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Chen Q, Lei J, Li X, Zhang J, Liu D, Cui X, Ge F. Heterologous synthesis of ginsenoside F1 and its precursors in Nicotiana benthamiana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 299:154276. [PMID: 38801806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ginsenoside F1 has high medicinal values, which is a kind of rare triterpene saponin isolated from Panax plants. The extremely low content of ginsenoside F1 in herbs has limited its research and application in medical field. In this work, we constructed a pathway in tobacco for the biosynthesis of ginsenoside F1 by metabolic engineering. Four enzyme genes (PnDDS, CYP716A47, CYP716S1 and UGT71A56) isolated from Panax notoginseng were introduced into tobacco. Thus, a biosynthetic pathway for ginsenoside F1 synthesis was artificially constructed in tobacco cells; moreover, the four exogenous genes could be expressed in the roots, stems and leaves of transgenic plants. Consequently, ginsenoside F1 and its precursors were successfully synthesized in the transgenic tobacco, compared with Panax plants, the content of ginsenoside F1 in transgenic tobacco was doubled. In addition, accumulation of ginsenoside F1 and its precursors in transgenic tobacco shows organ specificity. Based on these results, a new approach was established to produce rare ginsenoside F1; meanwhile, such strategy could also be employed in plant hosts for the heterologous synthesis of other important or rare natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Analytical & Testing Research Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Diqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Feng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhang H, Li J, Diao M, Li J, Xie N. Production and pharmaceutical research of minor saponins in Panax notoginseng (Sanqi): Current status and future prospects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114099. [PMID: 38641143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is a traditional medicinal herb known as Sanqi or Tianqi in Asia and is commonly used worldwide. It is one of the main raw ingredients of Yunnan Baiyao, Fu fang dan shen di wan, and San qi shang yao pian. It is also a source of cardiotonic pill used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China, Korea, and Russia. Approximately 270 Panax notoginseng saponins have been isolated and identified as the major active components. Although the absorption and bioavailability of saponins are predominantly dependent on the gastrointestinal biotransformation capacity of an individual, minor saponins are better absorbed into the bloodstream and act as active substances than major saponins. Notably, minor saponins are absent or are present in minimal quantities under natural conditions. In this review, we focus on the strategies for the enrichment and production of minor saponins in P. notoginseng using physical, chemical, enzyme catalytic, and microbial methods. Moreover, pharmacological studies on minor saponins derived from P. notoginseng over the last decade are discussed. This review serves as a meaningful resource and guide, offering scholarly references for delving deeper into the exploration of the minor saponins in P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China; National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Jianxiu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Mengxue Diao
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
| | - Jianbin Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Nengzhong Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, 530007, China.
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Golubnitschaja O, Kapinova A, Sargheini N, Bojkova B, Kapalla M, Heinrich L, Gkika E, Kubatka P. Mini-encyclopedia of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals protecting health in primary and secondary care-clinically relevant 3PM innovation. EPMA J 2024; 15:163-205. [PMID: 38841620 PMCID: PMC11148002 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Despite their subordination in humans, to a great extent, mitochondria maintain their independent status but tightly cooperate with the "host" on protecting the joint life quality and minimizing health risks. Under oxidative stress conditions, healthy mitochondria promptly increase mitophagy level to remove damaged "fellows" rejuvenating the mitochondrial population and sending fragments of mtDNA as SOS signals to all systems in the human body. As long as metabolic pathways are under systemic control and well-concerted together, adaptive mechanisms become triggered increasing systemic protection, activating antioxidant defense and repair machinery. Contextually, all attributes of mitochondrial patho-/physiology are instrumental for predictive medical approach and cost-effective treatments tailored to individualized patient profiles in primary (to protect vulnerable individuals again the health-to-disease transition) and secondary (to protect affected individuals again disease progression) care. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds demonstrating health-promoting, illness-preventing, and other health-related benefits. Keeping in mind health-promoting properties of nutraceuticals along with their great therapeutic potential and safety profile, there is a permanently growing demand on the application of mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals. Application of nutraceuticals is beneficial only if meeting needs at individual level. Therefore, health risk assessment and creation of individualized patient profiles are of pivotal importance followed by adapted nutraceutical sets meeting individual needs. Based on the scientific evidence available for mitochondria-relevant nutraceuticals, this article presents examples of frequent medical conditions, which require protective measures targeted on mitochondria as a holistic approach following advanced concepts of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) in primary and secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Kapinova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianka Bojkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marko Kapalla
- Negentropic Systems, Ružomberok, Slovakia
- PPPM Centre, s.r.o., Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - Luisa Heinrich
- Institute of General Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eleni Gkika
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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Yang C, Qu L, Wang R, Wang F, Yang Z, Xiao F. Multi-layered effects of Panax notoginseng on immune system. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107203. [PMID: 38719196 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated the immunomodulatory potential of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases and cerebral hemorrhage, suggesting its significance in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the complex immune activity of various components has hindered a comprehensive understanding of the immune-regulating properties of Panax notoginseng, impeding its broader utilization. This review evaluates the effect of Panax notoginseng to various types of white blood cells, elucidates the underlying mechanisms, and compares the immunomodulatory effects of different Panax notoginseng active fractions, aiming to provide the theory basis for future immunomodulatory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Liping Qu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Innovation Materials Research and Development Center, Botanee Research Institute, Shanghai Jiyan Biomedical Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201702, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Yang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China
| | - Fengkun Xiao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650106, China.
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Chen P, Gao Z, Guo M, Pan D, Zhang H, Du J, Shi D. Efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponin injection in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353662. [PMID: 38576488 PMCID: PMC10991745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) injection, when combined with conventional treatment (CT), for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted in seven databases from inception until 28 September 2023. The search aimed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on PNS injection in the context of AMI. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and its protocol was registered with PROSPERO (number: CRD42023480131). Result: Twenty RCTs involving 1,881 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that PNS injection, used adjunctively with CT, significantly improved treatment outcomes compared to CT alone, as evidenced by the following points: (1) enhanced total effective rate [OR = 3.09, p < 0.05]; (2) decreased incidence of major adverse cardiac events [OR = 0.32, p < 0.05]; (3) reduction in myocardial infarct size [MD = -6.53, p < 0.05]; (4) lower ST segment elevation amplitude [MD = -0.48, p < 0.05]; (5) mitigated myocardial injury as indicated by decreased levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes [MD = -11.19, p < 0.05], cardiac troponin T [MD = -3.01, p < 0.05], and cardiac troponin I [MD = -10.72, p < 0.05]; (6) enhanced cardiac function, reflected in improved brain natriuretic peptide [MD = -91.57, p < 0.05], left ventricular ejection fraction [MD = 5.91, p < 0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [MD = -3.08, p < 0.05], and cardiac output [MD = 0.53, p < 0.05]; (7) reduced inflammatory response, as shown by lower levels of C-reactive protein [MD = -2.99, p < 0.05], tumor necrosis factor-α [MD = -6.47, p < 0.05], interleukin-6 [MD = -24.46, p < 0.05], and pentraxin-3 [MD = -2.26, p < 0.05]; (8) improved vascular endothelial function, demonstrated by decreased endothelin-1 [MD = -20.56, p < 0.05] and increased nitric oxide [MD = 1.33, p < 0.05]; (9) alleviated oxidative stress, evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase levels [MD = 25.84, p < 0.05]; (10) no significant difference in adverse events [OR = 1.00, p = 1.00]. Conclusion: This study highlighted the efficacy and safety of adjunctive PNS injections in enhancing AMI patient outcomes beyond CT alone. Future RCTs need to solidify these findings through rigorous methods. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), identifier (CRD42023480131).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Li H, Wang YG, Chen TF, Gao YH, Song L, Yang YF, Gao Y, Huo W, Zhang GP. Panax notoginseng saponin alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in rats by modulating the renin-angiotensin system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116979. [PMID: 37532070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, and often fatal interstitial lung disease. Traditional Chinese medicine formulations and their active ingredients have shown potential in the treatment of PF. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) is extracted from the widely used traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen, exhibiting therapeutic effects in pulmonary diseases treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects and elucidate possible potential mechanisms of PNS on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS PF was induced in rats by intratracheal administration of bleomycin (BLM, 5 mg/kg). After disease model induction, the rats were treated with PNS (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg per day) or pirfenidone (PFD, 50 mg/kg per day) for 28 days. Lung function, histopathological changes, collagen deposition, and E- and N-cadherin levels in lung tissue were evaluated. The mechanism of action of PNS was investigated using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analysis were performed to verify the proteomic results. RESULTS PNS treatment improved lung function, ameliorated the BLM-induced increase in the lung coefficient, attenuated the degree of alveolar inflammation and fibrosis, and reduced the elevated collagen level in PF rats. PNS treatment also down-regulated the expression of N-cadherin while up-regulating the expression of E-cadherin. Proteomic and bioinformatic analyses revealed that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was closely related to the therapeutic effect of PNS. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA results indicated that PNS exerted its anti-fibrotic effect via regulation of the balance between the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin (Ang)II-AngII receptor type 1 (AT1R) and ACE2-Ang(1-7)-MasR axes. CONCLUSIONS PNS ameliorates BLM-induced PF in rats by modulating the RAS homeostasis, and is a new potential therapeutic agent for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Teng-Fei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China.
| | - Yun-Hang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China.
| | - Ling Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China.
| | - Yi-Fei Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wang Huo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100007, China.
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Liu C, Xu F, Zuo Z, Wang Y. Network pharmacology and fingerprint for the integrated analysis of mechanism, identification and prediction in Panax notoginseng. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:772-787. [PMID: 36479744 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow, is a well-known herb with multitudinous efficacy. In this study, a series of overall analyses on the action mechanism, component content, origin identification, and content prediction of P. notoginseng are conducted. OBJECTIVES The purpose was to analyse the mechanism of pharmacological efficacy, differences between contents and groups of P. notoginseng from different origins, and to identify the origin and predict the content. MATERIALS AND METHODS The P. notoginseng samples from four different origins were used for analysis by the database, network pharmacology (Q-marker) and fingerprint analysis [high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and near-infrared (NIR)] combined with data fusion strategy (low- and feature-level). RESULTS Four saponins were identified as Q-markers, and exerted pharmacological effects on signalling pathways through 24 core targets. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of HPLC showed that there were differences among groups and different origins. Therefore, considering the need to treat diseases, combined with network database and network pharmacology, the suitable producing areas were determined through the mechanism of action and the required saponin content. The low-level data fusion successfully identified the origin and predicted the content of P. notoginseng from different origins. The accuracy rate of each evaluation index of the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model was 1, and the t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) visualisation results were good. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) of the partial least squares regression (PLSR) model ranged from 0.9235-0.9996, and the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) range is 0.301-1.519. CONCLUSION This study was designed to provide a sufficient theoretical basis for the quality control of P. notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Liu
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
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Jiang XL, Ma GF, Zhao BB, Meng Y, Chen LL. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1190233. [PMID: 37256230 PMCID: PMC10225580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1190233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polysaccharides are important components of Panax notoginseng that contribute to its immunomodulatory ability. This study aimed to isolate polysaccharides from notoginseng and investigate the structural feature and potential immunomodulatory activity. Methods: The polysaccharide was isolated from notoginseng by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Its preliminary structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The immunoregulatory function was further investigated in cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive mice, murine splenocytes and macrophages. Results: A novel homogeneous polysaccharide (PNPB1) was isolated from notoginseng with the molecular weight of 9.3 × 105 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that PNPB1 consisted of Glc (88.2%), Gal (9.0%), Ara (2.4%) and trace GlcA, with the major backbone of (1→4)-linked α-Glcp, (1→6)-linked β-Glcp, and (1, 4→6)-linked β-Glcp. The polysaccharide was found to significantly enhance murine body weight, improve their thymus and spleen indices and increase the white blood cells (WBC). PNPB1 significantly enhanced splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NO and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ) production, as well as the phagocytosis and TLR2 expression of peritoneal macrophages, indicating potent immunoenhancement effect. Discussion: These findings provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the structure and immune activity of notoginseng polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Gai-Fan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin-Bin Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Guo Z, Luo Z, Wu S, Yang C, Xiao T, Zhao Y. Optimization of Extraction and Separation Process of Notoginsenoside Fc from Panax notoginseng Leaves. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093915. [PMID: 37175326 PMCID: PMC10179949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Notoginsenoside Fc (Fc) from panax notoginseng leaves. The experiment utilized a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and separation conditions were optimized. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time = 1.5 h, ethanol concentration = 86%, liquid-to-solid ratio = 19:1. The experimentally obtained values were in accordance with the values predicted by the RSM model. We determined that the RSM model was able to successfully simulate the optimal extraction of Fc from the leaves. Further, Fc was enriched from Panax notoginseng through nine macroporous resins, and HPD-100 macroporous resins were selected for preliminary enrichment of Fc due to its economic costs and benefits. Subsequently, octadecyl silane (ODS) column chromatography was used to improve the purity of Fc to over 90% after separation by ODS column chromatography. Fc with a purity greater than 95% can be obtained by recrystallization. This is the first study that has focused on the extraction and enrichment of Fc from Panax notoginseng leaves using macroporous resin combined with ODS column chromatography, which provides the possibility for further application of Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhonghua Luo
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shao Wu
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- China School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinese Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Yu M, Xiao G, Han L, Peng L, Wang H, He S, Lyu M, Zhu Y. QiShen YiQi and its components attenuate acute thromboembolic stroke and carotid thrombosis by inhibition of CD62P/PSGL-1-mediated platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114323. [PMID: 36738500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND QiShen YiQi (QSYQ) dropping pill, a component-based Chinese medicine consisting of benefiting Qi (YQ) and activating blood (HX) components, has been reported to exert a beneficial effect on cerebral ischemia-induced stroke. However, its efficacy and pharmacological mechanism on acute thromboembolic stroke is not clear. PURPOSE This study is to explore the preventative effect and pharmacological mechanism of QSYQ and its YQ/HX components on the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregation (PLA) in acute thromboembolic stroke. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In vivo thromboembolic stroke model and FeCl3-induced carotid arterial occlusion models were used. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and flow cytometry experiments were performed to reveal the pharmacological mechanisms of QSYQ and its YQ/HX components. RESULTS In thromboembolic stroke rats, QSYQ significantly attenuated infarct area, improved neurological recovery, reduced PLA formation, and inhibited P-selection (CD62P)/ P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) expressions. The YQ component preferentially down-regulated PSGL-1 expression in leukocyte, while the HX component preferentially down-regulated CD62P expression in platelet. In carotid arterial thrombosis mice, QSYQ and its YQ/HX components inhibited thrombus formation, prolonged vessel occlusion time, reduced circulating leukocytes and P-selectin expression. PLA formation and platelet/leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cell were also inhibited by QSYQ and its YQ/HX components in vitro. CONCLUSION QSYQ and YQ/HX components attenuated thromboembolic stroke and carotid thrombosis by decreasing PLA formation via inhibiting CD62P/PSGL-1 expressions. This study shed a new light on the prevention of thromboembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Linhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
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11
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Du Y, Chen W, Li Y, Liang D, Liu G. Study on the regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins combined with bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on IRAK1/TRAF6-NF-κB pathway in patients with diabetic cutaneous ulcers. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:80. [PMID: 36721171 PMCID: PMC9890888 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) have been found as the major active ingredient of Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H.Chen (PN) leaves, which has the effect of reducing inflammatory response, facilitating fibroblast proliferation, as well as promoting angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the molecular basis of PNS combined with bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for treating diabetic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) and its mechanism of action. METHODS A total of 75 SD rats were selected to make diabetic cutaneous ulcers model. According random number table method, the rats were randomly divided into a control group, a DCU group, a BMSCs group, a PNS group and BMSCs + PNS group. Five groups of rats were given without treatment. After being treated for 7 days, the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and granulation tissue was collected from the central point of the wound. They were used for pathological analysis, Western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS The wound healing area was the largest in the BMSCs + PNS group. HE staining results showed that the PNS + BMSCs group could promote the formation of new epidermis and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) results showed that the PNS + BMSCs group could up-regulate the expression of Ki67 protein and cell proliferation. In addition, PNS combined with BMSCs up-regulated the expression of miR-146-5p and down-regulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, IRAK1, TRAF6 and p65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS PNS combined with bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation up-regulated miR-146a-5p targeting and binding to IRAK1/TRAF6, inhibiting the activation of NF-κB pathway, which reduced the inflammatory response of DCU and facilitated the skin healing of DCU. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis and a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of DFU with PNS combined with BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Du
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Peripheral Vascular, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Weijian Chen
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 Guangdong Province China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Orthopedic Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510045 Guangdong Province China
| | - Youshan Li
- grid.24695.3c0000 0001 1431 9176Peripheral Vascular, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Du Liang
- grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 Guangdong Province China ,grid.411866.c0000 0000 8848 7685Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou Orthopedic Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510045 Guangdong Province China
| | - Guobin Liu
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Peripheral Vascular, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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12
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Liu F, Xu J, Yang R, Liu S, Hu S, Yan M, Han F. New light on treatment of cervical cancer: Chinese medicine monomers can be effective for cervical cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114084. [PMID: 36481407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC), as the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, is infamous for its high morbidity and mortality rates. Its development and metastasis are intricate because numerous signaling pathways are involved. Since the cancer and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are closely intertwined, direct inhibition of either the PI3K/Akt pathway or its target genes and molecules may be remarkably constructive for treatment. Albeit remarkable advances in the treatment of CC, existing common anti-cancer medications are not without problems. These problems include myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm, which are the most common and well-recognized toxicities associated with these medications. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop novel, potent, secure, and more reasonably priced anticancer medications that are void of the above problems. Against this backdrop, Chinese medicine monomers have received more attention in recent years owing to their safety, low toxicity, few side effects, and anti-tumor properties. By regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, Chinese medicine monomers are effective not only in inhibiting CC growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and reversing drug resistance but also in a variety of targets. Most previous earlier studies focused on the use of a single traditional Chinese medicine monomer to treat CC by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway rather than a combination of several such monomers. More importantly, to our knowledge, there has hardly been any study providing an exhaustive and comprehensive review of all the Chinese medicine monomers at CC. In response to this scarcity, we attempt in this paper to provide a comprehensive review of all the literature to date on traditional Chinese medicine monomers at cervical cancer, highlight the mechanisms and future prospects for their use in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- Xi'an Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaoxuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Siya Hu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mengyu Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Fengjuan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
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13
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Dai L, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Chen K. Panax notoginseng preparation plus aspirin versus aspirin alone on platelet aggregation and coagulation in patients with coronary heart disease or ischemic stroke: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015048. [PMID: 36569332 PMCID: PMC9768032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the effects of Panax notoginseng preparations (PNP) containing Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) or Panaxatriol Saponin (PTS) on platelet aggregation and coagulation in the adjuvant treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the combination of PNP and aspirin (ASA) versus ASA alone for CHD or IS were searched in eight databases. Subgroup analysis was performed according to saponin category. When statistical heterogeneity was significant, sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out approach. Funnel plot, Egger' test, and Begg' test was adopted to detect publication bias. Results: Twenty RCTs involving 2216 patients were analyzed. Compared with ASA alone, PNP plus ASA had a stronger inhibitory effect on in PAgR [PNS, WMD = -6.10 (-7.25, -4.95), p < 0.00001; PTS, WMD = -3.53 (-4.68, -2.38), p < 0.00001]; PNS plus ASA better reduced FIB [WMD = -0.43 (-0.49, -0.36)] and DD [WMD = -0.59 (-0.67, -0.51), p < 0.00001], while PLT (p = 0.07) and PT (p = 0.34) were not significantly different; PTS plus ASA better prolonged PT [WMD = 1.90 (1.47, 2.32), p < 0.00001] and PT-INR [WMD = 0.22 (0.11, 0.32), p < 0.0001], whereas no significant difference in DD (p = 0.1) and bleeding-related events (positive fecal occult blood, p = 0.96; upper gastrointestinal bleeding, p = 0.67; subcutaneous hemorrhage, p = 0.51; bulbar conjunctival hemorrhage, p = 0.51; hematuria, p = 0.58). There was no significant difference between PNP plus ASA and ASA alone in terms of gastrointestinal side effect (PNS, p = 0.65; PTS, p = 0.56) and urticaria (PNS, p = 0.57; PTS, p = 0.55). Conclusion: PNP combined with ASA might produce stronger antiplatelet aggregation and anticoagulation effects without increasing bleeding risk, gastrointestinal side effects, and urticaria compared with ASA alone. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42022339234.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Keji Chen
- *Correspondence: Keji Chen, ; Yuerong Jiang,
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14
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Huo N, Ameer K, Wu Z, Yan S, Jiang G, Ramachandraiah K. Preparation, characterization, structural analysis and antioxidant activities of phosphorylated polysaccharide from Sanchi ( Panax notoginseng) flower. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:4603-4614. [PMID: 36276535 PMCID: PMC9579234 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, phosphorylation effects on the monosaccharide composition, structural attributes, morphology and radical-scavenging activities of Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) flower polysaccharides were investigated. Sanchi flower phosphorylated polysaccharides mainly comprised of Man, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal and Xyl, but lacked GluN, Rib, Arab and Fuc in their compositions. FTIR analysis of phosphorylated polysaccharides showed an emergence of new absorption peak around spectral region of 1254 cm-1. NMR and FTIR analyses were indicative of the successful phosphorylation of the Sanchi flower polysaccharides. The introduction of phosphate groups into polysaccharides led to the induction of pore-like structures in polysaccharides configuration. Phosphorylation of polysaccharides led to concentration-dependent increasing tendencies in radical-scavenging activities. These findings demonstrated the positive impact of phosphorylation on Sanchi flower polysaccharides, which could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailin Huo
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Kashif Ameer
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100 Pakistan
| | - Zhaogen Wu
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Shengnan Yan
- Jilin Zixin Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., Changchun, 130000 China
| | - Guihun Jiang
- School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013 China
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15
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Xu B, Bai L, Chen L, Tong R, Feng Y, Shi J. Terpenoid natural products exert neuroprotection via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036506. [PMCID: PMC9606746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K/Akt, an essential signaling pathway widely present in cells, has been shown to be relevant to neurological disorders. As an important class of natural products, terpenoids exist in large numbers and have diverse backbones, so they have a great chance to be identified as neuroprotective agents. In this review, we described and summarized recent research for a range of terpenoid natural products associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway by classifying their basic chemical structures of the terpenes, identified by electronic searches on PubMed, Web of Science for research, and Google Scholar websites. Only articles published in English were included. Our discussion here concerned 16 natural terpenoids and their mechanisms of action, the associated diseases, and the methods of experimentation used. We also reviewed the discovery of their chemical structures and their derivatives, and some compounds have been concluded for their structure–activity relationships (SAR). As a result, terpenoids are excellent candidates for research as natural neuroprotective agents, and our content will provide a stepping stone for further research into these natural products. It may be possible for more terpenoids to serve as neuroprotective agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Xu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Rongsheng Tong, ; Yibin Feng, ; Jianyou Shi,
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16
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Jin W, Song P, Wu Y, Tao Y, Yang K, Gui L, Zhang W, Ge F. Biofilm Microenvironment-Mediated MoS 2 Nanoplatform with Its Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergistic Antibacterial Molecular Mechanism and Wound Healing Study. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4274-4288. [PMID: 36095153 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human public health. Biofilm formation is one of the main factors contributing to the development of bacterial resistance, characterized by a hypoxic and microacidic microenvironment. Traditional antibiotic treatments have been ineffective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Novel monotherapies have had little success. On the basis of the photothermal effect, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles were used to link quaternized polyethylenimine (QPEI), dihydroporphyrin e6 (Ce6), and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) in a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). A multifunctional nanoplatform (MQCP@ZIF-8) was constructed with dual response to pH and near-infrared light (NIR), which resulted in synergistic photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial effects. The nanoplatform exhibited a photothermal conversion efficiency of 56%. It inhibited MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) and MDR Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by more than 95% and effectively promoted wound healing in mice infected with MDR S. aureus. The nanoplatform induced the death of MDR bacteria by promoting biofilm ablation, disrupting bacterial cell membranes and intracellular DNA, and interfering with intracellular material and energy metabolism. In this study, a multifunctional nanoplatform with good antibacterial effect was developed. The molecular mechanisms of MDR bacteria were also elucidated for possible clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Jin
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Wu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugui Tao
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ge
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People's Republic of China
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17
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Wu Y, Cai Y, Ma L, Li F, Zhang M, Wang Y, Zheng F, Pi Z, Yue H. Identification and chemical profiling of anti-alcoholic liver disease biomarkers of ginseng Huang jiu using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and network pharmacology-based analyses. Front Nutr 2022; 9:978122. [PMID: 36034901 PMCID: PMC9412739 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.978122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism of characteristic non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) from ginseng Huang jiu (GH) in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease through UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS and network pharmacological analyses. Changes in NVOC contents in ginseng Huang jiu and ginseng-soaked wine fermented by different processing technologies were analyzed through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of 96 ginsenosides were identified in ginseng Huang jiu throughout the fermentation process, which included 37 protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, 47 protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides, and 4 oleanolic acid-type ginsenosides. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that 20(R)-Rg2, Gypenoside XVII, 20(S)-Rf3, CK, Rg5, Rh2, and other rare ginsenosides in ginseng Huang jiu could be the potential index for determining ginseng Huang jiu. In addition, ginseng Huang jiu could improve alcoholic liver disease by regulating the GSTP1, HRAS, AKR1B1, GSTA1, Androgen receptor (AR), GSR, and LDHB genes through bioinformatics analysis. This study provides new insights into improving the industrial production of ginseng Huang jiu and treating alcoholic liver disease with medicinal and food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Wu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yongyu Cai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Ma
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fangtong Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zheng
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Cui ZY, Liu CL, Li DD, Wang YZ, Xu FR. Anticoagulant activity analysis and origin identification of Panax notoginseng using HPLC and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:971-981. [PMID: 35715878 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng is one of the traditional precious and bulk-traded medicinal materials in China. Its anticoagulant activity is related to its saponin composition. However, the correlation between saponins and anticoagulant activities in P. notoginseng from different origins and identification of the origins have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVES We aimed to analyze the correlation of components and activities of P. notoginseng from different origins and develop a rapid P. notoginseng origin identification method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pharmacological experiments, HPLC, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (variable selection) combined with chemometrics methods of P. notoginseng main roots from four different origins (359 individuals) in Yunnan Province were conducted. RESULTS The pharmacological experiments and HPLC showed that the saponin content of P. notoginseng main roots was not significantly different. It was the highest in main roots from Wenshan Prefecture (9.86%). The coagulation time was prolonged to observe the strongest effect (4.99 s), and the anticoagulant activity was positively correlated with the contents of the three saponins. The content of ginsenoside Rg1 had the greatest influence on the anticoagulant effect. The results of spectroscopy combined with chemometrics show that the variable selection method could extract a small number of variables containing valid information and improve the performance of the model. The variable importance in projection has the best ability to identify the origins of P. notoginseng; the accuracy of the training set and the test set was 0.975 and 0.984, respectively. CONCLUSION This method is a powerful analytical tool for the activity analysis and identification of Chinese medicinal materials from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Lu Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Fu-Rong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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The Influence of Different Extraction Methods on the Structure, Rheological, Thermal and Functional Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) Flower. Foods 2022; 11:foods11141995. [PMID: 35885237 PMCID: PMC9318018 DOI: 10.3390/foods11141995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of different extraction methods, such as acidic (AC), enzymatic (EN), homogenization (H), ultrsonication (U) and alkali (AL), on structure, rheological, thermal and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from Sanchi flower was evaluated in this study. The highest extraction yield (23.14%) was obtained for AL-SDF extract. Glucose (Glc) and galactose (Gal) were found to be the major constituents in Sanchi SDF. Homogenization and Ultrsonication treatments caused significant compaction of pores in the microstructures. FTIR analysis showed increased hydrolysis of pectin and hemicellulose in U, AL and AC-SDF extracts. H-SDF and AC-SDF exhibited similar shear rate change with the rise in shear stress. H-SDF was thermally more stable than other SDF extracts. Among all extraction methods, H-SDF and U-SDF exhibited the highest water holding capacity (WHC), oil-holding capacity (OHC), Bile acid-adsorption capacity (BAC), Cholesterol-adsorption capacity (CAC) and Glucose adsorption capacity (GAC). Thus, Sanchi flower SDF with improved functional properties could be utilized as a functional food ingredient in the development of various food products.
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Jiang Z, Gao H, Liu R, Xia M, Lu Y, Wang J, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li D, Tong Y, Liu P, Liu Y, Luo Y, Gao J, Yin Y, Huang L, Gao W. Key Glycosyltransferase Genes of Panax notoginseng: Identification and Engineering Yeast Construction of Rare Ginsenosides. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2394-2404. [PMID: 35687875 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is one of the most famous valuable medical plants in China, and its broad application in clinical treatment has an inseparable relationship with the active molecules, ginsenosides. Ginsenosides are glycoside compounds that have varied structures for the diverse sugar chain. Although extensive work has been done, there are still unknown steps in the biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides. Here, we screened candidate glycosyltransferase genes based on the previous genome and transcriptome data of P. notoginseng and cloned the full length of 27 UGT genes successfully. Among them, we found that PnUGT33 could catalyze different ginsenoside substrates to produce higher polarity rare ginsenosides by extending the sugar chain. We further analyzed the enzymatic kinetics and predicted the catalytic mechanism of PnUGT33 by simulating molecular docking. After that, we reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of rare ginsenoside Rg3 and gypenoside LXXV in yeast. By combining the Golden Gate method and overexpressing the UDPG biosynthetic genes, we further improved the yield of engineering yeast strain. Finally, the shake-flask culture yield of Rg3 reached 51 mg/L and the fed-batch fermentation yield of gypenoside LXXV reached 94.5 mg/L, which was the first and highest record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouqian Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyun Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Panting Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, People's Republic of China
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21
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Hu W, Zheng Y, Zheng J, Yan K, Liang Z, Xia P. Binding proteins PnCOX11 and PnDCD strongly respond to GA and ABA in Panax notoginseng. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:303-313. [PMID: 35609837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are one of the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, a representative plant of the genus Panax. However, the detailed regulation mechanism of PNS biosynthesis remains elusive. Therefore, a sequence of upstream promoters of PnSS and PnSE were cloned and analyzed firstly. GUS quantitative results showed that the upstream promoters could specifically and significantly respond to exogenous GA and ABA signals. To further identify the binding proteins that respond to peripheral hormones, PnCOX11 and PnDCD were screened and identified from the P. notoginseng cDNA library. The Y1H experiment verified the interaction between the above two binding proteins and the promoters. Several online software was used to analyze the domains, secondary structures, three-dimensional structures, and phylogenetic trees of the two binding proteins. Subcellular localization analysis exhibited that PnCOX11 was mainly located in the chloroplast, while PnDCD was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Prokaryotic expression demonstrated that the recombinant proteins had a high concentration under the induction of IPTG. This study can provide a fundamental date for the subsequent thorough investigation of the transcription regulatory mechanism of PNS biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianfen Zheng
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pengguo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Hawthorne B, Lund K, Freggiaro S, Kaga R, Meng J. The mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng extracts on prostate cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112887. [PMID: 35367754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. commonly referred to as Sanqi, is a Chinese herb that has long been used to treat various conditions including blood disorders and cardiovascular diseases. While Panax notoginseng has been used as an anti-cancer medicinal herb in recent years, how it achieves this therapeutic effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to reveal more about the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. METHODS Ethanol extract of Panax notoginseng root was authenticated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxic activity of this herb against PCa cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The assessment of cellular metabolic activity demonstrated that Panax notoginseng reduces the viability of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin-V binding flow cytometry assay showed that Panax notoginseng induces apoptosis in PCa cells. Cell cycle analysis by quantification of DNA content using flow cytometry showed that Panax notoginseng arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in both LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Moreover, ELISA demonstrated that Panax notoginseng-treated PCa cells secrete significantly less tumor-promoting cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) to the supernatant compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the cytotoxic effects of Panax notoginseng on PCa cell lines. This botanical is a promising candidate for the complementary and integrative medicine treatment of PCa and further studies are indicated to determine the anti-cancer mechanism of Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hawthorne
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Kaleb Lund
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Sydney Freggiaro
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Risa Kaga
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA.
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CAO MX, WANG XR, HU WY, YIN D, REN CZ, CHEN SY, YU ML, WEI YY, HU TJ. Regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation induced by porcine circovirus type 2. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:600-609. [PMID: 35125373 PMCID: PMC9096040 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) exists widely in swine populations worldwide, and healthy PCV2 virus carriers have enhanced the severity of the infection, which is becoming more difficult to control. This study investigated the regulatory effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the oxidative stress and histone acetylation modification induced by PCV2 in vitro and in mice. In vitro, PNS significantly increased the scavenging capacities of superoxide anion radicals (O2•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced by PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2). In addition, PNS decreased the protein expression level of histone H4 acetylation (Ac-H4) by increasing the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) in PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells. In vivo, PNS enhanced the scavenging capacities of •OH and O2•- and reduced the content of H2O2 in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PNS also reduced the protein expression level of histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) by reducing the activity of histone acetylase (HAT) and increasing the activity of HDAC in the spleens of PCV2-infected mice. PCV2 infection activated oxidative stress and histone acetylation in vitro and in mice, but PNS ameliorated this oxidative stress. The research can provide experimental basis for exploring the antioxidant effect and the regulation of histone acetylation of PNS on PCV2-infected 3D4/2 cells and mice in vitro and in vivo, and provide new ideas for the treatment of PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Xia CAO
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Rui WANG
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen-Yue HU
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan YIN
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun-Zhi REN
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
| | - Si-Yu CHEN
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular
Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University,
Foshan, China
| | - Mei-Ling YU
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Yi WEI
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting-Jun HU
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi
University, Nanning, China
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Exploring the Mechanism of Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax Notoginseng (A&P) Compounds in the Treatment of Renal Fibrosis and Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Integrated Network Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2646022. [PMID: 35265144 PMCID: PMC8898808 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2646022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) has been widely used in clinical practice to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years and achieved a remarkable improvement of these outcomes. However, its mechanisms for ameliorating CKD are still poorly obscure. In the current study, integrated network analysis was carried out to analyze the potential active ingredients and molecular mechanism of A&P on CKD, and 39 active ingredients and a total of 570 targets were obtained. Furthermore, the potential disease-related genes were obtained from the NCBI GEO database by integrating 2 microarray datasets, and 24 significant genes were utilized for subsequent analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis displayed that pathways including cell oxidative stress and Akt signaling pathway are medicated by A&P. Of note, Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 (HSF1) and RELA Proto-Oncogene (RELA) were regarded as hub genes considering their central roles in the gene regulatory network. What's more, the effect of A&P and potential genes was furthermore verified by using unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) in rodent model. The results showed that the expression of HSF1 and RELA both at transcript and protein level was significantly upregulated in UUO model, but the expression was markedly reversed after A&P intervention. To further guide the interpretation of active ingredients from A&P on the effect of HSF1 and RELA, we performed a molecular docking assay and the results showed that active ingredients such as coptisine docked well into HSF1 and RELA. In total, these results suggest that A&P may improve RF in CKD by regulating HSF1 and RELA, which provides a basis for further understanding the mechanism of A&P in the treatment of RF and CKD.
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Kim S, Kim JH, Seok SH, Park ES. Enhanced permeability and oral absorption of Panax notoginseng saponins by borneol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Herb Sanqi-Derived Compound K Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Cultured Human Melanocytes and Improves Oxidative-Stress-Related Leukoderma in Guinea Pigs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082057. [PMID: 34440826 PMCID: PMC8393903 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanqi, a traditional Chinese herb, is widely used for cardiovascular diseases, and its neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress were recently discovered. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Sanqi-derived compound K (Sanqi-CK), an active metabolite of Sanqi, could protect melanocytes from oxidative stress. Cultured human primary skin epidermal melanocytes (HEMn-MPs) were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence or absence of Sanqi-CK. Sanqi-CK exhibited protective effects against H2O2-induced cell death by reducing oxidative stress. In addition, treatment with Sanqi-CK reversed the decreased glutathione reductase activity and decreased ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) seen in H2O2-treated melanocytes. Furthermore, topical application of Sanqi-CK alleviated leukoderma in guinea pigs, a disorder characterized by melanocyte cell death resulting from rhododendrol-induced oxidative stress. Taken together, these data suggest that Sanqi-CK protects melanocytes against oxidative stress, and its protective effects are associated with modulating the redox balance between GSH and GSSG and activating glutathione reductase. Thus, Sanqi-CK may be a good candidate for preventing melanocyte loss in oxidative-stress-associated pigmentary disorders.
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Hou M, Wang R, Zhao S, Wang Z. Ginsenosides in Panax genus and their biosynthesis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1813-1834. [PMID: 34386322 PMCID: PMC8343117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are a series of glycosylated triterpenoids which belong to protopanaxadiol (PPD)-, protopanaxatriol (PPT)-, ocotillol (OCT)- and oleanane (OA)-type saponins known as active compounds of Panax genus. They are accumulated in plant roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The content and composition of ginsenosides are varied in different ginseng species, and in different parts of a certain plant. In this review, we summarized the representative saponins structures, their distributions and the contents in nearly 20 Panax species, and updated the biosynthetic pathways of ginsenosides focusing on enzymes responsible for structural diversified ginsenoside biosynthesis. We also emphasized the transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis and non-coding RNAs in the growth of Panax genus plants, and highlighted the current three major biotechnological applications for ginsenosides production. This review covered advances in the past four decades, providing more clues for chemical discrimination and assessment on certain ginseng plants, new perspectives for rational evaluation and utilization of ginseng resource, and potential strategies for production of specific ginsenosides.
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Key Words
- ABA, abscisic acid
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AtCPR (ATR), Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 reductase
- BARS, baruol synthase
- Biosynthetic pathway
- Biotechnological approach
- CAS, cycloartenol synthase
- CDP, cytidine diphosphate
- CPQ, cucurbitadienol synthase
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DDS, dammarenediol synthase
- DM, dammarenediol-II
- DMAPP, dimethylallyl diphosphate
- FPP, farnesyl pyrophosphate
- FPPS (FPS), farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GDP, guanosine diphosphate
- Ginsenoside
- HEJA, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate
- HMGR, HMG-CoA reductase
- IPP, isopentenyl diphosphate
- ITS, internal transcribed spacer
- JA, jasmonic acid
- JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine
- JAR, JA-amino acid synthetase
- JAZ, jasmonate ZIM-domain
- KcMS, Kandelia candel multifunctional triterpene synthases
- LAS, lanosterol synthase
- LUP, lupeol synthase
- MEP, methylerythritol phosphate
- MVA, mevalonate
- MVD, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- MeJA, methyl jasmonate
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate
- Non-coding RNAs
- OA, oleanane or oleanic acid
- OAS, oleanolic acid synthase
- OCT, ocotillol
- OSC, oxidosqualene cyclase
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPDS, PPD synthase
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PPTS, PPT synthase
- Panax species
- RNAi, RNA interference
- SA, salicylic acid
- SE (SQE), squalene epoxidase
- SPL, squamosa promoter-binding protein-like
- SS (SQS), squalene synthase
- SUS, sucrose synthase
- TDP, thymine diphosphate
- Transcription factors
- UDP, uridine diphosphate
- UGPase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphosphprylase
- UGT, UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase
- WGD, whole genome duplication
- α-AS, α-amyrin synthase
- β-AS, β-amyrin synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Hou
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Effects of superfine grinding on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of Sanchi ( Panax notoginseng) flower powders. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 58:62-73. [PMID: 33505052 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sanchi flowers were traditionally used as functional medicinal ingredient in materials. The study was aimed at evaluating superfine powder product of Sanchi flower, hence in this study, five fractions of dried Sanchi flower powders (SFP) were prepared at variable particle sizes by superfine grinding and evaluated for changes in various properties. Superfine powder with median particle diameter of 25.57 μm was produced through grinding. It was evident from the environmental scanning electron microscopy analysis that during superfine grinding, mechanical shear stress played its crucial role in breakdown of the SFP and causes increases in surface area owing to reduction of particle sizes. Superfine grinding could improve solubility, oil holding capacity, and brightness, but decrease the fluidity of SFP. SFP with smallest particle size exhibited highest saponin, minerals, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents accompanied with the best antioxidant activities. Size reduction beyond M200 and M400 led to increasing tendency in IR signature band patterns and marked differences in peak intensities while the powdered samples showed resemblance with respect to peak shapes. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated the lowest melting temperature for SFP fraction with smallest particle size. Conclusively, superfine SFP due to inherent improvement in properties may render several potential applications in manufacturing of food and pharmaceutical additives to impart improved functionalities of finally finished products with uniformity.
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You S, Shi X, Yu D, Zhao D, An Q, Wang D, Zhang J, Li M, Wang C. Fermentation of Panax notoginseng root extract polysaccharides attenuates oxidative stress and promotes type I procollagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblast cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33446178 PMCID: PMC7807718 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax notoginseng is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines. Polysaccharides in P. notoginseng has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of human diseases. However the application of fermentation technology in Panax notoginseng is not common, and the mechanism of action of P. notoginseng polysaccharides produced by fermentation is still unclear. The specific biological mechanisms of fermented P. notoginseng polysaccharides (FPNP) suppresses H2O2-induced apoptosis in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and the underlying mechanism are not well understood. METHODS In this study, the effects of water extracted and fermentation on concentration of polysaccharides in P. notoginseng extracts were analyzed. After the H2O2-induced HDF model of oxidative damage was established, and then discussed by the expression of cell markers, including ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MMP-1, COL-I, ELN, which were detected by related ELISA kits. The expression of TGF-β/Smad pathway markers were tested by qRT-PCR to determine whether FPNP exerted antioxidant activity through TGF-β signaling in HDF cells. RESULTS The polysaccharide content of Panax notoginseng increased after Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC 17452 fermentation. In the FPNP treatment group, ROS and MDA contents were decreased, reversed the down-regulation of the antioxidant activity and expression of antioxidant enzyme (CAT, GSH-Px and SOD) induced by H2O2. Furthermore, the up-regulation in expression of TGF-β, Smad2/3 and the down-regulation in the expression of Smad7 in FPNP treated groups revealed that FPNP can inhibit H2O2-induced collagen and elastin injury by activating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CONCLUSION It was shown that FPNP could inhibit the damage of collagen and elastin induced by H2O2 by activating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby protecting against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. FPNP may be an effective attenuating healing agent that protects the skin from oxidative stress and wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiuqin Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Quan An
- Yunnan Baiyao Group Co., Ltd, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Guo YP, Shao L, Chen MY, Qiao RF, Zhang W, Yuan JB, Huang WH. In Vivo Metabolic Profiles of Panax notoginseng Saponins Mediated by Gut Microbiota in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6835-6844. [PMID: 32449854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNSs) are the major health-beneficial components of P. notoginseng with very low oral bioavailability, which could be biotransformed by gut microbiota in vitro. However, in vivo biotransformation of PNS mediated by gut microbiota is not well known. This study aimed to characterize the in vivo metabolic profiles of PNS mediated by gut microbiota. The saponins and yielded metabolites in rat feces were identified and relatively quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Seventy-three PNS metabolites had been identified in the normal control group, but only 11 PNS metabolites were determined in the pseudo germ-free (GF) group. In addition, the main biotransformation pathway of PNS metabolism was hydrolytic and dehydration reactions. The results indicated that a significant metabolic difference was observed between the normal control group and pseudo GF group, while gut microbiota played a profound role in the biotransformation of PNS in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Man-Yun Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ri-Fa Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jin-Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, Changsha 410008, China
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Wang Q, Mu RF, Liu X, Zhou HM, Xu YH, Qin WY, Yang CR, Wang LB, Li HZ, Xiong WY. Steaming Changes the Composition of Saponins of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen That Function in Treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Obesity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4865-4875. [PMID: 32306731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Saponins of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen have been classified as a type of composition in functional foods for numerous diseases. However, its mild effects and other characteristics limited clinical applications in diseases. Inspired by "nine steaming and nine processing" of P. notoginseng in traditional Chinese medicine, we developed a "steaming"-mimic protocol, which significantly changed the composition of saponins of P. notoginseng from the original, R1, Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd (raw-PNS), to the products after steaming, 20S/R-Rh1, Rk3, Rh4, 20S/R-Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5 (N-PNS). Surprisingly, N-PNS demonstrated promising activities in improving hyperlipidemia and reducing body weight and weight of white adipose tissue and the inhibition of adipogenesis in obese mice. In accordance with the results in vivo, N-PNS remarkably blunted adipogenesis at the early stage of differentiation dose-dependently in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrated that the activity may involve the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by promoting phosphorylation of AMPKT172 and downregulating its downstream factors: sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and fatty acid synthase. Taken together, the steaming-induced eight compositions of saponins showed a very promising function in improving hyperlipidemia and obesity both in vivo and in vitro, providing fundamental evidence for future study and application in treatment of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and other lipid-related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Fang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Biochip Research Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhou Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, People's Republic of China
- Biochip Research Center, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, People's Republic of China
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Panax Notoginseng Saponins Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 Pathway of Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 73:92-99. [PMID: 30531436 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Panax Notoginseng Saponins (PNS) is a formula of Chinese medicine commonly used for treating ischemia myocardial in China. However, its mechanism of action is yet unclear. This study investigated the effect and the mechanism of PNS on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)/bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa-interacting protein3 (BNIP3) pathway of autophagy. METHODS We constructed a rat model of myocardial injury and compared among 4 groups (n = 10, each): the sham-operated group (Sham), the ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), the PNS low-dose group, and the PNS high-dose group were pretreated with PNS (30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively). Serum creatine kinase, malonaldehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase, myocardial tissue superoxide dismutase, and reactive oxygen species were detected in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion after the intervention of PNS. The rat myocardial tissue was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the mitochondria of myocardial cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expressions of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and autophagy-related gene-5 (Atg5) in rat myocardial tissue were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that PNS was significantly protected against MIRI, as evidenced by the decreasing in the concentration of serum CK, MDA, lactate dehydrogenase, and myocardial tissue superoxide dismutase, reactive oxygen species, the attenuation of myocardial tissue histopathological changes and the mitochondrial damages of myocardial cells, and the increase of mitochondria autophagosome in myocardial cells. In addition, PNS significantly increased the expression of LC3 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I in rat myocardial tissue. Moreover, PNS significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Atg5, and Beclin-1 in rat myocardial tissue. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of PNS on MIRI was mainly due to its ability to enhance the mitochondrial autophagy of myocardial tissue through the HIF-1α/BNIP3 pathway.
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Meng Y, Lyu F, Xu X, Zhang L. Recent Advances in Chain Conformation and Bioactivities of Triple-Helix Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1653-1677. [PMID: 31986015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides derived from renewable biomass sources are regarded as environmentally friendly and sustainable polymers. As the third most abundant biomacromolecule in nature, after proteins and nucleic acids, polysaccharides are also closely related with many different life activities. In particular, β-glucans are one of the most widely reported bioactive polysaccharides and are usually considered as biological response modifiers. Among them, β-glucans with triple-helix conformation have been the hottest and most well-researched polysaccharides at present, especially lentinan and schizophyllan, which are clinically used as cancer therapies in some Asian countries. Thus, creation of these active triple-helix polysaccharides is beneficial to the research and development of sustainable "green" biopolymers in the fields of food and life sciences. Therefore, full fundamental research of triple-helix polysaccharides is essential to discover more applications for polysaccharides. In this Review, the recent research progress of chain conformations, bioactivities, and structure-function relationships of triple-helix β-glucans is summarized. The main contents include the characterization methods of the macromolecular conformation, proof of triple helices, bioactivities, and structure-function relationships. We believe that the governments, enterprises, universities, and institutes dealing with the survival and health of human beings can expect the development of natural bioproducts in the future. Hence, a deep understanding of β-glucans with triple-helix chain conformation is necessary for application of natural medicines and biologics for a sustainable world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- College of Chemistry & Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Fengzhi Lyu
- College of Chemistry & Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Wright SM, Altman E. Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Viruses, Types 1 and 2, by Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:101-108. [PMID: 31693840 PMCID: PMC9728284 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1908.08047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infections by herpes simplex viruses have an immense impact on humans, ranging from selflimiting, benign illness to serious, life-threatening diseases. While nucleoside analog drugs are available, resistance has been increasing and currently no vaccine exists. Ginsenosides derived from Panax ginseng have been documented to inhibit several viruses and bolster immune defenses. This study evaluated 12 of the most relevant ginsenosides from P. ginseng for toxicities and inhibition of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 in Vero cells. The effects of test compounds and virus infection were determined using a PrestoBlue cell viability assay. Time course studies were also conducted to better understand at what points the virus life cycle was affected. Non-toxic concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined and ranged from 12.5 µM to greater than 100 µM. Ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 demonstrated the greatest inhibitory effect and was active against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 with an IC50 of approximately 35 µM. The most dramatic inhibition-over 100% compared to controls-occurred when the virus was exposed to 20(S)-Rg3 for 4 h prior to being added to cells. 20(S)-Rg3 holds promise as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against herpes simplex viruses and, when used together with valacyclovir, may prevent increased resistance to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Wright
- Department of Biology and the Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, TN 37132, USA,Corresponding author Phone: +615-898-2056 Fax: +615-898-5093 E-mail:
| | - Elliot Altman
- Department of Biology and the Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicine Research, Middle Tennessee State University, TN 37132, USA
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Hao DC, Xiao PG. Impact of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics and their Relevance Upon Traditional Medicine-based Cardiovascular Drug Research. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:556-574. [PMID: 31237211 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190618101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The representative cardiovascular herbs, i.e. Panax, Ligusticum, Carthamus, and Pueraria plants, are traditionally and globally used in the prevention and treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. Modern phytochemical studies have found many medicinal compounds from these plants, and their unique pharmacological activities are being revealed. However, there are few reviews that systematically summarize the current trends of Drug Metabolism/Pharmacokinetic (DMPK) investigations of cardiovascular herbs. METHODS Here, the latest understanding, as well as the knowledge gaps of the DMPK issues in drug development and clinical usage of cardiovascular herbal compounds, was highlighted. RESULTS The complicated herb-herb interactions of cardiovascular Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herb pair/formula significantly impact the PK/pharmacodynamic performance of compounds thereof, which may inspire researchers to develop a novel herbal formula for the optimized outcome of different cardiovascular diseases. While the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADME/T) of some compounds has been deciphered, DMPK studies should be extended to more cardiovascular compounds of different medicinal parts, species (including animals), and formulations, and could be streamlined by versatile omics platforms and computational analyses. CONCLUSION In the context of systems pharmacology, the DMPK knowledge base is expected to translate bench findings to clinical applications, as well as foster cardiovascular drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Cheng Hao
- Biotechnology Institute, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
| | - Pei-Gen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Tong Q, Zhu PC, Zhuang Z, Deng LH, Wang ZH, Zeng H, Zheng GQ, Wang Y. Notoginsenoside R1 for Organs Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1204. [PMID: 31680976 PMCID: PMC6811647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) exerts pharmacological actions for a variety of diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, acute renal injury, and intestinal injury. Here, we conducted a preclinical systematic review of NGR1 for ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Eight databases were searched from their inception to February 23rd, 2019; Review Manager 5.3 was applied for data analysis. CAMARADES 10-item checklist and cell 10-item checklist were used to evaluate the methodological quality. Twenty-five studies with 304 animals and 124 cells were selected. Scores of the risk of bias in animal studies ranged from 3 to 8, and the cell studies ranged from 3 to 5. NGR1 had significant effects on decreasing myocardial infarct size in myocardial I/R injury, decreasing cerebral infarction volume and neurologic deficit score in cerebral I/R injury, decreasing serum creatinine in renal I/R injury, and decreasing Park/Chiu score in intestinal I/R injury compared with controls (all P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The multiple organ protection of NGR1 after I/R injury is mainly through the mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory, promoting angiogenesis and improving energy metabolism. The findings showed the organ protection effect of NGR1 after I/R injury, and NGR1 can potentially become a novel drug candidate for ischemic diseases. Further translation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng-Chong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li-Hui Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wound Healing and the Use of Medicinal Plants. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2684108. [PMID: 31662773 PMCID: PMC6778887 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is the process by which skin repairs itself. It is generally accepted that cutaneous wound healing can be divided into 4 phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. In humans, keratinocytes re-form a functional epidermis (reepithelialization) as rapidly as possible, closing the wound and reestablishing tissue homeostasis. Dermal fibroblasts migrate into the wound bed and proliferate, creating “granulation tissue” rich in extracellular matrix proteins and supporting the growth of new blood vessels. Ultimately, this is remodelled over an extended period, returning the injured tissue to a state similar to that before injury. Dysregulation in any phase of the wound healing cascade delays healing and may result in various skin pathologies, including nonhealing, or chronic ulceration. Indigenous and traditional medicines make extensive use of natural products and derivatives of natural products and provide more than half of all medicines consumed today throughout the world. Recognising the important role traditional medicine continues to play, we have undertaken an extensive survey of literature reporting the use of medical plants and plant-based products for cutaneous wounds. We describe the active ingredients, bioactivities, clinical uses, formulations, methods of preparation, and clinical value of 36 medical plant species. Several species stand out, including Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, and Paeonia suffruticosa, which are popular wound healing products used by several cultures and ethnic groups. The popularity and evidence of continued use clearly indicates that there are still lessons to be learned from traditional practices. Hidden in the myriad of natural products and derivatives from natural products are undescribed reagents, unexplored combinations, and adjunct compounds that could have a place in the contemporary therapeutic inventory.
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Guo YP, Chen MY, Shao L, Zhang W, Rao T, Zhou HH, Huang WH. Quantification of Panax notoginseng saponins metabolites in rat plasma with in vivo gut microbiota-mediated biotransformation by HPLC-MS/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:231-240. [PMID: 30910060 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the major components of Panax notoginseng, with multiple pharmacological activities but poor oral bioavailability. PNS could be metabolized by gut microbiota in vitro, while the exact role of gut microbiota of PNS metabolism in vivo remains poorly understood. In this study, pseudo germ-free rat models were constructed by using broad-spectrum antibiotics to validate the gut microbiota-mediated transformation of PNS in vivo. Moreover, a high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of four metabolites of PNS, including ginsenoside F1 (GF1), ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2), ginsenoside compound K (GCK) and protopanaxatriol (PPT). The results showed that the four metabolites could be detected in the control rat plasma, while they could not be determined in pseudo germ-free rat plasma. The results implied that PNS could not be biotransformed effectively when gut microbiota was disrupted. In conclusion, gut microbiota plays an important role in biotransformation of PNS into metabolites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Man-Yun Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Xu C, Wang W, Wang B, Zhang T, Cui X, Pu Y, Li N. Analytical methods and biological activities of Panax notoginseng saponins: Recent trends. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:443-465. [PMID: 30802611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, also called Sanqi, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has long history used as herbal medicines. It is currently an important medicinal material in China, holding the first place in the sale volume of the whole patent medicines market in China, and the market size of the single species has exceeded 10 billion yuan. In addition, P. notoginseng is an important constituent part of many famous Chinese patent medicines, such as Compound Danshen Dripping Pills and Yunnan Baiyao. P. notoginseng saponins (PNSs), which are the major active components of P. notoginseng, are a kind of chemical mixture containing different dammarane-type saponins. Many studies show that PNSs have been extensively used in medical research or applications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, acute lung injury, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, various PNS preparations, such as injections and capsules, have been made commercially available and are widely applied in clinical practice. AIM OF THE REVIEW Since the safety and efficacy of compounds are related to their qualitative and quantitative analyses, this review briefly summarizes the analytic approaches for PNSs and their biological effects developed in the last decade. METHODOLOGY This review conducted a systematic search in electronic databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI, since 2009. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers and patents in either English or Chinese. RESULTS At present, the chromatographic technique remains the most extensively used approach for the identification or quantitation of PNSs, coupled with different detectors, among which the difference mainly lies in their sensitivity and specificity for analyzing various compounds. It is well-known that PNSs have traditionally strong activity on cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, or brain injury. The recent studies showed that PNSs also responded to osteoporosis, cancers, diabetes, and drug toxicity. However, some other studies also showed that some PNSs injections and special PNS components might lead to some biological toxicity under certain dosages. CONCLUSION This review may be used as a basis for further research in the field of quantitative and qualitative analyses, and is expected to provide updated and valuable insights into the potential medicinal applications of PNSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Xu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng Resources of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiqiong Pu
- Experiment Center for Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ning Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Research Institute of KPC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Kunming 650100, China.
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Hu G, Song B, Jiang A, Chu B, Shen X, Tang J, Su Y, He Y. Multifunctional Silicon-Carbon Nanohybrids Simultaneously Featuring Bright Fluorescence, High Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1803200. [PMID: 30680914 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a class of multifunctional silicon-carbon nanohybrids (designated as SiCNs), which simultaneously possess aqueous dispersibility, bright fluorescence (photoluminescence quantum yield [PLQY]: ≈28%), as well as high antibacterial and wound healing activity, is presented. Taking advantage of these unique merits, cell distribution and pharmacological behavior of the SiCNs is first investigated through tracking their strong and stable fluorescence. The high bacteria inhibition ability (≈82.9% killing rate toward S. aureus) and hemostatic effects (shorten the bleeding time from ≈60 to ≈15 s) of the resultant SiCNs are then demonstrated. Moreover, the wound closure promotion activity (10% lead in wound contraction) is systematically demonstrated in vivo, which is especially suitable for wound healing applications. The results suggest the SiCNs as a new kind of high-performance multifunctional nanoagents suitable for various biological and biomedical utilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Hu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bin Song
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Airui Jiang
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Binbin Chu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaobin Shen
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiali Tang
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yao He
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biochemical Analysis, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Qu Y, Liu HY, Guo XX, Luo Y, Wang CX, He JH, Xu TR, Yang Y, Cui XM. Converting ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng by microwave processing and improving their anticoagulant and anticancer activities. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40471-40482. [PMID: 35558242 PMCID: PMC9091412 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08021f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A microwave processing technology was applied to degrade saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng. Six transformation products (1–6), named 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (1), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (2), notoginsenoside SFt3 (3), ginsenoside Rk1 (4), ginsenoside Rg5 (5), and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (6) were isolated and identified from a microwave processed extract of the stems and leaves of P. notoginseng (MEL). This transformation method was also applied for producing the minor ginsenosides in flowers, seeds and pedicels of P. notoginseng. The extract and compounds 1–6 in MEL were evaluated in vitro for anticancer and anticoagulant activities. The results showed that the MEL extract and transformation products had outstanding inhibitory activities against human cervical cancer Hela and lung cancer A549 cells. The strongest inhibitory effect was observed for 20(S)-Rh2 (6) with an IC50 value of 8.23 μM in Hela cells. Moreover, the results showed that the MEL significantly prolonged prothrombin time in a concentration-dependent manner. The anticoagulant effect of the MEL improved with the increased contents of Rk1, Rg5, and SFt3. A microwave processing technology was used to produce anticoagulant and anticancer compounds from the stems and leaves of Panax notoginseng.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University of Arts and Science
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Cheng-Xiao Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Jiang-Hua He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Tian-Rui Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Ye Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiu-Ming Cui
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng
- Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- University Based Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening and Utilization of Targeted Drugs
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
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