with 10 mM AP or 600 µM RFP for 24 hr. LCFA treatment markedly reduced the cell viability and increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, LCFA treatment aggravated cell apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) were significantly elevated by LCFA. In contrast, MCFA treatment did not significantly affect cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative, stress and inflammation, and it did not produce the detrimental effects on DILI models. Therefore, we proposed that MCFA may be more safe and suitable than LCFA as nutrition support or the selection of daily dietary oil and fat for the patients with DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- College of Food and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Ting Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- College of Food and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jiyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- College of Food and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Jiaheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Maomao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- College of Food and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Danwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Department of BiomedicineNew Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine ResearchAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Zheling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Plant ResourcesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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15
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Elmeliegy M, Vourvahis M, Guo C, Wang DD. Effect of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Inducers on Exposure of P-gp Substrates: Review of Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction Studies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 59:699-714. [PMID: 32052379 PMCID: PMC7292822 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for investigational agents is important during drug development to assess DDI liability, its clinical relevance, and to determine appropriate DDI management strategies. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter that influences the pharmacokinetics (PK) of various compounds. Assessing transporter induction in vitro is challenging and is not always predictive of in vivo effects, and hence there is a need to consider clinical DDI studies; however, there is no clear guidance on when clinical evaluation of transporter induction is required. Furthermore, there is no proposed list of index transporter inducers to be used in clinical studies. This review evaluated DDI studies with known P-gp inducers to better understand the mechanism and site of P-gp induction, as well as the magnitude of induction effect on the exposure of P-gp substrates. Our review indicates that P-gp and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are co-regulated via the pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). The magnitude of the decrease in substrate drug exposure by P-gp induction is generally less than that of CYP3A. Most P-gp inducers reduced total bioavailability with a minor impact on renal clearance, despite known expression of P-gp at the apical membrane of the kidney proximal tubules. Rifampin is the most potent P-gp inducer, resulting in an average reduction in substrate exposure ranging between 20 and 67%. For other inducers, the reduction in P-gp substrate exposure ranged from 12 to 42%. A lower reduction in exposure of the P-gp substrate was observed with a lower dose of the inducer and/or if the administration of the inducer and substrate was simultaneous, i.e. not staggered. These findings suggest that clinical evaluation of the impact of P-gp inducers on the PK of investigational agents that are substrates for P-gp might be warranted only for compounds with a relatively steep exposure-efficacy relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elmeliegy
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Manoli Vourvahis
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Cen Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Diane D Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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16
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Niu C, Wang Y, Zhao X, Tep S, Murakami E, Subramanian R, Smith B, Lai Y. Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Genes Are Not Induced by the Pregnane X Receptor Activator Rifampin: Studies in Hepatocytes In Vitro and in Monkeys In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1433-1442. [PMID: 31582395 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.088922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction potentials of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) activator rifampin (RIF) on transporter genes [e.g., organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs)] are still in its infancy or remain controversial in the field. The present investigations characterized changes in transporter gene expression by RIF in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes from multiple donors of human and cynomolgus monkey using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Three-day treatment of RIF significantly induced CYP3A4 (∼60-fold induction), but not CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 genes. SLC51B was the most highly induced uptake transporter gene (>10-fold) in both human and monkey hepatocytes. A greater induction of CYP2C9 was observed in monkey hepatocytes than that in humans. ATP-binding cassette (ABC)B1 and ABCC2 were induced slightly above 2-fold in human and monkey hepatocytes and appeared to be dose-dependent. The induction of OATP and other transporter genes was generally less than 2-fold and considered not clinically relevant. SLCO2B1 was not detectable in monkey hepatocytes. To investigate in vivo OATP induction, RIF (18 mg/kg per day) was orally dosed to cynomolgus monkeys for 7 days. Pitavastatin and antipyrine were intravenously dosed before and after RIF treatment as exogenous probes of OATP and CYP activities, respectively. Plasma coproporphyrin-I (CP-I) and coproporphyrin-III (CP-III) were measured as OATP endogenous biomarkers. Although a significant increase of antipyrine clearance (CL) was observed after RIF treatment, the plasma exposures of pitavastatin, CP-I, and CP-III remained unchanged, suggesting that OATP function was not significantly altered. The results suggested that OATP transporters were not significantly induced by PXR ligand RIF. The data are consistent with current regulatory guidances that the in vitro characterization of transporter induction during drug development is not required. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) genes were not induced by rifampin in sandwich-cultured human and monkey hepatocytes OATP functions measured by OATP probe pitavastatin and endogenous marker coproporphyrins were not altered in monkeys in vivo by 7-day rifampin treatment. The data suggested that OATP transporters are unlikely induced by the pregnane X receptor ligand rifampin, which are consistent with current regulatory guidances that the in vitro characterization of OATP1B induction during drug development is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrong Niu
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Yujin Wang
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Sam Tep
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | | | | | - Bill Smith
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California
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17
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Swart M, Dandara C. MicroRNA Mediated Changes in Drug Metabolism and Target Gene Expression by Efavirenz and Rifampicin In Vitro: Clinical Implications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:496-507. [PMID: 31526233 PMCID: PMC6806364 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) and rifampicin (RMP) are widely prescribed in Africa for treatment of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis epidemics. Exposure to medicines can alter drug metabolism, for example, through changes in expression of microRNAs. We report, in this study, novel observations on the ways in which EFV and RMP change microRNA expression signatures in vitro in HepaRG cells. Additionally, we discuss the clinical implications of changes in expression of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes, such as CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, CYP2B6, and NR1I3. Differentiated HepaRG cells were treated with EFV (6.4 μM) or RMP (24.4 μM) for 24 h. Treatment of HepaRG cells with EFV resulted in a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for CYP3A4 (12.51-fold, p = 0.002), CYP3A5 (2.10-fold, p = 0.019), and UGT1A1 (2.52-fold, p = 0.005), whereas NR1I3 expression decreased (0.41-fold, p = 0.02). On the other hand, treatment of HepaRG cells with RMP resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression for CYP2B6 (6.68-fold, p = 0.007) and CYP3A4 (111.96-fold, p = 0.001), whereas NR1I3 expression decreased (0.46-fold, p = 0.033). These data point to several important clinical implications through changes in drug/drug interaction risks and achieving optimal therapeutics. All in all, this study shows that differential expression of microRNAs after treatment with EFV and RMP adds another layer of complexity that should be incorporated in pharmacogenomic algorithms to render drug response more predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Swart
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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18
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Cheung KWK, van Groen BD, Spaans E, van Borselen MD, de Bruijn AC, Simons‐Oosterhuis Y, Tibboel D, Samsom JN, Verdijk RM, Smeets B, Zhang L, Huang S, Giacomini KM, de Wildt SN. A Comprehensive Analysis of Ontogeny of Renal Drug Transporters: mRNA Analyses, Quantitative Proteomics, and Localization. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:1083-1092. [PMID: 31127606 PMCID: PMC6777991 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human renal membrane transporters play key roles in the disposition of renally cleared drugs and endogenous substrates, but their ontogeny is largely unknown. Using 184 human postmortem frozen renal cortical tissues (preterm newborns to adults) and a subset of 62 tissue samples, we measured the mRNA levels of 11 renal transporters and the transcription factor pregnane X receptor (PXR) with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and protein abundance of nine transporters using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry selective reaction monitoring, respectively. Expression levels of p‐glycoprotein, urate transporter 1, organic anion transporter 1, organic anion transporter 3, and organic cation transporter 2 increased with age. Protein levels of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 2‐K and breast cancer resistance protein showed no difference from newborns to adults, despite age‐related changes in mRNA expression. Multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1, glucose transporter 2, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2, multidrug resistance‐associated protein 4 (MRP4), and PXR expression levels were stable. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that MRP4 localization in pediatric samples was similar to that in adult samples. Collectively, our study revealed that renal drug transporters exhibited different rates and patterns of maturation, suggesting that renal handling of substrates may change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Wun Kathy Cheung
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Office of Clinical PharmacologyOffice of Translational SciencesCenter for Drug Evaluation & ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE Fellow)Oak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Bianca D. van Groen
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Edwin Spaans
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- CDTS Consulting BV & SDD Consulting BVEtten‐LeurThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Janneke N. Samsom
- Department of PediatricsErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Smeets
- Department of PathologyRadboudumcNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and StandardsOffice of Generic DrugsCenter for Drug Evaluation & ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Shiew‐Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical PharmacologyOffice of Translational SciencesCenter for Drug Evaluation & ResearchUS Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic SciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Saskia N. de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
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19
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Ghanem CI, Manautou JE. Modulation of Hepatic MRP3/ABCC3 by Xenobiotics and Pathophysiological Conditions: Role in Drug Pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1185-1223. [PMID: 29473496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180221142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver transporters play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and disposition of pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds. Among them, the family of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters is the most important due to its role in the transport of endo- and xenobiotics. The ABCC sub-family is the largest one, consisting of 13 members that include the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7); the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) and the multidrug resistanceassociated proteins (MRPs). The MRP-related proteins can collectively confer resistance to natural, synthetic drugs and their conjugated metabolites, including platinum-containing compounds, folate anti-metabolites, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs, among others. MRPs can be also catalogued into "long" (MRP1/ABCC1, -2/C2, -3/C3, -6/C6, and -7/C10) and "short" (MRP4/C4, -5/C5, -8/C11, -9/C12, and -10/C13) categories. While MRP2/ABCC2 is expressed in the canalicular pole of hepatocytes, all others are located in the basolateral membrane. In this review, we summarize information from studies examining the changes in expression and regulation of the basolateral hepatic transporter MPR3/ABCC3 by xenobiotics and during various pathophysiological conditions. We also focus, primarily, on the consequences of such changes in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or toxicity of different drugs of clinical use transported by MRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Catedra de Fisiopatologia. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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20
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Clerbaux LA, Paini A, Lumen A, Osman-Ponchet H, Worth AP, Fardel O. Membrane transporter data to support kinetically-informed chemical risk assessment using non-animal methods: Scientific and regulatory perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:659-671. [PMID: 30856453 PMCID: PMC6441651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Humans are continuously exposed to low levels of thousands of industrial chemicals, most of which are poorly characterised in terms of their potential toxicity. The new paradigm in chemical risk assessment (CRA) aims to rely on animal-free testing, with kinetics being a key determinant of toxicity when moving from traditional animal studies to integrated in vitro-in silico approaches. In a kinetically informed CRA, membrane transporters, which have been intensively studied during drug development, are an essential piece of information. However, how existing knowledge on transporters gained in the drug field can be applied to CRA is not yet fully understood. This review outlines the opportunities, challenges and existing tools for investigating chemical-transporter interactions in kinetically informed CRA without animal studies. Various environmental chemicals acting as substrates, inhibitors or modulators of transporter activity or expression have been shown to impact TK, just as drugs do. However, because pollutant concentrations are often lower in humans than drugs and because exposure levels and internal chemical doses are not usually known in contrast to drugs, new approaches are required to translate transporter data and reasoning from the drug sector to CRA. Here, the generation of in vitro chemical-transporter interaction data and the development of transporter databases and classification systems trained on chemical datasets (and not only drugs) are proposed. Furtheremore, improving the use of human biomonitoring data to evaluate the in vitro-in silico transporter-related predicted values and developing means to assess uncertainties could also lead to increase confidence of scientists and regulators in animal-free CRA. Finally, a systematic characterisation of the transportome (quantitative monitoring of transporter abundance, activity and maintenance over time) would reinforce confidence in the use of experimental transporter/barrier systems as well as in established cell-based toxicological assays currently used for CRA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Annie Lumen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Worth
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environment et travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Abstract
Tamoxifen is a prodrug, and most of the therapeutic effect in treating breast cancer stems from its metabolite, endoxifen. Since cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 is the most important enzyme in the production of endoxifen, drugs that inhibit CYP2D6 would be expected to reduce tamoxifen efficacy. In addition to drug–drug interactions (DDI) involving CYP2D6, there is growing evidence that enzyme inducers can substantially alter the disposition of endoxifen, reducing tamoxifen efficacy. Although the clinical evidence on the impact of CYP2D6 inhibitors on tamoxifen efficacy is mixed, there were serious flaws in many of the studies. Thus, there is a reasonable chance that CYP2D6 inhibitors do in fact inhibit tamoxifen efficacy. Tamoxifen has extraordinarily complex pharmacokinetics, with more than a dozen drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters involved in its disposition. Enzyme inducers may increase the activity of several of these pathways, including phase II enzymes, ABC transporters, and various CYP enzymes other than CYP2D6. Based on current clinical evidence, one could argue that enzyme inducers are potentially more dangerous than CYP2D6 inhibitors in patients taking tamoxifen. Moreover, early evidence suggests that the combination of CYP2D6 inhibitors plus enzyme inducers may produce catastrophic inhibition of tamoxifen efficacy. One could argue that, given the available evidence, an agnostic “wait and see” position on tamoxifen DDI is ethically untenable, and that many women with breast cancer are currently being subjected to an unnecessary risk of cancer recurrence. Specific recommendations to reduce the risk of adverse tamoxifen DDI are offered for consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Hansten
- Professor Emeritus, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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22
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Li J, Zhao J, Wang H, Li X, Liu A, Qin Q, Li B. MicroRNA-140-3p enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib by targeting pregnenolone X receptor. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5885-5894. [PMID: 30271172 PMCID: PMC6149869 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s179509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnane X receptor (PXR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor protein family (nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 [NR 1I2]), mediates the drug-resistance in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via enhancing the expression of drug-resistance-related genes which accelerate the clearance of antitumor drugs, eg, sorafenib. However, there are few reports on miRNA targeting PXR participating in the epigenetic regulation of PXR in HCC cells. Materials and methods TargetScan 7.2, an online method, was used to predict the miRNAs potentially targeting PXR. The expression of PXR and PXR downstream genes was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. The clearance of sorafenib in HCC cells was monitored by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer/mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). The effects of miRNA on sorafenib’s efficacy were examined by in vitro methods, eg, MTT, and in vivo methods, eg, subcutaneous or intrahepatic tumor model. Results By virtual screening, we identified that miR-140-3p possibly targets PXR and then confirmed that the overexpression of miR-140-3p via lentiviral particles inhibited the expression of PXR in HCC cells. The downregulation of PXR’s expression by miR-140-3p led to the reduction of PXR downstream genes’ expression, which finally resulted in the decelerating clearance of sorafenib in HCC cells and enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. The effect of miR-140-3p could not modulate the expression of mutated PXR and the effect of miR-140-3p could also be inhibited by miR-140-3p’s inhibitor. Moreover, miR-140-3p enhanced the anti-tumor effect of sorafenib in both the subcutaneous and intrahepatic HCC tumor models. Conclusion Our study suggests that targeting PXR by miR-140-3p is a promising strategy for enhancing sorafenib’s efficacy during HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Basic Medicine College, Navy Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, .,Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China,
| | - Huan Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China,
| | - Aixia Liu
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qin Qin
- Basic Medicine College, Navy Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Boan Li
- Basic Medicine College, Navy Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China, .,Center for Clinical Laboratory, The 302nd Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, People's Republic of China,
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23
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Han W, Wu Q, Zhang X, Duan Z. Innovation for hepatotoxicity in vitro research models: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:146-162. [PMID: 30182494 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many categories of drugs can induce hepatotoxicity, so improving the prediction of toxic drugs is important. In vitro models using human hepatocytes are more accurate than in vivo animal models. Good in vitro models require an abundance of metabolic enzyme activities and normal cellular polarity. However, none of the in vitro models can completely simulate hepatocytes in the human body. There are two ways to overcome this limitation: enhancing the metabolic function of hepatocytes and changing the cultural environment. In this review, we summarize the current state of research, including the main characteristics of in vitro models and their limitations, as well as improved technology and developmental prospects. We hope that this review provides some new ideas for hepatotoxicity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Han
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure; Artificial Liver Treatment and Research; Beijing China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure; Artificial Liver Treatment and Research; Beijing China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure; Artificial Liver Treatment and Research; Beijing China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Liver Failure; Artificial Liver Treatment and Research; Beijing China
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24
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Sultana H, Watanabe K, Rana MM, Takashima R, Ohashi A, Komai M, Shirakawa H. Effects of Vitamin K₂ on the Expression of Genes Involved in Bile Acid Synthesis and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice with Humanized PXR. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080982. [PMID: 30060524 PMCID: PMC6116188 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by various compounds, including prescribed drugs and dietary ingredients. Ligand-specific activation of PXR alters drug metabolism and affects many other physiological conditions. Species-specific ligand preference is a considerable challenge for studies of PXR function. To increase translational value of the results of mouse studies, humanized mouse model expressing human PXR (hPXR) has been developed. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), one of vitamin K₂ analogs prescribed in osteoporosis, is a PXR ligand. We hypothesized that MK-4 could modulate the physiological conditions endogenously influenced by PXR, including those that have not been yet properly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a single oral treatment with MK-4 on hepatic gene expression in wild-type and hPXR mice by using quantitative RT-PCR and DNA microarray. MK-4 administration altered mRNA levels of genes involved in drug metabolism (Abca3, Cyp2s1, Sult1b1), bile acid synthesis (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1), and energy homeostasis (Aldoc, Slc2a5). Similar mRNA changes of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 were observed in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells treated with MK-4. These results suggest that MK-4 may modulate bile acid synthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the effect of MK-4 in hPXR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Sultana
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Kimika Watanabe
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Md Masud Rana
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Rie Takashima
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Ai Ohashi
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Michio Komai
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
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25
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Gufford BT, Robarge JD, Eadon MT, Gao H, Lin H, Liu Y, Desta Z, Skaar TC. Rifampin modulation of xeno- and endobiotic conjugating enzyme mRNA expression and associated microRNAs in human hepatocytes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00386. [PMID: 29610665 PMCID: PMC5869567 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifampin is a pleiotropic inducer of multiple drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This work utilized a global approach to evaluate rifampin effects on conjugating enzyme gene expression with relevance to human xeno‐ and endo‐biotic metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes from 7 subjects were treated with rifampin (10 μmol/L, 24 hours). Standard methods for RNA‐seq library construction, EZBead preparation, and NextGen sequencing were used to measure UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase UGT, sulfonyltransferase SULT, N acetyltransferase NAT, and glutathione‐S‐transferase GST mRNA expression compared to vehicle control (0.01% MeOH). Rifampin‐induced (>1.25‐fold) mRNA expression of 13 clinically important phase II drug metabolizing genes and repressed (>1.25‐fold) the expression of 3 genes (P < .05). Rifampin‐induced miRNA expression changes correlated with mRNA changes and miRNAs were identified that may modulate conjugating enzyme expression. NAT2 gene expression was most strongly repressed (1.3‐fold) by rifampin while UGT1A4 and UGT1A1 genes were most strongly induced (7.9‐ and 4.8‐fold, respectively). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) was used to simulate the clinical consequences of rifampin induction of CYP3A4‐ and UGT1A4‐mediated midazolam metabolism. Simulations evaluating isolated UGT1A4 induction predicted increased midazolam N‐glucuronide exposure (~4‐fold) with minimal reductions in parent midazolam exposure (~10%). Simulations accounting for simultaneous induction of both CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 predicted a ~10‐fold decrease in parent midazolam exposure with only a ~2‐fold decrease in midazolam N‐glucuronide metabolite exposure. These data reveal differential effects of rifampin on the human conjugating enzyme transcriptome and potential associations with miRNAs that form the basis for future mechanistic studies to elucidate the interplay of conjugating enzyme regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Gufford
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Jason D Robarge
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
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26
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Zhang W, Xu J. Adaptive unfolded protein response promotes cell survival in rifampicin-treated L02 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2233-2242. [PMID: 29393386 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An important concept in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is adaptation, which means the injury reverses with the continuation of the drug. The mechanism of adaption of drugs remains enigmatic, adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) is possibly involved. We once observed adaptation phenomenon of rifampicin (RFP) in animal models, in this study, we investigate the effects of RFP on adaptive UPR in L02 cells, and after inhibiting UPR by using 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), the change of cell viability and cell apoptosis in RFP-treated cells. We found that with the concentration of RFP increased and the treatment time was prolonged, the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a hallmark of the UPR, was upregulated, and was dose- and time-dependent. RFP also activates the p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) protein expression. 4-PBA decreased GRP78 and p-eIF2α protein expression levels. Moreover, FCA showed that cell apoptosis rate obviously increased, and MTT assay showed that cell survival rate obviously decreased, this indicates that after inhibiting the UPR, the cell damage increased, which shows that the UPR is an adaptation mechanism to protect cells against injury induced by RFP. This also proves that when the degree of UPR induced by RFP is relatively mild, adaptive UPR is helpful for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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27
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Bhagyaraj E, Tiwari D, Ahuja N, Nanduri R, Saini A, Kalra R, Kumar S, Janmeja AK, Gupta P. A human xenobiotic nuclear receptor contributes to nonresponsiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the antituberculosis drug rifampicin. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3747-3757. [PMID: 29358328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). It acquires phenotypic drug resistance inside macrophages, and this resistance mainly arises from host-induced stress. However, whether cellular drug-efflux mechanisms in macrophages contribute to nonresponsiveness of M. tuberculosis to anti-TB drugs is unclear. Here, we report that xenobiotic nuclear receptors mediate TB drug nonresponsiveness by modulating drug-efflux transporters in macrophages. This was evident from expression analysis of drug-efflux transporters in macrophages isolated from TB patients. Among patients harboring rifampicin-susceptible M. tuberculosis, we observed increased intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis upon rifampicin treatment of macrophages isolated from patients not responding to anti-TB drugs compared with macrophages from patients who did respond. Of note, M. tuberculosis infection and rifampicin exposure synergistically modulated macrophage drug-efflux transporters in vitro We also found that the xenobiotic nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR) modulates macrophage drug-efflux transporter expression and activity, which compromised the anti-TB efficacy of rifampicin. We further validated this finding in a TB mouse model in which use of the PXR antagonist ketoconazole rescued rifampicin anti-TB activity. We conclude that PXR activation in macrophages compromises the efficacy of the anti-TB drug rifampicin. Alternative therapeutic strategies, such as use of the rifampicin derivatives rifapentine and rifabutin, which do not activate PXR, or of a PXR antagonist, may be effective for tackling drug nonresponsiveness of M. tuberculosis that arises from drug-efflux systems of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Bhagyaraj
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Nancy Ahuja
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Ravikanth Nanduri
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Ankita Saini
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Rashi Kalra
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | - Sumit Kumar
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
| | | | - Pawan Gupta
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39 A, Chandigarh 160036 and
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28
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Awortwe C, Kaehler M, Rosenkranz B, Cascorbi I, Bruckmueller H. MicroRNA-655-3p regulates Echinacea purpurea mediated activation of ABCG2. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1050-1058. [PMID: 28990842 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1390624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of Echinacea purpurea (EP) on efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 and to identify specific microRNAs contributing to their post-transcriptional regulation. 2. ABCB1 and ABCG2 levels were assessed in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells treated with 50 µg/mL methanolic extract of commercial EP capsules for different durations. The microRNA expression profile of HepG2 cells after EP treatment was evaluated and in silico target prediction was subsequently conducted to identify specific microRNAs with binding sites in the 3'-UTR of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Luciferase reporter gene assays and site-directed mutagenesis were used to confirm the binding site of identified microRNA within the 3'-UTR of the target gene. 3. EP increased ABCB1 (10-fold ± 3.4, p < 0.001) and ABCG2 (2.7-fold ± 0.5, p < 0.01) mRNA levels after 12 h exposure. Twenty-four microRNAs showed significant expression differences at all durations of exposure to EP. MiR-655-3p showed a 6.79-fold decrease in expression after 12 h exposure compared to 0 h, was predicted in silico to bind ABCG2 3'-UTR and showed a significant negative correlation (p = 0.01) to ABCG2 expression level. The binding of miR-655-3p to ABCG2 3'-UTR was confirmed by reporter gene assays (reduction of reporter gene activity to 60%; p = 0.0001). 4. These results suggest that EP regulates ABCG2 expression via downregulation of miR-655-3p in the liver cells. Thus, miR-655-3p downregulation could be applied to predict EP mediated drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Awortwe
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch , Tygerberg , South Africa.,b Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany , and.,c Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Meike Kaehler
- b Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany , and
| | - Bernd Rosenkranz
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch , Tygerberg , South Africa
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- b Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany , and
| | - Henrike Bruckmueller
- b Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Kiel , Germany , and
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29
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Yang X, Ren W, Shao Y, Chen Y. MiR-466b-1-3p regulates P-glycoprotein expression in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2017; 645:60-66. [PMID: 28235604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and approximately one-third of epilepsy cases are resistant to treatment with anti-epileptic drug (AED). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a multi-drug transporter that is thought to play a pivotal role in multiple drug resistance (MDR) in epilepsy. The regulatory mechanism of P-gp remains largely unknown; however, recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may regulate the chemo-resistance mediated by P-gp. This study investigated the effect of specific miRNAs that regulate P-gp expression in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (RCMECs). Primary cultures of RCMECs were treated with phenobarbital (PB) at various concentrations to induce P-gp overexpression. MiRNA microarrays were used to investigate the expression profiles of miRNAs in the resistant RCMECs induced by PB and corresponding non-resistant cells. Our data demonstrated decreased miR-466b-1-3p expression in the resistant cells compared with the non-resistant cells. Moreover, the recombinant RNA of 466b-1-3p (mimic) and the artificial antisense RNA of miR-466b-1-3p (inhibitor) were constructed and transfected into resistant RCMECs. The expression and function of P-gp were measured by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry using rhodamine efflux. The mRNA and protein levels of P-gp increased as the concentration of PB increased, whereas miR-466b-1-3p levels decreased with increasing PB concentrations (P<0.05). The miR-466b-1-3p mimic down-regulated P-gp expression, whereas the miR-466b-1-3p inhibitor up-regulated P-gp expression (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate that miR-466b-1-3p may regulate PB-induced P-gp expression in RCMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Ren
- Department of Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiye Shao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Li MP, Hu YD, Hu XL, Zhang YJ, Yang YL, Jiang C, Tang J, Chen XP. MiRNAs and miRNA Polymorphisms Modify Drug Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111096. [PMID: 27834829 PMCID: PMC5129306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in expression of drug response-related genes contribute to inter-individual variation in drugs’ biological effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs emerging as new players in epigenetic regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in drug metabolism, drug transportation, drug targets and downstream signal molecules directly or indirectly. MiRNA polymorphisms, the genetic variations affecting miRNA expression and/or miRNA-mRNA interaction, provide a new insight into the understanding of inter-individual difference in drug response. Here, we provide an overview of the recent progress in miRNAs mediated regulation of biotransformation enzymes, drug transporters, and nuclear receptors. We also describe the implications of miRNA polymorphisms in cancer chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yan-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yong-Long Yang
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Li J, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai X, Cong W, Feng W, Xu C, Deng Y, Wang Y, Skaar TC, Liang H, Liu Y. Identification of rifampin-regulated functional modules and related microRNAs in human hepatocytes based on the protein interaction network. BMC Genomics 2016; 17 Suppl 7:517. [PMID: 27557147 PMCID: PMC5001204 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In combination with gene expression profiles, the protein interaction network (PIN) constructs a dynamic network that includes multiple functional modules. Previous studies have demonstrated that rifampin can influence drug metabolism by regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Rifampin induces gene expression, at least in part, by activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which induces gene expression; however, the impact of rifampin on global gene regulation has not been examined under the molecular network frameworks. METHODS In this study, we extracted rifampin-induced significant differentially expressed genes (SDG) based on the gene expression profile. By integrating the SDG and human protein interaction network (HPIN), we constructed the rifampin-regulated protein interaction network (RrPIN). Based on gene expression measurements, we extracted a subnetwork that showed enriched changes in molecular activity. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we identified the crucial rifampin-regulated biological pathways and associated genes. In addition, genes targeted by miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in the miRNA expression profile were extracted based on the miRNA-gene prediction tools. The miRNA-regulated PIN was further constructed using associated genes and miRNAs. For each miRNA, we further evaluated the potential impact by the gene interaction network using pathway analysis. RESULTS AND DISCCUSSION: We extracted the functional modules, which included 84 genes and 89 interactions, from the RrPIN, and identified 19 key rifampin-response genes that are associated with seven function pathways that include drug response and metabolism, and cancer pathways; many of the pathways were supported by previous studies. In addition, we identified that a set of 6 genes (CAV1, CREBBP, SMAD3, TRAF2, KBKG, and THBS1) functioning as gene hubs in the subnetworks that are regulated by rifampin. It is also suggested that 12 differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with 6 biological pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rifampin contributes to changes in the expression of genes by regulating key molecules in the protein interaction networks. This study offers valuable insights into rifampin-induced biological mechanisms at the level of miRNAs, genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.,Network Information Center, Qiqihar University, No.42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xuefeng Dai
- Network Information Center, Qiqihar University, No.42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Wang Cong
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Weixing Feng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Chengzhen Xu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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