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Câmara JS, Perestrelo R, Ferreira R, Berenguer CV, Pereira JAM, Castilho PC. Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Plethora of Bioactive Compounds with Several Health Functions and Industrial Applications-A Comprehensive Overview. Molecules 2024; 29:3861. [PMID: 39202940 PMCID: PMC11357518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are a large class of natural secondary plant metabolites which are highly diverse in structure, formed from isoprene units (C-5), associated with a wide range of biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, antimetastatic, antiangiogenesis, and apoptosis induction, and are considered for potential application in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. In plants, terpenoids exert a variety of basic functions in growth and development. This review gives an overview, highlighting the current knowledge of terpenoids and recent advances in our understanding of the organization, regulation, and diversification of core and specialized terpenoid metabolic pathways and addressing the most important functions of volatile and non-volatile specialized terpenoid metabolites in plants. A comprehensive description of different aspects of plant-derived terpenoids as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, their biosynthetic pathway, the several biological properties attributed to these secondary metabolites associated with health-promoting effects, and their potential industrial applications in several fields will be provided, and emerging and green extraction methods will also be discussed. In addition, future research perspectives within this framework will be highlighted. Literature selection was carried out using the National Library of Medicine, PubMed, and international reference data for the period from 2010 to 2024 using the keyword "terpenoids". A total of 177,633 published papers were found, of which 196 original and review papers were included in this review according to the criteria of their scientific reliability, their completeness, and their relevance to the theme considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Rui Ferreira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Cristina V. Berenguer
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
| | - Paula C. Castilho
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, NPRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.P.); (R.F.); (C.V.B.); (J.A.M.P.); (P.C.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Wang D, Yu X, Gao K, Li F, Li X, Pu H, Zhang P, Guo S, Wang W. Sweroside alleviates pressure overload-induced heart failure through targeting CaMKⅡδ to inhibit ROS-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 in cardiomyocytes. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103223. [PMID: 38851078 PMCID: PMC11219961 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ongoing inflammation in the heart is positively correlated with adverse remodeling, characterized by elevated levels of cytokines that stimulate activation of cardiac fibroblasts. It was found that CaMKIIδ response to Ang II or TAC triggers the accumulation of ROS in cardiomyocytes, which subsequently stimulates NF-κB/NLRP3 and leads to an increase in IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18. This is an important causative factor in the occurrence of adverse remodeling in heart failure. Sweroside is a biologically active natural iridoids extracted from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. It shows potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we found that sweroside inhibited ROS-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes by directly binding to CaMKIIδ. Knockdown of CaMKⅡδ abrogated the effect of sweroside regulation on NF-κB/NLRP3 in cardiomyocytes. AAV-CaMKⅡδ induced high expression of CaMKⅡδ in the myocardium of TAC/Ang II-mice, and the inhibitory effect of sweroside on TAC/Ang Ⅱ-induced elevation of NF-κB/NLRP3 was impeded. Sweroside showed significant inhibitory effects on CaMKIIδ/NF-κB/NLRP3 in cardiomyocytes from TAC/Ang Ⅱ-induced mice. This would be able to mitigate the adverse events of myocardial remodeling and contractile dysfunction at 8 weeks after the onset of the inflammatory response. Taken together, our findings have revealed the direct protein targets and molecular mechanisms by which sweroside improves heart failure, thereby supporting the further development of sweroside as a therapeutic agent for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kuo Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Fanghe Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Haiyin Pu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Wang J, Ma X, Si X, Han W. Sweroside functionalized with Mesenchymal Stem cells derived exosomes attenuates sepsis-induced myocardial injury by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:381-391. [PMID: 37563958 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231194317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening problem by organ dysfunction influenced by negative inflammatory responses and stimulated oxidative stress, which most of sepsis patients about 40-60% are accompanied with myocardial injury. Recently, stem cells derived exosomes could effectively apply in the numerous diseases by combined with natural therapeutic agents. In the present investigation, Sweroside functionalized with exosomes to control inflammatory responses by sepsis and significantly proved the function of depreciated myocardial injury-induced by LPS. The sweroside could have effectively delivered to cardiomyocytes cells via exosome carriers. The induced-SMI rats exhibited severe myocardial injury and apoptosis by in vivo experiments and treatment of sweroside-functionalized exosomes (SWO/EX) reassured the phenotypes. Importantly, SWO/EX significantly downregulated the ROS generation in the SMI rat models. The SOD and GSH activity were also suppressed in SMI rat models, and treated models with SWO/EXO could have effective liberating activity in the Rats. Meanwhile, SWO/EXO treated LPS-induced cardiomyocytes displayed that significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels and also increasing cell survival and prevented apoptosis. Thus, we demonstrate that MS-cells derived exosome with sweroside could have effectively impede sepsis-induced myocardial injury. SWO/EX formulations might be applied as a potent therapeutic agent for SMI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghai Wang
- Department of Emergency, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xiaochen Ma
- Department of Emergency, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Xuepeng Si
- Department of Obstetrics, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Wang Han
- Department of Emergency, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
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Wang Z, Shi X, Jiang S, Sun J, Borjigin G, Li Q, Mu Y, Yang C, Wang Z, Kuang H. Simultaneous Determination of Five Iridoids of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora in Rat Plasma Using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:5925. [PMID: 37570895 PMCID: PMC10421376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method to simultaneously determine Picroside-I, Picroside-II, Picroside-III, minecoside, and sweroside in rat plasma. The chromatographic column was an ACQUITY UHPLC® BEH Amide Column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm; Waters, MA, USA), column temperature 40 °C. The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and negative ion modes were adopted. The results showed that the calibration curves of five compounds in plasma showed good linearity (r > 0.9911) over the studied dose range. The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for Picroside-I, Picroside-II, Picroside-III, minecoside, and sweroside were 6.876, 5.193, 5.040, 1.260, and 4.527 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision were <15%. The matrix effects ranged from 95.77 to 101.9%. The Tmax were 1.1 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.1, 0.8 ± 0.1, 1.0 ± 0.2, and 2.1 ± 0.1 h. This study will be useful in understanding the behavior of drugs in the body and the body's effect on drugs. It also offers theoretical underpinnings and highlights the importance of clinical applications and creating novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xuepeng Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Shuang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Gilwa Borjigin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yuanqiu Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunjuan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China; (X.S.); (S.J.); (J.S.); (G.B.); (Q.L.); (Y.M.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhenyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.W.); (Z.W.)
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (Z.W.); (Z.W.)
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Jiang C, Shen J, Wang C, Huang Y, Wang L, Yang Y, Hu W, Li P, Wu H. Mechanism of aconitine mediated neuronal apoptosis induced by mitochondrial calcium overload caused by MCU. Toxicol Lett 2023; 384:86-95. [PMID: 37506855 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine is a crucial toxic component in Chinese herbal medicines such as Aconitum, Aconitum coreanum, and Aconitum soongaricum. The poisoning symptoms of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system caused by it are relatively common in China, and there are many studies on cardiovascular system diseases caused by aconitine. However, the specific mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by aconitine is still unclear. This study explored the effect and mechanism of mitochondrial calcium uniporter on mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder in aconitine poisoning hippocampal neurons. The results showed that after treatment with 400μmol/L aconitine, mitochondrial energy metabolism was abnormal in rat hippocampal neuron cells, the expression of MCU in mitochondria was up-regulated, calcium overload in mitochondria, ATP production decreased, and mitochondrial membrane potential Changes, increased expression of the apoptosis gene Cleaved-Caspase-3. After treatment with the MCU agonist spermine, mitochondrial energy metabolism was significantly abnormal, and cell apoptosis was increased considerably. However, pretreatment with calcium ion channel inhibitor Ruthenium Red (RR) effectively promoted the generation of ATP, thereby improving mitochondrial energy metabolism disorders and reducing cell apoptosis. These results suggest that aconitine induces mitochondrial energy metabolism dysfunction in hippocampal neurons, which may be related to the increased expression of MCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongjie Huang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiran Yang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Skała E, Szopa A. Dipsacus and Scabiosa Species-The Source of Specialized Metabolites with High Biological Relevance: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093754. [PMID: 37175164 PMCID: PMC10180103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The genera Dipsacus L. and Scabiosa L. of the Caprifoliaceae family are widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and Africa. This work reviews the available literature on the phytochemical profiles, ethnomedicinal uses, and biological activities of the most popular species. These plants are rich sources of many valuable specialized metabolites with beneficial medicinal properties, such as triterpenoid derivatives, iridoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. They are also sources of essential oils. The genus Dipsacus has been used for centuries in Chinese and Korean folk medicines to treat bone (osteoporosis) and joint problems (rheumatic arthritis). The Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Pharmacopoeia include Dipsaci radix, the dried roots of D. asperoides C.Y.Cheng & T.M.Ai. In addition, S. comosa Fisch. ex Roem & Schult. and S. tschiliiensis Grunning are used in traditional Mongolian medicine to treat liver diseases. The current scientific literature data indicate that these plants and their constituents have various biological properties, including inter alia antiarthritic, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities; they have also been found to strengthen tendon and bone tissue and protect the liver, heart, and kidney. The essential oils possess antibacterial, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. This paper reviews the key biological values of Dipsacus and Scabiosa species, as identified by in vitro and in vivo studies, and presents their potential pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Wang YJ, Wang Y, Tao P. Structural characterization, in vivo toxicity and biological activity of two new pyro-type diterpenoid alkaloids derived from 3-acetylaconitine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:302-314. [PMID: 37080800 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transformations that occur in diterpenoid alkaloids during the process of sand frying for Chinese herbal medicine preparation have yet to be clarified. This study investigated the structural changes that take place in 3-acetylaconitine during a simulation of heat-processing and evaluated the toxicity and biological activity of the pyrolysis products. METHODS The diterpenoid alkaloid 3-acetylaconitine was heated at 180 °C for 15 min to simulate the process of sand frying. The pyrolysis products were separated using column chromatography, and their structures were investigated using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Further, in vivo cardiotoxicity and acute toxicity of 3-acetylaconitine and its pyrolysis products were compared, and the aconitine-induced arrhythmia model was employed to evaluate the antiarrhythmic effect of the pyrolysis products. RESULTS Two new diterpenoid alkaloids, pyroacetylaconitine and 16-epi-pyroacetylaconitine, a pair of epimers at C-16, were isolated. After comparing the structures of these compounds, possible transformation pathways were proposed. Compared with the prototype compound, 3-acetylaconitine, the cardiotoxicity and acute toxicity of the heat-transformed products were significantly decreased. In the biological activity assay, the two pyrolysis products exhibited an effective increase in ventricular premature beat latency, a reduction in the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia, as well as an increase in the rate of arrhythmia inhibition, implying strong antiarrhythmic activity. CONCLUSION Compared with 3-acetylaconitine, its pyrolysis products displayed lower toxicity and good antiarrhythmic effects; thus, they have potential for being developed into antiarrhythmic medicines. Please cite this article as: Wang YJ, Wang Y, Tao P. Structural characterization, in vivo toxicity and biological activity of two new pyro-type diterpenoid alkaloids derived from 3-acetylaconitine. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pei Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
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Bao Y, Zhang R, Jiang X, Liu F, He Y, Hu H, Hou X, Hao L, Pei X. Detoxification mechanisms of ginseng to aconite: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116009. [PMID: 36516908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconite (Fuzi, FZ), the processed root tuber of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is utilized as a classic medicine to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system and immune system. Resulting from the narrow margin of safety between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose, FZ often causes cardiotoxicity including hypotension, palpitation, and bradycardia. Contributing to the detoxification effects of the other famous herbal medicine ginseng (Renshen, RS), which is the dried root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, people broadly combine FZ and RS as compatibility more than 1800 years to attenuate the toxicity of FZ. However, the systematic detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ have not been fully revealed. AIM OF THE REVIEW Aiming to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the attenuation processes of FZ via RS, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about regulatory mechanisms of RS to FZ to shed the light on the essence of detoxification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature was searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, CNKI and WanFang Data. Relevant studies on detoxification mechanisms were included while irrelevant and duplicate studies were excluded. According to the study design, subject, intervention regime, outcome, first author and year of publication of included data, detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ were summarized and visualized. RESULTS A total of 144 studies were identified through databases from their inception up to Oct. 2022. Included information indicated that diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) were the main toxic substances of FZ. The main mechanisms that RS attenuates the toxicity of FZ were transforming toxic compounds of FZ, affecting the absorption and metabolism of FZ as well as the FZ-induced cell toxicity alleviation. CONCLUSION FZ, as a famous traditional Chinese medicine, has good prospects for utilization. The narrow margin of safety between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose of FZ limits its clinical effect and safety while RS is always combined with FZ to alleviate its toxicity. However, mechanisms responsible for the detoxification process have not been well identified. Therefore, detoxification mechanisms of RS to FZ are reviewed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of FZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Bao
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Yao He
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xinlian Hou
- Huarun Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Ya'an, 625000, PR China
| | - Li Hao
- Huarun Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Ya'an, 625000, PR China
| | - Xu Pei
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
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Li W, Guo S, Miao N. Transcriptional responses of fluxapyroxad-induced dysfunctional heart in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90034-90045. [PMID: 35864390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad (FLU) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide used in controlling crop diseases. Potential toxicity to aquatic organisms is not known. We exposed zebrafish to 1, 2, and 4 μM FLU for 3 days. The embryonic zebrafish showed developmental cardiac defects, including heart malformation, pericardial edema, and heart rate reduction. Compared with the controls, cardiac-specific transcription factors (nkx2.5, myh7, myl7, and myh6) exhibited dysregulated expression patterns after FLU treatment. We next used transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses to explore the molecular mechanism of FLU cardiotoxicity. The transcriptome analysis and interaction network showed that the downregulated genes were enriched in calcium signaling pathways, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and cardiac muscle contraction. FLU exposure repressed the cardio-related calcium signaling pathway, associated with apoptosis in the heart and other manifestations of cardiotoxicity. Thus, the findings provide valuable evidence that FLU exposure causes disruption of cardiac development in zebrafish embryos. Our findings will help to promote a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of FLU and act as a reference to explore the rational use and safety of FLU in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Miao
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
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Habimana O, Modupe Salami O, Peng J, Yi GH. Therapeutic Implications of Targeting Pyroptosis in Cardiac-related Etiology of Heart Failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115235. [PMID: 36044938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains a considerable clinical and public health problem, it is the dominant cause of death from cardiovascular diseases, besides, cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The survival of patients with heart failure continues to be low with 45-60% reported deaths within five years. Apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis mediate cardiac cell death. Acute cell death is the hallmark pathogenesis of heart failure and other cardiac pathologies. Inhibition of pyroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis, or necrosis reduces cardiac damage and improves cardiac function in cardiovascular diseases. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory deliberate cell death that is characterized by the activation of inflammasomes such as NOD-like receptors (NLR), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI-16), and their downstream effector cytokines: Interleukin IL-1β and IL-18 leading to cell death. Recent studies have shown that pyroptosis is also the dominant cell death process in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. It plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases that contribute to heart failure. This review intends to summarize the therapeutic implications targeting pyroptosis in the main cardiac pathologies preceding heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olive Habimana
- International College, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | | | - Jinfu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, 28, W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Deng Z, Yao J, Xiao N, Han Y, Wu X, Ci C, Chen K, Geng X. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) suppresses mitophagy and aggravates heart failure via the microRNA-152-3p/ETS1/RhoH axis. J Transl Med 2022; 102:782-793. [PMID: 35149775 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) shows close link with heart disease. This study aimed to define the role DNMT1 plays in heart failure and determine the underlying mechanism. Expression of microRNA (miR)-152-3p, DNMT1, E26 transformation specific-1 (ETS1) and ras homolog gene family member H (RhoH) was determined by RT-qPCR and/or western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-152-3p and ETS1 was predicted and verified. Methylation of the miR-152-3p promoter region was assessed using methylation-specific PCR. H9c2 cells were chosen for in vitro assays to examine the regulatory role of DNMT1 in autophagy and mitophagy with respect to miR-152-3p/ETS1/RhoH. Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced rat models of heart failure were employed for in vivo validation. DNMT1 expression was upregulated in the heart tissues of DOX-induced rats, where it showed an inverse correlation with miR-152-3p expression. Moreover, DNMT1 was shown to enhance methylation of the miR-152-3p promoter region and suppress its expression, leading to inhibition of mitophagy in H9c2 cells. In addition, DNMT1 enhanced expression of ETS1, which further elevated RhoH expression. Moreover, ETS1-elevated RhoH reduced cell viability and promoted autophagy and mitophagy in H9c2 cells upon treatment with DOX. Next, in vivo results demonstrated that depletion of DNMT1 protected rats from heart failure in a miR-152-3p/ETS1/RhoH-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that DNMT1 may inhibit expression of miR-152-3p by promoting the methylation of miR-152-3p and enhancing the expression of ETS1, thereby inducing RHOH transcriptional activation and inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy, ultimately promoting the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Deng
- Department of General Practice Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Caizhe Ci
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyong Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051, Shijiazhuang, China.
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12
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Li L, Zhang L, Liao T, Zhang C, Chen K, Huang Q. Advances on pharmacology and toxicology of aconitine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:601-611. [PMID: 35060168 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aconitum alkaloids are considered to be the characteristic bioactive ingredients of Aconitum species, which are widely applied to the treatment of diverse diseases, and aconitine (AC) is found in most Aconitum plants. Research evidence shows that low-dose AC has a good therapeutic potential in heart failure, myocardial infarction, neuroinflammatory diseases, rheumatic diseases, and tumors, which has become one of the hotspots in global research in recent years. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC have also attracted extensive attention. Excessive use of AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, even can be potentially lethal. Therefore, AC cannot simply be regarded as a good medicine or a toxicant, but its underlying curative and toxic properties remained chaos. In order to dig the unique pharmacological value of AC while preventing its toxicity, the pharmacological activities and toxic effects of AC were summarized in this paper, providing new insight into the safe and effective use of AC in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Zigong City, Zigong, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Keling Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gao Y, Fan H, Nie A, Yang K, Xing H, Gao Z, Yang L, Wang Z, Zhang L. Aconitine: A review of its pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, toxicology and detoxification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115270. [PMID: 35405250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitine, a C19-norditerpenoid alkaloid, derives from many medicinal plants such as Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Chinese:), Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb (Chinese:), which were used to rheumatic fever, painful joints and some endocrinal disorders. AIMS OF THE REVIEW The present paper reviews research progress relating to the pharmacokinetics, physiological and pathological processes of aconitine, while some promising research direction and the detoxification of aconitine are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The accessible literature on aconitine, from 1990 to 2020, obtained from published materials of electronic databases, such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer and Google Scholar was systematically analyzed. RESULTS In this review, we address the pharmacokinetics of aconitine, as well as its pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, immunoregulation, analgesic, insecticide and inhibition of androgen synthesis. Further, we summarize the toxicity of aconitine such as cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity, on which we strikingly focus on the ways to reduce the toxicity of aconitine based. CONCLUSIONS Aconitine plays an vital role in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and we can reduce the toxicity of aconitine by compatibility and hydrolysis. Although some issues still exist, such as the correlative relationship between the dose and toxicity of aconitine not being clear, our review may provide new ideas for the application of aconitine in the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Hang Fan
- Changzhou Hygiene Vocational Technology College, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Anzheng Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhiqing Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Liujie Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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Cai MY, Yang Z, Huang XJ, Li J, Bao WY, Cui JW, Ma LQ, Tong HY. Mongolian Medicine Areca Thirteen Pill (GY-13) Improved Depressive Syndrome via upregulating cAMP/PKA/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115310. [PMID: 35452773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Areca Thirteen Pill, also called Gao You-13 (GY-13), is a traditional Mongolian herbal formula and has been extensively used to treat depression in Mongolian areas, which belongs to Heyi disease in Mongolian medicine. Major depressive disorder is a serious psychiatric disease, only one-third of individuals with depression are responsive to current antidepressants in clinic. Growing attention has been attracted by traditional herbal medicines in fighting depression because they are considered safer alternatives to pharmacotherapy. AIM OF THE STUDY To reveal the mechanism of GY-13 in the treatment of depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and primary hippocampal neurons were used to construct a glutamate-induced excitotoxicity model. The antidepressant effect of GY-13 was then assessed by performing sucrose preference tests, open field tests, and body weight measurements on rats. The expression of cAMP and PKA, mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis were measured. RESULTS The results indicate that GY-13 significantly improves depression-like behavior, rescues decreased cAMP, PKA, recovers the mRNA levels of CREB and BDNF, and increases the proliferative activity of hippocampus. In addition, blockade of PKA reverses the effects of GY-13 treatment on CREB mRNA, BDNF mRNA levels. In vitro, GY-13 treatment increased hippocampal proliferative activity and attenuated Glu-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons as well as reduced CREB mRNA and BDNF mRNA expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrated that GY-13 treatment exerted a potent antidepressant action via activation of cAMP/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, promoting proliferation, and suppressing apoptosis. This research provides molecular biological ground for developing GY-13 into a potent alternative for the intervention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Cai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Jing Li
- Mongolian Hospital of Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, Fuxin, 123199, PR China.
| | - Wu-Ye Bao
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028007, PR China.
| | - Jing-Wen Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Li-Qun Ma
- South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Hai-Ying Tong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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An insight into current advances on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and detoxification of aconitine. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113115. [PMID: 35605296 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitine is a diterpenoid alkaloid, which mainly exists in the plants of Aconitum. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of aconitine has been conducted and demonstrated that aconitine possessed an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, local anesthesia, and immunomodulatory effects. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that aconitine may have the characteristics of poor bioavailability, wide distribution, and slow elimination. However, studies have also found that aconitine has toxic effects on the heart, nerves, embryos, etc. Therefore, we believe that aconitine may not be suitable for heart patients and pregnant women to treat related diseases. It is important to note that all of these pharmacological effects require further high-quality studies to determine the clinical efficacy of aconitine. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and detoxification of aconitine in the last decade with an emphasis on its anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, to provide researchers with the latest information and point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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16
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Assessing Drug-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes: Implications for Preclinical Cardiac Safety Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071313. [PMID: 35890211 PMCID: PMC9319223 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity not only leads to the attrition of drugs during development, but also contributes to the high morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases. Comprehensive testing for proarrhythmic risks of drugs has been applied in preclinical cardiac safety assessment for over 15 years. However, other mechanisms of cardiac toxicity have not received such attention. Of them, mitochondrial impairment is a common form of cardiotoxicity and is known to account for over half of cardiovascular adverse-event-related black box warnings imposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Although it has been studied in great depth, mitochondrial toxicity assessment has not yet been incorporated into routine safety tests for cardiotoxicity at the preclinical stage. This review discusses the main characteristics of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes, drug-induced mitochondrial toxicities, and high-throughput screening strategies for cardiomyocytes, as well as their proposed integration into preclinical safety pharmacology. We emphasize the advantages of using adult human primary cardiomyocytes for the evaluation of mitochondrial morphology and function, and the need for a novel cardiac safety testing platform integrating mitochondrial toxicity and proarrhythmic risk assessments in cardiac safety evaluation.
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Anshen Buxin Liuwei Pill, a Mongolian Medicinal Formula, Could Protect H 2O 2-Induced H9c2 Myocardial Cell Injury by Suppressing Apoptosis, Calcium Channel Activation, and Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5023654. [PMID: 35178104 PMCID: PMC8843775 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5023654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Anshen Buxin Liuwei pill (ABLP) is a Mongolian medicinal formula which has a therapeutic effect on the symptoms such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, depression and irritability, palpitation, and short breath. However, its bioactivity against cardiac injury remains unclear. Methods The protective effect of ABLP was evaluated using H9c2 cells. Cell viability, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxidative indices, and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψ) were assessed, respectively. The mRNA levels of Ca2+ channel-related genes (DHPR, RyR2, and SCN5A) and oxidative stress-related genes (Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1) were measured by RT-PCR. Results 0.5–50 μg/mL ABLP could significantly decrease H2O2-induced cell injury by suppressing cell necrosis/apoptosis and excess oxidative stress, ameliorating the collapse of ∆ψ, and reducing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Furthermore, 0.5–50 μg/mL ABLP reversed H2O2-induced imbalance in the mRNA levels of DHPR, RyR2, SCN5A, Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 gene in H9c2 cells, which further illustrate the mechanism. Conclusion ABLP provided protective and therapeutic benefits against H2O2-induced H9c2 cell injury, indicating that this formula can effectively treat coronary disease. In addition, the present study also provides an in-depth understanding of the pharmacological functions of ABLP, which may lead to further successful applications of Mongolian medicine.
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Attenuated Structural Transformation of Indaconitine during Sand Frying Process and Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Its Transformed Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8606459. [PMID: 35222676 PMCID: PMC8872670 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8606459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transformation pathways of diterpenoid alkaloids have been clarified clearly in the boiling and steaming process, but remain to be determined in the sand frying process. The aims of the study were to investigate the transformation pathways of indaconitine in the sand frying process, as well as examine the cardiotoxicity and anti-arrhythmic activity of indaconitine and its transformed products. The transformed product was separated by column chromatography, and the structure was identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. The cardiotoxicity of indaconitine and its transformed products was clarified by observing the electrocardiogram (ECG) changes at the same dose. Furthermore, the anti-arrhythmic activity of the transformed products was investigated using an aconitine-induced rat arrhythmia model. Consequently, Δ15(16)-16-demethoxyindaconitine, a new diterpenoid alkaloid, was isolated from processed indaconitine. Intravenous injection of 0.06 mg/kg indaconitine induced arrhythmias in SD rats, while Δ15(16)-16-demethoxyindaconitine did not exhibit arrhythmias at the same dose. In the anti-arrhythmic assay, mithaconitine, obtained in the previous research, together with Δ15(16)-16-demethoxyindaconitine, could dose-dependently delay the onset time of ventricular premature beat (VPB) and reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), combined with the increasing arrhythmia inhibition rate, exhibiting strong anti-arrhythmic activities. These results indicated that two or more pathways exist in the sand frying process, and the transformed products exhibited lower cardiotoxicity and strong anti-arrhythmic activities, which had the possibility of being developed into anti-arrhythmic drugs.
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Hua F, Shi L, Zhou P. Phenols and terpenoids: natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:137-147. [PMID: 35039992 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory infiltration has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the development of several types of CVDs, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension. Inhibiting the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome can inhibit the progress of CVDs. However, there is no NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor in clinic, and it is very important to find a safe and effective NLRP3 inhibitor. Phenols and terpenoids are naturally natural products that have many anti-inflammatory effects in CVDs by modulating the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Thus, 20 natural products from phenols and terpenoids for the treatment of cardiovascular disease based on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome were summarized and screened. Docking results showed salvianolic acid B and ellagic acid in phenols, and oridonin and triptolide in terpenoids had a better binding activity with NLRP3, which can provide theoretical support for finding novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors or lead compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hua
- Pharmacy School, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Shi
- Pharmacy School, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Xu J, Shen J, Yuan R, Jia B, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Mitochondrial Targeting Therapeutics: Promising Role of Natural Products in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796207. [PMID: 35002729 PMCID: PMC8733608 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this liver disease are still limited. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proven to be closely associated with NAFLD. The mitochondrial injury caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and oxidative stress can aggravate the hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis. which contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD. Therefore, pharmacological therapies that target mitochondria could be a promising way for the NAFLD intervention. Recently, natural products targeting mitochondria have been extensively studied and have shown promising pharmacological activity. In this review, the recent research progress on therapeutic effects of natural-product-derived compounds that target mitochondria and combat NAFLD was summarized, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and reference for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Wang W, Jiang J, Huang Y, Peng F, Hu T, Wu J, Pan X, Rao C. Aconitine induces autophagy via activating oxidative DNA damage-mediated AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114631. [PMID: 34520828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum species, with a medicinal history of 2000 years, was traditionally used in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis, bruises, and pains. However, many studies have reported that Aconitum species can cause arrhythmia in experimental animals, resulting in myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte damage. Cardiotoxicity is the main toxic effect of aconitine, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanism of autophagy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by aconitine. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of aconitine for 24 h, and the intervention sections were pretreated with various inhibitors for 1 h. The effects of aconitine on the oxidative DNA damage, autophagy and viability of H9c2 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. RESULTS In H9c2 cells, the cell viability declined, LDH release rate, the number of autophagosomes, protein expression levels of LC3 and Beclin-1 increased significantly after 24 h of aconitine incubation. The pretreatment of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA decreased markedly autophagosomes and protein expression levels of LC3 and Beclin-1, which suggested that aconitine could induce cell autophagy. The significant increase of ROS and 8-OHdG showed that aconitine could cause oxidative DNA damage through ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, treatment of aconitine dramatically increased AMPKThr172 and ULK1Ser317 phosphorylation, and Compound C inhibited AMPKThr172 and ULK1Ser317 phosphorylation, which proved that aconitine induced autophagy via AMPK activation mediated ULK1 phosphorylation. Antioxidant NAC significantly reduced LDH, ROS and 8-OHdG, inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPKThr172 and ULK1Ser317, and down-regulated autophagosomes and proteins expression levels of LC3 and Beclin-1. Consequently, the inhibition of oxidative DNA damage and AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway alleviated the aconitine-induced autophagic death of H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that aconitine induces autophagy of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by activating AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway mediated by oxidative DNA damage. The autophagy induced by aconitine in cardiomyocytes is dependent on the activation of the AMPK pathway, which may provide novel insights into the prevention of aconitine-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Wang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
| | - Jialuo Jiang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
| | - Jiayang Wu
- West China School of Pharmacy, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China; R&D Center for Efficiency, Safety and Application in Chinese Materia Medica with Medical and Edible Values, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 611137, China.
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Wang H, Liu Y, Guo Z, Wu K, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Zhao B, Lu H. Aconitine induces cell apoptosis via mitochondria and death receptor signaling pathways in hippocampus cell line. Res Vet Sci 2022; 143:124-133. [PMID: 35026629 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine is a plant toxin derived from aconitum genus and well known for its neurological and vascular toxicity. However, the mechanism of toxicity on the growth and apoptosis of the neurological cells has not been well investigated. In this study, we used HT22 cell lines derived from hippocampus to explore the mechanism. We began with examination of the viability and DA (dopamine) contents of cells treated with different dose of aconitine. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in AC-induced HT22 cells. Our results showed that aconitine inhibited HT22 cells growth and increased DA contents in a dose dependent manner. Aconitine treatment induced apoptosis in HT22 cells and we found aconitine induced apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Bax, Cyto c, Apaf-1, Caspase9, Fas, Fas-L, Fadd, Caspase8, Caspase3 with concomitant decreasing of Bcl-2 and Bid expression. Collectively, results suggest that aconitine induce apoptosis through mitochondrial-mediated and death receptor signaling pathways in HT22 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziyu Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kexin Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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23
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Zhang ZH, Li J, Li J, Ma Z, Huang XJ. Veratrilla baillonii Franch Ameliorates Diabetic Liver Injury by Alleviating Insulin Resistance in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:775563. [PMID: 34899339 PMCID: PMC8662784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex and polygenic disorder with diverse complications. Veratrilla baillonii Franch (V. baillonii) has been applied in the intervention and treatment a diverse range of diseases, including diabetes. In this study, we revealed that water extracts of V. baillonii (WVBF) can ameliorate liver injury and insulin resistance in T2DM rat model. To elucidate the anti-diabetic mechanisms of WVBF, we performed liver transcriptome analysis that displayed WVBF treatment significantly suppressed many gene expressions involved in insulin resistance. Furthermore, functional experiments showed that WVBF treatment reduced the pathological damages of liver and pancreas, which may be regulated by Foxo1, Sirt1, G6pc, c-Met, Irs1, Akt1, Pik3r1. These results indicated that WVBF improves diabetic liver injury and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. Therefore, this study demonstrated WVBF could be used as a promising therapeutic agent for intervention and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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24
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Tao P, Wang Y, Wang Y. Attenuation and Structural Transformation of Crassicauline A During Sand Frying Process and Antiarrhythmic Effects of its Transformed Products. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734671. [PMID: 34795582 PMCID: PMC8593248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure safety and efficacy, most Aconitum herbs should be processed before clinical application. The processing methods include boiling, steaming, and sand frying. Among these methods, the transformation pathways of diterpenoid alkaloids in the process of sand frying are more complicated. Therefore, crassicauline A, a natural product with two ester bonds, was chosen as the experimental object. Consequently, a known alkaloid, together with three new alkaloids, was derived from crassicauline A. Meanwhile, the cardiotoxicity of converted products was reduced compared with their parent compound. Interestingly, some diterpenoid alkaloids have similar structures but opposite effects, such as arrhythmia and antiarrhythmic. Considering the converted products are structural analogues of crassicauline A, herein, the antiarrhythmic activity of the transformed products was further investigated. In a rat aconitine-induced arrhythmia assay, the three transformed products, which could dose-dependently delay the ventricular premature beat (VPB) incubation period, reduce the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT), combined with the increasing arrhythmia inhibition rate, exhibited prominent antiarrhythmic activities. Our experiments speculated that there might be at least two transformation pathways of crassicauline A during sand frying. The structure-activity data established in this paper constructs the critical pharmacophore of diterpenoid alkaloids as antiarrhythmic agents, which could be helpful in searching for the potential drugs that are equal or more active and with lower toxicity, than currently clinical used antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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25
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Attenuated Structural Transformation of Aconitine during Sand Frying Process and Antiarrhythmic Effect of Its Converted Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7243052. [PMID: 34733344 PMCID: PMC8560236 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7243052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The transformation pathways of diterpenoid alkaloids have been clarified in the boiling and steaming process. Aconitine, a famous diterpenoid alkaloid, is successively transformed into benzoylaconine and aconine during the processes of boiling and steaming, but the transformation pathway remains to be determined in the sand frying process. The present study aims at investigating the transformation pathways of aconitine in the process of sand frying, as well as assessing the cardiotoxicity and antiarrhythmic activity of aconitine and its converted products. The parameters of temperature and time for the structural transformation of aconitine were confirmed by HPLC. The converted products were further separated and identified by column chromatography, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. Furthermore, by observing the lead II electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in rats under an equivalent dose, the cardiotoxicity of aconitine and its converted products were compared. Ultimately, the antiarrhythmic effect of the converted products was investigated by employing the model of aconitine-induced arrhythmia. Consequently, the structure of aconitine was converted when processed at 120°C–200°C for 1–40 min. Two diterpenoid alkaloids, a pair of epimers, namely, pyroaconitine and 16-epi-pyroaconitine, were further isolated from processed aconitine. 0.03 mg/kg aconitine induced arrhythmias in normal rats, while the converted products did not exhibit arrhythmias under an equal dose. In the antiarrhythmic assay, 16-epi-pyroaconitine could dose-dependently delay the onset time of VPB, reduce the incidence of VT, and increase the arrhythmia inhibition rate, demonstrating comparatively strong antiarrhythmic activity. Conclusively, compared with the prototype compound aconitine, the converted products exhibited lower cardiotoxicity. Further investigations on the cardiotoxicity indicated that pyroaconitine with β configuration had a stronger cardiotoxicity than 16-epi-pyroaconitine with α configuration. Furthermore, 16-epi-pyroaconitine could antagonize the arrhythmogenic effect caused by the prototype compound aconitine; the antiarrhythmic effect of 16-epi-pyroaconitine was stronger than lidocaine and propafenone, which had the potential to be developed as antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Zhang J, Hu K, Di L, Wang P, Liu Z, Zhang J, Yue P, Song W, Zhang J, Chen T, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhan C, Cheng YC, Li X, Li Q, Fan JY, Shen Y, Han JY, Qiao H. Traditional herbal medicine and nanomedicine: Converging disciplines to improve therapeutic efficacy and human health. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113964. [PMID: 34499982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM), an ancient science, is a gift from nature. For thousands of years, it has helped humans fight diseases and protect life, health, and reproduction. Nanomedicine, a newer discipline has evolved from exploitation of the unique nanoscale morphology and is widely used in diagnosis, imaging, drug delivery, and other biomedical fields. Although THM and nanomedicine differ greatly in time span and discipline dimensions, they are closely related and are even evolving toward integration and convergence. This review begins with the history and latest research progress of THM and nanomedicine, expounding their respective developmental trajectory. It then discusses the overlapping connectivity and relevance of the two fields, including nanoaggregates generated in herbal medicine decoctions, the application of nanotechnology in the delivery and treatment of natural active ingredients, and the influence of physiological regulatory capability of THM on the in vivo fate of nanoparticles. Finally, future development trends, challenges, and research directions are discussed.
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Aconitine Induces TRPV2-Mediated Ca 2+ Influx through the p38 MAPK Signal and Promotes Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9567056. [PMID: 34512785 PMCID: PMC8426055 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9567056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine is the main effective component of traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum, which has been proved to have severe cardiovascular toxicity. The toxic effect of aconitine on cardiomyocytes is related to intracellular calcium overload, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of aconitine inducing intracellular Ca2+ overload and promoting H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis through transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2 (TRPV2). After treated with different concentrations of aconitine, the level of cell apoptosis, intracellular Ca2+, and expression of p-p38 MAPK and TRPV2 of H9c2 cardiomyocytes were detected. The results showed that aconitine induced Ca2+ influx and H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and promoted p38 MAPK activation as well as TRPV2 expression and plasma membrane (PM) metastasis. siTRPV2, tranilast, and SB202190 reversed intracellular Ca2+ overload and H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by aconitine. These results suggested that aconitine promoted TRPV2 expression and PM metastasis through p38 MAPK signaling, thus inducing intracellular Ca2+ overload and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, TRPV2 is a potential molecular target for the treatment of aconitine poisoning.
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Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides can protect against aconitine-induced injury in H9c2 cells by maintaining calcium homeostasis and activating the AKT pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e690-e702. [PMID: 34369901 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The present study aimed to investigate the effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides on aconitine induced cardiomyocyte injury and their regulatory mechanisms. The effects of ginsenosides on aconitine-induced cardiomyocyte damage were initially evaluated using H9c2 cells, and the molecular mechanisms were elucidated via molecular docking and western blotting. The changes in enzyme content, reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium (Ca2+) concentration and apoptosis were determined. Furthermore, an aconitine-induced cardiac injury rat model was established, the cardiac injury and serum physiological and biochemical indexes were measured, and the effects of ginsenoside were observed. The results showed that ginsenoside Rb1 significantly increased aconitine-induced cell viability, and its binding conformation with AKT protein was the most significant. In vitro and in vivo, Rb1 protects cardiomyocytes from aconitine-induced injury by regulating oxidative stress levels and maintaining Ca2+ concentration homeostasis. Moreover, Rb1 activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, down-regulated Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, Rb1 protected H9c2 cells from aconitine-induced injury by maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to induce a cascade response of downstream proteins, thereby protecting cardiomyocytes from damage. These results suggested that ginsenoside Rb1 may be a potential cardiac protective drug.
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29
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Tong HL, Chen H, Gong FP, Zhong LY, Zhu J, Yang SH. Components and Pharmacodynamical Mechanism of Yinfupian Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Analyses. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680640. [PMID: 34262452 PMCID: PMC8273442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: According to the treatment records of Yang deficiency syndrome (YDS) with characteristic decoction pieces of lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii—Yinfupian (YF) in traditional Chinese medicine prepare school, known as “Jianchangbang”. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the composition and therapeutic mechanism of the unprocessed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii (ULRA) and its processed product (YF). Methods: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis method were used to determine and screen the main components of ULRA and YF. Changes in the histological structure and morphology of gonads in rats were observed using hematoxylin-eosin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Tandem mass tag proteomics analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in YDS rats treated with ULRA and YF. Results: Both ULRA and YF exerted certain therapeutic effects on rats with YDS. They improved the gonadal morphology and increased the contents of serum cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. After processing of ULRA into YF, the content of C19-diester-diterpenoid alkaloids decreased (converted into C19-monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids and C19-alkylol amine-diterpenoid alkaloids), whereas that of C20-diterpene alkaloids increased. Proteomics analysis showed that cytochrome P450 and aldehyde oxidase 3 (AOX3) were downregulated, whereas cathepsin G (CTSG) was upregulated in rats with YDS. Treatment with ULRA mainly downregulated the expression of α-actinin, fast skeletal troponin, creatine kinase, and myosin. Treatment with YF mainly upregulated the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Conclusion: ULRA and YF exerted good therapeutic effects on YDS; the main difference in components between these preparations was in C19-diterpenoid alkaloids. ULRA mainly acts on the muscle contraction-related proteins and is closely related to inflammation and myocardial injury. YF mainly acts on the mitochondrial proteins and is closely related to adenosine triphosphate energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Tong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei-Peng Gong
- Department of Orthopedic, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhong
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Song-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Zhan G, Wang F, Ding YQ, Li XH, Li YX, Zhao ZR, Li JX, Liu Y, Zhao X, Yan CC, Li BX. Rutaecarpine targets hERG channels and participates in regulating electrophysiological properties leading to ventricular arrhythmia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4938-4949. [PMID: 33939251 PMCID: PMC8178274 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-mediated or medical condition-mediated disruption of hERG function accounts for the main cause of acquired long-QT syndrome (acLQTs), which predisposes affected individuals to ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden death. Many Chinese herbal medicines, especially alkaloids, have risks of arrhythmia in clinical application. The characterized mechanisms behind this adverse effect are frequently associated with inhibition of cardiac hERG channels. The present study aimed to assess the potent effect of Rutaecarpine (Rut) on hERG channels. hERG-HEK293 cell was applied for evaluating the effect of Rut on hERG channels and the underlying mechanism. hERG current (IhERG ) was measured by patch-clamp technique. Protein levels were analysed by Western blot, and the phosphorylation of Sp1 was determined by immunoprecipitation. Optical mapping and programmed electrical stimulation were used to evaluate cardiac electrophysiological activities, such as APD, QT/QTc, occurrence of arrhythmia, phase singularities (PSs), and dominant frequency (DF). Our results demonstrated that Rut reduced the IhERG by binding to F656 and Y652 amino acid residues of hERG channel instantaneously, subsequently accelerating the channel inactivation, and being trapped in the channel. The level of hERG channels was reduced by incubating with Rut for 24 hours, and Sp1 in nucleus was inhibited simultaneously. Mechanismly, Rut reduced threonine (Thr)/ tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation of Sp1 through PI3K/Akt pathway to regulate hERG channels expression. Cell-based model unables to fully reveal the pathological process of arrhythmia. In vivo study, we found that Rut prolonged QT/QTc intervals and increased induction rate of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in guinea pig heart after being dosed Rut for 2 weeks. The critical reasons led to increased incidence of arrhythmias eventually were prolonged APD90 and APD50 and the increase of DF, numbers of PSs, incidence of early after-depolarizations (EADs). Collectively, the results of this study suggest that Rut could reduce the IhERG by binding to hERG channels through F656 and Y652 instantaneously. While, the PI3K/Akt/Sp1 axis may play an essential role in the regulation of hERG channels, from the perspective of the long-term effects of Rut (incubating for 24 hours). Importantly, the changes of electrophysiological properties by Rut were the main cause of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun-Qi Ding
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai-Chuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bao-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhou J, Peng F, Cao X, Xie X, Chen D, Yang L, Rao C, Peng C, Pan X. Risk Compounds, Preclinical Toxicity Evaluation, and Potential Mechanisms of Chinese Materia Medica-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:578796. [PMID: 33867974 PMCID: PMC8044783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.578796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese materia medica (CMM) has been applied for the prevention and treatment of diseases for thousands of years. However, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, and other cardiac adverse reactions during CMM application were gradually reported. CMM-induced cardiotoxicity has aroused widespread attention. Our review aimed to summarize the risk compounds, preclinical toxicity evaluation, and potential mechanisms of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity. All relevant articles published on the PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for the latest twenty years were searched and manually extracted. The risk substances of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity are relatively complex. A single CMM usually contains various risk compounds, and the same risk substance may exist in various CMM. The active and risk substances in CMM may be transformed into each other under different conditions, such as drug dosage, medication methods, and body status. Generally, the risk compounds of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity can be classified into alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, heavy metals, organic acids, toxic proteins, and peptides. Traditional evaluation methods of chemical drug-induced cardiotoxicity primarily include cardiac function monitoring, endomyocardial biopsy, myocardial zymogram, and biomarker determination. In the preclinical stage, CMM-induced cardiotoxicity should be systematically evaluated at the overall, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels, including cardiac function, histopathology, cytology, myocardial zymogram, and biomarkers. Thanks to the development of systematic biology, the higher specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers, such as genes, proteins, and metabolic small molecules, are gradually applied for evaluating CMM-induced cardiotoxicity. Previous studies on the mechanisms of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity focused on a single drug, monomer or components of CMM. The interaction among ion homeostasis (sodium, potassium, and calcium ions), oxidative damage, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis and autophagy, and metabolic disturbance is involved in CMM-induced cardiotoxicity. Clarification on the risk compounds, preclinical toxicity evaluation, and potential mechanisms of CMM-induced cardiotoxicity must be beneficial to guide new CMM development and post-marketed CMM reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fu Peng
- West China School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dayi Chen
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolong Rao
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Li J, Zhao C, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Li G, Li X, Li Y, Wu N, Ma C. Sweroside Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis Partially via Modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 Axis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650368. [PMID: 33816579 PMCID: PMC8017130 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Sweroside, a secoiridoid glucoside extracted from Swertia pseudochinensis Hara, is reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, whether sweroside has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to confirm the cardioprotective effect of sweroside and to identify its underlying mechanism. Methods and Results: H9c2 cells were pretreated with sweroside and then underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation. Cell Counting Kit-8, creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were conducted to detect cell viability and myocardial injury, respectively. The Langendorff method was used to induce myocardial IR injury ex vivo. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was performed to detect myocardial infarct size, while protein expression was analyzed using western blotting. Overall, the results indicated that sweroside pretreatment dose-dependently led to a significant enhancement in cell viability, a decrease in release of CK-MB and LDH, a reduction in infarct size, and an improvement in cardiac function. Additionally, sweroside pretreatment caused a marked suppression of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the fact that sweroside decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, while enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, sweroside was found to notably repress pyroptosis, as sweroside blocked pore formation in the cell membrane, inhibited caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β activity, and decreased the expression levels of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β. Mechanistically, it was found that sweroside inhibited Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and induced nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the inhibition of oxidative stress and pyroptosis by sweroside could be abrogated via the inhibition of Nrf2 expression, which suggested that the protective effect induced by sweroside was Nrf2-dependent. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that sweroside pretreatment could protect against myocardial IR injury by inhibiting of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis partially via modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuiting Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yonghuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Core Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang M, Wang R, Sun H, Sun G, Sun X. Ginsenoside Rb1 ameliorates cardiotoxicity triggered by aconitine via inhibiting calcium overload and pyroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153468. [PMID: 33513559 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aconitine-induced cardiotoxicity limits the clinical treatment of cardiotonic, cancers and immune-related diseases. Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine with cardioprotective effect. PURPOSE This study aims to study the mechanism of aconitine cardiotoxicity and the detoxification mechanism of Rb1. STUDY DESIGN METHODS: The regulatory effect of Rb1 on aconitine was evaluated in vitro and in vivo by myocardial enzyme indicators, pathological analysis, CardioECR detection, calcium transient analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Rb1 (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) alleviated apoptotic myocardial damage caused by aconitine in rats. Furthermore, Rb1 (25, 50, 100 μM) restored the contractile function and field potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) by regulating calcium channels and reduced myocardial cell damage by inhibiting the calcium transients of adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs). Rb1 significantly reduced calcium levels in hiPSC-CMs, directly indicating that aconitine-induced calcium overload was alleviated by Rb1. Further, aconitine caused calcium overload by changing the expression of calcium pathway proteins, while Rb1 effectively restored calcium homeostasis. In addition, Rb1 also had a cardioprotective role by inhibiting cell pyroptosis. These results suggested that the maintenance of calcium homeostasis helped to suppress the inflammatory response related to pyroptosis of the heart. CONCLUSION Aconitine-induced cardiotoxicity can be alleviated by Rb1 via restoring calcium homeostasis and inhibiting apoptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li ES, Saha MS. Optimizing Calcium Detection Methods in Animal Systems: A Sandbox for Synthetic Biology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:343. [PMID: 33668387 PMCID: PMC7996158 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the emergence and expansion of novel methods for calcium ion (Ca2+) detection have found diverse applications in vitro and in vivo across a series of model animal systems. Matched with advances in fluorescence imaging techniques, the improvements in the functional range and stability of various calcium indicators have significantly enhanced more accurate study of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and its effects on cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and regulation. Nonetheless, the current limitations broadly presented by organic calcium dyes, genetically encoded calcium indicators, and calcium-responsive nanoparticles suggest a potential path toward more rapid optimization by taking advantage of a synthetic biology approach. This engineering-oriented discipline applies principles of modularity and standardization to redesign and interrogate endogenous biological systems. This review will elucidate how novel synthetic biology technologies constructed for eukaryotic systems can offer a promising toolkit for interfacing with calcium signaling and overcoming barriers in order to accelerate the process of Ca2+ detection optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret S. Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA;
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Zhou W, Liu H, Qiu LZ, Yue LX, Zhang GJ, Deng HF, Ni YH, Gao Y. Cardiac efficacy and toxicity of aconitine: A new frontier for the ancient poison. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1798-1811. [PMID: 33512023 DOI: 10.1002/med.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aconitine (AC) is well-known as the main toxic ingredient and active compound of Aconitum species, of which several aconites are essential herbal medicines of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and widely applied to treat diverse diseases for their excellent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and cardiotonic effects. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC attracted a lot of attention and made it a favorite botanic poison in history. Nowadays, the narrow therapeutic window of AC limits the clinical application of AC-containing herbal medicines; overdosing on AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, both of which are potentially lethal. But the underlying cardiotoxic mechanisms remained chaos. Recently, beyond its cardiotoxic effects, emerging evidence shows that low doses of AC or its metabolites could generate cardioprotective effects and are necessary to aconite's clinical efficacy. Consistent with TCM's theory that even toxic substances are powerful medicines, AC thus could not be simply identified as a toxicant or a drug. To prevent cardiotoxicity while digging the unique value of AC in cardiac pharmacology, there exists a huge urge to better know the characteristic of AC being a cardiotoxic agent or a potential heart drug. Here, this article reviews the advances of AC metabolism and focuses on the latest mechanistic findings of cardiac efficacy and toxicity of this aconite alkaloid or its metabolites. We also discuss how to prevent AC-related cardiotoxicity, as well as the issues before the development of AC-based medicines that should be solved, to provide new insight into the paradoxical nature of this ancient poison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Qiu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan-Xin Yue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Fang Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Veratrilla baillonii Franch exerts anti-diabetic activity and improves liver injury through IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Wang H, Chen C, Liu R, Wang X, Zhao Y, Yan Z, Cai E, Zhu H. Potential Myocardial Protection of 3,4-seco-Lupane Triterpenoids from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2020; 18:e2000830. [PMID: 33188566 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A rich of 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids including chiisanoside (CSS), divaroside (DVS), sessiloside-A1 (SSA) and chiisanogenin (CSG) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus. On the basis of previous studies, this article focused on four important components of 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids in Acanthopanax sessiliflorus leaves and explored their protective effects against aconitine-induced cardiomyocyte injury and their molecular mechanisms. The results showed that pretreatment with 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids could effectively increase cell viability, reduce CK-MB and LDH activities, reduce ROS production, maintain calcium concentration balance, and inhibit apoptosis, with divaroside having the best effect. In addition, Western blot results showed that divaroside down-regulated Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and up-regulated Bcl-2 expression through activating the PI3 K/AKT pathway. However, the LY294002 inhibitor reversed this situation. This suggests that 3,4-seco-lupane triterpenoids may be a new hotspot for potential myocardial protective drugs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zhaowei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, P. R. China
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Notch1-mediated histone demethylation of HCN4 contributes to aconitine-induced ventricular myocardial dysrhythmia. Toxicol Lett 2020; 327:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang M, Shi Y, Yao L, Li Q, Wang Y, Fu D. Potential Molecular Mechanisms and Drugs for Aconitine-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Zebrafish through RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924092. [PMID: 32598336 PMCID: PMC7341694 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiotoxicity is one of the main manifestations of aconitine (AC) poisoning. However, the molecular mechanism of AC-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear, there is little direct evidence for therapeutic targets and drugs of AC-induced cardiotoxicity. Material/Methods Zebrafish were exposed to AC to evaluate cardiotoxicity by calculating the heart rates and observing the changes of cardiac and vascular structure. RNA-seq (RNA sequencing) and bioinformatics analysis were used to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The anti-AC cardiotoxicity compound was identified via connectivity map (CMAP) analysis and molecular docking. Results AC-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish predominantly included arrhythmias, extended sinus venous and bulbus arteriosus (SV-BA) distance, and larger pericardial edema aera. A total of 1380 DEGs were identified by RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) was screened as the hub gene and the most potential therapeutic target due to its significant downregulation in cardiotoxicity based on protein-protein interaction (PPI) and drug-gene interaction (DGIdb) network analysis. Cell cycle signal pathway was the most significant pathways identified in the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the expression of CDK1 was validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database GSE71906, GSE65705, and GSE95140. Finally, heptaminol was identified as a novel anti-AC cardiotoxicity compound via CMAP analysis and molecular docking. Conclusions Totally, hub genes and key pathways identified in this study can aid in the understanding of the molecular changes in AC-induced cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, we provide a systematic method to explore drug toxicity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yanan Shi
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Yao
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Youhua Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Deyu Fu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Li HQ, Xu JY, Gao YY, Jin L, Chen JM, Chen FZ. Supramolecular structure, in vivo biological activities and molecular-docking-based potential cardiotoxic exploration of aconine hydrochloride monohydrate as a novel salt form. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2020; 76:208-224. [PMID: 32831223 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520620001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high profile of aconine in WuTou injection, there has been no preparative technology or structural studies of its salt as the pharmaceutical product. The lack of any halide salt forms is surprising as aconine contains a tertiary nitrogen atom. In this work, aconine was prepared from the degradation of aconitine in Aconiti kusnezoffii radix (CaoWu). A green chemistry technique was applied to enrich the lipophilic-poor aconine. Reaction of aconine with hydrochloride acid resulted in protonation of the nitrogen atom and gave a novel salt form (C25H42NO9+·Cl-·H2O; aconine hydrochloride monohydrate, AHM), whose cation in the crystal structure was elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The AHM crystal had a Z' = 3 structure with three independent cation-anion pairs, with profound conformational differences among the aconine cations. The central framework of each aconine cation was compared with that of previously reported aconitine, proving that protonation of the nitrogen atom induced the structure rearrangement. In the crystal of AHM, aconine cations, chloride anions and water molecules interacted through inter-species O-H...Cl and O-H...O hydrogen bonds; this complex hydrogen-bonding network stabilizes the supramolecular structure. The seriously disordered solvent molecules were treated using the PLATON SQUEEZE procedure [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9-18] and their atoms were therefore omitted from the refinement. Bioactivity studies indicated that AHM promoted in vitro proliferative activities of RAW264.7 cells. Molecular docking suggested AHM could target cardiotoxic protein through the hydrogen-bonding interactions. The structural confirmation of AHM offers a rational approach for improving the pharmaceutical technology of WuTou injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qing Li
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, No. 83, Da Xue East Road, Sai Han District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yin Xu
- Mongolian Pharmaceutical Preparation Center, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan Gao
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, No. 83, Da Xue East Road, Sai Han District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jin
- State Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, No. 83, Da Xue East Road, Sai Han District, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Greenpure Biopharma Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 614041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, Sichuan 614004, People's Republic of China
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Li M, Xie X, Chen H, Xiong Q, Tong R, Peng C, Peng F. Aconitine induces cardiotoxicity through regulation of calcium signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos and in H9c2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:780-793. [PMID: 31975431 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fuzi, the processed lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is a traditional herbal medicine that is well known for its excellent pharmacological effects and acute toxicity. Aconitine is one of the diester-diterpene alkaloids and well-known for its arrhythmogenic effects. However, the effects of aconitine in zebrafish have rarely been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of aconitine on zebrafish embryos and H9c2 cells. Zebrafish embryos at 48 hours postfertilization were exposed to aconitine, and then, cardiac function and apoptosis were measured. Through transcriptomic analysis, the cardiotoxicity of aconitine in zebrafish embryos was involved in regulating Ca2+ signal pathways. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the expression of Ca2+ pathway-related genes after 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours of treatment. Meanwhile, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and cell apoptosis were observed in H9c2 cells treated with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of aconitine for 30 minutes. The protein levels of troponin T (TnT), caspase 3, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by western blot analysis. In vivo, 2.0 and 8.0 μm aconitine decreased the heart rate and inhibited the contraction of ventricles and atria in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, aconitine increased expression of cacna1c, RYR2, atp2a2b, Myh6, troponin C, p38, caspase 3, Bcl-2 and Bax for 12 hours. In vitro, 1.5 and 4.5 mm aconitine caused intracellular Ca2+ ion oscillation, increased rates of apoptosis, inhibited TnT and Bcl-2 protein expression, and promoted caspase 3 and Bax protein expression. These data confirmed that aconitine at various concentrations induced cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis were related to the Ca2+ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haimei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fu Peng
- School of Pharmacy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Neuroprotective Effects of Cornus officinalis on Stress-Induced Hippocampal Deficits in Rats and H 2O 2-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010027. [PMID: 31888114 PMCID: PMC7023136 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a vital role in neurodegenerative diseases. Cornus officinalis (CC) has a wide range of pharmacological activities (e.g., antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory). The present study was undertaken to elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism of CC and fermented CC (FCC) on stress and H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in rats and SH-SY5Y cells. A dose of 100 mg/kg CC or FCC was orally administered to rats 1 h prior to immobilization 2 h per day for 14 days. CC, especially FCC administration decreased immobility time in forced swim test (FST), effectively alleviated the oxidative stress, and remarkably decreased corticosterone, β-endorphin and increased serotonin levels, respectively. In cells, CC and FCC significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and significantly increased the genes expression of antioxidant and neuronal markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, the pro-apoptotic factor Bax and anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio was regulated by CC and FCC pretreatment. Both in rats and cells, CC and FCC downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CC and particularly FCC ameliorated oxidative stress and may be used on the neuroprotection.
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Pan Z, Xiong F, Chen YL, Wan GG, Zhang Y, Chen ZW, Cao WF, Zhou GY. Traceability of Geographical Origin in Gentiana straminea by UPLC-Q Exactive Mass and Multivariate Analyses. Molecules 2019; 24:E4478. [PMID: 31817679 PMCID: PMC6943584 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Gentianaceae), is officially listed as "Qin-Jiao" in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, icteric hepatitis, constipation, pain, and hypertension. To establish the geographical origin traceability in G. straminea, its chemical profiles were determined by a UPLC-Q exactive mass spectrometer, from which 43 compounds were identified by comparing retention times and mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, a pair of isomers (loganin and secologanol) was identified by mass spectrometry based on their fragmentation pathway. A total of 42 samples from difference habitats were determined by an UPLC-Q exactive mass spectrometer and the data were assayed with multivariate statistical analysis. Eight characteristic compounds were identified to determine the geographical origin of the herb. To estimate the key characteristic markers associated with pharmacological function, the inhibiting activities of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were examined. This finding is crucial in realizing the determination of botanical origin and evaluating the quality of G. straminea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (G.-G.W.); (W.-F.C.)
| | - Feng Xiong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, China;
| | - Yi-Long Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 404000, China;
| | - Guo-Guo Wan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (G.-G.W.); (W.-F.C.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Centre for Academic Inheritance and Innovation of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Wen-Fu Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (G.-G.W.); (W.-F.C.)
| | - Guo-Ying Zhou
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, China;
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Guo T, Cheng N, Zhao J, Hou X, Zhang Y, Feng N. Novel nanostructured lipid carriers-loaded dissolving microneedles for controlled local administration of aconitine. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yuan M, Meng XW, Ma J, Liu H, Song SY, Chen QC, Liu HY, Zhang J, Song N, Ji FH, Peng K. Dexmedetomidine protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced intracellular calcium overload and apoptosis through regulating FKBP12.6/RyR2 signaling. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3137-3149. [PMID: 31564830 PMCID: PMC6730549 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s219533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload is a major cause of cell injury during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and organ protective effects. This study aimed to investigate whether pretreatment with DEX could protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury through regulating the Ca2+ signaling. Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to OGD for 12 h, followed by 3 h of reoxygenation. DEX was administered 1 h prior to OGD/R. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, level of [Ca2+]i, cell apoptosis, and the expression of 12.6-kd FK506-binding protein/ryanodine receptor 2 (FKBP12.6/RyR2) and caspase-3 were assessed. Results Cells exposed to OGD/R had decreased cell viability, increased LDH release, elevated [Ca2+]i level and apoptosis rate, down-regulated expression of FKBP12.6, and up-regulated expression of phosphorylated-Ser2814-RyR2 and cleaved caspase-3. Pretreatment with DEX significantly blocked the above-mentioned changes, alleviating the OGD/R-induced injury in H9c2 cells. Moreover, knockdown of FKBP12.6 by small interfering RNA abolished the protective effects of DEX. Conclusion This study indicates that DEX pretreatment protects the cardiomyocytes against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting [Ca2+]i overload and cell apoptosis via regulating the FKBP12.6/RyR2 signaling. DEX may be used for preventing cardiac I/R injury in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Shao-Yong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Cai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, People's Republic of China
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