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Wu D, Lin Q, Wang Z, Huang H, Song X, Gao Y, Yang X, Wen K, Sun X. Mechanism of Xue-Jie-San treating Crohn's disease complicated by atherosclerosis: Network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156169. [PMID: 39488873 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD), as a chronic systemic inflammatory disease, is strongly associated with the development of premature atherosclerosis (AS). Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke, is a lethal complication of CD. Nowadays, there is a lack of effective monotherapy for CD complicated by AS. PURPOSE To explore the underlying effects and mechanisms of Xue-Jie-San (XJS) on treating CD complicated by AS via network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS The targets of XJS components were obtained from TCMSP, ETCM and PubChem databases as well as the disease genes of CD and AS from GeneCards, DisGeNET and OMIM databases. The core targets were screened out from the drug-disease common targets identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and then analyzed with GO and KEGG enrichment. The interaction between core target and XJS component was detected by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Subsequently, the core targets were validated via GEO datasets and their biological functions were confirmed in vitro. Nile red staining was used to evaluated lipid accumulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chemokine CCL2 and CXCL8 were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The activity of the TLR4/Myd88/NF-κB signaling pathway was assessed using Western blot. RESULTS In total, 26 common target genes of XJS, CD and AS were found. Among them, 11 core genes were identified by PPI network analysis. The effects of XJS treating CD complicated by AS were mainly mediated by the lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, inflammatory bowel disease pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation displayed strong binding affinity between XJS component and the core target. Six core genes including TLR4, IL-1β, TNF, ICAM1, CCL2 and CXCL8 were validated by GEO datasets. In vitro, the effects of XJS on reducing lipid accumulation, secretion of IL-1β, IL6, TNF-α, CCL2 and CXCL8, and the protein expressions of TLR4, Myd88, p-p65 and ICAM1 were verified. CONCLUSION XJS is a potential candidate drug for the treatment of CD complicated by AS. The underlying mechanisms involve mitigation of lipid accumulation-mediated endothelial dysfunction and blockage of immune inflammatory response by targeting TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiu Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Xiudao Song
- Clinical Pharmaceutical Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yin Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Pala B, Tocci G, Nardoianni G, Barbato E, Amedei A. Gut Microbiome and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness: A Narrative Review of the Current Scenario. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:2463. [PMID: 39594129 PMCID: PMC11592993 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14222463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to the last update, the gut microbiome (GM) had been associated with a different physiologic host process, including those affecting cardiovascular health. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is an indicator of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. The GM influence on atherosclerosis progression has garnered growing attention in recent years but the consensus in subclinical atherosclerosis remains elusive. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the connection between the GM and carotid IMT, encompassing mechanisms like the microbiome impact on metabolite production, and systemic inflammation, and its effects on endothelial function. The literature analysis revealed that the GM appears to exert an influence on carotid IMT development, likely through mechanisms involving metabolites' production, systemic inflammation, and endothelial function modulation. Additional research, however, is needed to finely elucidate the relationship between the GM and atherosclerosis. Specifically, more extensive studies are required to pinpoint individuals at the highest risk of developing atherosclerosis based on their GM composition. This will facilitate the enhancement and optimization of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies and enable the treatments' customization for each patient. Further investigations are required to refine patient outcomes in the context of probiotics and other interventions aimed at improving microbiome composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pala
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Giulia Nardoianni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome Sapienza, 00189 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (G.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50134 Florence, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 50139 Florence, Italy
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Agarwal S, Tomar N, Makwana M, Patra S, Chopade BA, Gupta V. Air pollution, dysbiosis and diseases: pneumonia, asthma, COPD, lung cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:1497-1513. [PMID: 39345043 PMCID: PMC11492635 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2401263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
With substantial effects on human health, air pollution has become a major global concern. Air pollution has been linked to numerous gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases with increasing mortalities. The gut and respiratory dysbiosis brought about by air pollution has recently received much attention. This review attempts to provide an overview of the types of air pollutants, their sources, their impact on the respiratory and gut dysbiotic patterns and their correlation with five major diseases including pneumonia, asthma, COPD, lung cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Deeper insights into the links between pollutants, dysbiosis and disease may pave the way for novel diagnostic biomarkers for prognosis and early detection of these diseases, as well as ways to ease the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelja Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nandini Tomar
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Meet Makwana
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Sandeep Patra
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Balu A Chopade
- AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Jarmukhanov Z, Mukhanbetzhanov N, Kozhakhmetov S, Nurgaziyev M, Sailybayeva A, Bekbossynova M, Kushugulova A. The association between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and heart failure. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1440241. [PMID: 39391607 PMCID: PMC11464299 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1440241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review explores the relationship between the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and heart failure (HF), given the significant impact of TMAO on cardiovascular health. A systematic search and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies published from 2013 to 2024 were conducted, focusing on adult patients with heart failure and healthy controls. The review found that elevated levels of TMAO are associated with atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular disease risk, all of which can exacerbate heart failure. The analysis also highlights that high TMAO levels are linked to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), further supporting TMAO's role as a biomarker in heart failure assessment. The findings suggest that interventions targeting gut microbiota to reduce TMAO could potentially benefit patients with heart failure, although further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zharkyn Jarmukhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurislam Mukhanbetzhanov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Samat Kozhakhmetov
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Madiyar Nurgaziyev
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Almagul Kushugulova
- Laboratory of Microbiome, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Wang M, Zheng L, Meng Y, Ma S, Zhao D, Xu Y. Broadening horizons: intestinal microbiota as a novel biomarker and potential treatment for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1446580. [PMID: 39239636 PMCID: PMC11374776 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1446580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are severe complications of pregnancy with high morbidity and are a major cause of increased maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is a lack of effective early diagnostic indicators and safe and effective preventive strategies for HDP in clinical practice, except for monitoring maternal blood pressure levels, the degree of proteinuria, organ involvement and fetal conditions. The intestinal microbiota consists of the gut flora and intestinal environment, which is the largest microecosystem of the human body and participates in material and energy metabolism, gene expression regulation, immunity regulation, and other functions. During pregnancy, due to changes in hormone levels and altered immune function, the intestinal microecological balance is affected, triggering HDP. A dysregulated intestinal microenvironment influences the composition and distribution of the gut flora and changes the intestinal barrier, driving beneficial or harmful bacterial metabolites and inflammatory responses to participate in the development of HDP and promote its malignant development. When the gut flora is dysbiotic and affects blood pressure, supplementation with probiotics and dietary fiber can be used to intervene. In this review, the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and HDP was investigated to explore the feasibility of the gut flora as a novel biomarker of HDP and to provide a new strategy and basis for the prevention and treatment of clinical HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Donghai Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Medical College, Jilin, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Turkistani A, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Al‐Windy S, Batiha GE. Pharmacological characterization of the antidiabetic drug metformin in atherosclerosis inhibition: A comprehensive insight. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1346. [PMID: 39092773 PMCID: PMC11295104 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a progressive disease that interferes with blood flow, leading to cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and vascular ischemia. The progression of AS is correlated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Various signaling pathways, like nuclear erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), are involved in the pathogenesis of AS. Nrf2 and KLF2 have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Thus, activation of these pathways may reduce the development of AS. Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), increases the expression of Nrf2 and KLF2. AS is a common long-term macrovascular complication of T2DM. Thus, metformin, through its pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effect, may attenuate the development and progression of AS. AIMS Therefore, this review aims to investigate the possible role of metformin in AS concerning its effect on Nrf2 and KLF2 and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. In addition to its antidiabetic effect, metformin can reduce cardiovascular morbidities and mortalities compared to other antidiabetic agents, even with similar blood glucose control by the Nrf2/KLF2 pathway activation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, metformin is an effective therapeutic strategy against the development and progression of AS, mainly through activation of the KLF2/Nrf2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Turkistani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of MedicineTaif UniversityTaifSaudi Arabia
| | - Haydar M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineJabir ibn Hayyan Medical UniversityKufaIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
- Department of Research & DevelopmentFunogenAthensGreece
- University Centre for Research & DevelopmentChandigarh UniversityPunjabIndia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Mostafa M. Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of PharmacyHorus UniversityNew DamiettaEgypt
| | - Salah Al‐Windy
- Department of Biology, College of ScienceBaghdad UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Berard M, Chassain K, Méry C, Gillaizeau F, Carton T, Humeau H, Navasiolava N, Rocour S, Schurgers L, Kempf M, Martin L. Changes in the gut microbiota of pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2024; 151:103290. [PMID: 39003978 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2024.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare autosomal disorder with a variable phenotype that may be modulated by environmental factors. Plasma vitamin K (VK) levels may be involved in the ectopic calcification process observed in PXE. Since VK2 is predominantly produced by the gut microbiota, we hypothesized that changes in the gut microbiota of PXE patients might exacerbate the calcification process and disease symptoms. METHODS Twenty PXE patients were included in the study and 60 gut microbiota profiles from the Biofortis laboratory database were used as controls. RESULTS The Rhodospirillaceae family was more abundant in the PXE group while the Sphingomonadaceae family was more abundant in the control group. In a PXE severity subgroup analysis, microbiota dispersion was lower in "severe" than in "non-severe" patients, which was confirmed by permutation multivariate analysis of variance at the phylum, family and genus ranks. However, no significant association was found in a model incorporating relative abundance of bacterial families, severity score, and different blood and fecal VK species. CONCLUSION These results suggest slight compositional changes in the gut microbiota of PXE patients. Further studies are needed to substantiate their impact on VK metabolism and the calcification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berard
- National Reference Center for PXE (MAGEC Nord), Dept. of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - K Chassain
- National Reference Center for PXE (MAGEC Nord), Dept. of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - C Méry
- Biofortis SAS, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
| | | | - T Carton
- Biofortis SAS, 44800 Saint Herblain, France
| | - H Humeau
- National Reference Center for PXE (MAGEC Nord), Dept. of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - N Navasiolava
- National Reference Center for PXE (MAGEC Nord), Dept. of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - S Rocour
- National Reference Center for PXE (MAGEC Nord), Dept. of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - L Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - M Kempf
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Dept. of Infectious Agents, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France; Nantes University, Angers University, INSERM, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1302/EMR6001, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - L Martin
- National Reference Center for PXE (MAGEC Nord), Dept. of Dermatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France; Angers University, MitoVasc (INSERM U1083, CNRS 6015), SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France.
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Ouyang W, Tang B, He Y, Wu H, Yang P, Yin L, Li X, Li Y, Huang X. Mediation effect of gut microbiota on the relationship between physical activity and carotid plaque. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1432008. [PMID: 39056008 PMCID: PMC11269180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1432008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has been shown to have an effect on Carotid plaque (CP) which is a predictor of Cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that physical activity can alter the composition of gut microbiota, whether its influence on CP was mediated by gut microbiota has yet to be proved. Methods We conducted a case-control study involving 30 CP patients and 31 controls. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between CP and physical activity. LefSe was used to explore the association between gut microbiota and physical activity as well as CP, and PhyloMed was used to examine the mediating effect of gut microbiota in the association between physical activity and CP. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, adequate physical activity showed a significant association with a decreased risk of CP (ORadj: 0.25, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.97). CP was associated with enrichment in the order Bacteroidales within the phylum Bacteroidetes and the predominant microbiota in individuals without plaque was the order Clostridiales (LDA scores >3). Individuals with adequate physical activity had a higher abundance of the order Clostridiales, while the order Bacteroidetes was enriched in individuals with inadequate physical activity (LDA scores >3). The PhyloMed revealed a significant mediation effect of gut microbiota in the association between physical activity and CP (p = 0.03). Conclusion Adequate physical activity was significantly associated with a decreased risk of CP, and this association was mediated by an increase in the abundance of gut microbiota in the order Clostridiales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ouyang
- Department of Epidemiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yongmei He
- Department of Health Management, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
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Li XJ, Fang C, Zhao RH, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116313. [PMID: 38788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs. These different BAs exert complex effects on health and ageing-related diseases through several key nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still debated. Therefore, the modulation of signalling pathways by regulating synthesis and composition of BAs represents an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies of ageing-related diseases. This review provides an overview of synthesis and transportion of BAs in the healthy body, emphasizing its dependence on microbial community metabolic capacity. Additionally, the review also explores how ageing and ageing-related diseases affect metabolism and composition of BAs. Understanding BA metabolism network and the impact of their nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 5 agonists, paves the way for developing therapeutic agents for targeting BA metabolism in various ageing-related diseases, such as metabolic disorder, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, renal damage and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Chu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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Yuan L, Li Y, Chen M, Xue L, Wang J, Ding Y, Gu Q, Zhang J, Zhao H, Xie X, Wu Q. Therapeutic applications of gut microbes in cardiometabolic diseases: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:156. [PMID: 38244075 PMCID: PMC10799778 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) encompasses a range of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Recent findings about CMD's interaction with gut microbiota have broadened our understanding of how diet and nutrition drive microbes to influence CMD. However, the translation of basic research into the clinic has not been smooth, and dietary nutrition and probiotic supplementation have yet to show significant evidence of the therapeutic benefits of CMD. In addition, the published reviews do not suggest the core microbiota or metabolite classes that influence CMD, and systematically elucidate the causal relationship between host disease phenotypes-microbiome. The aim of this review is to highlight the complex interaction of the gut microbiota and their metabolites with CMD progression and to further centralize and conceptualize the mechanisms of action between microbial and host disease phenotypes. We also discuss the potential of targeting modulations of gut microbes and metabolites as new targets for prevention and treatment of CMD, including the use of emerging technologies such as fecal microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine. KEY POINTS: • To highlight the complex interaction of the gut microbiota and their metabolites with CMD progression and to further centralize and conceptualize the mechanisms of action between microbial and host disease phenotypes. • We also discuss the potential of targeting modulations of gut microbes and metabolites as new targets for prevention and treatment of CMD, including the use of emerging technologies such as FMT and nanomedicine. • Our study provides insight into identification-specific microbiomes and metabolites involved in CMD, and microbial-host changes and physiological factors as disease phenotypes develop, which will help to map the microbiome individually and capture pathogenic mechanisms as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qihui Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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11
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Perrotta S, Carnevale D. Brain-Splenic Immune System Interactions in Hypertension: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:65-75. [PMID: 37942610 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major worldwide cause of death and disability, and it is becoming increasingly clear that available therapies are not sufficient to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events. Various mechanisms contribute to blood pressure increase: neurohormonal activation, autonomic nervous system imbalance, and immune activation. Of note, the brain is an important regulator of blood pressure levels; it recognizes the peripheral perturbation and organizes a reflex response by modulating immune system and hormonal release to attempt at restoring the homeostasis. The connection between the brain and peripheral organs is mediated by the autonomic nervous system, which also modulates immune and inflammatory responses. Interestingly, an increased autonomic nervous system activity has been correlated with an altered immune response in cardiovascular diseases. The spleen is the largest immune organ exerting a potent influence on the cardiovascular system during disease and is characterized by a dense noradrenergic innervation. Taken together, these aspects led to hypothesize a key role of neuroimmune mechanisms in the onset and progression of hypertension. This review discusses how the nervous and splenic immune systems interact and how the mechanisms underlying the neuroimmune cross talk influence the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Perrotta
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.P., D.C.)
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy (S.P., D.C.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy (D.C.)
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12
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Oh JH, Jun DW. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease–related extrahepatic complications, associated outcomes, and their treatment considerations. METABOLIC STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE 2024:101-122. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-99649-5.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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13
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Georgescu D, Lighezan DF, Rosca CI, Nistor D, Ancusa OE, Suceava I, Iancu MA, Kundnani NR. NASH/NAFLD-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Added Burden. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 38255641 PMCID: PMC10817629 DOI: 10.3390/life14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequently found primary malignancy of the liver, showing an accelerated upward trend over the past few years and exhibiting an increasing relationship with metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The connection between these risk factors and the occurrence of HCC is represented by the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which later, based on genetic predisposition and various triggers (including the presence of chronic inflammation and changes in the intestinal microbiome), may evolve into HCC. HCC in many cases is diagnosed at an advanced stage and can be an incidental finding. We present such a scenario in the case of a 41-year-old male patient who had mild obesity and mixed dyslipidemia, no family or personal records of digestive pathologies and who recently developed a history of progressive fatigue, dyspepsia and mild upper abdominal discomfort initially thought to be linked to post-COVID syndrome, as the patient had COVID-19 pneumonia a month prior. The abdominal ultrasound revealed a mild hepatomegaly with bright liver aspect of the right lobe (diffuse steatosis), a large zone of focal steatosis (segments IV, III and II) and a left lobe tumoral mass, highly suggestive of malignancy. Point shear wave elastography at the right lobe ruled out an end-stage chronic liver disease. Additional laboratory investigations, imaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging) and histopathological examination of liver fragments confirmed a highly aggressive HCC, with poorly differentiation-G3, (T4, N 1M 0) and stage IVA, associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). A sorafenib course of treatment was attempted, but the patient discontinued it due to severe side effects. The subsequent evolution was extremely unfavorable, with rapid degradation, a few episodes of upper digestive bleeding, hepatic insufficiency and mortality in a couple of months. Conclusions: Diagnosis of NASH-related HCC is either an accidental finding or is diagnosed at an advanced stage. In order to earn time for a proper treatment, it becomes important to diagnose it at an early stage, for which regular check-ups should be performed in groups having the risk factors related to it. Patients suffering from obesity and mixed dyslipidemia should undergo periodic abdominal ultrasound examinations. This should be emphasized even more in the cases showing NASH. Complaints of any kind post-COVID-19 should be dealt with keenly as little is yet known about its virulence and its long-term side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Georgescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Florin Lighezan
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ilie Rosca
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Daciana Nistor
- Department of Functional Sciences, Physiology, Centre of Imuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies (CIFBIOTEH), “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in Cancer, 3000723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Elena Ancusa
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Suceava
- Department of Internal Medicine I—Medical Semiotics I, Centre for Advanced Research in Cardiovascular Diseases and Hemostaseology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Adela Iancu
- Department 5, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, No. 37, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology—Discipline of Internal Medicine and Ambulatory Care, Prevention and Cardiovascular Recovery, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
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14
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Wang Z, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Liu A, Wang S, Preston RJS, Zaytseva YY, He G, Xiao W, Hennig B, Deng P. Inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases induced by persistent organic pollutants and nutritional interventions: Effects of multi-organ interactions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122756. [PMID: 37844865 PMCID: PMC10842216 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
The development and outcome of inflammatory diseases are associated with genetic and lifestyle factors, which include chemical and nonchemical stressors. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are major groups of chemical stressors. For example, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are closely associated with the incidence of inflammatory diseases. The pathology of environmental chemical-mediated inflammatory diseases is complex and may involve disturbances in multiple organs, including the gut, liver, brain, vascular tissues, and immune systems. Recent studies suggested that diet-derived nutrients (e.g., phytochemicals, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibers) could modulate environmental insults and affect disease development, progression, and outcome. In this article, mechanisms of environmental pollutant-induced inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases are reviewed, focusing on multi-organ interplays and highlighting recent advances in nutritional strategies to improve the outcome of cardiometabolic diseases associated with environmental exposures. In addition, advanced system biology approaches are discussed, which present unique opportunities to unveil the complex interactions among multiple organs and to fuel the development of precision intervention strategies in exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aowen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Roger J S Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Guangzhao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Cancer Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pan Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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15
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Chen L, Chen J, Huang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Ni W, Lu Y, Li Z, Zhao C, Kong S, Zhou H, Qu X. Changes of the gut microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid in patients with atrial fibrillation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16228. [PMID: 38084144 PMCID: PMC10710774 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the establishment of the cardiac-gut axis concept, increasing evidence has suggested the involvement and important regulatory role of the gut microbiota (GM) and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in cardiovascular diseases. However, the relationship between GM and atrial fibrillation (AF) is still poorly understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether there were differences in GM and SCFA between AF patients and healthy controls. Methods In this study, we enrolled 30 hospitalized patients with AF and 30 matched patients with sinus rhythm (SR). GM species in fecal samples were evaluated through amplicon sequencing targeting the 16Sribosomal RNA gene. The feces SCFAs were describe step by step the quantitative analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GM species richness, diversity, differential abundance of individual taxa between AF and SR were analyzed. Results AF patients showed decreased species richness and α-diversity compared to SR patients, but there was no statistical difference. The phylogenetic diversity was significant decreased in AF group. The β-diversity indexes revealed significant differences in GM community structure between the AF group and the SR group. After investigated the individual taxa, AF group showed altered relative abundance in several taxa compared to the SR group. linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed, a significant decrease in Bifidobacterium and a greater abundance of Lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, Haemophilus in AF group compared with the SR group. The abundance of haemophilus was negative correlated with isovaleric acid and isobutyric acid. Conclusions In AF patients, the GM phylogenetic diversity and β-diversity decreased, the relative abundance altered in several taxa and the bacterial community structure changed as well as the SCFA level. GM and SCFA dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the occurrence and development of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinxin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanran Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuhuan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuting Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Qu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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Tu T, Liu H, Liu Z, Liang Y, Tan C, Feng D, Zou J. Amelioration of Atherosclerosis by lycopene is linked to the modulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis and related gut-heart axis activation in high-fat diet-fed ApoE -/- mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:53. [PMID: 38041095 PMCID: PMC10691047 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interplay between gut microbiota and heart, termed "gut-heart" axis, has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Our previous study showed that lycopene possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects, but its link to the gut microbiota is poorly understood. Herein, we surmised that lycopene could regulate the gut microbiota, exert anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating the "gut-heart" axis. METHODS Male ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without lycopene (0.1% w/w) for 19 weeks. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing, the protein levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phospho-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were measured by Western blotting, the levels of serum inflammatory factors including monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 were assayed using ELISA kits. Also, the concentrations of serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), D-lactic acid (D-LA) and diamine peroxidase (DAO) were measured through ELISA method. RESULTS The aortic sinus sections revealed that lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and inhibited atherosclerosis development caused by HFD. The analysis of gut microbiota showed that lycopene reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansia and Alloprevotella, which were related to elevated intestinal barrier function and reduced inflammation. Moreover, lycopene up-regulated the expression of intestinal ZO-1 and occludin and decreased serum LPS, D-LA and DAO levels. In addition, lycopene inhibited the expression of TLR4 and phospho-NF-κB p65 in aortic sinus plaque, serum MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were also lowered by lycopene treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated the protective effect of lycopene against atherosclerosis induced by HFD and further revealed that its mechanism might be its prebiotic effect on maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis and improving intestinal barrier function, consequently reducing serum LPS-triggered inflammatory response in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengcan Tu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 120 Guidan Road, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528244, China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yunyi Liang
- Health Management Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Chujun Tan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 120 Guidan Road, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China.
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17
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Almeida C, Gonçalves-Nobre JG, Alpuim Costa D, Barata P. The potential links between human gut microbiota and cardiovascular health and disease - is there a gut-cardiovascular axis? FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 2. [DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1235126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
The gut-heart axis is an emerging concept highlighting the crucial link between gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota is pivotal in regulating host metabolism, inflammation, and immune function, critical drivers of CVD pathophysiology. Despite a strong link between gut microbiota and CVDs, this ecosystem’s complexity still needs to be fully understood. The short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, and polyamines are directly or indirectly involved in the development and prognosis of CVDs. This review explores the relationship between gut microbiota metabolites and CVDs, focusing on atherosclerosis and hypertension, and analyzes personalized microbiota-based modulation interventions, such as physical activity, diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, as a promising strategy for CVD prevention and treatment.
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18
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Golubeva JA, Sheptulina AF, Elkina AY, Liusina EO, Kiselev AR, Drapkina OM. Which Comes First, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Arterial Hypertension? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2465. [PMID: 37760906 PMCID: PMC10525922 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and arterial hypertension (AH) are widespread noncommunicable diseases in the global population. Since hypertension and NAFLD are diseases associated with metabolic syndrome, they are often comorbid. In fact, many contemporary published studies confirm the association of these diseases with each other, regardless of whether other metabolic factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellites, are present. This narrative review considers the features of the association between NAFLD and AH, as well as possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Golubeva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna F. Sheptulina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu. Elkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Intermediate Level Therapy, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Liusina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton R. Kiselev
- Coordinating Center for Fundamental Research, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana M. Drapkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
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Mocanu A, Bogos RA, Lazaruc TI, Trandafir LM, Lupu VV, Ioniuc I, Alecsa M, Ivanov A, Lupu A, Starcea IM. Exploring a Complex Interplay: Kidney-Gut Axis in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3609. [PMID: 37630799 PMCID: PMC10457891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota is a highly intricate structure with a crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease. It consists of diverse microbial communities that inhabit the gut and contribute to essential functions such as food digestion, nutrient synthesis, and immune system development. The composition and function of the gut microbiota are influenced by a variety of factors, including diet, host genetics, and environmental features. In pediatric patients, the gut microbiota is particularly dynamic and vulnerable to disruption from endogenous and exogenous factors. Recent research has focused on understanding the interaction between the gut and kidneys. In individuals with chronic kidney disease, there is often a significant disturbance in the gut microbiota. This imbalance can be attributed to factors like increased levels of harmful toxins from the gut entering the bloodstream, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This review looks at what is known about the link between a child's gut-kidney axis, how dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the microbiome, affects chronic kidney disease, and what treatments, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, are available for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mocanu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Nephrology Division, St. Mary’s Emergency Children Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Roxana Alexandra Bogos
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Tudor Ilie Lazaruc
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mirabela Alecsa
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ivanov
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Nephrology Division, St. Mary’s Emergency Children Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
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20
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Peña-Jorquera H, Cid-Jofré V, Landaeta-Díaz L, Petermann-Rocha F, Martorell M, Zbinden-Foncea H, Ferrari G, Jorquera-Aguilera C, Cristi-Montero C. Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3244. [PMID: 37513660 PMCID: PMC10386413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as a viable alternative to promote health and mitigate the incidence of, and risk factors associated with, these three health conditions. Understanding the potential benefits of a plant-based diet for human health is crucial, particularly in the face of the rising prevalence of chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Thus, this review focused on the plausible advantages of consuming a type of food pattern for the prevention and/or treatment of chronic diseases, emphasizing the dietary aspects that contribute to these conditions and the evidence supporting the benefits of a plant-based diet for human health. To facilitate a more in-depth analysis, we present separate evidence for each of these three concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing a specific focus on each one. This review underscores the potential of a plant-based diet to target the underlying causes of these chronic diseases and enhance health outcomes for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
| | - Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9160019, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
- Núcleo en Ciencias Ambientales y Alimentarias, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago 8370068, Chile
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7500000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia 7500912, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Carlos Jorquera-Aguilera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2530388, Chile
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21
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Lv J, Wang J, Yu Y, Zhao M, Yang W, Liu J, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang G, Guo L, Zhao H. Alterations of gut microbiota are associated with blood pressure: a cross-sectional clinical trial in Northwestern China. J Transl Med 2023; 21:429. [PMID: 37391847 PMCID: PMC10311887 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN), and could be affected by various factors, including sex and geography. However, available data directly linking GM to HTN based on sex differences are limited. METHODS This study investigated the GM characteristics in HTN subjects in Northwestern China, and evaluate the associations of GM with blood pressure levels based on sex differences. A total of 87 HTN subjects and 45 controls were recruited with demographic and clinical characteristics documented. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS GM diversity was observed higher in females compared to males, and principal coordinate analysis showed an obvious segregation of females and males. Four predominant phyla of fecal GM included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. LEfSe analysis indicated that phylum unidentified_Bacteria was enriched in HTN females, while Leuconostocaceae, Weissella and Weissella_cibaria were enriched in control females (P < 0.05). Functionally, ROC analysis revealed that Cellular Processes (0.796, 95% CI 0.620 ~ 0.916), Human Diseases (0.773, 95% CI 0.595 ~ 0.900), Signal transduction (0.806, 95% CI 0.631 ~ 0.922) and Two-component system (0.806, 95% CI 0.631 ~ 0.922) could differentiate HTN females as effective functional classifiers, which were also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence of fecal GM characteristics in HTN females and males in a northwestern Chinese population, further supporting the notion that GM dysbiosis may participate in the pathogenesis of HTN, and the role of sex differences should be considered. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019191. Registered 30 October 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Quality Control, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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22
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Fadieienko G, Gridnyev O, Kurinna O, Chereliuk N. Gut microbiota changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and concomitant coronary artery disease. COR ET VASA 2023; 65:489-495. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2022.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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23
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Qiu T, Jiang Z, Chen X, Dai Y, Zhao H. Comorbidity of Anxiety and Hypertension: Common Risk Factors and Potential Mechanisms. Int J Hypertens 2023; 2023:9619388. [PMID: 37273529 PMCID: PMC10234733 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9619388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is more common in patients with hypertension, and these two conditions frequently coexist. Recently, more emphasis has been placed on determining etiology in patients with comorbid hypertension and anxiety. This review focuses on the common risk factors and potential mechanisms of comorbid hypertension and anxiety. Firstly, we analyze the common risk factors of comorbid hypertension and anxiety including age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, lead, and traffic noise. The specific mechanisms underlying hypertension and anxiety were subsequently discussed, including interleukin (IL)-6 (IL-6), IL-17, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and gut dysbiosis. Increased IL-6, IL-17, and ROS accelerate the development of hypertension and anxiety. Gut dysbiosis leads to hypertension and anxiety by reducing short-chain fatty acids, vitamin D, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and increasing trimethylamine N-oxide (TAMO) and MYC. These shared risk factors and potential mechanisms may provide an effective strategy for treating and preventing hypertension and comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiu
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- The Central Hospital of Changsha City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Xuancai Chen
- Urinary Surgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yehua Dai
- Nursing College, University of Xiangnan, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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24
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Tkacheva ON, Klimenko NS, Kashtanova DA, Tyakht AV, Maytesyan LV, Akopyan AA, Koshechkin SI, Strazhesko ID. Gut Microbiome in Post-COVID-19 Patients Is Linked to Immune and Cardiovascular Health Status but Not COVID-19 Severity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041036. [PMID: 37110459 PMCID: PMC10144658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome stores the imprints of prior infections and other impacts. COVID-19 can cause changes in inflammatory status that persist for a considerable time after infection ends. As the gut microbiome is closely associated with immunity and inflammation, the infection severity might be linked to its community structure dynamics. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples, we investigated the microbiome three months after the end of the disease/infection or SARS-CoV-2 contact in 178 post-COVID-19 patients and those who contacted SARS-CoV-2 but were not infected. The cohort included 3 groups: asymptomatic subjects (n = 48), subjects who contacted COVID-19 patients with no further infection (n = 46), and severe patients (n = 86). Using a novel compositional statistical algorithm (nearest balance) and the concept of bacterial co-occurrence clusters (coops), we compared microbiome compositions between the groups as well as with multiple categories of clinical parameters including: immunity, cardiovascular parameters and markers of endothelial dysfunction, and blood metabolites. Although a number of clinical indicators varied drastically across the three groups, no differences in microbiome features were identified between them at this follow-up point. However, there were multiple associations between the microbiome features and clinical data. Among the immunity parameters, the relative lymphocyte number was linked to a balance including 14 genera. Cardiovascular parameters were associated with up to four bacterial cooperatives. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was linked to a balance including ten genera and one cooperative. Among the blood biochemistry parameters, calcium was the only parameter associated with the microbiome via a balance of 16 genera. Our results suggest comparable recovery of the gut community structure in the post-COVID-19 period, independently of severity or infection status. The multiple identified associations of clinical analysis data with the microbiome provide hypotheses about the participation of specific taxa in regulating immunity and homeostasis of cardiovascular and other body systems in health, as well as their disruption in SARS-CoV-2 infections and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga N Tkacheva
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia S Klimenko
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kashtanova
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Tyakht
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilova Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lilit V Maytesyan
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Akopyan
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Koshechkin
- Atlas Biomed Group-Knomx LLC, Tintagel House, 92 Albert Embankment, Lambeth, London SE1 7TY, UK
| | - Irina D Strazhesko
- The "Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 16 1st Leonova Str., 129226 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Rezazadeh L, Pourmoradian S, Tutunchi H, Farrin N, Radkhah N, Ostadrahimi A. The effects of probiotics on VCAM-1 and ICAM-1: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 54:60-67. [PMID: 36963899 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of probiotics on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels in adults. METHODS A systematic search current to April 2022 was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database using relevant keywords to detect eligible articles. A random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS Six eligible trials were included in the final analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that there was a significant reduction in VCAM-1 from baseline to post-probiotic course with standardized mean difference [SMD: -0.66 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.23 ng/ml; P = 0.003]. The effects of probiotic intake on VCAM-1 were more pronounced when it was received via supplements [SMD: -0.61 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.08, -0.14 ng/ml; P = 0.010], for 12 weeks [SMD: -0.60 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.12 ng/ml; P = 0.014] and when it was prescribed for individuals with metabolic syndrome [SMD: -0.79 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.40, -0.19 ng/ml; P = 0.010]. Moreover, VCAM-1 levels were decreased in the subgroup of multispecies probiotic regiments [SMD: -0.71 ng/ml; 95% CI: -1.38, -0.04 ng/ml; P = 0.039]. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates potential beneficial effects of probiotics on VCAM-1 in adults. However, more larger-scale, long-time RCTs are needed to confirm the accurate effect of probiotics on endothelial dysfunction biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rezazadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Pourmoradian
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Farrin
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Radkhah
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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26
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Shanmugham M, Bellanger S, Leo CH. Gut-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: Detection, Mechanism, and Potential Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040504. [PMID: 37111261 PMCID: PMC10142468 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active gut microbiome-derived dietary metabolite. Recent studies have shown that high circulating plasma TMAO levels are closely associated with diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, contributing to endothelial dysfunction. There is a growing interest to understand the mechanisms underlying TMAO-induced endothelial dysfunction in cardio-metabolic diseases. Endothelial dysfunction mediated by TMAO is mainly driven by inflammation and oxidative stress, which includes: (1) activation of foam cells; (2) upregulation of cytokines and adhesion molecules; (3) increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (4) platelet hyperreactivity; and (5) reduced vascular tone. In this review, we summarize the potential roles of TMAO in inducing endothelial dysfunction and the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis and progression of associated disease conditions. We also discuss the potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of TMAO-induced endothelial dysfunction in cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meyammai Shanmugham
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Sophie Bellanger
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chen Huei Leo
- Science, Math & Technology, Singapore University of Technology & Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6434-8213
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27
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Khalili L, Centner AM, Salazar G. Effects of Berries, Phytochemicals, and Probiotics on Atherosclerosis through Gut Microbiota Modification: A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043084. [PMID: 36834497 PMCID: PMC9960548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death and disability. The beneficial effects of phytochemicals and probiotics on atherosclerosis have gained significant interest since these functional foods can improve inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiome dysbiosis. The direct effect of the microbiome in atherosclerosis, however, needs further elucidation. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of polyphenols, alkaloids, and probiotics on atherosclerosis using a meta-analysis of studies with mouse models of atherosclerosis. Identification of eligible studies was conducted through searches on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until November 2022. The results showed that phytochemicals reduced atherosclerosis, which was significant in male mice, but not in females. Probiotics, on the other hand, showed significant reductions in plaque in both sexes. Berries and phytochemicals modulated gut microbial composition by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and by upregulating health-promoting bacteria, including Akkermansia muciniphila. This analysis suggests that phytochemicals and probiotics can reduce atherosclerosis in animal models, with a potentially greater effect on male animals. Thus, consumption of functional foods rich in phytochemicals as well as probiotics are viable interventions to improve gut health and reduce plaque burden in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Ann Marie Centner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Correspondence:
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28
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Pushpass RAG, Alzoufairi S, Mancini A, Quilter K, Fava F, Delaiti S, Vrhovsek U, Christensen C, Joyce SA, Tuohy KM, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA. Chronic consumption of probiotics, oats, and apples has differential effects on postprandial bile acid profile and cardiometabolic disease risk markers compared with an isocaloric control (cornflakes): a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:252-265. [PMID: 36811563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary components that impact the gut microbiota may beneficially affect cardiometabolic health, possibly by altered bile acid metabolism. However, impacts of these foods on postprandial bile acids, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic risk markers are unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the chronic effects of probiotics, oats, and apples on postprandial bile acids, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic health biomarkers. METHODS Using an acute within chronic parallel design, 61 volunteers (mean ± SD: age 52 ± 12 y; BMI 24.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to consume 40 g cornflakes (control), 40 g oats or 2 Renetta Canada apples each with 2 placebo capsules per day or 40 g cornflakes with 2 Lactobacillus reuteri capsules (>5 × 109 CFU) per day, for 8 wk. Fasting and postprandial serum/plasma bile acids and cardiometabolic health biomarkers, fecal bile acids, and gut microbiota composition were determined. RESULTS At week 0, oats and apples significantly decreased postprandial serum insulin [area under the curve (AUC): 25.6 (17.4, 33.8) and 23.4 (15.4, 31.4) vs. 42.0 (33.7, 50.2) pmol/L × min and incremental AUC (iAUC): 17.8 (11.6, 24.0) and 13.7 (7.7, 19.8) vs. 29.6 (23.3, 35.8) pmol/L × min] and C-peptide responses [AUC: 599 (514, 684) and 550 (467, 632) vs. 750 (665, 835) ng/mL × min], whereas non-esterified fatty acids were increased [AUC 135 (117, 153) vs. 86.3 (67.9, 105) and iAUC 96.2 (78.8, 114) vs. 60 (42.1, 77.9) mmol/L × min] after the apples vs. control (P ≤ 0.05). Postprandial unconjugated [AUC: predicted means (95% CI) 1469 (1101, 1837) vs. 363 (-28, 754) μmol/L × min and iAUC: 923 (682, 1165) vs. 22.0 (-235, 279) μmol/L × min)] and hydrophobic [iAUC: 1210 (911, 1510) vs. 487 (168, 806) μmol/L × min] bile acid responses were increased after 8 wk probiotic intervention vs. control (P ≤ 0.049). None of the interventions modulated the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS These results support beneficial effects of apples and oats on postprandial glycemia and the ability of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri to modulate postprandial plasma bile acid profiles compared with control (cornflakes), with no relationship evident between circulating bile acids and cardiometabolic health biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Anna Grace Pushpass
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Shouq Alzoufairi
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Karena Quilter
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Fava
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Simone Delaiti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Camilla Christensen
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Susan A Joyce
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, UK.
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29
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Sheng M, Xu S, Chen WW, Li FQ, Zhong YM, Ouyang YX, Liao YL, Lai P. A bibliometric analysis of studies on the gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease from 2004 to 2022. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1083995. [PMID: 36683688 PMCID: PMC9852829 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1083995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota (GM) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Many studies on the GM in CVD have been published in the last decade. However, bibliometric analysis in this field is still lacking. Methods On 30 September 2022, a search of the Web of Science™ (WoS; Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) yielded 1,500 articles and reviews on the GM and CVD. Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to analyze publication trends and research hotspots in this field. Results Our search generated 1,708 publications on the GM in CVD published between 2004 and 2022, and 1,500 articles and review papers were included in the final analysis. The number of publications relating to the GM in CVD increased from 1 in 2004 to 350 in 2021. China (485 publications, 9,728 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 47) and the USA (418 publications, 24,918 non-self-citations, and an H-index of 82) contributed 32.31%, and 27.85%, respectively, of the total number of publications. Examination of the number of publications (Np) and number of citations, excluding self-citations (Nc), of individual authors showed that Y. L. Tian (Np: 18, Nc: 262, and H-index: 12), from China, is the most productive author, followed by R. Knight (Np: 16, Nc: 3,036, and H-index: 15) and M. Nieuwdorp (Np: 16, Nc: 503, and H-index: 9). The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College accounted for the largest number of publications (Np: 62, Nc: 3,727, and H-index: 13, average citation number (ACN): 60.11). The journal Nutrients had the most publications (Np: 73, Nc: 2,036, and ACN: 27.89). The emerging keywords in this field were "monooxygenase 3" (strength 3.24, 2020-2022), "short-chain fatty acid" (strength 4.63, 2021-2022), "fatty liver disease" (strength 3.18, 2021-2022), "metabolic disease" (strength 3.04, 2021-2022), "Mediterranean diet" (strength 2.95, 2021-2022), "prevention" (strength 2.77, 2021-2022), and "intestinal barrier" (strength 2.8, 2021-2022). Conclusion Publications on the GM in CVD rapidly increased in the last decade. The USA was the most influential country in publications in this field, followed by China. The journal with the most publications was Nutrients. Monooxygenase-3, short-chain fatty acids, fatty liver disease, metabolic disease, the Mediterranean diet, intestinal barrier, and prevention are the current hotspots or potential hotspots for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sheng
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuquan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fa-Quan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Ouyang
- Department of Library, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong-Ling Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ping Lai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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30
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Ahmed LA, Al-Massri KF. Gut Microbiota Modulation for Therapeutic Management of Various Diseases: A New Perspective Using Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:43-59. [PMID: 35196976 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220222105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and metabolic illnesses to cancer. Restoring of gut microbiota balance represents an outstanding clinical target for the management of various multidrug-resistant diseases. Preservation of gut microbial diversity and composition could also improve stem cell therapy which now has diverse clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Gut microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy may be considered a highly promising field that could add up towards the improvement of different diseases, increasing the outcome and efficacy of each other through mutual interplay or interaction between both therapies. Importantly, more investigations are required to reveal the cross-talk between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy to pave the way for the development of new therapies with enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This review provides an overview of dysbiosis in various diseases and their management. It also discusses microbiota modulation via antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant to introduce the concept of dysbiosis correction for the management of various diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beneficial interactions between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy as a way for the development of new therapies in addition to limitations and future challenges regarding the applications of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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31
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Cao H, Zhu Y, Hu G, Zhang Q, Zheng L. Gut microbiome and metabolites, the future direction of diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis? Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106586. [PMID: 36460280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has mainly been through an LDL lowering strategy and treatments targeting other traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, which has significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality. However, the overall benefit of targeting these risk factors has stagnated, and the discovery of new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis remains a challenge. Accumulating evidence from clinical and animal experiments has revealed that the gut microbiome play a significant role in human health and disease, including cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome contribute to host health and disease through microbial composition and function. The gut microbiome function like an endocrine organ by generating bioactive metabolites that can impact atherosclerosis. In this review, we describe two gut microbial metabolites/pathways by which the gut affects atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. On the one hand, we discuss the effects of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), bile acids and aromatic amino acid metabolites on the development of atherosclerosis, and the protective effects of beneficial metabolites short chain amino acids and polyamines on atherosclerosis. On the other hand, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies for directly targeting gut microbial metabolites to improve cardiovascular outcomes. Reducing gut-derived TMAO levels and interfering with the bile acid receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are new therapeutic strategies for atherosclerotic disease. Enzymes and receptors in gut microbiota metabolic pathways are potential new drug targets. We need solid insight into these underlying mechanisms to pave the way for therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbial metabolites/pathways for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gaofei Hu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, The Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
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32
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Gaggini M, Minichilli F, Gorini F, Del Turco S, Landi P, Pingitore A, Vassalle C. FIB-4 Index and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte-Ratio as Death Predictor in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010076. [PMID: 36672584 PMCID: PMC9855402 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated liver fibrosis is likely related to coronary artery disease (CAD) by the mediation of systemic inflammation. This study aimed at evaluating the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR) and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), indices of inflammation and fibrosis, respectively, on CAD mortality. Data from 1460 CAD patients (1151 males, age: 68 ± 10 years, mean ± SD) were retrospectively analyzed. Over a median follow-up of 26 months (interquartile range (IQR) 12−45), 94 deaths were recorded. Kaplan−Meier survival analysis revealed worse outcomes in patients with elevation of one or both biomarkers (FIB-4 > 3.25 or/and NLR > 2.04, log-rank p-value < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the elevation of one biomarker (NLR or FIB-4) still confers a significant independent risk for mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.1−2.7, p = 0.023), whereas an increase in both biomarkers confers a risk corresponding to HR = 3.5 (95% CI: 1.6−7.8, p = 0.002). Categorization of patients with elevated FIB-4/NLR could provide valuable information for risk stratification and reduction of residual risk in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Minichilli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Landi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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33
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Lu J, Jin X, Yang S, Li Y, Wang X, Wu M. Immune mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1034537. [PMID: 36590426 PMCID: PMC9794627 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1034537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with unusual changes in the human gut microbiota, most commonly coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Immune mechanisms maintain a dynamic balance between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. When one side changes and the balance is disrupted, different degrees of damage are inflicted on the host and a diseased state gradually develops over time. This review summarizes the immune mechanism of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence of common CVDs, discusses the relationship between gut-heart axis dysfunction and the progression of CVD, and lists the currently effective methods of regulating the gut microbiota for the treatment of CVDs.
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34
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A Comprehensive Review of the Cardioprotective Effect of Marine Algae Polysaccharide on the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223550. [PMID: 36429141 PMCID: PMC9689188 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death worldwide. Recent evidence has demonstrated an association between the gut microbiota and CVD, including heart failure, cerebrovascular illness, hypertension, and stroke. Marine algal polysaccharides (MAPs) are valuable natural sources of diverse bioactive compounds. MAPs have many pharmaceutical activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antidiabetic effects. Most MAPs are not utilized in the upper gastrointestinal tract; however, they are fermented by intestinal flora. The relationship between MAPs and the intestinal microbiota has drawn attention in CVD research. Hence, this review highlights the main action by which MAPs are known to affect CVD by maintaining homeostasis in the gut microbiome and producing gut microbiota-generated functional metabolites and short chain fatty acids. In addition, the effects of trimethylamine N-oxide on the gut microbiota composition, bile acid signaling properties, and CVD prevention are also discussed. This review supports the idea that focusing on the interactions between the host and gut microbiota may be promising for the prevention or treatment of CVD. MAPs are a potential sustainable source for the production of functional foods or nutraceutical products for preventing or treating CVD.
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35
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Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench Infusion Consumption Affects the Inflammatory Status and the Composition of Human Gut Microbiota in Patients with Traits of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Comparative Study. Foods 2022. [PMCID: PMC9601527 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (HI) and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (HA) are rich in polyphenols and their infusions have beneficial effects for patients with metabolic syndrome. To investigate whether these effects are mediated by the gut microbiota, we analysed the effects of daily consumption of HI or HA infusion on the composition of gut microbiota, inflammatory status, and zonulin, a marker of gut barrier permeability. The study was a randomized, double-blind comparative trial. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to two groups and received either HA or HI tea filter bags, each containing 1 g of dried plant material, for daily consumption lasting 4 weeks. The results show that consumption of both infusions resulted in a reduction of some genera belonging to Firmicutes and in a slight but significant reduction in Shannon diversity index. Consumption of HI infusion significantly reduced serum levels of proinflammatory markers and zonulin alongside with the observed trend of Proteobacteria reduction. It can therefore be concluded that the HI and HA infusions could act as prebiotics and thus improve the intestinal environment. In addition, HI infusion has a positive impact on microbial dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction that occur in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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36
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Vyletelová V, Nováková M, Pašková Ľ. Alterations of HDL's to piHDL's Proteome in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, and HDL-Targeted Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1278. [PMID: 36297390 PMCID: PMC9611871 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, steatohepatitis, periodontitis, chronic kidney disease, and others are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which persists even after accounting for traditional cardiac risk factors. The common factor linking these diseases to accelerated atherosclerosis is chronic systemic low-grade inflammation triggering changes in lipoprotein structure and metabolism. HDL, an independent marker of cardiovascular risk, is a lipoprotein particle with numerous important anti-atherogenic properties. Besides the essential role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antithrombotic properties. Inflammation and inflammation-associated pathologies can cause modifications in HDL's proteome and lipidome, transforming HDL from atheroprotective into a pro-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Therefore, a simple increase in HDL concentration in patients with inflammatory diseases has not led to the desired anti-atherogenic outcome. In this review, the functions of individual protein components of HDL, rendering them either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory are described in detail. Alterations of HDL proteome (such as replacing atheroprotective proteins by pro-inflammatory proteins, or posttranslational modifications) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and their impact on cardiovascular health are discussed. Finally, molecular, and clinical aspects of HDL-targeted therapies, including those used in therapeutical practice, drugs in clinical trials, and experimental drugs are comprehensively summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ľudmila Pašková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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37
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Kumar A, Sakhare K, Bhattacharya D, Chattopadhyay R, Parikh P, Narayan KP, Mukherjee A. Communication in non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and role of immunomodulatory nutraceuticals in their management. Front Nutr 2022; 9:966152. [PMID: 36211513 PMCID: PMC9532975 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conveyance of pathogens between organisms causes communicable diseases. On the other hand, a non-communicable disease (NCD) was always thought to have no causative transmissible infective agents. Today, this clear distinction is increasingly getting blurred and NCDs are found to be associated with some transmissible components. The human microbiota carries a congregation of microbes, the majority and the most widely studied being bacteria in the gut. The adult human gut harbors ginormous inhabitant microbes, and the microbiome accommodates 150-fold more genes than the host genome. Microbial communities share a mutually beneficial relationship with the host, especially with respect to host physiology including digestion, immune responses, and metabolism. This review delineates the connection between environmental factors such as infections leading to gut dysbiosis and NCDs and explores the evidence regarding possible causal link between them. We also discuss the evidence regarding the value of appropriate therapeutic immunomodulatory nutritional interventions to reduce the development of such diseases. We behold such immunomodulatory effects have the potential to influence in various NCDs and restore homeostasis. We believe that the beginning of the era of microbiota-oriented personalized treatment modalities is not far away.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Kumar
- Esperer Onco Nutrition Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalyani Sakhare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Purvish Parikh
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Kumar P. Narayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science – Pilani, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Kumar P. Narayan,
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Xie B, Zu X, Wang Z, Xu X, Liu G, Liu R. Ginsenoside Rc ameliorated atherosclerosis via regulating gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990476. [PMID: 36188559 PMCID: PMC9520581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) and the accompanied cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were the leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the association between CVDs, gut microbiota, and metabolites had aroused increasing attention. In the study, we headed our investigation into the underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rc (GRc), an active ingredient of ginsenosides used for the treatment of CVDs, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with high-fat diet (HFD). Seven-week-old male ApoE−/− mice were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control (NC) group, the HFD group, the GRc group (40 mg/kg/d), and the atorvastatin (Ato) group (10 mg/kg/d). Atherosclerotic injury was evaluated by aortic lesions, serum lipid levels, and inflammatory factors. The composition of gut microbiota and fecal metabolite profile were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. The results showed that GRc significantly alleviated HFD-induced aortic lesions, reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HFD-C) level, as well as the alteration of gut microbiota composition, function, and metabolite profile. GRc also reversed HFD change of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Ileibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, Oscillibacter, Blautia, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the genus level, and 23 key metabolites involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, primary bile acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and glucagon signaling pathways. Additionally, eight differential intestinal floras at the genus level were associated with 23 key differential metabolites involving atherosclerotic injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that GRc ameliorated atherosclerotic injury, regulated microbial and metabolomic changes in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice, and suggested a potential correlation among gut microbiota, metabolites, and atherosclerotic injury regarding the mechanisms of GRc against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Liu, ; Runhui Liu,
| | - Runhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Liu, ; Runhui Liu,
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39
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Buawangpong N, Pinyopornpanish K, Phrommintikul A, Chindapan N, Devahastin S, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Increased plasma trimethylamine- N-oxide levels are associated with mild cognitive impairment in high cardiovascular risk elderly population. Food Funct 2022; 13:10013-10022. [PMID: 36069253 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease and cognitive impairment. The association between early stages of cognitive impairment and TMAO in a high CV risk population has not been previously investigated. This study aimed to investigate the association between the plasma TMAO level and cognitive function in a population with a high risk of CV disease. Participants at a high risk of CV were included. The cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. A score lower than 25 out of 30 was used to indicate mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Blood samples of all participants (n = 233) were collected to measure the plasma levels of TMAO and other metabolic parameters, including fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between MCI and high plasma TMAO levels, adjusted for confounding factors. Of 233 patients, the mean age of patients in this study was 64 years old (SD 8.4). The median TMAO level was 4.31 μM (IQR 3.95). The high TMAO level was an independent risk factor of MCI (aOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 5.47; p 0.046), when adjusted for age, gender, health care service scheme, smoking history, metabolic syndrome, and history of established CV events. The high TMAO level was associated with MCI, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. These findings demonstrate that plasma TMAO levels can serve for target prediction as an independent risk factor for MCI in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Buawangpong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
| | - Kanokporn Pinyopornpanish
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
| | - Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
| | - Nathamol Chindapan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand 10160
| | - Sakamon Devahastin
- Advanced Food Processsing Rsesearch Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand 10140.,The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand 10300
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200. .,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand 50200
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40
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Liu J, Hefni ME, Witthöft CM, Bergström M, Burleigh S, Nyman M, Hållenius F. On the effect of flavonoids and dietary fibre in lingonberries on atherosclerotic plaques, lipid profiles and gut microbiota composition in Apoe-/- mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1080-1090. [PMID: 35930435 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2106358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
It has not been clarified whether the anti-atherosclerotic effect of lingonberry can be ascribed to its content of flavonoids or dietary fibre or both. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of whole lingonberries compared with isolated flavonoid and fibre fractions on atherosclerotic plaques, plasma lipid profiles, gut microbiota and microbiota-dependent metabolites in an Apoe-/- mouse model. Mice fed whole lingonberries showed the lowest amount of atherosclerotic plaques, while mice fed the fibre fraction had the highest formation of caecal butyric acid. Flavonoids, rather than dietary fibre, were suggested to be the components that favour proliferation of Akkermansia, as judged by the lowest abundance of this bacterium in mice fed the fibre fraction. All groups fed lingonberry diets had both, lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and creatinine concentrations, compared with the control. To conclude, different components in lingonberries are associated with different physiological effects in Apoe-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mohammed E Hefni
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,Food Industries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Cornelia M Witthöft
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Maria Bergström
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Stephen Burleigh
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frida Hållenius
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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41
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Vesnina A, Prosekov A, Atuchin V, Minina V, Ponasenko A. Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8233. [PMID: 35897799 PMCID: PMC9368664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: "How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?" Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body's antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vesnina
- Laboratory of Natural Nutraceuticals Biotesting, Research Department, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Victor Atuchin
- Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Research and Development Department, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia
- Laboratory of Applied Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- R&D Center “Advanced Electronic Technologies”, Tomsk State University, 634034 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Varvara Minina
- Department of Genetic and Fundamental Medicine, Kemerovo State University, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Ponasenko
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia;
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The Activity of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Hepatogastrointestinal Disorders and Diseases Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137229. [PMID: 35806234 PMCID: PMC9266451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and hepatogastrointestinal diseases are widespread worldwide, since many factors associated with lifestyle and diet influence their development and correlation. Due to these growing health problems, it is necessary to search for effective alternatives for prevention or adjuvants in treating them. The positive impact of regulated microbiota on health is known; however, states of dysbiosis are closely related to the development of the conditions mentioned above. Therefore, the role of prebiotics, probiotics, or symbiotic complexes has been extensively evaluated; the results are favorable, showing that they play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system, the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, and the biotransformation of bile acids, as well as the modulation of their central receptors FXR and TGR-5, which also have essential immunomodulatory and metabolic activities. It has also been observed that they can benefit the host by displacing pathogenic species, improving the dysbiosis state in MetS. Current studies have reported that paraprobiotics (dead or inactive probiotics) or postbiotics (metabolites generated by active probiotics) also benefit hepatogastrointestinal health.
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Garutti M, Nevola G, Mazzeo R, Cucciniello L, Totaro F, Bertuzzi CA, Caccialanza R, Pedrazzoli P, Puglisi F. The Impact of Cereal Grain Composition on the Health and Disease Outcomes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888974. [PMID: 35711559 PMCID: PMC9196906 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grains are a pivotal food category for the human diet and represent an invaluable source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, phytocompunds, minerals, and vitamins. Many studies have shown that the consumption of whole grains is linked to a reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. However, several of their positive health effects seem to disappear when grains are consumed in the refined form. Herein we review the available literature on whole grains with a focus on molecular composition and health benefits on many chronic diseases with the aim to offer an updated and pragmatic reference for physicians and nutrition professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nevola
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Linda Cucciniello
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabiana Totaro
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlos Alejandro Bertuzzi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Peanut skin extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammation reaction and gut microbiota in ApoE−/− mice. Food Res Int 2022; 154:111014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Huang WC, Tung CL, Yang YCSH, Lin IH, Ng XE, Tung YT. Endurance exercise ameliorates Western diet-induced atherosclerosis through modulation of microbiota and its metabolites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3612. [PMID: 35256637 PMCID: PMC8901804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization determined cardiovascular disease to be the leading cause of death globally; atherosclerosis is the primary cause of the high morbidity and mortality rates. Regular physical activity is an effective strategy for maintaining endothelial health and function to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Obesity is also a crucial risk factor for atherosclerotic progression in combination with various complications and systemic inflammation. Physiological homeostasis is modulated by the intestinal microbiota, but the mechanisms through which exercise attenuates atherosclerosis through the microbiota have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of endurance exercise on atherosclerosis induced by a Western diet (WD) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout in terms of microbiota parameters and metabolites. Genetically modified ApoE knockout mice (C57BL/6-Apoeem1Narl/Narl, ApoEKO) and wild-type mice (C57BL6/J) were divided into the following four groups (n = 6), namely, wild-type mice fed a chow diet (WT CD), ApoEKO mice fed a chow diet (ApoE CD), ApoEKO mice fed a WD (ApoE WD), and ApoEKO mice fed a WD and performing endurance exercise (ApoE WD EX), for a 12-week intervention. The WD significantly induced obesity and atherosclerotic syndrome in the ApoE WD group. Severe atherosclerotic lesions and arterial thickness were significantly elevated and accompanied by increases in VCAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β for immune cell chemotaxis and inflammation during atherosclerotic pathogenesis in the ApoE WD group. In addition, dysbiosis in the ApoE WD group resulted in the lowest short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Endurance exercise intervention (ApoE WD EX) significantly alleviated atherosclerotic syndrome by reducing obesity, significantly inhibiting VCAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression, and increasing the production of SCFAs. Modulation of the microbiota associated with inflammation, such as Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, and Lachnospiraceae_ge, and increased SCFA production, particularly through an abundance of Rikenellaceae and Dubosiella, were also observed after exercise intervention. Endurance exercise can alleviate WD-induced atherosclerosis through the amelioration of obesity, inflammation, and chemotaxis signaling, which are modulated by the microbiota and derived SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xin Er Ng
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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Anto L, Blesso CN. Interplay Between Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Atherosclerosis: Role of Dysbiosis and Microbial Metabolites on Inflammation and Disordered Lipid Metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li X, Fan Z, Cui J, Li D, Lu J, Cui X, Xie L, Wu Y, Lin Q, Li Y. Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Value. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:817396. [PMID: 35252396 PMCID: PMC8888860 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.817396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to explore the prognostic value of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in heart failure (HF). Methods PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Database, SINOMED, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched up to June 1, 2021. Studies recording the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) or all-cause mortality in HF patients and their circulating TMAO concentrations were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 13.0. Results Ten articles (12 studies) involving 13,425 participants from 2014 to 2021 were considered. Compared to low-level TMAO, elevated TMAO was correlated with MACEs and all-cause mortality in HF (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.39, P < 0.0001, random-effects model and RR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.28, 1.42, P < 0.0001, random-effects model, respectively). Consistent results were obtained in all examined subgroups as well as in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion Elevated TMAO may be an adverse prognostic indicator in patients with HF. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=267208
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- Second Clinical School of Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liandi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Li
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Georgescu D, Caraba A, Ionita I, Lascu A, Hut EF, Dragan S, Ancusa OE, Suceava I, Lighezan D. Dyspepsia and Gut Microbiota in Female Patients with Postcholecystectomy Syndrome. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:41-56. [PMID: 35136356 PMCID: PMC8816732 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s342882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallstone disease (GSD) represents one of the most frequent digestive disorders, highly reported in female gender. The purpose of the study was to explore the clinical and gut microbiota particularities of female patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) and the possible relationship between gut dysbiosis (DB) and abdominal complaints. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 129 female participants: 104 outpatients divided into two equal groups, 52 PCS (+), 52 PCS (-) and 25 healthy controls were consecutively enrolled in this observational study. Patients underwent clinical examination with assessment of pain, bloating, transit disturbances, abdominal ultrasound/computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, upper and lower digestive endoscopies. Laboratory work-ups and stool microbiology assessments were performed for all study participants (patients and controls). Stool microorganisms were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time-of-flight- mass spectrometry and in patients with DB also by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Older age, complicated gallstones disease, associated conditions like diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance and irritable bowel syndrome were significantly present in PCS (+) group, as well as sedentary lifestyle and diets characterized by a low fiber intake (p<0.0001). PCS (+) patients displayed significant differences related to the incidence and severity of overall gut microbiota DB, decreased H index of biodiversity and the unbalanced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios by comparison to the PCS (-) group (p<0.0001). Strong positive correlations of the severity of overall DB with bloating and the intestinal habit disorders, as well as of F/B ratios to all abdominal symptoms were noted. CONCLUSION PCS in female patients was associated with older age, sedentary lifestyle, specific dietary habits, history of complicated gallstone disease, diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as gut microbiota particularities. Overall DB and unbalanced F/B ratios were strongly correlated to abdominal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Georgescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Caraba
- Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Ionita
- Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ana Lascu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emil Florin Hut
- Department IX of Surgery I/Compartment of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Dragan
- Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana Elena Ancusa
- Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Suceava
- Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Lighezan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases has become a severe public health problem. Gut microbiota play important roles in maintaining human health by modulating the host's metabolism. Recent evidences demonstrate that Akkermansia muciniphila is effective in improving metabolic disorders and is thus considered as a promising "next-generation beneficial microbe". In addition to the live A. muciniphila, similar or even stronger beneficial effects have been observed in pasteurized A. muciniphila and its components, including the outer membrane protein Amuc_1100, A. muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (AmEVs), and secreted protein P9. Hence, this paper presents a systemic review of recent progress in the effects and mechanisms of A. muciniphila and its components in the treatment of metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as perspectives on its future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Lili Sheng
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Houkai Li Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai201203, China
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50
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Bandopadhyay P, Ganguly D. Gut dysbiosis and metabolic diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 191:153-174. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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