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Ye Z, Zhang J, Xu Z, Li Z, Huang G, Tong B, Xia P, Shen Y, Hu H, Yu P, Xi X. Pioglitazone ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury via oxidative stress attenuation and NLRP3 inflammasome. Hum Cell 2024; 37:959-971. [PMID: 38607518 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe clinical condition. ROS accumulation, antioxidant pathways deficiency, and inflammation are involved in IRI. Pioglitazone (Pio) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of pioglitazone against IRI-induced AKI. Pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were arbitrarily divided into four groups: Sham operation group Control (CON) group, CON + Pio group, I/R + Saline group, and I/R + Pio group. In addition, HK-2 cells were subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation to develop an H/R model for investigation of the protective mechanism of Pio. Pretreatment with pioglitazone in the model rats reduced urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, histopathological scores, and cytotoxicity after IRI. Pioglitazone treatment significantly attenuated renal cell apoptosis, decreased cytotoxicity, increased Bcl-2 expression, and downregulated Bax expression. Besides, the levels of ROS and inflammatory factors, including NLRP3, ASC, pro-IL-1β, pro-caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in I/R rats and H/R cells were normalized by the pioglitazone treatment. Pioglitazone improved IRI-induced AKI by attenuating oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, pioglitazone has the potential to serve as a novel agent for renal IRI treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1st Minde Road, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaomin Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1st Minde Road, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Tong
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1st Minde Road, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China.
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 1st Minde Road, Jiangxi, 330006, Nanchang, China.
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Sharma S, Sharma D, Dhobi M, Wang D, Tewari D. An insight to treat cardiovascular diseases through phytochemicals targeting PPAR-α. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:707-732. [PMID: 37171724 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is a promising target for CVDs which mechanistically improves the production of high-density lipid as well as inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. PPAR-α mainly interferes with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB pathways to protect against cardiac complications. Natural products/extracts could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy in CVDs for targeting PPAR-α with broad safety margins. In recent years, the understanding of naturally derived PPAR-α agonists has considerably improved; however, the information is scattered. In vitro and in vivo studies on acacetin, apigenin, arjunolic acid, astaxanthin, berberine, resveratrol, vaticanol C, hispidulin, ginsenoside Rb3, and genistein showed significant effects in CVDs complications by targeting PPAR-α. With the aim of demonstrating the tremendous chemical variety of natural products targeting PPAR-α in CVDs, this review provides insight into various natural products that can work to prevent CVDs by targeting the PPAR-α receptor along with their detailed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India.
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3
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Sun HY, Lin XY. Analysis of the management and therapeutic performance of diabetes mellitus employing special target. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1721-1737. [PMID: 38222785 PMCID: PMC10784800 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic condition characterized predominantly by hyperglycemia. The most common causes contributing to the pathophysiology of diabetes are insufficient insulin secretion, resistance to insulin's tissue-acting effects, or a combination of both. Over the last 30 years, the global prevalence of diabetes increased from 4% to 6.4%. If no better treatment or cure is found, this amount might climb to 430 million in the coming years. The major factors of the disease's deterioration include age, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Finding new therapies to manage diabetes safely and effectively without jeopardizing patient compliance has always been essential. Among the medications available to manage DM on this journey are glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, thiazolidinediones, sulphonyl urease, glinides, biguanides, and insulin-targeting receptors discovered more than 10 years ago. Despite the extensive preliminary studies, a few clinical observations suggest this process is still in its early stages. The present review focuses on targets that contribute to insulin regulation and may be employed as targets in treating diabetes since they may be more efficient and secure than current and traditional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
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4
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Kasahara N, Imi Y, Amano R, Shinohara M, Okada K, Hosokawa Y, Imamori M, Tomimoto C, Kunisawa J, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Ogawa W, Hosooka T. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18983. [PMID: 37923895 PMCID: PMC10624680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance by activating the transcription factor PPARγ. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering action, pioglitazone exerts pleiotropic effects including amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanism by which pioglitazone achieves this latter effect has remained unclear, however. We here show that pioglitazone administration increases the amount of linoleic acid (LA) metabolites in adipose tissue of KK-Ay mice. These metabolites are produced by lactic acid bacteria in the gut, and pioglitazone also increased the fraction of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota. Administration of the LA metabolite HYA (10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid) to C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet improved liver histology including steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-sequencing data for the liver revealed that the top category for genes downregulated by HYA treatment was related to extracellular matrix, and the expression of individual genes related to fibrosis was confirmed to be attenuated by HYA treatment. Mechanistically, HYA suppressed TGF-β-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and fibrosis-related gene expression in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2). Our results implicate LA metabolites in the mechanism by which pioglitazone ameliorates liver fibrosis, and they suggest that HYA is a potential therapeutic for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanaho Kasahara
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukiko Imi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Reina Amano
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Future Medicine Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kumiko Okada
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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5
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Zakrzewicz D, Geyer J. Interactions of Na +/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide with host cellular proteins upon hepatitis B and D virus infection: novel potential targets for antiviral therapy. Biol Chem 2023:hsz-2022-0345. [PMID: 37103224 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a member of the solute carrier (SLC) family 10 transporters (gene symbol SLC10A1) and is responsible for the sodium-dependent uptake of bile salts across the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes. In addition to its primary transporter function, NTCP is the high-affinity hepatic receptor for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis D (HDV) viruses and, therefore, is a prerequisite for HBV/HDV virus entry into hepatocytes. The inhibition of HBV/HDV binding to NTCP and internalization of the virus/NTCP receptor complex has become a major concept in the development of new antiviral drugs called HBV/HDV entry inhibitors. Hence, NTCP has emerged as a promising target for therapeutic interventions against HBV/HDV infections in the last decade. In this review, recent findings on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between NTCP and cofactors relevant for entry of the virus/NTCP receptor complex are summarized. In addition, strategies aiming to block PPIs with NTCP to dampen virus tropism and HBV/HDV infection rates are discussed. Finally, this article suggests novel directions for future investigations evaluating the functional contribution of NTCP-mediated PPIs in the development and progression of HBV/HDV infection and subsequent chronic liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Zakrzewicz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Byun Y, Moon K, Park J, Ghosh P, Mishra NK, Kim IS. Methylene Thiazolidinediones as Alkylation Reagents in Catalytic C–H Functionalization: Rapid Access to Glitazones. Org Lett 2022; 24:8578-8583. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youjung Byun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongwon Moon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Prithwish Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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7
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Hajipour M, Mokhtari K, Mahdevar M, Esmaeili M, Peymani M, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Mirzaei S, Hasehmi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K. Identification of a novel interplaying loop of PPARγ and respective lncRNAs are involved in colorectal cancer progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:779-787. [PMID: 35940433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as regulatory molecules play important roles in early treatment and diagnosis of cancers. Considering the role of PPARγ in colorectal cancer (CRC) as a tumor suppressor, the GEO database was used to identify candidate genes that affect the activation of PPARγ protein in CRC cell lines. Then were selected 5 genes containing PPARγ response element (PPRE) in up to 4000 bp upstream and were affected by PPARγ protein activation in HT-29 colon cancer cell line using UCSC database. Expression meta-analysis was applied to map the expression network between candidate genes and all known lncRNAs through expression correlation and lncRNAs that correlated with a greater number of candidate genes (R > 0.5, P.value < 0.001). Moreover, were selected 3 lncRNAs as lncRNAs affected by PPARγ protein activation. Next, the expression levels of candidate genes and lncRNAs were evaluated using RT-qPCR in HT-29 cell line. Results showed a significant increase (FDR <0.05) in the expression level of 5 candidate genes and lncRNAs LINC01133, MBNL1-AS, LOC100288911 after treatment with pioglitazone as PPARγ ligand compared to the untreated group in HT-29 cells. Although additional tests are needed to confirm bioinformatics predictions, it can be concluded that increased expression of PPARγ may increase genes and lncRNAs expression. In summary, this study could be suggested identifying lncRNAs affected by PPARγ activation could be a new strategy in understanding the function and activity of PPARγ in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Hajipour
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdevar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hasehmi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Deeba F, Shahar Yar M, Rafi Haidar M, Sharma AK, Sharma M. Synthesis, molecular docking, and pharmacological evaluation of 5-(4-(2-(5-ethyl pyridine-2-yl) ethoxy) benzyl)-3-(phenylsulfonyl) thiazolidine-2, 4-dione against HFD-induced diabesity via interaction with the CB1 receptor. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1028-1036. [PMID: 36159331 PMCID: PMC9464343 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.65649.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives CB1 antagonism arbitrates a dormant shape to the endocannabinoid system that alleviates diverse pathological incidents of diabesity. The present study pursued the synthesis and evaluation of thiazolidine derivative (BAC) having pleiotropic action on CB1R, with or without AM251 (selective antagonist of the CB1 receptor) against high-fat diet (HFD) induced diabesity in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods A molecular docking study for CB1 antagonistic potential was conducted by Maestro 11.4 program (Schrodinger Inc., USA), and the thiazolidine derivative BAC was synthesized. The assessment of varied parameters including anthropometric, neurobehavioral, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines was evaluated in HFD-fed animals as compared with individual and combined treatments of BAC and AM251. Results Incomparable to AM251, the treatment of BAC was reported for a significant reduction in food intake and obesity, diabetic biomarkers, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine release. Moreover, the BAC treatment showed no significant alteration in neurobehavioral activity, including anxiety and depression. Conclusion The preliminary in silico study suggests that BAC has a close interaction with CB1 antagonism but has no sign of neurobehavioral alteration. Simultaneously, this compound showed significant ability to ameliorate diversity by the underlying mechanisms of minimizing oxidative stress, regularizing the lipid profile, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Deeba
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (SPER) Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (SPER) Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India
| | | | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India,Corresponding authors: Manju Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India. , Arun K. Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India.
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (SPER) Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India,Corresponding authors: Manju Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi-110062, India. , Arun K. Sharma. Department of Pharmacology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India.
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De Vita S, Finamore C, Chini MG, Saviano G, De Felice V, De Marino S, Lauro G, Casapullo A, Fantasma F, Trombetta F, Bifulco G, Iorizzi M. Phytochemical Analysis of the Methanolic Extract and Essential Oil from Leaves of Industrial Hemp Futura 75 Cultivar: Isolation of a New Cannabinoid Derivative and Biological Profile Using Computational Approaches. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131671. [PMID: 35807623 PMCID: PMC9269227 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family, cultivated for its psychoactive cannabinoid (Δ9-THC) concentration or for its fiber and nutrient content in industrial use. Industrial hemp shows a low Δ9-THC level and is a valuable source of phytochemicals, mainly represented by cannabinoids, flavones, terpenes, and alkaloids, with health-promoting effects. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical composition of leaves of the industrial hemp cultivar Futura 75, a monoecious cultivar commercially used for food preparations or cosmetic purposes. Leaves are generally discarded, and represent waste products. We analyzed the methanol extract of Futura 75 leaves by HPLC and NMR spectroscopy and the essential oil by GC-MS. In addition, in order to compare the chemical constituents, we prepared the water infusion. One new cannabinoid derivative (1) and seven known components, namely, cannabidiol (2), cannabidiolic acid (3), β-cannabispirol (4), β-cannabispirol (5), canniprene (6), cannabiripsol (7), and cannflavin B (8) were identified. The content of CBD was highest in all preparations. In addition, we present the outcomes of a computational study focused on elucidating the role of 2α-hydroxy-Δ3,7-cannabitriol (1), CBD (2), and CBDA (3) in inflammation and thrombogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Vita
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudia Finamore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Gabriella Saviano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Vincenzo De Felice
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (S.D.M.)
| | - Gianluigi Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Agostino Casapullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca Fantasma
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
| | - Federico Trombetta
- Societa Cooperativa Agricola MarcheSana, Localita San Biagio 40, 61032 Fano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (S.D.V.); (G.L.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.I.); Tel.: +39-089969741 (G.B.); +39-087-4404100 (M.I.)
| | - Maria Iorizzi
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Isernia, Italy; (M.G.C.); (G.S.); (V.D.F.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (M.I.); Tel.: +39-089969741 (G.B.); +39-087-4404100 (M.I.)
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10
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Synergistic Antiviral Activity of Pamapimod and Pioglitazone against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants of Concern. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126830. [PMID: 35743273 PMCID: PMC9224751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic remains a major public health threat, especially due to newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern (VoCs), which are more efficiently transmitted, more virulent, and more able to escape naturally acquired and vaccine-induced immunity. Recently, the protease inhibitor Paxlovid® and the polymerase inhibitor molnupiravir, both targeting mutant-prone viral components, were approved for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, effective therapeutics to treat COVID-19 are urgently needed, especially small molecules acting independently of VoCs and targeting genetically stable cellular pathways which are crucial for viral replication. Pamapimod is a selective inhibitor of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase alpha (p38 MAPKα) that has been extensively clinically evaluated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Signaling via p38 has recently been described as a key pathway for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we reveal that the combination of pamapimod with pioglitazone, an anti-inflammatory and approved drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, possesses potent and synergistic activity to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Both drugs showed similar antiviral potency across several cultured cell types and similar antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan type, and the VoCs Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. These data support the combination of pamapimod and pioglitazone as a potential therapy to reduce duration and severity of disease in COVID-19 patients, an assumption currently evaluated in an ongoing phase II clinical study.
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11
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Mech D, Kurowska A, Trotsko N. The Bioactivity of Thiazolidin-4-Ones: A Short Review of the Most Recent Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11533. [PMID: 34768964 PMCID: PMC8584074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones is an important heterocyclic ring system of a pharmacophore and a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry. This review is focused on the latest scientific reports regarding biological activities of thiazolidin-4-ones published in 2020 and 2021. The review covers recent information about antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antitubercular and antiviral properties of thiazolidin-4-ones. Additionally, the influence of different substituents in molecules on their biological activity was discussed in this paper. Thus, this study may help to optimize the structure of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as more efficient drug agents. Presented information may be used as a practical hint for rational design of new small molecules with biological activity, especially among thiazolidin-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.M.); (A.K.)
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12
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Mueller SL, Chrysanthopoulos PK, Halili MA, Hepburn C, Nebl T, Supuran CT, Nocentini A, Peat TS, Poulsen SA. The Glitazone Class of Drugs as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors-A Spin-Off Discovery from Fragment Screening. Molecules 2021; 26:3010. [PMID: 34070212 PMCID: PMC8158703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The approved drugs that target carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), a family of zinc metalloenzymes, comprise almost exclusively of primary sulfonamides (R-SO2NH2) as the zinc binding chemotype. New clinical applications for CA inhibitors, particularly for hard-to-treat cancers, has driven a growing interest in the development of novel CA inhibitors. We recently discovered that the thiazolidinedione heterocycle, where the ring nitrogen carries no substituent, is a new zinc binding group and an alternate CA inhibitor chemotype. This heterocycle is curiously also a substructure of the glitazone class of drugs used in the treatment options for type 2 diabetes. Herein, we investigate and characterise three glitazone drugs (troglitazone 11, rosiglitazone 12 and pioglitazone 13) for binding to CA using native mass spectrometry, protein X-ray crystallography and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry, followed by CA enzyme inhibition studies. The glitazone drugs all displayed appreciable binding to and inhibition of CA isozymes. Given that thiazolidinediones are not credited as a zinc binding group nor known as CA inhibitors, our findings indicate that CA may be an off-target of these compounds when used clinically. Furthermore, thiazolidinediones may represent a new opportunity for the development of novel CA inhibitors as future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Mueller
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.L.M.); (P.K.C.); (M.A.H.)
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO, Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.N.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Panagiotis K. Chrysanthopoulos
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.L.M.); (P.K.C.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Maria A. Halili
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.L.M.); (P.K.C.); (M.A.H.)
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Caryn Hepburn
- Waters Australia Pty Ltd., Rydalmere, NSW 2116, Australia;
| | - Tom Nebl
- CSIRO, Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.N.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche Nutraceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.T.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche Nutraceutiche, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.T.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Thomas S. Peat
- CSIRO, Biomedical Manufacturing Program, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (T.N.); (T.S.P.)
| | - Sally-Ann Poulsen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.L.M.); (P.K.C.); (M.A.H.)
- ARC Centre for Fragment-Based Design, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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13
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Noruddin NAA, Hamzah MF, Rosman Z, Salin NH, Shu-Chien AC, Muhammad TST. Natural Compound 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al from Momordica charantia Acts as PPARγ Ligand. Molecules 2021; 26:2682. [PMID: 34063700 PMCID: PMC8124227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia is a popular vegetable associated with effective complementary and alternative diabetes management in some parts of the world. However, the molecular mechanism is less commonly investigated. In this study, we investigated the association between a major cucurbitane triterpenoid isolated from M. charantia, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al (THCB) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation and its related activities using cell culture and molecular biology techniques. In this study, we report on both M. charantia fruit crude extract and THCB in driving the luciferase activity of Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element, associated with PPARγ activation. Other than that, THCB also induced adipocyte differentiation at far less intensity as compared to the full agonist rosiglitazone. In conjunction, THCB treatment on adipocytes also resulted in upregulation of PPAR gamma target genes expression; AP2, adiponectin, LPL and CD34 at a lower magnitude compared to rosiglitazone's induction. THCB also induced glucose uptake into muscle cells and the mechanism is via Glut4 translocation to the cell membrane. In conclusion, THCB acts as one of the many components in M. charantia to induce hypoglycaemic effect by acting as PPARγ ligand and inducing glucose uptake activity in the muscles by means of Glut4 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Adelina Ahmad Noruddin
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Mohamad Faiz Hamzah
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Zulfadli Rosman
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Nurul Hanim Salin
- National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia-Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (NIBM-IPharm), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Blok 5A, Halaman Bukit Gambir 11700, Malaysia; (N.A.A.N.); (M.F.H.); (Z.R.); (N.H.S.)
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia
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14
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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15
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Cao Z, Zeng Z, Wang B, Liu C, Liu C, Wang Z, Li S. Identification of potential bioactive compounds and mechanisms of GegenQinlian decoction on improving insulin resistance in adipose, liver, and muscle tissue by integrating system pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113289. [PMID: 32846191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE GegenQinlian Decoction (GQD), a classical formula in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used in the treatment of diabetes. While studies have demonstrated that GQD is an efficacious treatment for insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the potential bioactive compounds and mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To further investigate the potential bioactive compounds, targets, and pathways of GQD on improving IR in T2DM for adipose, liver, and muscle tissue using an integrated strategy of system pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened the candidate compounds and targets of GQD and identified IR-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of adipose, liver, and muscle tissue, respectively. Then the intersecting target genes between candidate targets and DEGs were used for "GQD-compounds-targets-tissue" network construction in each type of tissue. The top 10 bioactive compounds acting on each type of tissue were intersected and consequently identified as potential bioactive compounds of GQD. Furthermore, pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and hub target identification were performed based on the targets of GQD and the targets of quercetin in each type of tissue, respectively. Finally, to further confirm the role of quercetin, we intersected the hub targets of quercetin and the hub targets of GQD, and the pathways were intersected as well. RESULTS 132 compounds and 119 potential targets of these compounds were obtained. 1,765, 3,206, and 3594 DEGs were identified between IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) tissue in adipose, liver, and muscle, respectively. There were 21, 23, 45 targets and 103, 73, 123 compounds in the "GQD-compounds-targets-tissue" network of adipose, liver, and muscle tissue, respectively. Then compounds such as quercetin, kaempferol, baicalein, wogonin, isorhamnetin, beta-sitosterol and licochalcone A, were identified as the potential bioactive compounds of GQD, and quercetin had the highest degree among the compounds. Moreover, based on the targets of GQD, hub targets like PPARG, RELA, EGFR, CASP3, VEGFA, AR, ESR1 and CCND1, and signaling pathways such as insulin signaling pathway, endocrine resistance, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, apoptosis, and VEGF signaling pathway, were filtered out as the underlying mechanisms of GQD on improving diabetic IR. In addition, the hub targets and pathways of quercetin coincided with most of the hub targets and pathways of GQD in each type of tissue, respectively, suggesting that quercetin may be a potential representative compound of GQD. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis identifies the potential bioactive compounds, targets, and pathways of GQD on improving IR in T2DM for adipose, liver, and muscle tissue, which shows the characteristics of multi-compounds, multi-targets, multi-pathways, and multi-mechanisms of GQD and lays a solid foundation for further experimental research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebiao Cao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhili Zeng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Saimei Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Francque S, Szabo G, Abdelmalek MF, Byrne CD, Cusi K, Dufour JF, Roden M, Sacks F, Tacke F. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:24-39. [PMID: 33093663 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing epidemic of obesity worldwide is linked to serious health effects, including increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and includes the spectrum of liver steatosis (known as nonalcoholic fatty liver) and steatohepatitis (known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis), which can evolve into progressive liver fibrosis and eventually cause cirrhosis. Although NAFLD is becoming the number one cause of chronic liver diseases, it is part of a systemic disease that affects many other parts of the body, including adipose tissue, pancreatic β-cells and the cardiovascular system. The pathomechanism of NAFLD is multifactorial across a spectrum of metabolic derangements and changes in the host microbiome that trigger low-grade inflammation in the liver and other organs. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear regulatory factors that provide fine tuning for key elements of glucose and fat metabolism and regulate inflammatory cell activation and fibrotic processes. This Review summarizes and discusses the current literature on NAFLD as the liver manifestation of the systemic metabolic syndrome and focuses on the role of PPARs in the pathomechanisms as well as in the potential targeting of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (TWI2N), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Manal F Abdelmalek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition & Metabolism, Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Clinics Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frank Sacks
- Departments of Nutrition and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division, Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Scheja L, Heeren J. Novel Adipose Tissue Targets to Prevent and Treat Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 270:289-310. [PMID: 33373032 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue as a major organ of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism has a major impact on metabolic homeostasis and thus influences the development of atherosclerosis and related cardiometabolic diseases. Unhealthy adipose tissue, which is often associated with obesity and systemic insulin resistance, promotes the development of diabetic dyslipidemia and can negatively affect vascular tissue homeostasis by secreting pro-inflammatory peptides and lipids. Conversely, paracrine and endocrine factors that are released from healthy adipose tissue can preserve metabolic balance and a functional vasculature. In this chapter, we describe adipose tissue types relevant for atherosclerosis and address the question how lipid metabolism as well as regulatory molecules produced in these fat depots can be targeted to counteract atherogenic processes in the vessel wall and improve plasma lipids. We discuss the role of adipose tissues in the action of approved drugs with anti-atherogenic activity. In addition, we present potential novel targets and therapeutic approaches aimed at increasing lipoprotein disposal in adipose tissue, boosting the activity of heat-producing (thermogenic) adipocytes, reducing adipose tissue inflammation, and improving or replacing beneficial hormones released from adipose tissues. Furthermore, we describe the future potential of innovative drug delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Hwang I, Kim Y, Yoo H, Jang IJ, Yu KS, Lee S. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Interaction Between Evogliptin and Pioglitazone in Healthy Male Subjects. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4493-4502. [PMID: 33122892 PMCID: PMC7591087 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s275336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim Evogliptin is a newly developed oral glucose-lowering medication of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with pioglitazone is a promising therapeutic option. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between evogliptin and pioglitazone. Materials and Methods A randomized, open-label, multiple-dose, three-treatment, three-period, six-sequence crossover study was conducted in healthy Korean male subjects. All subjects received evogliptin 5 mg once daily for 7 days (EVO), pioglitazone 30 mg once daily for 7 days (PIO) and co-administration of evogliptin 5 mg and pioglitazone 30 mg once daily for 7 days (EVO+PIO) according to the assigned sequence and period. Serial blood samples were collected for 24 hours for pharmacokinetic analysis and 3 hours after the oral glucose tolerance test for the pharmacodynamic analysis. Results Thirty-four subjects completed the study. EVO+PIO and EVO showed a similar maximum plasma concentration at steady state (Cmax,ss) and area under the concentration-time curve during the dosing interval at the steady state (AUCτ,ss) of evogliptin, with geometric mean ratios (GMRs) (90% confidence interval (CI)) of 1.01 (0.97–1.05) and 1.01 (0.98–1.04), respectively. EVO+PIO and PIO showed a similar Cmax,ss and AUCτ,ss of pioglitazone, with GMRs (90% CI) of 1.07 (0.99–1.17) and 1.08 (0.99–1.17), respectively. Reduction of the glucose level after EVO+PIO was larger compared to PIO and similar with EVO. Conclusion Concomitant administration of evogliptin and pioglitazone showed similar glucose-lowering effects with those of evogliptin alone without pharmacokinetic interactions when compared to the intake of each drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inyoung Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyounggyoon Yoo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Sarangdhar M, Yacyshyn MB, Gruenzel AR, Engevik MA, Harris NL, Aronow BJ, Yacyshyn BR. Therapeutic Opportunities for Intestinal Angioectasia- Targeting PPARγ and Oxidative Stress. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:518-528. [PMID: 33048460 PMCID: PMC7993272 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and acute bleeding from intestinal tract angioectasia (AEC) presents a major challenge for clinical intervention. Current treatments are empiric, with frequent poor clinical outcomes. Improvements in understanding the pathophysiology of these lesions will help guide treatment. Using data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we analyzed 12 million patient reports to identify drugs inversely correlated with gastrointestinal bleeding and potentially limiting AEC severity. FAERS analysis revealed that drugs used in patients with diabetes and those targeting PPARγ-related mechanisms were associated with decreased AEC phenotypes (P < 0.0001). Electronic health records (EHRs) at University of Cincinnati Hospital were analyzed to validate FAERS analysis. EHR data showed a 5.6% decrease in risk of AEC and associated phenotypes in patients on PPARγ agonists. Murine knockout models of AEC phenotypes were used to construct a gene-regulatory network of candidate drug targets and pathways, which revealed that wound healing, vasculature development and regulation of oxidative stress were impacted in AEC pathophysiology. Human colonic tissue was examined for expression differences across key pathway proteins, PPARγ, HIF1α, VEGF, and TGFβ1. In vitro analysis of human AEC tissues showed lower expression of PPARγ and TGFβ1 compared with controls (0.55 ± 0.07 and 0.49 ± 0.05). National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) RNA-Seq data was analyzed to substantiate human tissue findings. This integrative discovery approach showing altered expression of key genes involved in oxidative stress and injury repair mechanisms presents novel insight into AEC etiology, which will improve targeted mechanistic studies and more optimal medical therapy for AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Sarangdhar
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary B Yacyshyn
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew R Gruenzel
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Harris
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce R Yacyshyn
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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20
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Kazemi R, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective Effect of Pioglitazone Against Genotoxicity Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Healthy Human Lymphocytes. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:72-75. [PMID: 32448107 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200525005231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pioglitazone (PG) is used to control high blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PG acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist. In addition to the insulin-sensitizing effect, PG possesses anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the protective effect of PG was evaluated against DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in healthy human lymphocytes. METHODS The microtubes containing human whole blood were treated with PG at various concentrations (1-50 μM) for three hours. Then, the blood samples were irradiated with X-ray. Lymphocytes were cultured for determining the frequency of micronuclei as a genotoxicity biomarker in binucleated lymphocytes. RESULTS The mean percentage of micronuclei was significantly increased in human lymphocytes when exposed to IR, while it was decreased in lymphocytes pre-treated with PG. The maximum reduction in the frequency of micronuclei in irradiated lymphocytes was observed at 5 μM of PG treatment (48% decrease). CONCLUSION The anti-inflammatory property suggested the mechanism action of PG for protecting human lymphocytes against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kazemi
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Seyed J Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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21
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Kang Z, Fan R. PPARα and NCOR/SMRT corepressor network in liver metabolic regulation. FASEB J 2020; 34:8796-8809. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000055rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfang Kang
- Department of Basic Medical Research Qingyuan People's HospitalThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Qingyuan China
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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22
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Wang W, Zhang L, Wang X, Lin D, Pan Q, Guo L. Functional network analysis of gene-phenotype connectivity based on pioglitazone. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4790-4798. [PMID: 31798704 PMCID: PMC6880387 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pioglitazone, a type of insulin sensitizer, serves as an effective anti-hyperglycemic drug. The mechanism of action of pioglitazone is through the activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which results in enhanced insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues and the liver, causing a reduction in the production and output of liver sugar. It has been reported that pioglitazone increases the risk of bladder cancer, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. It was hypothesized that modulation of pioglitazone activity may be predicted by systematically analyzing data published on drugs. This hypothesis was tested by querying the Drug-Target Interactome (DTome), a web-based tool that provides open-source data from three databases (DrugBank, PharmGSK and Protein Interaction Network analysis). A total of 4 direct target proteins (DTPs) and further DTP-associated genes were identified for pioglitazone. Subsequently, an enrichment analysis was performed for all DTP-associated genes using Cytoscape software. A total of 12 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified, including the 'PPAR signaling pathway' as well as 'pathways in cancer' as relevant pathways. Functional network analysis was able to identify direct and indirect target genes of pioglitazone, resulting in a list of possible biological functions based on published databases. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that pioglitazone may affect the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer through genetic alterations (missense mutation, truncating mutation, amplification, deep deletion and fusion) of target genes. Therefore, it should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100010, P.R. China
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23
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Yashiro H, Hamagami K, Hiyoshi H, Sugama J, Tsuchimori K, Yamaguchi F, Moritoh Y, Sasaki M, Maekawa T, Yamada Y, Watanabe M. SCO-792, an enteropeptidase inhibitor, improves disease status of diabetes and obesity in mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2228-2239. [PMID: 31144422 PMCID: PMC6771630 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Enteropeptidase is a serine protease localized on the duodenal brush border that catalyzes the conversion of inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin, thereby regulating protein breakdown in the gut. We evaluated the effects of SCO-792, a novel enteropeptidase inhibitor, in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo inhibition of enteropeptidase was evaluated via an oral protein challenge. Pharmacological effects were evaluated in normal mice, in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and in obese and diabetic ob/ob mice. RESULTS A single oral administration of SCO-792 inhibited plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in an oral protein challenge test in mice, indicating in vivo inhibition of enteropeptidase. Repeated treatment with SCO-792 induced reduction in food intake and decrease in body weight in DIO and ob/ob mice. Plasma FGF21 levels were increased in SCO-792-treated DIO mice, an observation that was probably independent of reduction in food intake. Hyperglycaemia was markedly improved in SCO-792-treated ob/ob mice. A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp study revealed improved muscle insulin sensitivity in SCO-792-treated ob/ob mice. SCO-792 also improved plasma and liver lipid profiles and decreased plasma alanine transaminase, suggesting a potential treatment for liver diseases. Dietary supplementation with essential amino acids attenuated the effect of SCO-792 on reduction in food intake and decrease in body weight in normal mice, suggesting a pivotal role for enteropeptidase in these biological phenomena. CONCLUSIONS SCO-792 inhibited enteropeptidase in vivo, reduced food intake, decreased body weight, increased insulin sensitivity, improved glucose and lipid control, and ameliorated liver parameters in mouse models with obesity and/or diabetes. SCO-792 may exhibit similar effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yashiro
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Kenichi Hamagami
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Hiyoshi
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Jun Sugama
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
| | - Kazue Tsuchimori
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Yusuke Moritoh
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Pharmaceutical Research DivisionTakeda Pharmaceutical Company LimitedKanagawaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
| | - Yukio Yamada
- Research and Development DivisionSCOHIA PHARMA, Inc.KanagawaJapan
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24
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Impact of PPAR-Alpha Polymorphisms-The Case of Metabolic Disorders and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184378. [PMID: 31489930 PMCID: PMC6770475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) has the most relevant biological functions among PPARs. Activation by drugs and dietary components lead to major metabolic changes, from reduced triglyceridemia to improvement in the metabolic syndrome. Polymorphisms of PPARα are of interest in order to improve our understanding of metabolic disorders associated with a raised or reduced risk of diseases. PPARα polymorphisms are mainly characterized by two sequence changes, L162V and V227A, with the latter occurring only in Eastern nations, and by numerous SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) with a less clear biological role. The minor allele of L162V associates with raised total cholesterol, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and triglycerides, reduced HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein metabolism), and elevated lipoprotein (a). An increased cardiovascular risk is not clear, whereas a raised risk of diabetes or of liver steatosis are not well supported. The minor allele of the V227A polymorphism is instead linked to a reduction of steatosis and raised γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels in non-drinking Orientals, the latter being reduced in drinkers. Lastly, the minor allele of rs4353747 is associated with a raised high-altitude appetite loss. These and other associations indicate the predictive potential of PPARα polymorphisms for an improved understanding of human disease, which also explain variability in the clinical response to specific drug treatments or dietary approaches.
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25
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Lan D, Shen X, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Huang Q. Sumoylation of PPARγ contributes to vascular endothelium insulin resistance through stabilizing the PPARγ-NcoR complex. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19663-19674. [PMID: 30982983 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) affects its stabilization, sublocalization, and transcriptional activity. However, it remains largely unknown whether PPARγ sumoylation inhibits the transactivation effect, leading to endothelium insulin resistance (IR). To test this possibility, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) with a 90% confluence were randomly allocated to two batches. One batch was first pretreated with or without vitamin E for 24 hr and the other infected with adenoviruses containing either PIAS1-shRNA (protein inhibitor of activated STAT1-short hairpin RNA) or scramble shRNA. Cells were suffered from high glucose and palmitic acid (PA) exposure for further 48 hr. The levels of PPARγ, p-IKK, IKK, and NcoR (nuclear corepressors) were measured by western blot analysis. The interaction of IKK and PIAS1, as well as the PPARγ sumoylation, were examined by coimmunoprecipitation. The results showed that the exposure of high glucose and PA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and IKK activation in HUVECs, promoting the interaction of IKK and PIAS1 and the sumoylation of PPARγ. However, vitamin E and PIAS1-shRNA partially decreased ROS production and IKK activation induced by high glucose and PA exposure. These data indicate that ROS-IKK-PIAS1 pathway mediates PPARγ sumoylation, leading to endothelium IR via stabilizing PPARγ-NcoR complex. These findings benefit understanding of regulatory networks of insulin signaling, which might provide a potential target to prevent and cure IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Lan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Shen
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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26
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Djouadi F, Bastin J. Mitochondrial Genetic Disorders: Cell Signaling and Pharmacological Therapies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040289. [PMID: 30925787 PMCID: PMC6523966 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and respiratory chain (RC) defects form a large group of inherited monogenic disorders sharing many common clinical and pathophysiological features, including disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, but also, for example, oxidative stress and accumulation of noxious metabolites. Interestingly, several transcription factors or co-activators exert transcriptional control on both FAO and RC genes, and can be activated by small molecules, opening to possibly common therapeutic approaches for FAO and RC deficiencies. Here, we review recent data on the potential of various drugs or small molecules targeting pivotal metabolic regulators: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA)) or interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, to alleviate or to correct inborn FAO or RC deficiencies in cellular or animal models. The possible molecular mechanisms involved, in particular the contribution of mitochondrial biogenesis, are discussed. Applications of these pharmacological approaches as a function of genotype/phenotype are also addressed, which clearly orient toward personalized therapy. Finally, we propose that beyond the identification of individual candidate drugs/molecules, future pharmacological approaches should consider their combination, which could produce additive or synergistic effects that may further enhance their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Djouadi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Bastin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, F-75006 Paris, France.
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