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Barretto-de-Souza L, Benini R, Reis-Silva LL, Busnardo C, Crestani CC. Role of corticotropin-releasing factor neurotransmission in the lateral hypothalamus on baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic variable stress in rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:351-364. [PMID: 38228895 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite the importance of physiological responses to stress in a short-term, chronically these adjustments may be harmful and lead to diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) has been reported to be involved in expression of physiological and behavioral responses to stress, but the local neurochemical mechanisms involved are not completely described. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission is a prominent brain neurochemical system implicated in the physiological and behavioral changes induced by aversive threats. Furthermore, chronic exposure to aversive situations affects the CRF neurotransmission in brain regions involved in stress responses. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the influence of CRF neurotransmission in the LH on changes in cardiovascular function and baroreflex activity induced by chronic variable stress (CVS). We identified that CVS enhanced baseline arterial pressure and impaired baroreflex function, which were followed by increased expression of CRF2, but not CRF1, receptor expression within the LH. Local microinjection of either CRF1 or CRF2 receptor antagonist within the LH inhibited the baroreflex impairment caused by CVS, but without affecting the mild hypertension. Taken together, the findings documented in this study suggest that LH CRF neurotransmission participates in the baroreflex impairment related to chronic stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Lilian L Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Busnardo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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2
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Duarte JO, Planeta CS, Crestani CC. Vulnerability and resilience to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects of stress in adult rats with historical of chronic stress during adolescence. Life Sci 2023; 318:121473. [PMID: 36746355 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the influence of exposure to stress during adolescence in autonomic, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and somatic changes evoked by chronic stress in adult rats. MAIN METHODS Animals were subjected to a 10-days protocol of repeated restraint stress (RRS, habituating) or chronic variable stress (CVS, non-habituating) during adolescence, adulthood, or repeated exposure to either RRS or CVS in adolescence and adulthood (adolescence+adulthood group). The trials to measure autonomic, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and somatic changes in all experimental groups were performed in adulthood. KEY FINDINGS CVS increased basal circulating corticosterone levels and caused adrenal hypertrophy in the adolescence+adulthood group, an effect not identified in animals subjected to this stressor only in adulthood or adolescence. CVS also caused a sympathetically-mediated resting tachycardia in the adulthood group. This effect of CVS was not identified in the adolescence+adulthood group once the increased cardiac sympathetic activity was buffered by a decrease in intrinsic heart rate in these animals. Moreover, the impairment in baroreflex function observed in the adulthood group subjected to CVS was shifted to an improvement in animals subjected to repeated exposure to this stressor during adolescence and adulthood. The RRS in the adolescence+adulthood group caused a sympathetically-mediated resting tachycardia, which was not observed in the adulthood group. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that enduring effects of adverse events during adolescence included a vulnerability to neuroendocrine changes and a resilience to autonomic and cardiovascular dysfunctions caused by the CVS. Furthermore, results of RRS indicated a vulnerability to cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by homotypic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra S Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Zhao H, Wu Q, Li N, Chen Y. The mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress induced high blood pressure in rats: a proteomic and targeted metabolomic analysis. Mol Omics 2023. [PMID: 36938653 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00332e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress, a leading factor for high blood pressure (BP) and even hypertension, affects health quality seriously. However, the management is rather difficult in our rapidly developing modern society, and the underlying mechanism that caused hypertension remains incompletely understood. In this study, we established a rat model of high BP induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). The results showed that CUMS increased the BP and heart rate, as well as the concentrations of CORT, NA, and ACTH. Based on tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled proteomics, 13 proteins changed in RVLM. Then, targeted metabolomics together with real-time qPCR were applied to validate the levels of the biomolecules quantitatively. The related molecules were confirmed to reveal that CUMS has a great role in the upregulation of muscle contraction, synthesis of cAMP and transport of metals, while down-regulating ralaxin signaling. This finding facilitates a better understanding of the mechanism of hypertension induced by chronic stress and could provide an insight into the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- Zhanjiang Institution of Clinical Medicine, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524045, China. .,School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yinchuan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Yinchuan, 750000, China. .,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Na Li
- School of medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.,School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
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4
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Stapelberg NJC, Braidy N. The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1072042. [PMID: 37153459 PMCID: PMC10160413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the sex-dependent development and impacts of coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared to men, women appear to have greater susceptibility to chronic forms of psychosocial stress, extending beyond an increased incidence of mood disorders to include a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of stress-dependent myocardial infarction in women, and up to 10-fold higher risk of Takotsubo syndrome-a stress-dependent coronary-myocardial disorder most prevalent in post-menopausal women. Sex differences arise at all levels of the stress response: from initial perception of stress to behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses and longer-term disease outcomes. These fundamental differences involve interactions between chromosomal and gonadal determinants, (mal)adaptive epigenetic modulation across the lifespan (particularly in early life), and the extrinsic influences of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. Pre-clinical investigations of biological mechanisms support distinct early life programming and a heightened corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory reactivity in females vs. males, among implicated determinants of the chronic stress response. Unravelling the intrinsic molecular, cellular and systems biological basis of these differences, and their interactions with external lifestyle/socio-cultural determinants, can guide preventative and therapeutic strategies to better target coronary heart disease in a tailored sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Tessa J. Helman
| | - John P. Headrick
- Schoolof Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Correa BHM, Becari L, Peliky Fontes MA, Simões-e-Silva AC, Kangussu LM. Involvement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Stress: State of the Art and Research Perspectives. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1212-1228. [PMID: 34554902 PMCID: PMC9886820 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210719142300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with other canonical systems, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has shown important roles in stress. This system is a complex regulatory proteolytic cascade composed of various enzymes, peptides, and receptors. Besides the classical (ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor) and the counter-regulatory (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) RAS axes, evidence indicates that nonclassical components, including Ang III, Ang IV, AT2 and AT4, can also be involved in stress. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge on the participation of RAS components in different adverse environmental stimuli stressors, including air jet stress, cage switch stress, restraint stress, chronic unpredictable stress, neonatal isolation stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In general, activation of the classical RAS axis potentiates stress-related cardiovascular, endocrine, and behavioral responses, while the stimulation of the counter-regulatory axis attenuates these effects. Pharmacological modulation in both axes is optimistic, offering promising perspectives for stress-related disorders treatment. In this regard, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are potential candidates already available since they block the classical axis, activate the counter-regulatory axis, and are safe and efficient drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo H. M. Correa
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Luca Becari
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Marco Antônio Peliky Fontes
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics - Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
| | - Ana Cristina Simões-e-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Tel: (+55-31) 3409-2772; E-mail:
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6
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Multiple Aspects of Inappropriate Action of Renin-Angiotensin, Vasopressin, and Oxytocin Systems in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040908. [PMID: 35207180 PMCID: PMC8877782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system and the central nervous system (CNS) closely cooperate in the regulation of primary vital functions. The autonomic nervous system and several compounds known as cardiovascular factors, especially those targeting the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), the vasopressin system (VPS), and the oxytocin system (OTS), are also efficient modulators of several other processes in the CNS. The components of the RAS, VPS, and OTS, regulating pain, emotions, learning, memory, and other cognitive processes, are present in the neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels of the CNS. Increasing evidence shows that the combined function of the RAS, VPS, and OTS is altered in neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases, and in particular in patients with depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, and schizophrenia. The altered function of the RAS may also contribute to CNS disorders in COVID-19. In this review, we present evidence that there are multiple causes for altered combined function of the RAS, VPS, and OTS in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, such as genetic predispositions and the engagement of the RAS, VAS, and OTS in the processes underlying emotions, memory, and cognition. The neuroactive pharmaceuticals interfering with the synthesis or the action of angiotensins, vasopressin, and oxytocin can improve or worsen the effectiveness of treatment for neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases. Better knowledge of the multiple actions of the RAS, VPS, and OTS may facilitate programming the most efficient treatment for patients suffering from the comorbidity of neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
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7
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Costa-Ferreira W, Mendonça MM, Xavier CH, Crestani CC. Lateral hypothalamus involvement in control of stress response by bed nucleus of the stria terminalis endocannabinoid neurotransmission in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16133. [PMID: 34373508 PMCID: PMC8352993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid neurotransmission acting via local CB1 receptor in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been implicated in behavioral and physiological responses to emotional stress. However, the neural network related to this control is poorly understood. In this sense, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is involved in stress responses, and BNST GABAergic neurons densely innervate this hypothalamic nucleus. However, a role of BNST projections to the LH in physiological responses to stress is unknown. Therefore, using male rats, we investigated the role of LH GABAergic neurotransmission in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress by CB1 receptors within the BNST. We observed that microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 into the BNST decreased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells within the LH of rats submitted to acute restraint stress. Treatment of the BNST with AM251 also enhanced restraint-evoked tachycardia. Nevertheless, arterial pressure increase and sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to restraint was not affected by CB1 receptor antagonism within the BNST. The effect of AM251 in the BNST on restraint-evoked tachycardia was abolished in animals pretreated with the selective GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 in the LH. These results indicate that regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress by CB1 receptors in the BNST is mediated by GABAergic neurotransmission in the LH. Present data also provide evidence of the BNST endocannabinoid neurotransmission as a mechanism involved in LH neuronal activation during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle M Mendonça
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Xavier
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
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8
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Oliveira LA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Benini R, Wood SK, Crestani CC. Both CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis are involved in baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic stress in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110009. [PMID: 32535028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to adverse events has been proposed as a prominent factor involved in etiology and progression of cardiovascular dysfunctions in humans and animals. However, the neurobiological mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. In this sense, chronic stress has been reported to evoke neuroplasticity in corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission in several limbic structures, including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. However, a possible involvement of BNST CRF neurotransmission in cardiovascular dysfunctions evoked by chronic stress has never been reported. Thus, this study investigated the involvement of CRF1 and CRF2 receptors within the BNST in cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in rats. We identified that exposure to a 10-day chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol decreased expression of both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors within the BNST. These effects were followed by increased arterial pressure and impairment of baroreflex function, but without changes on heart rate. Bilateral microinjection of either the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395 or the selective CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 into the BNST did not affect CVS-evoked arterial pressure increase. Nevertheless, BNST treatment with CP376395 decreased both tachycardic and bradycardic responses of the baroreflex in non-stressed rats; but these effects were not identified in chronically stressed animals. BNST pharmacological treatment with antisauvagine-30 decreased the reflex tachycardia in control animals, whereas reflex bradycardic response was increased in CVS animals. Altogether, the results reported in the present study indicate that down regulation of both CRF1 and CRF2 receptors within the BNST is involved in baroreflex impairment evoked by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil
| | - Susan K Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazil.
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9
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Costa-Ferreira W, Gomes-de-Souza L, Crestani CC. Role of angiotensin receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus in autonomic, baroreflex and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:763-777. [PMID: 33372338 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of AT1 , AT2 and Mas angiotensinergic receptors within the MeA in autonomic, cardiovascular and baroreflex changes evoked by a 10-day (1 hr daily) repeated restraint stress (RRS) protocol. Analysis of cardiovascular function after the end of the RRS protocol indicated increased values of arterial pressure, without heart rate changes. Arterial pressure increase was not affected by acute MeA treatment after the RRS with either the selective AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 or the selective Mas receptor antagonist A-779. Analysis of heart rate variability indicated that RRS increased the sympathetic tone to the heart, which was inhibited by MeA treatment with either losartan, PD123319 or A-779. Baroreflex function assessed using the pharmacological approach via intravenous infusion of vasoactive agents revealed a facilitation of tachycardia evoked by blood pressure decrease in chronically stressed animals, which was inhibited by MeA treatment with losartan. Conversely, baroreflex responses during spontaneous fluctuations of blood pressure were impaired by RRS, and this effect was not affected by injection of the angiotensinergic receptor antagonists into the MeA. Altogether, the data reported in the present study suggest an involvement of both angiotensinergic receptors present in the MeA in autonomic imbalance evoked by RRS, as well as an involvement of MeA AT1 receptor in the enhanced baroreflex responses during full range of blood pressure changes. Results also indicate that RRS-evoked increase in arterial pressure and impairment of baroreflex responses during spontaneous variations of arterial pressure are independent of MeA angiotensinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
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10
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Reis-Silva LL, Barretto-de-Souza L, Benini R, Crestani CC. CRF 1 and CRF 2 receptors in the lateral hypothalamus differently modulate the baroreflex function in unanesthetized rats. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147195. [PMID: 33159974 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a diencephalic structure that has been considered part of the central circuitry regulating the baroreflex function. However, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved in baroreflex control by this hypothalamic area are poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurotransmission within the LH acting via local CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in cardiac baroreflex responses in unanesthetized rats. For this, the baroreflex activity was assessed using two approaches: i) the pharmacological approach via intravenous infusion of vasoactive agents, and ii) the sequence analysis technique that evaluates reflex responses during spontaneous arterial pressure variations. The sequence analysis technique indicated that LH treatment with the selective CRF1 receptor antagonist CP376395 decreased the baroreflex effectiveness index, whereas the selective CRF2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30 increased the reflex shortening of pulse interval during spontaneous arterial pressure decreases. However, the pharmacological approach did not indicate effect of the bilateral microinjection of either CP376395 or antisauvagine-30 into the LH in the tachycardia evoked by blood pressure decrease or the reflex bradycardia caused by blood pressure increase. Overall, these findings indicate that CRF neurotransmission within the LH controls baroreflex function during a narrow range of physiological arterial pressure variations. Besides, results provide evidence that CRF1 and CRF2 receptors in the LH oppositely modulate the spontaneous baroreflex activity through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian L Reis-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Barretto-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Felipe JM, Palombo P, Bianchi PC, Zaniboni CR, Anésio A, Yokoyama TS, Engi SA, Carneiro-de-Oliveira PE, Planeta CDS, Leão RM, Cruz FC. Dorsal hippocampus plays a causal role in context-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking in rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112978. [PMID: 33169700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic mental disorder characterized by frequent relapses. Contextual cues associated with drug use to play a critical causal role in drug-seeking behavior. The hippocampus has been implicated in encoding drug associative memories. Here we examine whether the dorsal hippocampus mediates context-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer alcohol in Context A. Alcohol self-administration was extinguished in a distinct context (Context B). On the test day, animals were re-exposed to the alcohol Context A or the extinction Context B. Next, to assess a causal role for the dorsal hippocampus in context-induced alcohol-seeking, on the test day, we injected cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a nonselective synapse inhibitor) or vehicle into the dorsal hippocampus, and 15 min later, rats were tested by re-exposing them to the drug-associated context. The re-exposure to the alcohol-associated Context A reinstated alcohol seeking and increased Fos-positive cells in the dorsal hippocampus neurons (CA1, CA3, and Dentate Gyrus). Pharmacological inactivation with cobalt chloride of the dorsal hippocampus attenuated the reinstatement of alcohol-seeking. Our data suggest that the dorsal hippocampus may be involved in context-induced alcohol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Moreira Felipe
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Paola Palombo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Riberti Zaniboni
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Anésio
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Thais Suemi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Sheila Antonagi Engi
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
| | | | - Cleopatra da Silva Planeta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Molini Leão
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
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12
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Batschauer T, Cordeiro JM, Simas BB, Brunetta HS, Souza RM, Nunes EA, Reis WL, Moreira ELG, Crestani CC, Santos ARS, Speretta GF. Behavioral, cardiovascular and endocrine alterations induced by chronic stress in rats fed a high-fat diet. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:113013. [PMID: 32540332 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and anxiety disorders (AD). Obesity also increases the risk of CVD and AD. The modern lifestyle commonly includes high-fat diet (HFD) intake and daily exposure to stressful events. However, it is not completely understood whether chronic stress exacerbates HFD-induced behavioral and physiological changes. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the exposure to chronic variable stress (CVS) on behavioral, cardiovascular, and endocrine parameters in rats fed an HFD. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control-standard chow diet (control-SD), control-HFD, CVS-SD, and CVS-HFD. The control-HFD and CVS-HFD groups were fed with HFD for six weeks. The CVS-HFD and CVS-SD groups were exposed to a CVS protocol in the last ten days of the six weeks. The behavioral analysis revealed that CVS decreased the open-arm exploration time during the elevated plus-maze test (p < 0.05). HFD promoted metabolic disorders and increased angiotensin II and leptin blood levels (p < 0.05). CVS or HFD increased blood pressure and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) modulation of the heart and vessels and decreased baroreflex activity (p < 0.05). Combining CVS and HFD exacerbated the cardiac SNS response and increased basal heart rate (HR) (p < 0.05). CVS or HFD did not affect vascular function and aorta nitrate (p > 0.05). Taken together, these data indicate a synergism between HFD and CVS on the HR and cardiac SNS responses, suggesting an increased cardiovascular risk. Besides, neuroendocrine and anxiogenic disturbers may contribute to the cardiovascular changes induced by HFD and CVS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Batschauer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Júlio M Cordeiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Simas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Henver S Brunetta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Raul M Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L G Moreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F Speretta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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13
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Duchatsch F, Tardelli LP, Herrera NA, Ruiz TFR, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Santos CF, Amaral SL. Dexamethasone and Training-Induced Cardiac Remodeling Improve Cardiac Function and Arterial Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:189-199. [PMID: 32856477 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420953271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling are still unclear, especially in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the other side, exercise training is a good strategy to control hypertension. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of DEX treatment and physical training on arterial pressure and cardiac remodeling in SHR. MATERIAL AND METHODS SHR underwent treadmill training (5 days/week, 1h/session, at 50-60% of maximal capacity, 0% degree, 75 days) and received low-dose of DEX (50µg/kg, s.c.) during the last 15 days. Sedentary Wistar rats (W) were used as control. Echocardiography and artery catheterization were performed for cardiac remodeling and function, arterial pressure and autonomic nervous system analyses. In addition, left ventricle (LV) capillary density, myocyte diameter and collagen deposition area were analyzed using specific histological staining. RESULTS Low-dose of DEX treatment did not exacerbate arterial pressure of SHR and trained groups had lower values, regardless of DEX. DEX and training decreased relative left ventricle wall thickness (RWT) and determined LV angiogenesis (+19%) and lower collagen deposition area (-22%). In addition, it determined increased left ventricular diastolic diameter. These changes were followed by improvements on systolic and diastolic function, since it was observed increased posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) and reduced isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study is unique to indicate that low-dose of DEX treatment does not exacerbate arterial pressure in SHR and, when associated with training, it improves LV systolic and diastolic function, which may be due to LV angiogenesis and reduction of wall collagen deposition area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Lidieli P Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara A Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles F R Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Vicentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos F Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, 28133University of São Paulo (Usp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
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14
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Tachachartvanich P, Sanchez SS, Gomez SL, John EM, Smith MT, Fejerman L. Plasma glucocorticogenic activity, race/ethnicity and alcohol intake among San Francisco Bay Area women. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233904. [PMID: 32479509 PMCID: PMC7263601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial and ethnic minorities are at higher risk for a variety of diseases. While sociodemographic and lifestyle factors contribute to racial/ethnic health disparities, the biological processes underlying these associations remain poorly understood. Stress and its biological consequences through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been hypothesized to mediate adverse disease outcomes. In fasting morning samples of 503 control women from the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study, we used a sensitive Chemical-Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (CALUX) assay to examine the association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with plasma glucocorticogenic (G) activity in three racial/ethnic groups. The G activity is a sensitive measure that reflects biological activity of total plasma glucocorticoids including cortisol and glucocorticoid-like compounds. Associations between G activity and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were examined using multivariable linear regression models. Latina and non-Latina Black (NLB) women had 9% (P = 0.053) and 14% (P = 0.008) lower morning G activity than non-Latina White (NLW) women, respectively. Additionally, we replicated a previously reported association between G activity and alcohol intake (women who drank >10gms had 19% higher G activity than non-drinkers, P = 0.004) in Latina and NLB women. Further research should assess the association between G activity and health outcomes in a prospective cohort so as to characterize the relationship between total plasma G activity in pre-disease state and disease outcomes across different racial/ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phum Tachachartvanich
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Sylvia S. Sanchez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Scarlett L. Gomez
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, United States of America
- Division of Oncology and Stanford Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Xue Y, Wei SQ, Wang PX, Wang WY, Liu EQ, Traub RJ, Cao DY. Down-regulation of Spinal 5-HT 2A and 5-HT 2C Receptors Contributes to Somatic Hyperalgesia induced by Orofacial Inflammation Combined with Stress. Neuroscience 2020; 440:196-209. [PMID: 32497757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering with functional somatic pain syndromes such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) have some similar symptoms, but the underlying cause is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the spinal cord contribute to somatic hyperalgesia induced by orofacial inflammation combined with different modes of stress. Ovariectomized rats were injected subcutaneously with estradiol and bilateral masseter muscles were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant followed by stress. Somatic sensitivity was assessed with thermal and mechanical stimulation. The anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were measured by immobility time, sucrose preference, elevated plus maze and open field tests. The expression of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the spinal cord was examined by Western blot. Orofacial inflammation combined with 11 day forced swim stress (FSS) induced persistent mechanical allodynia for 15 days and thermal hyperalgesia for 2 days. The mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia lasted for 43 days and 30 days respectively following orofacial inflammation combined with 11 day heterotypic stress. Orofacial inflammation combined with stress induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The expression of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors significantly decreased in the orofacial inflammation combined with stress groups. Intrathecal injection of 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptor agonist reversed somatic hyperalgesia. The results suggest that down-regulation of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the spinal cord contributes to somatic hyperalgesia induced by orofacial inflammation combined with stress, indicating that 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors may be potential targets in the treatment of TMD comorbid with FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Si-Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Pei-Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Wu-Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - En-Qi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Richard J Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, 650 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Dong-Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Research Center of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Stomatology, 98 West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China.
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16
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do Vale GT, Leoni D, Sousa AH, Gonzaga NA, Uliana DL, La Gata DC, Resstel LB, Padovan CM, Tirapelli CR. Acute restraint stress increases blood pressure and oxidative stress in the cardiorenal system of rats: a role for AT 1 receptors. Stress 2020; 23:328-337. [PMID: 31583926 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1675627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate whether acute restraint stress may affect the oxidative state of the cardiorenal system and the possible contribution of angiotensin II/AT1 receptors in such response. Male Wistar rats were restrained for 60 min within wire mesh chambers. Some rats were treated with losartan (selective AT1 receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, p.o., gavage) 30 min before being stressed. Biochemical analyses were conducted after the 60-min period of restraint. Treatment with losartan prevented the increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP), but not heart rate (HR) induced by acute stress. Phenylephrine-induced contraction of endothelium-intact aortas was not affected by acute stress. Losartan prevented the increase in both superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels induced by acute stress in the aorta and renal cortex. Similarly, the augmented activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) induced by acute stress in the aorta and renal cortex was prevented by losartan. Enhanced levels of O2•- and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) were detected in the left ventricle (LV) of stressed rats, but losartan did not prevent these responses. Similarly, losartan did not inhibited stress-induced decrease in the concentration of nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and H2O2 in the left ventricle. Stress increased ROS generation and affected the enzymatic antioxidant system in the cardiorenal system. In addition to its well-known cardiovascular changes during acute stress, angiotensin II also induces ROS generation in the cardiorenal system in a tissue-specific manner. The increase in oxidative stress mediated by angiotensin II/AT1 receptors could be one mechanism by which acute stress predisposes to cardiorenal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T do Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Drieli Leoni
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur H Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália A Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela L Uliana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi C La Gata
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Resstel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M Padovan
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Depto. de Psicologia, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, DEPCH, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Benini R, Oliveira LA, Gomes-de-Souza L, Rodrigues B, Crestani CC. Habituation of the cardiovascular response to restraint stress is inhibited by exposure to other stressor stimuli and exercise training. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb219501. [PMID: 32205360 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.219501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of exposure to either a chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol or social isolation, as well as treadmill exercise training, in the habituation of the cardiovascular response upon repeated exposure to restraint stress in rats. The habituation of the corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress was also evaluated. For this, animals were subjected to either acute or 10 daily sessions of 60 min of restraint stress. CVS and social isolation protocols lasted for 10 consecutive days, whereas treadmill training was performed for 1 h per day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. We observed that the increase in serum corticosterone was reduced during both the stress and the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. Habituation of the cardiovascular response was identified in terms of a faster return of heart rate to baseline values during the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. The increase in blood pressure and the decrease in tail skin temperature were similar at the 1st and 10th session of restraint. Exposure to CVS, social isolation or treadmill exercise training inhibited the habituation of the restraint-evoked tachycardia. Additionally, CVS increased the blood pressure response at the 10th session of restraint, whereas social isolation enhanced both the tachycardia during the first session and the drop in skin temperature at the 10th session of restraint. Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that pathologies evoked by stress might be related to impairment in the habituation process to homotypic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Benini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-851, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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18
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Head GA, Jackson KL, Gueguen C. Potential Therapeutic Use of Neurosteroids for Hypertension. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1477. [PMID: 31920690 PMCID: PMC6920208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contribution to long-term setting of blood pressure (BP) and hence hypertension has been a continuing controversy over many decades. However, the contribution of increased sympathetic vasomotor tone to the heart, kidney, and blood vessels has been suggested as a major influence on the development of high BP which affects 30-40% of the population. This is relevant to hypertension associated with chronic stress, being overweight or obese as well to chronic kidney disease. Treatments that have attempted to block the peripheral aspects of the SNS contribution have included surgery to cut the sympathetic nerves as well as agents to block α- and β-adrenoceptors. Other treatments, such as centrally acting drugs like clonidine, rilmenidine, or moxonidine, activate receptors within the ventrolateral medulla to reduce the vasomotor tone overall but have side effects that limit their use. None of these treatments target the cause of the enhanced sympathetic tone. Recently we have identified an antihypertensive action of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone in a mouse model of neurogenic hypertension. Allopregnanolone is known to facilitate high-affinity extra-synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAAR) through allosteric modulation and transcriptional upregulation. The antihypertensive effect was specific for increased expression of δ subunits in the amygdala and hypothalamus. This focused review examines the possibility that neurosteroids may be a novel therapeutic approach to address the neurogenic contribution to hypertension. We discuss the causes and prevalence of neurogenic hypertension, current therapeutic approaches, and the applicability of using neurosteroids as antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristy L Jackson
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cindy Gueguen
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Costa-Ferreira W, Gomes-de-Souza L, Crestani CC. AT2 and MAS (but not AT1) angiotensinergic receptors in the medial amygdaloid nucleus modulate the baroreflex activity in rats. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1173-1182. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Wu Q, Xia DM, Lan F, Wang YK, Tan X, Sun JC, Wang WZ, Wang R, Peng XD, Liu M. UPLC-QTOF/MS-based metabolomics reveals the mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced hypertension in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4619. [PMID: 31177559 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common chronic disease, and it is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recently, the number of patients with hypertension-related complications has increased significantly, adding a heavy burden to the public health system. It is known that chronic stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and stroke. However, the impact of hypertension on the dysfunctions induced by chronic stress remains poorly understood. In this study, using LC-MS-based metabolomics, we established a chronic stress model to demonstrate the mechanisms of stress-induced hypertension. We found that 30 metabolites in chronically stressed rats were changed; of these metabolites, seven had been upregulated, and 23 had been downregulated, including amino acids, phospholipids, carnitines and fatty acids, many of which are involved in amino acid metabolism, cell membrane injury, ATP supply and inflammation. These metabolites are engaged in dysregulated pathways and will provide a targeted approach to study the mechanism of stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Meng Xia
- Department of Emergency, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Cen Sun
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Costa-Ferreira W, Morais-Silva G, Gomes-de-Souza L, Marin MT, Crestani CC. The AT1 Receptor Antagonist Losartan Does Not Affect Depressive-Like State and Memory Impairment Evoked by Chronic Stressors in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:705. [PMID: 31293424 PMCID: PMC6598205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of the treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonist losartan in the depressive-like state and memory impairment evoked by exposure to either homotypic (i.e., repeated exposure to the same type of stressor) or heterotypic (i.e., exposure to different aversive stimuli) chronic stressors in rats. For this, male Wistar rats were subjected to a 10 days regimen of repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic stressor) or chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic stressor) while being concurrently treated daily with losartan (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Depressive-like state was evaluated by analysis of the alterations considered as markers of depression (decreased sucrose preference and body weight and coat state deterioration), whereas cognitive non-emotional performance was tested using the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Locomotor activity was also evaluated in the open field test. Both RRS and CVS impaired sucrose preference and caused coat state deterioration, whereas only CVS impaired body weight gain. Besides, RRS impaired short-term memory (but not long-term memory) in the NOR test. Neither depressive-like state nor memory impairment evoked by the chronic stressors was affected by the treatment with losartan. Nevertheless, CVS increased the locomotion, which was inhibited by losartan. Taken together, these results provide evidence that the chronic treatment with losartan does not affect the depressive-like state and memory impairment evoked by either homotypic or heterotypic chronic stress regimens in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Costa-Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, Brazil
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22
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Morais-Silva G, Costa-Ferreira W, Gomes-de-Souza L, Pavan JC, Crestani CC, Marin MT. Cardiovascular outcomes related to social defeat stress: New insights from resilient and susceptible rats. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100181. [PMID: 31236438 PMCID: PMC6582241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure is an important risk factor for psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders. Two phenotypes related to coping with stress can be observed in rodents that experience chronic social defeat stress (SDS): susceptible, showing social avoidance and behavioral changes related to depression, and resilient, showing none of these alterations. Moreover, a strong correlation exists between depression and the development of or mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, little is known about cardiovascular alterations related to SDS exposure in those phenotypes or their correlation with depressive-like behaviors. Using a chronic SDS protocol followed by the social interaction test, we identified Wistar rats as resilient or susceptible to SDS. Susceptible animals showed increased depressive-like behaviors with resting tachycardia and decreased heart rate variability (HRV) due to increased sympathetic tone in the heart and a less effective baroreflex. In contrast, resilient rats were protected from these alterations by increased vagal tone, resulting in greater HRV values. To our knowledge, our study is the first to indicate that harmful cardiovascular outcomes are related to depressive-like behaviors in susceptible rats and to suggest a mechanism by which resilient rats are protected from these changes. Also, our results suggest that enhanced HRV and vagal tone may be an important trait in resilient individuals. Cardiovascular alterations are correlated to depressive-like behaviors. Susceptible rats show increased sympathetic tone to the heart and lower HRV. Baroreflex effectiveness in susceptible rats is impaired. Resilient rats show an increased vagal tone to the heart and greater values of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gessynger Morais-Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline C Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF), UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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23
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Bianchi PC, Costa Ferreira W, Antonagi Engi S, Palombo P, Carneiro de Oliveira PE, Gomes de Souza L, Crestani CC, da Costa JL, da Silva Planeta C, Molini Leão R, Cardoso Cruz F. Prolonged Exposure to Alcohol Vapor Causes Change in Cardiovascular Function in Female but not in Male Rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1066-1076. [PMID: 30908675 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is a health concern worldwide. Studies have associated alcohol abuse with cardiovascular impairments. In this study, we investigated differences in the effects of chronic alcohol vapor exposure on cardiovascular function between male and female rats by using the alcohol vapor chamber method to induce alcohol addiction-like behaviors in rats. METHODS We exposed male and female Long-Evans rats to alcohol vapor for 14 hours, followed by ethanol withdrawal for 10 hours, for 30 consecutive days or room air (control groups). The animals underwent preparation for the surgical implantation of cannulas into femoral vessels, for allowing the assessment of the basal arterial pressure and heart rate values, baroreflex function, and autonomic activity. RESULTS Female control rats showed higher basal heart rate compared to male control rats. Chronic alcohol vapor inhalation reduced basal heart rate in females, but not in males; this effect was followed by an increase in the parasympathetic tone of the heart. Further, female rats subjected to alcohol vapor showed an increase in the baroreflex activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that females are more sensitive to chronic alcohol vapor exposure than males because they had a reduction in basal heart rate and changes in the baroreflex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cristina Bianchi
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Antonagi Engi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Palombo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Gomes de Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos César Crestani
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleopatra da Silva Planeta
- Laboratory of Neuropsypharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Molini Leão
- Bioregulation Department, Health Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia (ICS/ UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabio Cardoso Cruz
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Paulista Medicine School, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology Institute-INFAR, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Vieira JO, Duarte JO, Costa-Ferreira W, Crestani CC. Influence of pre-existing hypertension on neuroendocrine and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic stress in female rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 97:111-119. [PMID: 30015006 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated neuroendocrine, autonomic, and cardiovascular changes evoked by daily exposure to the same type of stressor (homotypic) or different aversive stressor stimuli (heterotypic) in 60-days-old female normotensive Wistar rats and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Both strains of rats were exposed for 10 consecutive days to either the homotypic stressor repeated restraint stress (RRS) or the heterotypic stressor chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). As expected, SHR had higher baseline blood pressure values and impaired baroreflex activity in relation to normotensive animals. Besides, SHR presented higher plasma corticosterone levels and decreased thymus weight. Both RRS and CUS increased baseline plasma corticosterone concentration and decreased body weight gain in both normotensive and SHR rats. In addition, both stress protocols caused hypertrophy of adrenal glands in normotensive rats. Regarding the cardiovascular effects, RRS increased basal heart rate in both rat strains, which was mediated by an increase in sympathetic tone to the heart. Besides, RRS increased baroreflex-mediated tachycardia in SHR animals, while CUS increased cardiac parasympathetic activity and pacemaker activity in normotensive rats. Taken together, these results indicate a stress type-specific effect, as identified by a vulnerability of both strains to the deleterious cardiovascular effects evoked by the homotypic stressor and a resilience to the impact of the heterotypic stressor. Vulnerability of hypertensive rats was evidenced by the absence of CUS-evoked adaptive cardiovascular responses and an increase of baroreflex tachycardia in SHR animals subjected to RRS. The somatic and HPA axis changes were overall independent of the chronic stress regimen and pre-existing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Vieira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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25
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Simas BB, Nunes EA, Crestani CC, Speretta GF. Cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of the association between chronic stress and high-fat diet in rats. Stress 2018; 21:247-256. [PMID: 29429380 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1437413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and chronic stress are considered independent risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and changes in autonomic system activity. However, the cardiovascular consequences induced by the association between high-fat diet (HFD) and chronic stress are not fully understood. We hypothesized that the association between HFD and exposure to a chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol for four weeks might exacerbate the cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances in rats when compared to these factors singly. To test this hypothesis, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control-standard chow diet (SD; n = 8); control-HFD (n = 8); CVS-SD (n = 8); and CVS-HFD (n = 8). The CVS consisted of repeated exposure of the rats to different inescapable and unpredictable stressors (restraint tress; damp sawdust, cold, swim stress and light cycle inversion). We evaluated cardiovascular function, autonomic activity, dietary intake, adiposity and metabolism. The HFD increased body weight, adiposity and blood glucose concentration (∼15%) in both control and CVS rats. The CVS-HFD rats showed decreased insulin sensitivity (25%) compared to CVS-SD rats. The control-HFD and CVS-HFD rats presented increased intrinsic heart rate (HR) values (∼8%). CVS increased cardiac sympathetic activity (∼65%) in both SD- and HFD-fed rats. The HFD increased basal HR (∼10%). Blood pressure and baroreflex analyzes showed no differences among the experimental groups. In conclusion, the present data indicate absence of interaction on autonomic imbalance evoked by either CVS or HFD. Additionally, HFD increased HR and evoked metabolic disruptions which are independent of stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B Simas
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre , Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - Everson A Nunes
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre , Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis , Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- b Laboratory of Pharmacology , São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Guilherme F Speretta
- a Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre , Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) , Florianópolis , Brazil
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26
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Vieira JO, Duarte JO, Costa-Ferreira W, Morais-Silva G, Marin MT, Crestani CC. Sex differences in cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and behavioral changes evoked by chronic stressors in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 81:426-437. [PMID: 28823849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the physiological, somatic and behavioral changes evoked by daily exposure to the same type of stressor (homotypic) or different aversive stressor stimuli (heterotypic) in male and female rats. For this, adult Wistar rats were subjected to a 10days regimen of repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic stressor) or chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic stressor). Effects evoked by CVS included: (i) adrenal hypertrophy and decreased body weight gain in male animals, (ii) a sympathetically-mediated increase in basal heart rate in males, and (iii) a rise in plasma corticosterone concentration and anxiogenic effects in female animals. The homotypic stressor RRS also induced an increase in plasma corticosterone and anxiogenic effects in females, decreased body weight gain in males and evoked a sympathetically-mediated increase in heart rate in both sexes. Changes in cardiovascular function and autonomic activity evoked by both stressors were followed by impairment of baroreflex activity in males, but not female animals. Both chronic stressors evoked changes in blood pressure responsiveness to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents in both sexes. Taken together, these results indicate that regardless of chronic stress regimen males are more vulnerable to somatic effects of chronic stressors, while females appear to be more susceptible to neuroendocrine and behavioral changes. Present findings also indicate that females are selectively vulnerable to cardiovascular and autonomic changes evoked by homotypic stressors. Nevertheless, homotypic and heterotypic stressors similarly affect cardiovascular function and autonomic activity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Vieira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Marin
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Pernomian L, Moreira JD, Gomes MS. In the View of Endothelial Microparticles: Novel Perspectives for Diagnostic and Pharmacological Management of Cardiovascular Risk during Diabetes Distress. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9685205. [PMID: 29862304 PMCID: PMC5971276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9685205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic exposure to diabetes-related stressors triggers a specific psychological and behavior stress syndrome called diabetes distress, which underlies depressive symptoms in most diabetic patients. Distressed and/or depressive diabetic adults exhibit higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, which have been correlated to macrovascular complications evoked by diabetic behavior stress. Recent experimental findings clearly point out that oxidative stress accounts for the vascular dysfunction initiated by the exposure to life stressors in diabetic conditions. Moreover, oxidative stress has been described as the main autocrine and paracrine mechanism of cardiovascular damage induced by endothelial microparticles (anuclear ectosomal microvesicles released from injured endothelial cells) in diabetic subjects. Such robust relationship between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases strongly suggests a critical role for endothelial microparticles as the primer messengers of the redox-dependent vascular dysfunction underlying diabetes distress. Here, we provide novel perspectives opened in the view of endothelial microparticles as promising diagnostic and pharmacotherapeutic biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in distressed diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pernomian
- Department of Biosciences Applied to Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jôsimar Dornelas Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Santos Gomes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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