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Zhang M, Yuan Q, Wang P, Zhang F, Wu D, Bai H, Liu J, Liu H, Yuan X. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles Containing H8 Improve Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Exert Ameliorative Effects in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6643-6658. [PMID: 38979532 PMCID: PMC11230129 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s455021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanovesicles (NVs) derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) as drug delivery systems are considered an effective therapeutic strategy for diabetes. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and molecular mechanism of BMSC-derived NVs carrying the curcumin analog H8 (H8-BMSCs-NVs) on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Subjects and Methods Mouse BMSCs were isolated by collagenase digestion and H8-BMSCs-NVs were prepared by microvesicle extrusion. The effects of H8-BMSCs-NVs on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism were observed in a T2D mouse model and a HepG2 cell insulin resistance model. To evaluate changes in potential signaling pathways, the PI3K/AKT/AMPK signaling pathway and expression levels of G6P and PEPCK were assessed by Western blotting. Results H8-BMSCs-NVs effectively improved lipid accumulation in liver tissues and restored liver dysfunction in T2D mice. Meanwhile, H8-BMSCs-NVs effectively inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in the insulin resistance models of HepG2 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that H8-BMSCs-NVs activated the PI3K/AKT/AMPK signaling pathway and decreased the expression levels of G6P and PEPCK. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that H8-BMSCs-NVs improved hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in T2D mice by activating the PI3K/AKT/AMPK signaling pathway, which provides novel evidence suggesting the potential of H8-BMSCs-NVs in the clinically treatment of T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - He Bai
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
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Zeng Y, Li Y, Jiang W, Hou N. Molecular mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1375400. [PMID: 38596692 PMCID: PMC11003275 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1375400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus, has become recognized as a cardiometabolic disease. In normoxic conditions, the majority of the ATP production (>95%) required for heart beating comes from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of fatty acids (FAs) and glucose, with the remaining portion coming from a variety of sources, including fructose, lactate, ketone bodies (KB) and branched chain amino acids (BCAA). Increased FA intake and decreased utilization of glucose and lactic acid were observed in the diabetic hearts of animal models and diabetic patients. Moreover, the polyol pathway is activated, and fructose metabolism is enhanced. The use of ketones as energy sources in human diabetic hearts also increases significantly. Furthermore, elevated BCAA levels and impaired BCAA metabolism were observed in the hearts of diabetic mice and patients. The shift in energy substrate preference in diabetic hearts results in increased oxygen consumption and impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the precise mechanisms by which impaired myocardial metabolic alterations result in diabetes mellitus cardiac disease are not fully understood. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in alterations of myocardial energy metabolism. It not only adds more molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment, but also provides an experimental foundation for screening novel therapeutic agents for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Yilang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Wenyue Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
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3
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Kondo S, Adachi SI, Komatsu W, Yoshizawa F, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic Effect of Urolithin A in Cultured L6 Myotubes and Type 2 Diabetic Model KK-A y/Ta Mice with Glucose Intolerance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1078-1090. [PMID: 38392186 PMCID: PMC10887565 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, and muscle, the largest tissue in the human body, is largely involved. Urolithin A (UroA) is a major intestinal and microbial metabolite of ellagic acid and ellagitannins and is found in fruits such as strawberry and pomegranate. In this present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effects of UroA in L6 myotubes and in KK-Ay/Ta, a mouse model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). UroA treatment elevated the glucose uptake (GU) of L6 myotubes in the absence of insulin. This elevation in GU by UroA treatment was partially inhibited by the concurrent addition of LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which activates Akt (PKB: protein kinase B) or Compound C, an inhibitor of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, UroA was found to activate both pathways of Akt and AMPK, and then to promote translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) from the cytosol to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes. Based on these in vitro findings, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed after the oral administration of UroA for 3 weeks to KK-Ay/Ta mice with glucose intolerance. UroA was demonstrated to alleviate glucose intolerance. These results suggest that UroA is a biofactor with antihyperglycemic effects in the T2D state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kondo
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Wataru Komatsu
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yoshizawa
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yagasaki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Tochigi, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Aziz N, Dash B, Wal P, Kumari P, Joshi P, Wal A. New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathies: An Updated Review on their Pathology, Diagnosis, Mechanism, Screening Techniques, Pharmacological, and Future Approaches. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222416. [PMID: 37867268 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998242299231011181615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the largest problems for global public health is diabetes mellitus (DM) and its micro and macrovascular consequences. Although prevention, diagnosis, and treatment have generally improved, its incidence is predicted to keep rising over the coming years. Due to the intricacy of the molecular mechanisms, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis, among others, discovering treatments to stop or slow the course of diabetic complications is still a current unmet need. METHODS The pathogenesis and development of diabetic neuropathies may be explained by a wide variety of molecular pathways, hexosamine pathways, such as MAPK pathway, PARP pathway, oxidative stress pathway polyol (sorbitol) pathway, cyclooxygenase pathway, and lipoxygenase pathway. Although diabetic neuropathies can be treated symptomatically, there are limited options for treating the underlying cause. RESULT Various pathways and screening models involved in diabetic neuropathies are discussed, along with their possible outcomes. Moreover, both medicinal and non-medical approaches to therapy are also explored. CONCLUSION This study highlights the probable involvement of several processes and pathways in the establishment of diabetic neuropathies and presents in-depth knowledge of new therapeutic approaches intended to stop, delay, or reverse different types of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur 209305, UP, India
| | - Biswajit Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Medical Sciences, ADAMAS University, Kolkata 700 126, West Bengal, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur 209305, UP, India
| | - Prachi Kumari
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur 209305, UP, India
| | - Poonam Joshi
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankita Wal
- Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), Bhauti, Kanpur 209305, UP, India
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Gujju R, Dewanjee S, Singh K, Andugulapati SB, Tirunavalli SK, Jaina VK, Kandimalla R, Misra S, Puvvada N. Carbon Dots' Potential in Wound Healing: Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization and Demonstrating Antibacterial Properties for Accelerated Recovery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4814-4827. [PMID: 37886889 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and persistent inflammation can impede the intrinsic healing process of wounds. To combat this issue, researchers have delved into the potential use of carbon dots (CDs) in the regulation of inflammation and counteract infections. These CDs were synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and have demonstrated outstanding antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, CDs displayed biocompatibility at therapeutic concentrations and the ability to specifically target mitochondria. CD treatment effectively nullified lipopolysaccharide-triggered reactive oxygen species production by macrophages, while simultaneously promoting macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), leading to a reduction in inflammation and an acceleration in wound healing. In vitro scratch assays also revealed that CDs facilitated the tissue-repairing process by stimulating epithelial cell migration during reepithelialization. In vivo studies using CDs topically applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated wounds in C57/BL6 mice demonstrated significant improvements in wound healing due to enhanced fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Crucially, histological investigations showed no indications of systemic toxicity in vital organs. Collectively, the application of CDs has shown immense potential in speeding up the wound-healing process by regulating inflammation, preventing bacterial infections, and promoting tissue repair. These results suggest that further clinical translation of CDs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Gujju
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kamini Singh
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Satya Krishna Tirunavalli
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Jaina
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522237, India
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6
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Roy S, Teron R, Nikku Linga R. PhytoSelectDBT: A database for the molecular models of anti-diabetic targets docked with bioactive peptides from selected ethno-medicinal plants. Bioinformation 2023; 19:908-917. [PMID: 37928486 PMCID: PMC10625370 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to assess the effectiveness of bioactive peptides derived from 41 ethno-medicinal plants, classify them according to their anti-diabetic protein targets (DPP-IV, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, GRK2, GSK3B, GLP-1R, and AdipoR1), and create a web tool named PhytoSelectDBT by using the top seven peptides per target. If one of the target-based medicinal plant suggestions made by PhytoSelectDBT is unsuccessful, alternative target-based possibilities are presented by PhytoSelectDBT for treating the condition and any other related complications. The results provide a useful resource for the management of type 2 diabetes and emphasize the significance of utilising ethnomedical knowledge for the identification of potent anti-diabetic plants and their peptides. We used molecular docking to investigate interactions between anti-diabetic targets (DPP-IV, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, GRK2, GSK3B, GLP-1R, and AdipoR1) and projected bioactive peptides from 41 ethnomedicinal plants. All bioactive peptides were cross-checked against several databases to determine their allergenicity, toxicity, and cross-reactivity. The presence of B and T cell epitopes was also examined in all simulated digested bioactive peptides for reference. This data is archived at the PhytoselectDBT database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Roy
- Department of Life Science, Assam University - Diphu Campus, Diphu, Karbi Anglong, ASSAM - 782 462
| | - Robindra Teron
- North Eastern Institute of Ayurveda and Folk Medicine Research (NEIAFMR) Pasighat, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh - 791102
| | - Raju Nikku Linga
- Department of Life Science, Assam University - Diphu Campus, Diphu, Karbi Anglong, ASSAM - 782 462
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7
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Hu Y, Zhang S, Lou H, Mikaye MS, Xu R, Meng Z, Du M, Tang P, Chen Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Du Z, Zhang Y. Aloe-Emodin Derivative, an Anthraquinone Compound, Attenuates Pyroptosis by Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1275. [PMID: 37765083 PMCID: PMC10536457 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is widely recognized as a major contributing factor to the development of heart failure in patients with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of traditional herbal medicine for alleviating the symptoms of cardiomyopathy. We have chemically designed and synthesized a novel compound called aloe-emodin derivative (AED), which belongs to the aloe-emodin (AE) family of compounds. AED was formed by covalent binding of monomethyl succinate to the anthraquinone mother nucleus of AE using chemical synthesis techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of AED in treating DCM. We induced type 2 diabetes in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by administering a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injections. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, DCM, AED low concentration (50 mg/kg/day), AED high concentration (100 mg/kg/day), AE (100 mg/kg/day), and positive control (glyburide, 2 mg/kg/day) groups. There were eight rats in each group. The rats that attained fasting blood glucose of ˃16.7 mmol/L were considered successful models. We observed significant improvements in cardiac function in the DCM rats with both AED and AE following four weeks of intragastric treatment. However, AED had a more pronounced therapeutic effect on DCM compared to AE. AED exhibited an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory response in the hearts of DCM rats and high-glucose-treated H9C2 cells by suppressing the pyroptosis pathway mediated by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed a significant enrichment in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway compared to the high-glucose group. Furthermore, overexpression of NLRP3 effectively reversed the anti-pyroptosis effects of AED in high-glucose-treated H9C2 cells. This study is the first to demonstrate that AED possesses the ability to inhibit myocardial pyroptosis in DCM. Targeting the pyroptosis pathway mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome could provide a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance our understanding and treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Han Lou
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Monayo Seth Mikaye
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Run Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ziyu Meng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Menghan Du
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Pingping Tang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhouxiu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yongchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU070, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU070, Harbin 150081, China
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin 150086, China
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8
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Lin YY, Lin YK, Lin YH, Chiang CF. Novel compounds of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz) increases collagen, antioxidants, inhibits adipogenesis. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37452702 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2235064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz), is rich in nutrients and contains various bioactive components such as polyphenols and alkaloids. The new compound has a broad application prospect, including food additives, health products, drugs, etc. The purpose of this study was to find out new compounds from Djulis. It was found that 24 compounds including 7 phenols, 11 flavonoids, 4 plant alkaloids, 2 sterols. Among those, TCI-CF-22-S (Methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate), TCI-CF-23-S (Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate), TCI-CF-24-S (Kaempferol-3-O-b-D-apifuranosyl-(1→2)-a-L-arabinopyranoside) were isolated from djulis sources for the first time, and the structures of compounds were assigned by 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy. TCI-CF-01(Caffeic acid), TCI-CF-02 (20-Hydroxyecdysone), TCI-CF-03 (Japonicone), TCI-CF-04 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetiate), TCI-CF-05 (Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside-7-O-rhamnopyranoside), TCI-CF-06 (Guanosine), TCI-CF-07(Adenine), TCI-CF-08 (Coumaric acid) increased collagen production, and TCI-CF-03 (Japonicone), TCI-CF-04 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetiate), TCI-CF-06 (Guanosine), TCI-CF-17 (Rutin), TCI-CF-20 (Protocatechuic acid) decreased advanced glycation end products (AGEs). In addition, TCI-CF-22-S (Methyl 6-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate), TCI-CF-23-S (Methyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate) inhibited the formation of fatty oil droplets. Djulis has 24 compounds that may have various applications, including increasing collagen production and reducing advanced glycation end products and fatty oil droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-You Lin
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kai Lin
- Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Fu Chiang
- Research & Design Center, TCI CO., Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Ghosh N, Chacko L, Bhattacharya H, Vallamkondu J, Nag S, Dey A, Karmakar T, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R, Dewanjee S. Exploring the Complex Relationship between Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications: Understanding Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Promising Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041126. [PMID: 37189744 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular complications are two unmet medical emergencies that can occur together. The rising incidence of heart failure in diabetic populations, in addition to apparent coronary heart disease, ischemia, and hypertension-related complications, has created a more challenging situation. Diabetes, as a predominant cardio-renal metabolic syndrome, is related to severe vascular risk factors, and it underlies various complex pathophysiological pathways at the metabolic and molecular level that progress and converge toward the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). DCM involves several downstream cascades that cause structural and functional alterations of the diabetic heart, such as diastolic dysfunction progressing into systolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and subsequent heart failure over time. The effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in diabetes have shown promising results, including improved contractile bioenergetics and significant cardiovascular benefits. The purpose of this article is to highlight the various pathophysiological, metabolic, and molecular pathways that contribute to the development of DCM and its significant effects on cardiac morphology and functioning. Additionally, this article will discuss the potential therapies that may be available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, Rockville, MD 20850-3173, USA
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), School of Biosciences & Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Tanushree Karmakar
- Dr. B C Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur 713206, India
| | | | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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10
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Yang L, Chen X, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Luo Y, Zheng P, Chen H, Yan H, Huang Z. Effects of protocatechuic acid on antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle fiber transformation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109327. [PMID: 36958419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the increased proportion of type I muscle fibers has the potential to improve muscle atrophy and prevent human metabolic diseases. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), as a kind of anthocyanin metabolite, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory physiological activities. The purpose of this experiment was to use mice and C2C12 myotubes to examine if PCA can induce the transformation of muscle fiber and the mechanisms involved. We found that PCA significantly increased the expression of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC), and markedly decreased the expression of fast MyHC in gastrocnemius muscle of mice and C2C12 myotubes. In addition, PCA also enhanced the antioxidant capacity and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Importantly, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was activated and AMPK inhibitor compound C attenuated the positive effect of PCA on myofiber conversion. To sum up, we revealed that PCA was able to promote the conversion of skeletal muscle fiber from type II to type I through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China.
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11
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Fang X, Guo X, Tang W, Gu Q, Wu Y, Sun H, Gao J. Efficient Toughening of DGEBA with a Bio-Based Protocatechuic Acid Derivative. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9962-9968. [PMID: 36969454 PMCID: PMC10034975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a bio-based epoxy resin, protocatechuic acid diester epoxy resin, (PDEP), was synthesized using protocatechuic acid. The structure and properties of PDEP have been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared. After different contents of PDEP were added to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the modified epoxy resins were cured by 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM). With the addition of a flexible long-chain bio-based monomer to improve toughness, the impact strength was 50 kJ·m-2 with only 5.0 wt % PDEP; compared with pure DGEBA, the impact strength was 27 kJ·m-2. Further, an increase in T g should be confirmed from the mechanical cross-linking density and rigidity group content. The single T g proved the homogeneous phase structure of the PDEP-cured resin. Morphology exhibiting the ductile fracture of the cured resin was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Overall, this work demonstrates the utilization of renewable protocatechuic acid as an effective modifier for epoxy resin, which reflects its potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Fang
- College
of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of
Science and Technology, 13 St. 29, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Tang
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Qun Gu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- College
of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of
Science and Technology, 13 St. 29, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Junfei Gao
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, P. R. China
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12
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Cho J, Jung H, Kang DY, Sp N, Shin W, Lee J, Park BG, Kang YA, Jang KJ, Bae SW. The Skin-Whitening and Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) Derivatives in Melanoma and Fibroblast Cell Lines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2157-2169. [PMID: 36975508 PMCID: PMC10047566 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the most voluminous organ of the human body and is exposed to the outer environment. Such exposed skin suffers from the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, and skin pigmentation. Skin pigmentation occurs in skin aging and is caused by hyper-melanogenesis and oxidative stress. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural secondary metabolite from a plant-based source widely used as a cosmetic ingredient. We chemically designed and synthesized PCA derivatives conjugated with alkyl esters to develop effective chemicals that have skin-whitening and antioxidant effects and enhance the pharmacological activities of PCA. We identified that melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells treated with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is decreased by PCA derivatives. We also found that PCA derivatives effectively have antioxidant effects in HS68 fibroblast cells. In this study, we suggest that our PCA derivatives are potent ingredients for developing cosmetics with skin-whitening and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Cho
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonbi Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wooshik Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhak Lee
- R&D Center, ACTIVON Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28104, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Park
- R&D Center, ACTIVON Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.J.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Se Won Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.J.); (S.W.B.)
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13
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Li L, Ma H, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Xia B, Sberi HA, Elhefny MA, Lokman MS, Kassab RB. Protocatechuic acid reverses myocardial infarction mediated by β-adrenergic agonist via regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic events. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23270. [PMID: 36593721 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is an instant ischemic death of cardiomyocytes that remains a major global cause of mortalities. MI is accompanied by oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic, and fibrotic insults. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a polyphenolic compound with various potent biological activities. In this study, we explored the possible cardioprotective role of PCA against isoproterenol (ISO)-mediated MI. Rats were either injected with ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) or pretreated with PCA (100 or 200 mg/kg, orally). PCA supplementation markedly normalized ISO-induced disturbed cardiac function markers (creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and troponin T). Notably, PCA administration exerted remarkable increases in glutathione and its derived enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, as well as decreases in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the injured cardiac tissue. The molecular findings validated the augmented cellular antioxidative capacity by PCA via increasing the gene expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1. The cardioprotective efficacy of PCA extended to suppress cardiac inflammation as demonstrated by the decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and nuclear factor kappa B. Additionally, PCA prevented cardiomyocyte loss and fibrosis by decreasing Bax, caspase-3, transforming growth factor-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and enhancing B-cell lymphoma 2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-3. The cardiac histological screening further confirmed the PCA's protective action. The obtained data recommend PCA as an alternative therapeutic agent to attenuate the molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations associated with MI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, HenanProvincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, China
| | - Hua Ma
- Department of Vasculocardiology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Yichong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng City, China
| | - Bihua Xia
- The First Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of GuiZhou Medical University, Kaili City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hassan Al Sberi
- Basic Medical Science, Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Elhefny
- Department of Cancer and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Alqunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha S Lokman
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al-Baha University, Almakhwah, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Xiang Y, Huang R, Wang Y, Han S, Qin X, Li Z, Wang X, Han Y, Wang T, Xia B, Wu J, Yang G. Protocatechuic Acid Ameliorates High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200244. [PMID: 36285395 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes and partly results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Therefore, efficient and safe insulin resistance treatment therapies are warranted. This work is aim to access the impact of protocatechuic acid (PCA), a catechol-type O-diphenol phenolic acid, in high fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose, and lipid dysregulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice are fed with HFD for 4 weeks and then are randomly divided into two cohorts: one cohort feed with HFD is free access to sterile water for 4 weeks, another cohort is free access to PCA-containing water (2.7 mM) for 4 weeks with HFD. In this study, using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic mouse clamp, it is showed that PCA-treated mice display improved systemic insulin resistance via enhanced fatty acid mobilization and utilization, thereby reducing ectopic lipid accumulation and promoting hepatic and peripheral insulin action. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights on the potent pharmacological effects of PCA from food sources on improving high fat diet (HFD)-induced whole-body insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Ruolan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Han
- Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China.,Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China.,Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Shaanxi Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, P. R. China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
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15
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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16
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Eze KC, Ugwu CE, Odo FS, Njoku GC. Development and formulation of antidiabetic property of Anarcadium occidantale-based solid lipid microparticles. J Microencapsul 2022; 39:626-637. [PMID: 36398605 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2022.2149967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anacardium occidentale (AO) possesses potent anti-diabetic properties, owing to its high phytochemicals content. This study attempted to maximise the efficacy of AO by encapsulating it in a solid lipid microparticle (SLMs) formulation. Leaves of AO were extracted with water and formulated into SLMs using a lipid matrix composed of P90H and Dika fat. Characterisation of the SLMs include morphology, particle size, pH, encapsulation efficiency percentage, in vitro release and anti-diabetic properties. SLMs were spherical with sizes ranging from 16.7 ± 0.8 µm to 40.12 ± 2.34 µm and had a fairly stable pH over time. Highest drug entrapment was 87%. Batch A2 exhibited an even release of 89%, sustained over time, and a mean percentage reduction in glucose of 25.9% at 12 h after oral administration to study animals. Anacardium occidentale-loaded SLMs exhibited a good hypoglycaemic effect and can be used in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley C Eze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Calister E Ugwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Fimber S Odo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - George C Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Micheal Opara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
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17
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Khouya T, Ramchoun M, Elbouny H, Hmidani A, Bouhlali EDT, Alem C. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl.): Evaluation of nutritional value, polyphenol composition, antidiabetic effect, and toxicity of leaf aqueous extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115473. [PMID: 35718052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) is an evergreen tree native to China, which is introduced in many Mediterranean countries. As in many ancient medical systems, loquat leaves have been used in Moroccan traditional medicine to treat diabetes and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine the nutritional and polyphenol composition and to evaluate the in vivo antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic properties and oral toxicity of a leaf aqueous extract (LLE) derived from loquat grown in Morocco. MATERIALS AND METHODS Energy value and fiber, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, total carbohydrate, sugar, lipid, and protein contents were determined according to international methods committee guidelines. Polyphenol profiling was carried out using the HPLC-DAD method. Mice fed a high-fat and high-glucose (HFG) diet for 10 weeks were used as a model to assess the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of a daily administration of LLE at three different doses (150, 200, 250 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day), in comparison with metformin (50 mg/kg BW/day) and pravastatin (20 mg/kg BW/day). The oral toxicity was determined following OECD 425 Guideline. RESULTS Loquat leaves were found to be rich in fiber, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and sodium), and vitamins (B2, B6, and B12) and lower in energy, sugar, and fat. Ten different phenolic compounds were characterized. Naringenin, procyanidin C1, epicatechin, and rutin were the more abundant compounds in LLE. The administration of the LLE dose-dependently ameliorated hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia in HFG diet-fed mice. The median lethal dose of LLE was higher than 5000 mg/kg BW. CONCLUSIONS Loquat leaves are a potential source of micronutrients and polyphenols with beneficial effects on diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Khouya
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco; Laboratory of Biotechnology & Sustainable Development of Natural Resources, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Beni Mellal, 23000, Morocco.
| | - Hamza Elbouny
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Abdelbassat Hmidani
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Eimad Dine Tariq Bouhlali
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco; National Institute of Agronomic Research Regional Center, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
| | - Chakib Alem
- Biochemistry and Natural Substances Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Moulay Ismail, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco.
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18
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Farag MA, Hariri MLM, Ehab A, Homsi MN, Zhao C, von Bergen M. Cocoa seeds and chocolate products interaction with gut microbiota; mining microbial and functional biomarkers from mechanistic studies, clinical trials and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3122-3138. [PMID: 36190306 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, gut microbiome has evolved as a focal point of interest with growing recognition that a well-balanced gut microbiota is highly relevant to an individual's health status. The present review provides a mechanistic insight on the effects of cocoa chemicals on the gut microbiome and further reveals in silico biomarkers, taxonomic and functional features that distinguish gut microbiome of cocoa consumers and controls by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. The polyphenols in cocoa can change the gut microbiota either by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut such as Clostridium perfringens or by increasing the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gut such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. This paper demonstrates the holistic effect of gut microbiota on cocoa chemicals and how it impacts human health. We present herein the first comprehensive review and analysis of how raw and roasted cocoa and its products can specifically influence gut homeostasis, and likewise, how microbiota metabolizes cocoa chemicals. In addition to that, our 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the flavone and flavonols metabolism, aminobenzoate degradation and fatty acid elongation pathways represent the three most important signatures of microbial functions associated with cocoa consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Louai M Hariri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya Ehab
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Masun Nabhan Homsi
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Albarakati AJA. Protocatechuic acid counteracts oxidative stress and inflammation in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56393-56402. [PMID: 35332456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound found in teas, fruits, and vegetables, is widely recognized with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we verified the protective role of PCA on carrageenan (CGN)-induced paw edema in mice. Forty-five male Swiss albino mice were assigned into five groups: control group, CGN-injected group (1% w/v), PCA (25 mg/kg) + CGN group. PCA (50 mg/kg) + CGN group and diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg) + CGN group. PCA and diclofenac sodium were administered orally for 5 consecutive days prior to the CGN injection. PCA pretreatment notably decreased the volume of the developed edema and alleviated the histopathological alterations induced by carrageenan. Additionally, PCA administration enhanced the cellular antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by the increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione, in addition to the decreased malondialdehyde level in the edematous tissue. Interestingly, PCA administration was able significantly to suppress the developed inflammatory response upon carrageenan injection as indicated by the decreased levels and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase-II, prostaglandin E2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, myeloperoxidase and nuclear factor kappa B. These results collectively confirm the protective effect of PCA against carrageenan-induced paw edema owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Jameel A Albarakati
- Surgery Department, College of Medicine, Al-Qunfudah Branch, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Manna P, Dewanjee S, Joardar S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Bhanja S, Bhattacharyya C, Bhowmik M, Bhowmick S, Saha A, Das J, Sil PC. Carnosic acid attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and its concomitant pathological consequences. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113205. [PMID: 35675861 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to reveal the protective mechanism of CA against Dox (doxorubicin)-induced cardiotoxicity. In isolated murine cardiomyocytes, CA showed a concentration-dependent cytoprotective effect against Dox. Dox treatment significantly (p < 0.01) increased the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased NO levels, activated NADPH oxidase, and inactivated the cellular redox defense mechanism in cardiac cells, resulting in augmented oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and rat hearts. Dox-induced oxidative stress significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated several pathogenic signal transductions, which induced apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes and murine hearts. In contrast, CA significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reciprocated Dox-induced cardiac apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress and interfering with pathological signaling events in both isolated murine cardiomyocytes and rat hearts. CA treatment significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) countered Dox-mediated pathological changes in blood parameters in rats. Histological examinations backed up the pharmacological findings. In silico chemometric investigations predicted potential interactions between CA and studied signal proteins, as well as the drug-like features of CA. Thus, it would be concluded that CA has the potential to be regarded as an effective agent to alleviate Dox-mediated cardiotoxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Manna
- Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shrestha Bhanja
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Chiranjib Bhattacharyya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Manas Bhowmik
- Advanced Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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Rochín-Hernández LS, Rochín-Hernández LJ, Flores-Cotera LB. Endophytes, a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds to Curtail the Formation–Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144469. [PMID: 35889349 PMCID: PMC9322667 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, microorganisms that live in the internal tissues and organs of the plants, are known to produce numerous bioactive compounds, including, at times, some phytochemicals of their host plant. For such reason, endophytes have been quoted as a potential source for discovering bioactive compounds, particularly, of medical interest. Currently, many non-communicable diseases are threatening global human health, noticeably: diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other ailment related to chronic inflammation and ageing. Intriguingly, the pathogenesis and development of these diseases have been linked to an excessive formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds that can alter the conformation, function, and lifetime of proteins. Therefore, compounds that prevent the formation and consequent accumulation of AGEs (AntiAGEs compounds) could be useful to delay the progress of some chronic diseases, and/or harmful effects of undue AGEs accumulation. Despite the remarkable ability of endophytes to produce bioactive compounds, most of the natural antiAGEs compounds reported in the literature are derived from plants. Accordingly, this work covers 26 plant antiAGEs compounds and some derivatives that have been reported as endophytic metabolites, and discusses the importance, possible advantages, and challenges of using endophytes as a potential source of antiAGEs compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lory Sthephany Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Lory Jhenifer Rochín-Hernández
- Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Luis Bernardo Flores-Cotera
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-13499526
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22
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Chemical constituents of the fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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The Use of Bioactive Compounds in Hyperglycemia- and Amyloid Fibrils-Induced Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020235. [PMID: 35213966 PMCID: PMC8879577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that defective insulin signaling may increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), influence neurodegeneration through promotion of amyloid formation or by increasing inflammatory responses to intraneuronal β-amyloid. Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia is linked to cognitive decline, with elevated levels of glucose causing oxidative stress in vulnerable tissues such as the brain. The ability of β-amyloid peptide to form β-sheet-rich aggregates and induce apoptosis has made amyloid fibrils a leading target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies used in managing and treatment of neuropathological conditions such as AD-related cognitive decline. Additionally, deposits of β-sheets folded amylin, a glucose homeostasis regulator, are also present in diabetic patients. Thus, therapeutic compounds capable of reducing intracellular protein aggregation in models of neurodegenerative disorders may prove useful in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms. Furthermore, both diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as AD, are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses accompanied by the presence of dysregulated inflammatory biomarkers. This review presents current evidence describing the role of various small bioactive molecules known to ameliorate amyloidosis and subsequent effects in prevention and development of diabetes and AD. It also highlights the potential efficacy of peptide–drug conjugates capable of targeting intracellular targets.
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Wang Q, Wang J, Li N, Liu J, Zhou J, Zhuang P, Chen H. A Systematic Review of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020444. [PMID: 35056765 PMCID: PMC8781015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes and chronic renal failure in southern China, Malaysia, and Thailand. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and the number of diabetic patients in the world is increasing. This review aimed to systematically review the effects of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and the pharmacodynamic material basis. (2) Methods: This systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), using the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. (3) Results: Thirty-one articles related to O. stamineus and diabetes were included. The mechanisms of O. stamineus in the treatment of diabetes and its complications mainly included inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, regulating lipid metabolism, promoting insulin secretion, ameliorating insulin resistance, increasing glucose uptake, promoting glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, promoting glucagon-likepeptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and antiglycation activity. Phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpenoids might be the main components for hypoglycemia effects in O. stamineus. (4) Conclusion: O. stamineus could be an antidiabetic agent to treat diabetes and its complications. However, it needs further study on a pharmacodynamic substance basis and the mechanisms of effective constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirou Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Nannan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingna Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.W.); (J.W.); (N.L.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-22-2740-1483
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25
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Syringic Acid Attenuates Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2021:5018092. [PMID: 34993484 PMCID: PMC8727109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5018092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) has become one of the serious complications in diabetic cases. In this study, we aimed to explore the syringic acid (SYR) protective effect against diabetes-induced cardiac injury in experimental rats. Methods Rats were divided in control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which were subdivided into diabetic controls, and three test groups (SYR at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and the nondiabetic group received 100 mg/kg of SYR. All treatments were given SYR for 6 weeks. SYR effects on cardiac diagnostic markers, heart lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, antioxidant system, and changes of the heart mitochondrial mass and biogenesis were measured. Results Diabetes induction prompted CK-MB, LDH levels in serum, cardiac catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as cardiac TBARs and carbonylated protein. SYR administration (100 m/kg) attenuated CK-MB and LDH levels. Also, 50 and 100 mg/kg of SYR reduced cardiac TBARs and carbonylated protein in diabetic rats. These treatments did not show any effects on GSH content, mtDNA, and mitochondrial biogenesis indices (PGC1- α, NRF1, NRF2, and TFAM) in heart tissue. Conclusions SYR treatment showed protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats by reducing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. The possible mechanisms could be related to antioxidant activity of this phenolic acid. SYR might play a role of a protective factor in cardiac challenges in diabetes.
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Balkrishna A, Gohel V, Pathak N, Tomer M, Rawat M, Dev R, Varshney A. Anti-hyperglycemic contours of Madhugrit are robustly translated in the Caenorhabditis elegans model of lipid accumulation by regulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1064532. [PMID: 36545334 PMCID: PMC9762483 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1064532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes has considerably increased in recent years. In the long run, use of dual therapy of anti-diabetic agents becomes mandatory to attain euglycemia. Also, the incidences of diabetes-related co-morbidities have warranted the search for new therapeutic approaches for the management of the disease. Traditional herbo-mineral, anti-diabetic agents like Madhugrit are often prescribed to mitigate diabetes and related complications. The present study aimed to thoroughly characterize the pharmacological applications of Madhugrit. METHODS Phytometabolite characterization of Madhugrit was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. Evaluation of cell viability, α-amylase inhibition, glucose uptake, inflammation, and wound healing was performed by in vitro model systems using AR42J, L6, THP1, HaCaT cells, and reporter cell lines namely NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The formation of advanced glycation end products was determined by cell-free assay. In addition, the therapeutic potential of Madhugrit was also analyzed in the in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Parameters like brood size, % curling, glucose and triglyceride accumulation, lipid deposition, ROS generation, and lipid peroxidation were determined under hyperglycemic conditions induced by the addition of supraphysiological glucose levels. RESULTS Madhugrit treatment significantly reduced the α-amylase release, enhanced glucose uptake, decreased AGEs formation, reduced differentiation of monocyte to macrophage, lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and enhanced wound healing in the in vitro hyperglycemic (glucose; 25 mM) conditions. In C. elegans stimulated with 100 mM glucose, Madhugrit (30 µg/ml) treatment normalized brood size, reduced curling behavior, decreased accumulation of glucose, triglycerides, and lowered oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Madhugrit showed multimodal approaches in combating hyperglycemia and related complications due to the presence of anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, wound healing, and lipid-lowering phytoconstituents in its arsenal. The study warrants the translational use of Madhugrit as an effective medicine for diabetes and associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishit Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Malini Rawat
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishabh Dev
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Anurag Varshney,
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27
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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28
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Alsharif KF, Almalki AA, Alsanie WF, Alzahrani KJ, Kabrah SM, Elshopakey GE, Alghamdi AAA, Lokman MS, Sberi HA, Bauomy AA, Albrakati A, Ramadan SS, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE, Salem FEH. Protocatechuic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced septic lung injury in mice: The possible role through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13915. [PMID: 34472624 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the protective efficacy of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic lung injury. Eighty-two male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: control, PCA30 (30 mg/kg), LPS (10 mg/kg), PCA10-LPS, PCA20-LPS, and PCA30-LPS treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg PCA, respectively, for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS injection. PCA pre-treatment, especially at higher dose, significantly reduced LPS-induced lung tissue injury as indicated by increased heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant molecules (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) accompanied by lower oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide). PCA administration decreased inflammatory mediators including myeloperoxidase, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB p65), and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevented the development of apoptotic events in the lung tissue. At the molecular level, PCA downregulated mRNA expression of nitric oxide synthase 2, C/EBP homologous protein, and high mobility group box1 in the lungs of all PCA-LPS treated mice. Thus, PCA-pre-treatment effectively counteracted sepsis-induced acute lung injury in vivo by promoting and antioxidant status, while inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Sepsis-mediated organ dysfunction and high mortality is aggravated by acute lung injury (ALI). Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are needed to encounter sepsis-mediated ALI. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a naturally occurring phenolic acid with various biological and pharmacological activities. PCA is abundant in edible plants including Allium cepa L., Oryza sativa L., Hibiscus sabdariffa, Prunus domestica L., and Eucommia ulmoides. In this investigation we studied the potential protective role of pure PCA (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) on LPS-mediated septic lung injury in mice through examining oxidative challenge, inflammatory response, apoptotic events and histopathological changes in addition to evaluating the levels and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70, C/EBP homologous protein and high mobility group box1 in the lung tissue. The recorded results showed that PCA pre-administration was able to significantly abrogate the damages in the lung tissue associated septic response. This protective effect comes from its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities, suggesting that PCA may be applied to alleviate ALI associated with the development of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa F Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Kabrah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm AlQura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehad E Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Maha S Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Al Sberi
- Basic Medical Science, Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira A Bauomy
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, ArRass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa S Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Elzahraa H Salem
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Singh RK, Kumar S, Tomar MS, Verma PK, Kumar A, Kumar S, Kumar N, Singh JP, Acharya A. Putative role of natural products as Protein Kinase C modulator in different disease conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:397-414. [PMID: 34216003 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinase C (PKC) is a promising drug target for various therapeutic areas. Natural products derived from plants, animals, microorganisms, and marine organisms have been used by humans as medicine from prehistoric times. Recently, several compounds derived from plants have been found to modulate PKC activities through competitive binding with ATP binding site, and other allosteric regions of PKC. As a result fresh race has been started in academia and pharmaceutical companies to develop an effective naturally derived small-molecule inhibitor to target PKC activities. Herein, in this review, we have discussed several natural products and their derivatives, which are reported to have an impact on PKC signaling cascade. METHODS All information presented in this review article regarding the regulation of PKC by natural products has been acquired by a systematic search of various electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of science, ResearchGate, and PubMed. The keywords PKC, natural products, curcumin, rottlerin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, ingenol 3 angelate, resveratrol, protocatechuic acid, tannic acid, PKC modulators from marine organism, bryostatin, staurosporine, midostaurin, sangivamycin, and other relevant key words were explored. RESULTS The natural products and their derivatives including curcumin, rottlerin, quercetin, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, ingenol 3 angelate, resveratrol, bryostatin, staurosporine, and midostaurin play a major role in the management of PKC activity during various disease progression. CONCLUSION Based on the comprehensive literature survey, it could be concluded that various natural products can regulate PKC activity during disease progression. However, extensive research is needed to circumvent the challenge of isoform specific regulation of PKC by natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kant Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Munendra Singh Tomar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Jai Prakash Singh
- Department of Panchkarma, Institute of Medical Science, BHU, Varanasi, India, 221005
| | - Arbind Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, John A, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Autophagy in the diabetic heart: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101338. [PMID: 33838320 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Association of diabetes with an elevated risk of cardiac failure has been clinically evident. Diabetes potentiates diastolic and systolic cardiac failure following the myocardial infarction that produces the cardiac muscle-specific microvascular complication, clinically termed as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Elevated susceptibility of diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily caused by the generation of free radicals in the hyperglycemic milieu, compromising the myocardial contractility and normal cardiac functions with increasing redox insult, impaired mitochondria, damaged organelles, apoptosis, and cardiomyocytes fibrosis. Autophagy is essentially involved in the recycling/clearing the damaged organelles, cytoplasmic contents, and aggregates, which are frequently produced in cardiomyocytes. Although autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis in diligent cardiac tissues, this process is frequently impaired in the diabetic heart. Given its clinical significance, accumulating evidence largely showed the functional aspects of autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy, elucidating its intricate protective and pathogenic outcomes. However, etiology and molecular readouts of these contrary autophagy activities in diabetic cardiomyopathy are not yet comprehensively assessed and translated. In this review, we attempted to assess the role of autophagy and its adaptations in the diabetic heart. To delineate the molecular consequences of these events, we provided detailed insights into the autophagy regulation pieces of machinery including the mTOR/AMPK, TFEB/ZNSCAN3, FOXOs, SIRTs, PINK1/Parkin, Nrf2, miRNAs, and others in the diabetic cardiomyopathy. Given the clinical significance of autophagy in the diabetic heart, we further discussed the potential pharmacotherapeutic strategies towards targeting autophagy. Taken together, the present report meticulously assessed autophagy, its adaptations, and molecular regulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy and reviewed the current autophagy-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, 506007, Telangana, India; Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50000, Telangana, India.
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31
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Nour OA, Ghoniem HA, Nader MA, Suddek GM. Impact of protocatechuic acid on high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome sequelae in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174257. [PMID: 34129881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the possible protective impact of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (Mets) sequelae in rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly grouped as follows: CTR group; PCA group; HFD group; HFD-PCA group and HFD-MET group. Rats were fed on standard diet or HFD for 14 weeks. HFD-fed rats exhibited significant decreases in food intake and adiponectin (ADP) level; yet, body weight and anthropometrical parameters were significantly increased. Moreover, insulin sensitivity was impaired as indicated by significant elevation in glucose AUC during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting serum glucose, fasting serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Furthermore, chronic HFD feeding elicited significant increases in serum lipid profile and free fatty acids (FFAs) with concomitant hepatic steatosis. Additionally, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1b (Il-1b) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1) levels were increased. Also, HFD-fed rats exhibited an increase in MDA level, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities were decreased. Moreover, the insulin-signaling pathway was markedly impaired in soleus muscles as indicated by a decrease in insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. Histopathologically, adipose tissues showed significant increase in adipocyte size. Also, flow cytometry analysis of adipose tissue confirmed a significant increase in the percentage of number of CD68+ cells. PCA administration succeeded to attenuate HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, PCA administration could protect against HFD-induced Mets, possibly via its hypoglycemic, insulin-sensitizing, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia A Nour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy A Ghoniem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, Chakraborty P, Gangopadhyay M, Sahu R, Medala V, John A, Reddy PH, De Feo V, Kandimalla R. The Emerging Role of HDACs: Pathology and Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2021; 10:1340. [PMID: 34071497 PMCID: PMC8228721 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the principal manifestations of metabolic syndrome and its prevalence with modern lifestyle is increasing incessantly. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce several vascular complications that were referred to be the major cause of morbidity and mortality in DM. Although several therapeutic targets have been identified and accessed clinically, the imminent risk of DM and its prevalence are still ascending. Substantial pieces of evidence revealed that histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms can regulate various molecular activities in DM via epigenetic and post-translational regulation of several transcription factors. To date, 18 HDAC isoforms have been identified in mammals that were categorized into four different classes. Classes I, II, and IV are regarded as classical HDACs, which operate through a Zn-based mechanism. In contrast, class III HDACs or Sirtuins depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) for their molecular activity. Functionally, most of the HDAC isoforms can regulate β cell fate, insulin release, insulin expression and signaling, and glucose metabolism. Moreover, the roles of HDAC members have been implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and other pathological events, which substantially contribute to diabetes-related vascular dysfunctions. Therefore, HDACs could serve as the potential therapeutic target in DM towards developing novel intervention strategies. This review sheds light on the emerging role of HDACs/isoforms in diabetic pathophysiology and emphasized the scope of their targeting in DM for constituting novel interventional strategies for metabolic disorders/complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India;
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, ADAMAS University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India;
| | - Ranabir Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal, India;
| | - Vijaykrishna Medala
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.J.); (P.H.R.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal 506007, Telangana, India
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Abdelmageed ME, Shehatou GSG, Suddek GM, Salem HA. Protocatechuic acid improves hepatic insulin resistance and restores vascular oxidative status in type-2 diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103577. [PMID: 33383195 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work explored influences of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated hepatic insulin resistance and other metabolic, hepatic and vascular irregularities using the rat model of high fat diet (HFD)+high fructose+low dose streptozotocin (STZ). Twenty-four male Wister rats were used. Twelve rats were ad libitum supplied with HFD and high fructose drinking water (25 % w/v) for 60 days. On day 30, they received a single injection of STZ (35 mg/kg, i.p). On day 32, they were divided into two subgroups (n = 6/each): T2D + PCA, received PCA (100 mg/kg/day, orally) and T2D, received PCA vehicle till the end of experiment. Rats provided with regular diet and fructose-free drinking water, with or without PCA treatment, served as PCA and control groups (n = 6/each), respectively. PCA treatment significantly reduced the elevated levels of fasting glycemia and insulin, AUCOGTT, AUCITT, and HOMA-IR index, while it boosted HOMA-β and insulinogenic index values in T2D rats. PCA ameliorated serum lipid levels and hepatic function parameters and mitigated hepatosteatosis in T2D rats. Mechanistically, PCA mitigated hepatic lipid peroxidation and restored reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to near-normal levels. Moreover, PCA enhanced hepatic protein levels of P-AKTser473 and hepatic mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-p85 and AKT2. Furthermore, PCA ameliorated aortic oxidative stress in T2D rats, possibly via reducing serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and diminishing vascular expression of RAGE and NOX4 mRNA. Collectively, PCA may improve hepatic insulin resistance and vascular oxidative status by modulating IRS1/PI3K/AKT2 and AGE-RAGE-NOX4 pathways, respectively.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood
- Hydroxybenzoates/pharmacology
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/genetics
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Egypt.
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Xiao G, Zhang M, Peng X, Jiang G. Protocatechuic acid attenuates cerebral aneurysm formation and progression by inhibiting TNF-alpha/Nrf-2/NF-kB-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in experimental rats. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:128-141. [PMID: 33817305 PMCID: PMC7968537 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current research aims to examine whether protocatechuic acid (PCA) can be used as a therapeutic agent for the development of cerebral aneurysm (CA) and to elucidate the mechanisms behind this. We assessed the effects of PCA at 50 and 100 mg/kg on the activation of signaling pathways for tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α/nuclear factor (NF)-κB/nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf-2) on progression and development in an elastase-induced CA model, accompanied by a high-salt diet to induce hypertension. The expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins (IL)-8, IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed by ELISA, western blot, and reverse transcriptase quantative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and translocation of Nrf-2 were also determined. The group treated with PCA demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the aneurysmal size in rats compared to the CA-induced group. We found that PCA treatment suppressed the invasion of macrophage and activation of TNF-α/NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. We found that PCA treatment exerts protective effects by suppressing the development and progression of CA through the inhibition of inflammatory responses in macrophages via TNF-α/NF-κB/Nrf-2 signaling pathways, thus demonstrating that PCA can act as a treatment for CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi 7 Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi 7 Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 6 Panxi 7 Branch Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing 400021, People’s Republic of China
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Ya F, Li K, Chen H, Tian Z, Fan D, Shi Y, Song F, Xu X, Ling W, Adili R, Yang Y. Protocatechuic Acid Protects Platelets from Apoptosis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling. Thromb Haemost 2021; 121:931-943. [PMID: 33545736 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in initiating platelet apoptosis that facilitates the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g), exerts cardioprotective effects. However, underlying mechanisms responsible for such effects remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of PCA on platelet apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Isolated human platelets were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis with or without pretreatment with PCA. We found that PCA dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced platelet apoptosis by decreasing the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and decreasing phosphatidylserine exposure. Additionally, the distributions of Bax, Bcl-xL, and cytochrome c mediated by H2O2 in the mitochondria and the cytosol were also modulated by PCA treatment. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of PCA on platelet caspase-3 cleavage and phosphatidylserine exposure were mainly mediated by downregulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Furthermore, PCA dose-dependently decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in platelets in response to H2O2. N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly abolished H2O2-stimulated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling, caspase-3 activation, and phosphatidylserine exposure. The combination of NAC and PCA did not show significant additive inhibitory effects on PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling and platelet apoptosis. Thus, our results suggest that PCA protects platelets from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through downregulating ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling, which may be responsible for cardioprotective roles of PCA in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Ya
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kongyao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zezhong Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Die Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yilin Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Northern Campus), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fenglin Song
- Department of Food Safety, School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Renal Division, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Northern Campus), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Reheman Adili
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Shabab S, Gholamnezhad Z, Mahmoudabady M. Protective effects of medicinal plant against diabetes induced cardiac disorder: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113328. [PMID: 32871233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Nowadays, there is an increase in global tendency to use medicinal plants as preventive and therapeutic agents to manage diabetes and its long-term complications such as cardiovascular disorders owing to their availability and valuable traditional background. AIM OF STUDY This review aims to introduce common medicinal plants, which have been demonstrated to have cardioprotective effects on diabetes and their mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online literature databases, including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched without date limitation by May 2020. The following keywords (natural products or medicinal plants or herbal medicine or herb or extract) and (diabetes or antidiabetic or hyperglycemic) and (cardiomyopathy or heart or cardioprotective or cardiac or cardio) were used, and after excluding non-relevant articles, 81 original English articles were selected. RESULTS The surveyed medicinal plants induced cardioprotective effects mostly through increasing antioxidant effects leading to attenuating ROS production as well as by inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways and related cytokines. Moreover, they ameliorated the Na+/K + ATPase pump, the L-type Ca2+ channel current, and the intracellular ATP. They also reduced cardiac remodeling and myocardial cell apoptosis through degradation of caspase-3, Bax, P53 protein, enhancement of Bcl-2 protein expression as well as downregulation of TGFβ1 and TNFα expression. In addition, the extracts improved cardiac function through increasing EF% and FS% as well as restoring hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed medicinal plants demonstrated cardioprotective manifestations in diabetes through intervention with mechanisms involved in the diabetic heart to restore cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholamnezhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudabady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Myricitrin, a Glycosyloxyflavone in Myrica esculenta Bark Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy via Improving Glycemic Status, Reducing Oxidative Stress, and Suppressing Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020258. [PMID: 33419120 PMCID: PMC7825565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of myricitrin (Myr), a glycosyloxyflavone extracted from Myrica esculenta bark, against diabetic nephropathy. Myr exhibited a significant hypoglycemic effect in high fat-fed and a single low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Myr was found to improve glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle via activating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Myr significantly attenuated high glucose (HG)-induced toxicity in NRK cells and in the kidneys of T2D rats. In this study, hyperglycemia caused nephrotoxicity via endorsing oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in the induction of apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammatory damages. Myr was found to attenuate oxidative stress via scavenging/neutralizing oxidative radicals and improving endogenous redox defense through Nrf-2 activation in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Myr was also found to attenuate diabetes-triggered renal inflammation via suppressing NF-κB activation. Myr inhibited hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in renal cells evidenced by the changes in the expressions of the apoptotic and fibrotic factors. The molecular docking predicted the interactions between Myr and different signal proteins. An in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) study predicted the drug-likeness character of Myr. Results suggested the possibility of Myr to be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetic nephropathy in the future.
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Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Onikanni SA, Osukoya OA, Lawal OE, Bamisaye FA. Sterculia tragacantha Lindl Aqueous Leaf Extract Ameliorate Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats via Urotensin II and FABP3 Expressions. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1805-1814. [PMID: 34866110 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterculia tragacantha (ST) Lindl leaf is commonly used locally in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. This study was aimed at assessing the valuable effects of ST leaf on streptozotocin-diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental animals to induce DM, and hence, placed on different doses of ST for 14 days. Thereafter, on the 15th day of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and a number of cardiomyopathy indices were investigated. The diabetic rats exhibited a momentous increase in hyperlipidemia, lipid peroxidation as well as a significant (p < 0.05) decline in antioxidant enzyme activities. The serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), cardiac troponin I, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and urotensin II expression revealed a significant (p < 0.05) upsurge in diabetic rats. Also, the expression of GLUT4 and fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in diabetic rats. However, at the conclusion of the experimental trial ST significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress biomarkers by augmenting the antioxidant enzyme activities and decrease in lipid peroxidation, ameliorated CK-MB, CRP, cardiac troponin I, TNF-α, and urotensin-II levels, and improved GLUT4 and FABP3 expressions. Similarly, the administration of ST prevented histological alterations in the heart of diabetic animals. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that ST could mitigate DCM in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University
| | - Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand
| | - Sunday Amos Onikanni
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University
| | - Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University
| | - Olaolu Ebenezer Lawal
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti
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LI L, LIU S, TANG H, SONG S, LU L, ZHANG P, LI X. Effects of protocatechuic acid on ameliorating lipid profiles and cardio-protection against coronary artery disease in high fat and fructose diet fed in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1387-1394. [PMID: 32669485 PMCID: PMC7538333 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A coronary heart disease leads to increase in obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro protective activities was found efficient as cardio-protective in coronary heart disease. Our study investigated hypolipidemic and cardioprotective effects of protocatechuic acid in the coronary artery disease induced by high fat and fructose diet (HFD) rat models. A diet rich in fat and fructose was fed to male Wistar rats prior to the start of experimental procedures. Serum lipid levels and hepatic triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were examined and analyzed. Both in vitro an in vivo pancreatic lipase activity was determined as well. Histopathological examination was performed and their results were noted. Noteworthy reduction of serum lipid levels and hepatic TG and TC levels was seen in groups treated with simvastatin (SIM; 20 mg/kg) and PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg) in comparison to HFD groups. Pancreatic lipase activity was reduced in the SIM group and the group treated with doses of PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg). A marked increase in gain in body weight per week (P<0.05) was achieved in HFD group. Coronary risk index (CRI) and Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) showed decreased index values after treatments with SIM and PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg), respectively. Our findings confirmed the efficacious cardio-protective and hypolipidaemic activities of protocatechuic acid in coronary artery disease induced in rats with fat and fructose rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang LI
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Qinghai Province
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810012,
China
| | - Shuo LIU
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hanbo TANG
- Cardiovascular Center of Gansu Provincial Maternity and
Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shiqiu SONG
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital,
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Lin LU
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Qinghai Province
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810012,
China
| | - Peng ZHANG
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital,
Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaoling LI
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Qinghai Province
Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810012,
China
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Barakat AZ, Bassuiny RI, Abdel-Aty AM, Mohamed SA. Diabetic complications and oxidative stress: The role of phenolic-rich extracts of saw palmetto and date palm seeds. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13416. [PMID: 32885876 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that the date palm seed (DP) and saw palmetto seed (SP) extracts possessed a great amount of phenolic contents with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of DP and SP phenolic-rich extracts in modulating diabetic complications and oxidative stress in the STZ- diabetic rat. DP and SP extracts significantly inhibited both microbial and pancreatic α-amylases. The STZ-induced diabetic rat groups treated with DP and SP extracts exhibited reversed hyperglycemia (40% and 54%, p < .001-.01) and body weight (70%, p < .001) alteration close to normal. Moreover, DP and SP extracts modulated serious damages in the structures of the pancreas, kidney, and liver of diabetic rats. DP and SP extracts improved the decline of the activities of antioxidant enzymes: Catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase in liver, kidney, and pancreas of the diabetic rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Generally, date seed is a rich source of dietary fibers, polyphenols, and antioxidants and used in foods and pharmaceuticals. Our study reported that date palm seed (DP) and saw palmetto seed (SP) phenolic-rich extracts attenuated diabetes and its complications, probably tissue regeneration and normalizing the oxidative stress in the STZ-induced diabetic rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Z Barakat
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roqaya I Bassuiny
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza M Abdel-Aty
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
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Sun R, Kang X, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Wang R, Fu R, Li Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Shan W, Zhou J, Tian X, Yao J. Sirtuin 3-mediated deacetylation of acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 by protocatechuic acid attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4166-4180. [PMID: 32520409 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hepatic fatty acid metabolism disorder, a key pathogenic mechanism underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with the hyperacetylation of mitochondrial enzymes. Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3), which is involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism, was predicted to contain lysine acetylation sites related to the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism by which SIRT3 deacetylates ACSF3 in NAFLD and the protective effect of the natural phenolic compound protocatechuic acid (PCA) against fatty acid metabolism disorder via the SIRT3/ACSF3 pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The role of protocatechuic acid and its molecular mechanism in NAFLD were detected in rats and SIRT3-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and in AML-12 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA). KEY RESULTS Pharmacological treatment with protocatechuic acid significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced fatty acid metabolism disorder in NAFLD. Molecular docking assays showed that protocatechuic acid specifically bound SIRT3 as a substrate and increased SIRT3 protein expression. However, the protective role of protocatechuic acid was abolished by SIRT3 knockdown, which increased ACSF3 expression and exacerbated fatty acid metabolism disorder. Mechanistically, SIRT3 was shown to specifically regulate the acetylation and degradation of ACSF3, which govern the capacity of ACSF3 to mediate fatty acid metabolism disorder during NAFLD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SIRT3-mediated ACSF3 deacetylation is a novel molecular mechanism in NAFLD therapy and protocatechuic acid confers protection against high-fat diet- and palmitic acid-induced hepatic fatty acid metabolism disorder through the SIRT3/ACSF3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruiwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhecheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Song J, He Y, Luo C, Feng B, Ran F, Xu H, Ci Z, Xu R, Han L, Zhang D. New progress in the pharmacology of protocatechuic acid: A compound ingested in daily foods and herbs frequently and heavily. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105109. [PMID: 32738494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid is a natural phenolic acid, which widely exists in our daily diet and herbs. It is also one of the main metabolites of complex polyphenols, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanins. In recent years, a large number of studies on the pharmacological activities of protocatechuic acid have emerged. Protocatechuic acid has a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antiosteoporotic, analgesia, antiaging activties; protection from metabolic syndrome; and preservation of liver, kidneys, and reproductive functions. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the absorption and elimination rate of protocatechuic acid are faster, with glucuronidation and sulfation being the major metabolic pathways. However, protocatechuic acid displays a dual-directional regulatory effect on some pharmacological activities. When the concentration is very high, it can inhibit cell proliferation and reduce survival rate. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of protocatechuic acid with emphasis on its pharmacological activities discovered in recent 5 years, so as to provide more up-to-date and thorough information for the preclinical and clinical research of protocatechuic acid in the future. Moreover, it is hoped that the clinical application of protocatechuic acid can be broadened, giving full play to its characteristics of rich sources, low toxicity and wide pharmacological activites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Song
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Yanan He
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Chuanhong Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Bi Feng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Ran
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hong Xu
- Chengdu Yongkang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ci
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Runchun Xu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Li Han
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Effect of Quamoclit angulata Extract Supplementation on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation on Hyperglycemia-Induced Renal Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060459. [PMID: 32471242 PMCID: PMC7346142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by abnormalities of controlling blood glucose and insulin homeostasis. Especially, hyperglycemia causes hyper-inflammation through activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which can lead to cell apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Quamoclit angulata (QA), one of the annual winders, has been shown ameliorative effects on diabetes. The current study investigated whether the QA extract (QAE) attenuated hyperglycemia-induced renal inflammation related to NLRP inflammasome and oxidative stress in high fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice. After T2DM was induced, the mice were treated with QAE (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 12 weeks. The QAE supplementation reduced homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), kidney malfunction, and glomerular hypertrophy in T2DM. Moreover, the QAE treatment significantly attenuated renal NLRP3 inflammasome dependent hyper-inflammation and consequential renal damage caused by oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis in T2DM. Furthermore, QAE normalized aberrant energy metabolism (downregulation of p-AMPK, sirtuin (SIRT)-1, and PPARγ-coactivator α (PGC-1 α)) in T2DM mice. Taken together, the results suggested that QAE as a natural product has ameliorative effects on renal damage by regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in T2DM.
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Kirchert S, Morlock GE. Orthogonal Hyphenation of Planar and Liquid Chromatography for Mass Spectrometry of Biomarkers out of the Bioassay Matrix (NP-HPTLC-UV/vis/FLD-Bioassay-RP/IEX-HPLC-UV/vis-ESI-MS). Anal Chem 2020; 92:9057-9064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kirchert
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Mukherjee B, De Feo V. Plant-Based Antidiabetic Nanoformulations: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2217. [PMID: 32210082 PMCID: PMC7139625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening metabolic syndrome. Over the past few decades, the incidence of diabetes has climbed exponentially. Several therapeutic approaches have been undertaken, but the occurrence and risk still remain unabated. Several plant-derived small molecules have been proposed to be effective against diabetes and associated vascular complications via acting on several therapeutic targets. In addition, the biocompatibility of these phytochemicals increasingly enhances the interest of exploiting them as therapeutic negotiators. However, poor pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical attributes of these phytochemicals largely restrict their clinical usefulness as therapeutic agents. Several pharmaceutical attempts have been undertaken to enhance their compliance and therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, the application of nanotechnology has been proven to be the best approach to improve the compliance and clinical efficacy by overturning the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical obstacles associated with the plant-derived antidiabetic agents. This review gives a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the nanoformulations of phytochemicals in the management of diabetes and associated complications. The effects of nanosizing on pharmacokinetic, biopharmaceutical and therapeutic profiles of plant-derived small molecules, such as curcumin, resveratrol, naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, berberine, gymnemic acid, emodin, scutellarin, catechins, thymoquinone, ferulic acid, stevioside, and others have been discussed comprehensively in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Zhang T, Liu C, Ma S, Gao Y, Wang R. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Action of Rosmarinic Acid on Radiation-Induced Parotid Gland Injury in Rats. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820907782. [PMID: 32127788 PMCID: PMC7036515 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820907782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The parotid glands are damaged by oxidative stress and a series of
pathophysiological changes after irradiation. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural
antioxidant that provides a radioprotective effect against harmful damage from
ionizing radiation. The present study aims to explore the protective effects of
RA on radiation-induced parotid gland injury and its underlying mechanism.
Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with 15 Gy X-ray and treated with different
concentrations of RA (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) or amifostine (AMI, 250 mg/kg).
Saliva secretion function, oxidative stress, apoptosis, the inflammatory
response, and fibrosis were determined by the measurement of the salivary flow
rate, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transferase-mediated DUTP Nick end
labeling, Western blot, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and
hematoxylin and eosin staining. Here, we show that RA treatment significantly
attenuated reactive oxygen species by a direct hindrance effect and the indirect
activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator
1-alpha/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 signaling.
Rosmarinic acid not only reduced apoptosis by inhibiting p53/jun N-terminal
kinase activation but also reduced parotid gland tissue fibrosis by
downregulating inflammatory factor levels. Compared to AMI, RA has the obvious
advantages of late efficacy and convenient usage. Moreover, 60 mg/kg is the
minimum effective dose of RA. Therefore, RA can potentially be applied as a
therapeutic radioprotective agent to treat radiation-induced parotid gland
injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yirong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Rensheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Morales-Prieto N, Huertas-Abril PV, López de Lerma N, Pacheco IL, Pérez J, Peinado R, Abril N. Pedro Ximenez sun-dried grape must: a dietary supplement for a healthy longevity. Food Funct 2020; 11:4387-4402. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sun-dried Pedro Ximénez white grapes must (PXM) is a potent antioxidant that regularizes apoptosis, proliferation, and regeneration of the structure and the function of aged mice liver. PXM consumption contributes to a healthy aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Paula V. Huertas-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | | | - Isabel. L. Pacheco
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Rafael Peinado
- Departamento de Química Agrícola
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3
- Universidad de Córdoba
- 14071 Córdoba
- Spain
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Zych M, Wojnar W, Borymski S, Szałabska K, Bramora P, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Sinapic Acid on Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Cardiac Tissue and Serum of Type 2 Diabetic Female Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E579. [PMID: 31771099 PMCID: PMC6943504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes. They are considered the leading cause of death among diabetics. One of the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress. Many phenolic acids are regarded as antioxidants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) and sinapic acid (SA) on oxidative stress parameters in the cardiac tissue and serum of type 2 diabetic female rats. Additionally, the effect of these compounds on glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in the serum was evaluated. Type 2 diabetes was induced with high-fat diet and streptozotocin. RA at the doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg and SA at the doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg were administrated orally for 28 days. Untreated diabetic rats exhibited unfavorable changes in glucose metabolism and lipid profile. Changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers indicated the onset of oxidative stress in these animals. The results showed that the higher doses of the tested phenolic acids-50 mg/kg of RA and 25 mg/kg of SA-revealed beneficial effects on oxidative stress in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Sławomir Borymski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Szałabska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Piotr Bramora
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (W.W.); (K.S.); (P.B.); (I.K.-S.)
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Das S, Dewanjee S, Dua TK, Joardar S, Chakraborty P, Bhowmick S, Saha A, Bhattacharjee S, De Feo V. Carnosic Acid Attenuates Cadmium Induced Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Promoting Nrf2/HO-1 Signalling and Impairing TGF-β1/Smad/Collagen IV Signalling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224176. [PMID: 31752142 PMCID: PMC6891359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) imparts nephrotoxicity via triggering oxidative stress and pathological signal transductions in renal cells. The present study was performed to explore the protective mechanism of carnosic acid (CA), a naturally occurring antioxidant compound, against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-provoked nephrotoxicity employing suitable in vitro and in vivo assays. CA (5 µM) exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect against CdCl2 (40 µM) in normal kidney epithelial (NKE) cells evidenced from cell viability, image, and flow cytometry assays. In this study, CdCl2 treatment enhanced oxidative stress by triggering free radical production, suppressing the endogenous redox defence system, and inhibiting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in NKE cells and mouse kidneys. Moreover, CdCl2 treatment significantly endorsed apoptosis and fibrosis via activation of apoptotic and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)/collagen IV signalling pathways, respectively. In contrast, CA treatment significantly attenuated Cd-provoked nephrotoxicity via inhibiting free radicals, endorsing redox defence, suppressing apoptosis, and inhibiting fibrosis in renal cells in both in vitro and in vivo systems. In addition, CA treatment significantly (p < 0.05–0.01) restored blood and urine parameters to near-normal levels in mice. Histological findings further confirmed the protective role of CA against Cd-mediated nephrotoxicity. Molecular docking predicted possible interactions between CA and Nrf2/TGF-β1/Smad/collagen IV. Hence, CA was found to be a potential therapeutic agent to treat Cd-mediated nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonjit Das
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.D.); (T.K.D.); (S.J.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.D.); (T.K.D.); (S.J.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (V.D.F.); Tel.: +91-33-42452-32043(S.D.); +39-089-969-751 (V.D.F.)
| | - Tarun K. Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.D.); (T.K.D.); (S.J.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.D.); (T.K.D.); (S.J.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.D.); (T.K.D.); (S.J.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India; (S.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Simanta Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (S.D.); (T.K.D.); (S.J.); (P.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (V.D.F.); Tel.: +91-33-42452-32043(S.D.); +39-089-969-751 (V.D.F.)
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Yu LM, Dong X, Xue XD, Zhang J, Li Z, Wu HJ, Yang ZL, Yang Y, Wang HS. Naringenin improves mitochondrial function and reduces cardiac damage following ischemia-reperfusion injury: the role of the AMPK-SIRT3 signaling pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:2752-2765. [PMID: 31041965 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributed greatly to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Naringenin is a flavonoid exhibiting potential protective effects on myocardial mitochondria under stress conditions. However, the detailed down-stream signaling pathway involved remains uncovered. This study was designed to elucidate naringenin's mitochondrial protective actions during MI/R with a focus on AMPK-SIRT3 signaling. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with naringenin (50 mg kg-1 d-1) and subjected to MI/R surgery in the presence or absence of compound C (0.25 mg kg-1, Com.C, an AMPK inhibitor) co-treatment. An in vitro study was performed on H9c2 cardiomyoblasts subjected to simulated ischemia-reperfusion treatment. Before the treatment, the cells were administered with naringenin (80 μmol L-1) with or without SIRT3 siRNA/AMPK1α siRNA transfection. Naringenin improved post-reperfusion left ventricular systolic pressure and the instantaneous first derivative of left ventricular pressure, and reduced the infarction size and myocardial apoptosis index by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress damage (as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c release and oxidative markers) and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis [as evidenced by increased NRF1, TFAM and oxidative phosphorylation subunit complexes (II, III and IV)]. These protective actions were abolished by Com.C (in vivo) or SIRT3 siRNA (in vitro) administration. Further investigation revealed that Com.C (in vivo) or AMPK1α siRNA (in vitro) markedly suppressed PGC-1α and SIRT3 levels while SIRT3 siRNA (in vitro) inhibited SIRT3 expression without significantly changing AMPK phosphorylation and PGC-1α levels. Taken together, we found that naringenin directly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative stress damage and preserves mitochondrial biogenesis, thus attenuating MI/R injury. Importantly, AMPK-SIRT3 signaling played a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, , Liaoning 110016, China.
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