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Anton DB, de Lima JC, Dahmer BR, Camini AM, Goettert MI, Timmers LFSM. Taming the storm: potential anti-inflammatory compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01525-9. [PMID: 39048773 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In severe COVID-19 cases, an exacerbated inflammatory response triggers a cytokine storm that can worsen the prognosis. Compounds with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities show promise as candidates for COVID-19 therapy, as they potentially act against the SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of the disease stage. One of the most attractive drug targets among coronaviruses is the main protease (MPro). This enzyme is crucial for cleaving polyproteins into non-structural proteins required for viral replication. The aim of this review was to identify SARS-CoV-2 MPro inhibitors with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. The interactions of the compounds within the SARS-CoV-2 MPro binding site were analyzed through molecular docking when data from crystallographic structures were unavailable. 18 compounds were selected and classified into five different superclasses. Five of them exhibit high potency against MPro: GC-376, baicalein, naringenin, heparin, and carmofur, with IC50 values below 0.2 μM. The MPro inhibitors selected have the potential to alleviate lung edema and decrease cytokine release. These molecules mainly target three critical inflammatory pathways: NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK, all previously associated with COVID-19 pathogenesis. The structures of the compounds occupy the S1/S2 substrate binding subsite of the MPro. They interact with residues from the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) and/or with the oxyanion hole (Gly143, Ser144, and Cys145), which are pivotal for substrate recognition. The MPro SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors with potential anti-inflammatory activities present here could be optimized for maximum efficacy and safety and be explored as potential treatment of both mild and severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Bublitz Anton
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, CEP 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Camargo de Lima
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, CEP 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rampanelli Dahmer
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, CEP 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Ana Micaela Camini
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, CEP 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Marcia Inês Goettert
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, CEP 95914-014, Brazil.
- Medical Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, CEP 95914-014, Brazil.
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Wan Q, Lu Q, Luo S, Guan C, Zhang H. The beneficial health effects of puerarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3. [PMID: 38709267 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death globally that seriously threaten human health. Although novel western medicines have continued to be discovered over the past few decades to inhibit the progression of CVDs, new drug research and development for treating CVDs with less side effects and adverse reactions are continuously being desired. Puerarin is a natural product found in a variety of medicinal plants belonging to the flavonoid family with potent biological and pharmacological activities. Abundant research findings in the literature have suggested that puerarin possesses a promising prospect in treating CVDs. In recent years, numerous new molecular mechanisms of puerarin have been explored in experimental and clinical studies, providing new evidence for this plant metabolite to protect against CVDs. This article systematically introduces the history of use, bioavailability, and various dosage forms of puerarin and further summarizes recently published data on the major research advances and their underlying therapeutic mechanisms in treating CVDs. It may provide references for researchers in the fields of pharmacology, natural products, and internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 445 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Qiwen Lu
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Sang Luo
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Chengyan Guan
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Graduate School, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Avenue, Nanchang, 330004, China
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Lu X, Li G, Liu Y, Luo G, Ding S, Zhang T, Li N, Geng Q. The role of fatty acid metabolism in acute lung injury: a special focus on immunometabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:120. [PMID: 38456906 PMCID: PMC10923746 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Reputable evidence from multiple studies suggests that excessive and uncontrolled inflammation plays an indispensable role in mediating, amplifying, and protracting acute lung injury (ALI). Traditionally, immunity and energy metabolism are regarded as separate functions regulated by distinct mechanisms, but recently, more and more evidence show that immunity and energy metabolism exhibit a strong interaction which has given rise to an emerging field of immunometabolism. Mammalian lungs are organs with active fatty acid metabolism, however, during ALI, inflammation and oxidative stress lead to a series metabolic reprogramming such as impaired fatty acid oxidation, increased expression of proteins involved in fatty acid uptake and transport, enhanced synthesis of fatty acids, and accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, obesity represents a significant risk factor for ALI/ARDS. Thus, we have further elucidated the mechanisms of obesity exacerbating ALI from the perspective of fatty acid metabolism. To sum up, this paper presents a systematical review of the relationship between extensive fatty acid metabolic pathways and acute lung injury and summarizes recent advances in understanding the involvement of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in ALI. We hold an optimistic believe that targeting fatty acid metabolism pathway is a promising lung protection strategy, but the specific regulatory mechanisms are way too complex, necessitating further extensive and in-depth investigations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guoqing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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4
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Uddin MJ, Overkleeft HS, Lentz CS. Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Reveals the Broad Reactivity of a Carmofur-Derived Probe. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300473. [PMID: 37552008 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling is a powerful chemoproteomic technique to detect active enzymes and identify targets and off-targets of drugs. Here, we report the use of carmofur- and activity-based probes to identify biologically relevant enzymes in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Carmofur is an anti-neoplastic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and also has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. Carmofur probes were originally designed to target human acid ceramidase, a member of the NTN hydrolase family with an active-site cysteine nucleophile. Here, we first profiled the targets of a fluorescent carmofur probe in live S. aureus under biofilm-promoting conditions and in liquid culture, before proceeding to target identification by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Treatment with a carmofur-biotin probe led to enrichment of 20 enzymes from diverse families awaiting further characterization, including the NTN hydrolase-related IMP cyclohydrolase PurH. However, the probe preferentially labeled serine hydrolases, thus displaying a reactivity profile similar to that of carbamates. Our results suggest that the electrophilic N-carbamoyl-5-fluorouracil scaffold could potentially be optimized to achieve selectivity towards diverse enzyme families. The observed promiscuous reactivity profile suggests that the clinical use of carmofur presumably leads to inactivation of a number human and microbial enzymes, which could lead to side effects and/or contribute to therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian S Lentz
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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Šahinović I, Mandić S, Mihić D, Duvnjak M, Loinjak D, Sabadi D, Majić Z, Perić L, Šerić V. Endocannabinoids, Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, as Prognostic Markers of Sepsis Outcome and Complications. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2023; 8:802-811. [PMID: 35649233 PMCID: PMC10589499 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the major challenges in improving sepsis care is early prediction of sepsis complications. The endocannabinoid system has been intensely studied in recent years; however, little is known about its role in sepsis in humans. This study aimed to assess the prognostic role of endocannabinoids, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), as early predictors of mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) requirement, and length of stay (LOS) in patients with sepsis. Materials and Methods: In total, 106 patients with confirmed sepsis were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into groups according to mortality outcome (survival, N=53; nonsurvival, N=53), IMV requirement (IMV group, N=26; non-IMV group, N=80), and LOS (LOS <10 days, N=59; LOS ≥10 days, N=47). Patients' clinical status was assessed along with laboratory biomarkers as well as AEA and 2-AG concentration measurements early on admission to emergency units. AEA and 2-AG levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an ELISA processor, EtiMax 3000 (DiaSorin, Saluggia, Italy). The predictive value of AEA and 2-AG for the studied sepsis outcomes and complications was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Two endocannabinoids showed no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors, although an AEA concentration <7.16 μg/L predicted mortality outcome with a sensitivity of 57% (95% confidence interval [CI] 42-71) and specificity of 80% (95% CI 66-91). AEA concentrations ≤17.84 μg/L predicted LOS ≥10 days with sensitivity of 98% (95% CI 89-100) and specificity of 34% (95% CI 22-47). When analyzing IMV requirement, levels of AEA and 2-AG were significantly lower within the IMV group compared with the non-IMV group (5.94 μg/L [2.04-9.44] and 6.70 μg/L [3.50-27.04], p=0.043, and 5.68 μg/L [2.30-8.60] and 9.58 μg/L [4.83-40.05], p=0.002, respectively). The 2-AG showed the best performance for IMV requirement prediction, with both sensitivity and specificity of 69% (p<0.001). Endocannabinoid AEA was an independent risk factor of LOS ≥10 days (odds ratio [OR] 23.59; 95% CI 3.03-183.83; p=0.003) and IMV requirement in sepsis (OR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93; p=0.004). Conclusion: Low AEA concentration is a prognostic factor of hospital LOS longer than 10 days. Lower AEA and 2-AG concentrations obtained at the time of admission to the hospital are predictors of IMV requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Šahinović
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Mandić
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Mihić
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Duvnjak
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Clinic of Infective Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Loinjak
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Sabadi
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Clinic of Infective Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Majić
- Department of Pulmonology and Intensive Care, Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ljiljana Perić
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Clinic of Infective Diseases, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vatroslav Šerić
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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6
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Di Bonaventura G, Lupetti V, Di Giulio A, Muzzi M, Piccirilli A, Cariani L, Pompilio A. Repurposing High-Throughput Screening Identifies Unconventional Drugs with Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Experimental Conditions Relevant to Cystic Fibrosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0035223. [PMID: 37306577 PMCID: PMC10433973 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00352-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen infecting cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs, causing acute and chronic infections. Intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance allow P. aeruginosa to colonize and persist despite antibiotic treatment, making new therapeutic approaches necessary. Combining high-throughput screening and drug repurposing is an effective way to develop new therapeutic uses for drugs. This study screened a drug library of 3,386 drugs, mostly FDA approved, to identify antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa under physicochemical conditions relevant to CF-infected lungs. Based on the antibacterial activity, assessed spectrophotometrically against the prototype RP73 strain and 10 other CF virulent strains, and the toxic potential evaluated toward CF IB3-1 bronchial epithelial cells, five potential hits were selected for further analysis: the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ebselen, the anticancer drugs tirapazamine, carmofur, and 5-fluorouracil, and the antifungal tavaborole. A time-kill assay showed that ebselen has the potential to cause rapid and dose-dependent bactericidal activity. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by viable cell count and crystal violet assays, revealing carmofur and 5-fluorouracil as the most active drugs in preventing biofilm formation regardless of the concentration. In contrast, tirapazamine and tavaborole were the only drugs actively dispersing preformed biofilms. Tavaborole was the most active drug against CF pathogens other than P. aeruginosa, especially against Burkholderia cepacia and Acinetobacter baumannii, while carmofur, ebselen, and tirapazamine were particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus and B. cepacia. Electron microscopy and propidium iodide uptake assay revealed that ebselen, carmofur, and tirapazamine significantly damage cell membranes, with leakage and cytoplasm loss, by increasing membrane permeability. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance makes it urgent to design new strategies for treating pulmonary infections in CF patients. The repurposing approach accelerates drug discovery and development, as the drugs' general pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties are already well known. In the present study, for the first time, a high-throughput compound library screening was performed under experimental conditions relevant to CF-infected lungs. Among 3,386 drugs screened, the clinically used drugs from outside infection treatment ebselen, tirapazamine, carmofur, 5-fluorouracil, and tavaborole showed, although to different extents, anti-P. aeruginosa activity against planktonic and biofilm cells and broad-spectrum activity against other CF pathogens at concentrations not toxic to bronchial epithelial cells. The mode-of-action studies revealed ebselen, carmofur, and tirapazamine targeted the cell membrane, increasing its permeability with subsequent cell lysis. These drugs are strong candidates for repurposing for treating CF lung P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Veronica Lupetti
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lisa Cariani
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Lai M, La Rocca V, Iacono E, Filipponi C, De Carli A, Favaro D, Fonnesu R, Filippini F, Spezia PG, Amato R, Catelli E, Matteo B, Lottini G, Onorati M, Clementi N, Freer G, Piomelli D, Pistello M. Inhibiting immunoregulatory amidase NAAA blocks ZIKV maturation in Human Neural Stem Cells. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105664. [PMID: 37414288 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that lipids play a crucial role in viral infections beyond their traditional functions of supplying envelope and energy, and creating protected niches for viral replication. In the case of Zika virus (ZIKV), it alters host lipids by enhancing lipogenesis and suppressing β-oxidation to generate viral factories at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interface. This discovery prompted us to hypothesize that interference with lipogenesis could serve as a dual antiviral and anti-inflammatory strategy to combat the replication of positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA+) viruses. To test this hypothesis, we examined the impact of inhibiting N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) on ZIKV-infected human Neural Stem Cells. NAAA is responsible for the hydrolysis of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in lysosomes and endolysosomes. Inhibition of NAAA results in PEA accumulation, which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), directing β-oxidation and preventing inflammation. Our findings indicate that inhibiting NAAA through gene-editing or drugs moderately reduces ZIKV replication by approximately one log10 in Human Neural Stem Cells, while also releasing immature virions that have lost their infectivity. This inhibition impairs furin-mediated prM cleavage, ultimately blocking ZIKV maturation. In summary, our study highlights NAAA as a host target for ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, University of Pisa (CISUP), Italy.
| | - Veronica La Rocca
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Iacono
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Carolina Filipponi
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Carli
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Domenico Favaro
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossella Fonnesu
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Filippini
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Giorgio Spezia
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rachele Amato
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Catelli
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Lottini
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Marco Onorati
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Nicola Clementi
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-4625, United States
| | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Xiu Y, Su Y, Gao L, Yuan H, Xu S, Liu Y, Qiu Y, Liu Z, Li Y. Corylin accelerated wound healing through SIRT1 and PI3K/AKT signaling: a candidate remedy for chronic non-healing wounds. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1153810. [PMID: 37266148 PMCID: PMC10229780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1153810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic non-healing wound is a considerable clinical challenge and research into the discovery of novel pro-healing agents is underway as existing therapeutic approaches cannot sufficiently meet current needs. Method: We studied the effects of corylin in cell line fibroblasts and macrophages by Western blots, PCR, Flow cytometry assay, Immunofluorescence. Results: We showed that corylin, a main flavonoid extracted from Psoralea corylifolia L, reduced inflammatory responses, promoted collagen deposition, and accelerated the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in mice. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms showed that corylin activated the PI3K/AKT signaling, leading to fibroblasts' migration, proliferation, and scratch healing. Corylin also activated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling, enhanced the deacetylation and cytoplasmic translocation of NF-κB p65, and therefore reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/AKT and sirtuin 1 pathway with LY294002 and EX527 prevent the therapeutic potency of corylin against chronic wounds. Conclusion: In summary, our results suggested that corylin may be a candidate for the development of novel pro-healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xiu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Su
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Sennan Xu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China
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Sadeeshkumar H, Balaji A, Sutherland AG, Mootien S, Anthony KG, Breaker RR. Screening for small molecule inhibitors of SAH nucleosidase using an SAH riboswitch. Anal Biochem 2023; 666:115047. [PMID: 36682579 PMCID: PMC11149561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens, it is imperative to identify new targets for antibiotic drug discovery. The S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase enzyme is a promising target for antimicrobial drug development due to its critical functions in multiple bacterial processes including recycling of toxic byproducts of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-mediated reactions and producing the precursor of the universal quorum sensing signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Riboswitches are structured RNA elements typically used by bacteria to precisely monitor and respond to changes in essential bacterial processes, including metabolism. Natural riboswitches fused to a reporter gene can be exploited to detect changes in metabolism or in physiological signaling. We performed a high-throughput screen (HTS) using an SAH-riboswitch controlled β-galactosidase reporter gene in Escherichia coli to discover small molecules that inhibit SAH recycling. We demonstrate that the assay strategy using SAH riboswitches to detect the effects of SAH nucleosidase inhibitors can quickly identify compounds that penetrate the barriers of Gram-negative bacterial cells and perturb pathways involving SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sadeeshkumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA
| | - Aparaajita Balaji
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA
| | | | | | - Karen G Anthony
- L2 Diagnostics, LLC, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA.
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10
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Xie X, Wu X, Zhao D, Liu Y, Du Q, Li Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Qiu Y, Yang Y. Fluvoxamine alleviates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis via regulating the cGAS-STING pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106577. [PMID: 36435270 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease with high mortality and limited effective therapy. Herein, we reported that fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), used in depression and anxiety treatment, also exhibited therapeutic activities in IPF. Fluvoxamine inhibited cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), restrained the activation of their downstream targets, including PERK/ eIF2α/ c-Myc/ miR-9-5p/ TBPL1 and TBK1/ YAP/ JNK1/2/ Bnip3/ CaMKII/ cofilin signaling, thus attenuated the activation and migration of fibroblasts upon TGF-β1 challenge. Fluvoxamine dose-dependently improved pulmonary function, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, reduced excessive production of extracellular matrix, and thus alleviated bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in mice. Moreover, fluvoxamine at a dose of 10 mg/ kg showed similar efficacy as pirfenidone (PFD) at a dose of 30 mg/kg in a mice model of lung fibrosis. In summary, our results suggest that fluvoxamine is an effective anti-fibrotic agent for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No.55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China; Institute of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiyue Du
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yitian Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361002, China; Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361002, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian 361005, China.
| | - Yan Qiu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yungang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No.55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China; Institute of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No.55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
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11
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Hall S, Faridi S, Trivedi P, Sultana S, Ray B, Myers T, Euodia I, Vlatten D, Castonguay M, Zhou J, Kelly M, Lehmann C. Selective CB 2 Receptor Agonist, HU-308, Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Endotoxin Model of Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415857. [PMID: 36555499 PMCID: PMC9779896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis are risk factors contributing to mortality in patients with pneumonia. In ARDS, also termed acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary immune responses lead to excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine release and aberrant alveolar neutrophil infiltration. Systemic spread of cytokines is associated with systemic complications including sepsis, multi-organ failure, and death. Thus, dampening pro-inflammatory cytokine release is a viable strategy to improve outcome. Activation of cannabinoid type II receptor (CB2) has been shown to reduce cytokine release in various in vivo and in vitro studies. Herein, we investigated the effect of HU-308, a specific CB2 agonist, on systemic and pulmonary inflammation in a model of pneumonia-induced ALI. C57Bl/6 mice received intranasal endotoxin or saline, followed by intravenous HU-308, dexamethasone, or vehicle. ALI was scored by histology and plasma levels of select inflammatory mediators were assessed by Luminex assay. Intravital microscopy (IVM) was performed to assess leukocyte adhesion and capillary perfusion in intestinal and pulmonary microcirculation. HU-308 and dexamethasone attenuated LPS-induced cytokine release and intestinal microcirculatory impairment. HU-308 modestly reduced ALI score, while dexamethasone abolished it. These results suggest administration of HU-308 can reduce systemic inflammation without suppressing pulmonary immune response in pneumonia-induced ALI and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sufyan Faridi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Purvi Trivedi
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bithika Ray
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tanya Myers
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David Vlatten
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Mathieu Castonguay
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melanie Kelly
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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The development and validation of sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantitative bioanalysis of carmofur in mouse plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1212:123516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Yao E, Luo L, Lin C, Wen J, Li Y, Ren T, Chen Y, Huang J, Jin X. OEA alleviates apoptosis in diabetic rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through activation of TRPV1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:964475. [PMID: 36452230 PMCID: PMC9701823 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.964475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion therapy after myocardial infarction may lead to myocardial injury, which can be complicated and exacerbated by diabetes. The existing therapeutic methods for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in diabetic patients are not ideal. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been found to have protective effects on diabetes and acute cerebral ischemia. This study aimed to determine whether OEA can alleviate MIRI in diabetic rats, and to explore the underlying mechanism. The model of diabetic rats with MIRI was established by blocking the left coronary artery for 30 min, followed by restoring blood flow stability for 120 min. The myocardial enzyme spectrum, area of MIRI, and expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected. The results showed that OEA pretreatment could reduce myocardial infarction area, protect myocardial tissue structure, and reduce myocardial cell apoptosis in diabetic rats with MIRI. Meanwhile, the levels of creatine kinase (CK)-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was elevated. H9C2 cells were treated with high glucose and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to establish an in vitro model. Capsazepine (CPZ), an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), and LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, were used to treat H9C2 cells in vitro. Apoptosis level and the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were measured. It was found that OEA activated TRPV1 and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, downregulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3), and ameliorated the apoptosis of H9C2 cells treated with high glucose and OGD/R. This study clarified that OEA, as a TRPV1 agonist, could reduce myocardial cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in diabetic rats with MIRI. The findings may provide a theoretical basis for administration of OEA as a potential therapeutic agent into diabetic patients with MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhui Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanglongfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tong Ren
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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14
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Peng F, Ren X, Du B, Yang Y. Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim 70% ethanol eluted fraction ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:458-469. [PMID: 36655082 PMCID: PMC9834841 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim (PUM) is a popular fruit among consumers, and also used as medical diet for dissolving phlegm and arresting cough. The present study aims to investigate the potential protective effect of P. ussuriensis Maxim 70% ethanol eluted fraction (PUM70) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced alveolar macrophages and acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. A total of 18 polyphenol compounds were tentatively identified in PUM70 by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. The results in vivo suggested that PUM70 treatment could effectively alleviate the histological changes, and significantly inhibit the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)). The cell test results show that PUM70 exerted its protective effect by suppressing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels (inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and decreasing nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin 2 (PGE2) contents. In addition, it also inhibited the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Furthermore, PUM70 induced the production of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), indicating that PUM70 could mitigate oxidative injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, PUM70 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation by blocking the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The above results indicate that PUM70 has protective effects on LPS-induced ALI, possibly be related to the inhibition of MAPK and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural ProductsHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut IndustryHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Xin Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural ProductsHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Bin Du
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural ProductsHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut IndustryHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural ProductsHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut IndustryHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdaoChina
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15
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Islam MM, Mirza SP. Versatile use of Carmofur: A comprehensive review of its chemistry and pharmacology. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1505-1518. [PMID: 36031762 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carmofur, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) is an antineoplastic drug, which has been in clinics in Japan since 1981 for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Subsequently, it was also introduced in China, Korea, and Finland. Besides colorectal cancer, it has also shown antitumor activity in other cancers such as breast, head and neck, pancreatic, gastrointestinal, and solid brain tumors. A prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), carmofur has shown better gastrointestinal stability and superior antiproliferative activity compared to its active counterpart 5-FU. Recently, carmofur has gained attention as an acid ceramidase inhibitor and as a potential lead compound against several noncancerous diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019, Krabbe disease, acute lung injury, Parkinson's disease, dementia, childhood ependymoma etc. Carmofur has also been reported to have antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. Nevertheless, no comprehensive review is available on this drug. Herein, we summarized the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology of carmofur based on the literature published between January 1976 and March 2022 as identified from PubMed and Google Scholar search engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohiminul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shama P Mirza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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16
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Abohalaka R, Karaman Y, Recber T, Onder SC, Nemutlu E, Bozkurt TE. Endocannabinoid metabolism inhibition ameliorates ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in Guinea pigs. Life Sci 2022; 306:120808. [PMID: 35843343 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endocannabinoids are biologically active cannabinoid-related substances endogenously synthesized in many mammalian tissues. Mainly two enzymes carry out their degradation; Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL). Endocannabinoids are shown to affect the modulation of inflammatory processes and airway responsiveness. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FAAH and MAGL inhibitor treatments in experimental allergic airway inflammation in guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guinea pigs were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin to induce an allergic asthma model. Then, the effects of FAAH inhibitor URB597, MAGL inhibitor JZL184, and dual (FAAH/MAGL) inhibitor JZL195 on airway inflammation and hyperreactivity were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Ovalbumin challenge increased airway reactivity, IgE in serum, IL-4, and IL-13, and the percentage of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In addition, inhibition of FAAH or MAGL enzymes leads to an increase in endocannabinoid levels. The selective inhibition of the FAAH enzyme prevented inflammation indicators such as cytokine production and inflammatory cell infiltration but had a negligible effect on airway hyperreactivity. However, the inhibition of the MAGL enzyme or dual inhibition of both FAAH and MAGL enzymes tent to moderate both pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperreactivity. SIGNIFICANCE We have previously demonstrated that modulation of endocannabinoid levels in the airways by FAAH or MAGL inhibition can be useful in preventing acute lung inflammation. The results of the present study further suggest that FAAH and MAGL inhibitor treatment can also be a promising strategy for bronchial hyperreactivity and airway inflammation in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshed Abohalaka
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Karaman
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Recber
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevgen Celik Onder
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Emrah Bozkurt
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Peng F, Yin H, Du B, Niu K, Yang Y, Wang S. Anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from chestnut flowers in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and acute lung injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115086. [PMID: 35157952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chestnut flowers were one of the by-products during chestnut industrial processing. Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) flower is rich in flavonoids and has been used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases including respiratory disorders for a long history. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aims to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids from chestnut flower (FCF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells and stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC-ESI-MS/MS was applied to identify flavonoids from Chestnut flower. The ROS content in cells and lung tissue was measured by flow cytometry. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in cells and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed by photometry. Furthermore, the level of pro-inflammatory factors was analyzed by ELISA, and the expression of inflammatory gene mRNA by fluorescence quantitative PCR. H&E staining was used to evaluate the degree of lung tissue injury in mice. MPO activity was used to measure the degree of neutrophil infiltration. Total protein content was detected by BCA method. RESULTS A total of forty-nine flavonoids compounds were tentatively identified in FCF by mass spectrometry analysis. The results of cell experiment suggested that FCF could alleviate oxidative injury via increasing SOD activity and GSH content, as well as inhibiting the production of intracellular ROS and MDA. FCF exerted its protective effect by suppressing the expression of both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cycooxygenase 2 (COX-2) to inhibit the synthesis of pro-inflammatory factors and cytokines, including NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. Besides, FCF treatment could alleviate the thickening of alveolar wall and pulmonary congestion in LPS-treated ALI mice, and significantly inhibit the activity of myeloperoxidas (MPO) and the expression of cytokines in BALF. CONCLUSIONS FCF could ameliorate inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-treated inflammation, resulting in an overall improvement in both macroscopic and histological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Hongyang Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Bin Du
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Kui Niu
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Chestnut Industry Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hebei Chestnut Industry, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Active Components and Functions in Natural Products, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Shujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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18
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Qin Y, Xie J, Zheng R, Li Y, Wang H. Oleoylethanolamide as a New Therapeutic Strategy to Alleviate Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863322. [PMID: 35517792 PMCID: PMC9065409 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most common chemotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs. However, its clinical use is restricted by serious cardiotoxicity. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a structural congener of endocannabinoid anandamide, is the endogenous agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor α (PPARα) and transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), and involved in many physiological processes. The present study aimed to determine whether OEA treatment protects against DOX-induced cytotoxicity (DIC) and gain insights into the underlying mechanism that mediate these effects. Our data revealed that Oleoylethanolamide treatment improved the myocardial structure in DOX-challenged mice by attenuating cardiac oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. OEA also alleviated DOX-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis dysregulation in HL-1 cardiomyocyte. These effects were mediated by activation of TRPV1 and upregulation of PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway. Inhibition of TRPV1 and PI3K reversed the protective effects of OEA. Taken together, our data suggested that OEA protects against DIC through a TRPV1- mediated PI3K/ Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyu Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Ruihe Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China.,Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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19
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Zou L, Hong D, Li K, Jiang B. Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) inhibitor ARN-3236 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:140. [PMID: 35410283 PMCID: PMC9004037 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease with complex pathogenesis and limited effective therapies. Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is a kinase that phosphorylates CRTCs and regulates many physiological processes. However, the role of SIK2 on pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, and whether SIK2 inhibitor can attenuate pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. Method We subjected human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLs) to transforming growth factor-β1 (5 ng/mL) for 12 h, and examined the expression of SIK2, CRTCs and pCRTCs in fibroblasts by western-blot. To address the roles of SIK2 and CRTCs involved in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, HFLs were treated with a small-molecule inhibitor ARN-3236 or by siRNA-mediated knockdown of SIK2 expression. Pulmonary fibrosis model was established with mice by exposing to bleomycin, and assessed by H&E and Masson’s trichrome staining. COL1A and α-SMA distributions were detected in lung tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Results We discovered that SIK2 and phosphorylated-CRTC2 were expressed at a low basal level in normal lung tissues and quiescent fibroblasts, but increased in fibrotic lung tissues and activated fibroblasts. Inhibition of SIK2 by ARN-3236 prevented the fibroblasts differentiation and extracellular matrix expression in HFLs and attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, inactivation of SIK2 resulted in the dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of CRTC2. Within the nucleus, CRTC2 binds to CREB, promoting CREB-dependent anti-fibrotic actions. Conclusion In conclusion, our results elucidated a previously unexplored role of SIK2 in pulmonary fibrosis, and identified SIK2 as a new target for anti-fibrosis medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangneng Zou
- Department of General Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, 101 Min'an Road, Maxiang, Xiang'an, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Dequn Hong
- Department of Emergency, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, 101 Min'an Road, Maxiang, Xiang'an, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecong Li
- The Affiliated Second Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, 566 Shengguang Road, Ji'mei, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingyuan Jiang
- Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, 101 Min'an Road, Maxiang, Xiang'an, Xiamen, 361101, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Drug Repurposing: Escitalopram attenuates acute lung injury by inhibiting the SIK2/ HDAC4/ NF-κB signaling cascade. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibition Plays a Key Role in Counteracting Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052781. [PMID: 35269926 PMCID: PMC8910911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a group of lung illnesses characterized by severe inflammation, with no treatment. The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme is an integral membrane protein responsible for the hydrolysis of the main endocannabinoids, such as anandamide (AEA). In pre-clinical pain and inflammation models, increasing the endogenous levels of AEA and other bioactive fatty acid amides (FAAs) via genetic deletion or the pharmacological inhibition of FAAH produces many analgesic benefits in several different experimental models. To date, nobody has investigated the role of FAAH inhibition on an ALI mouse model. Mice were subjected to a carrageenan injection and treated orally 1 h after with the FAAH inhibitor URB878 dissolved in a vehicle consisting of 10% PEG-400, 10% Tween-80 and 80% saline at different doses: The inhibition of FAAH activity was able to counteract not only the CAR-induced histological alteration, but also the cascade of related inflammatory events. URB878 clears the way for further studies based on FAAH inhibition in acute lung pathologies.
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22
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Xie X, Li Y, Xu S, Zhou P, Yang L, Xu Y, Qiu Y, Yang Y, Li Y. Genetic Blockade of NAAA Cell-specifically Regulates Fatty Acid Ethanolamides (FAEs) Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:817603. [PMID: 35069223 PMCID: PMC8777083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.817603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs). However, the role of NAAA in FAEs metabolism and regulation of pain and inflammation remains mostly unknown. Here, we generated NAAA-deficient (NAAA-/-) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 technique, and found that deletion of NAAA increased PEA and AEA levels in bone marrow (BM) and macrophages, and elevated AEA levels in lungs. Unexpectedly, genetic blockade of NAAA caused moderately effective anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and poor analgesic effects in carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and sciatic nerve injury (SNI)-induced mechanical allodynia. These data contrasted with acute (single dose) or chronic NAAA inhibition by F96, which produced marked anti-inflammation and analgesia in these models. BM chimera experiments indicated that these phenotypes were associated with the absence of NAAA in non-BM cells, whereas deletion of NAAA in BM or BM-derived cells in rodent models resulted in potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. When combined, current study suggested that genetic blockade of NAAA regulated FAEs metabolism and inflammatory responses in a cell-specifical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yitian Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Sennan Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Fujian Province University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Yungang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China.,Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, China
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23
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Huang D, Shen J, Zhai L, Chen H, Fei J, Zhu X, Zhou J. Insights Into the Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of NAAA in Pan-Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:812713. [PMID: 35069601 PMCID: PMC8772335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.812713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase and plays a vital physiological role in inflammatory response. However, the roles of NAAA in tumor immunity are still unclear. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we study combined data from different databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genotype Tissue-Expression, cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas, TIMER, and ImmuCellAI to investigate the role of NAAA expression in prognosis and tumor immunity response. We would like to reveal the potential correlations between NAAA expression and gene alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methylation, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration levels, and various immune-related genes across different cancers. The results show that NAAA displayed abnormal expression within most malignant tumors, and overexpression of NAAA was associated with the poor prognosis of tumor patients. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that NAAA was significantly associated with cell cycle and immune regulation-related signaling pathways, such as in innate immune system, adaptive immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways (TLRs). Further, the expression of NAAA was also confirmed to be correlated with tumor microenvironment and diverse infiltration of immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). In addition to this, we found that NAAA is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine, and chemokine receptors. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that NAAA expression was correlated with TMB in 4 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. Our study reveals that NAAA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity, which may be used to function as a prognostic biomarker and potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Fei
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Li Y, Zhou P, Hu T, Ren J, Xu Y, Qiu Y, Lu C, Li Y. NAAA inhibitor F96 attenuates BBB disruption and secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174561. [PMID: 34655598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death worldwide, for which there is currently no comprehensive treatment available. Preventing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is crucial for TBI treatment. N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA)-regulated palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) signaling play an important role in the control of inflammation. However, the role of NAAA in BBB dysfunction following TBI remains unclear. In the present study, we found that TBI induces the increase of PEA levels in the injured cortex, which prevent the disruption of BBB after TBI. TBI also induces the infiltration of NAAA-contained neutrophils, increasing the contribution of NAAA to the PEA degradation. Neutrophil-derived NAAA weakens PEA/PPARα-mediated BBB protective effects after TBI, facilitates the accumulation of immune cells, leading to secondary expansion of tissue injury. Inactivation of NAAA increased PEA levels in injured site, prevents early BBB damage and improves secondary injury, thereby eliciting long-term functional improvements after TBI. This study identified a new role of NAAA in TBI, suggesting that NAAA is a new important target for BBB dysfunction related CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, And Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, And Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Ting Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, And Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China; Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Canzhong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, And Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, And Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, China.
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25
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Li H, Li X, Yang B, Su J, Cai S, Huang J, Hu T, Chen L, Xu Y, Li Y. The retinoid X receptor α modulator K-80003 suppresses inflammatory and catabolic responses in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16956. [PMID: 34417523 PMCID: PMC8379249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a most common and highly prevalent joint disease, is closely associated with dysregulated expression and modification of RXRα. However, the role of RXRα in the pathophysiology of OA remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether RXRα modulator, such as K-80003 can treat OA. Experimental OA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the knee joint of rats. Articular cartilage degeneration was assessed using Safranin-O and fast green staining. Synovial inflammation was measured using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ERα in joints were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot, RT-PCR and co-Immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were used to assess the effects of K-80003 on RXRα-ERα interaction. Retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) modulator K-80003 prevented the degeneration of articular cartilage, reduced synovial inflammation, and alleviated osteoarthritic pain in rats. Furthermore, K-80003 markedly inhibited IL-1β-induced p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation, and down-regulate the expression of HIF-2α, proteinases (MMP9, MMP13, ADAMTS-4) and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNFα) in primary chondrocytes. Additionally, knockdown of ERα with siRNA blocked these effects of K-80003 in chondrocytes. In conclusion, RXRα modulators K-80003 suppresses inflammatory and catabolic responses in OA, suggesting that targeting RXRα-ERα interaction by RXRα modulators might be a novel therapeutic approach for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- The Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory On Hematology, Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- The Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Junnan Su
- The Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaofang Cai
- The Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- The Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianfu Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Community Health Service Center of Qiaoying Street, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Community Health Service Center of Qiaoying Street, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research On the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, 361005, China.
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26
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Kong D, Xie B, Li Y, Xu Y. PEA prevented early BBB disruption after cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury through regulation of ROCK/MLC signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 566:164-169. [PMID: 34126347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) offers a strong protection against BBB disruption and neurological deficits after cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. To date, these BBB protective effects of PEA are mainly attributed to PPARα-mediated actions. However, whether PEA protects against BBB disruption through direct regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments remains unknown. Here, we identified PEA as a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK2) inhibitor (IC50 = 38.4 ± 4.8 μM). In vitro data suggested that PEA reduced the activation of ROCK/MLC signaling and stress fiber formation within microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and consequently attenuated early (0-4 h) EC barrier disruption. These actions of PEA could not be blocked by the PPARα antagonist GW6471. In summary, the present study described a previously unexplored role of PEA as a ROCK2 inhibitor, and propose a PPARα-independent mechanism for pharmacological effects of PEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Kong
- Emergency Medicine Department, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, China
| | - Baoying Xie
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, And Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, China; Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361002, China.
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27
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Sultan M, Alghetaa H, Mohammed A, Abdulla OA, Wisniewski PJ, Singh N, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M. The Endocannabinoid Anandamide Attenuates Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Downregulating miRNA that Target Inflammatory Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644281. [PMID: 33995054 PMCID: PMC8113864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as a type of respiratory failure that is caused by a variety of insults such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma and certain viral infections. In this study, we investigated the effect of an endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), on ARDS induced in the mouse by Staphylococcus Enterotoxin B (SEB). Administration of a single intranasal dose of SEB in mice and treated with exogenous AEA at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight led to the amelioration of ARDS in mice. Clinically, plethysmography results indicated that there was an improvement in lung function after AEA treatment accompanied by a decrease of inflammatory cell infiltrate. There was also a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and immune cells including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Vβ8+ T cells, and NK+ T cells in the lungs. Concurrently, an increase in anti-inflammatory phenotypes such as CD11b + Gr1+ Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs), CD4 + FOXP3 + Tregs, and CD4+IL10 + cells was observed in the lungs. Microarray data showed that AEA treatment in ARDS mice significantly altered numerous miRNA including downregulation of miRNA-23a-3p, which caused an upregulation of arginase (ARG1), which encodes for arginase, a marker for MDSCs, as well as TGF-β2, which induces Tregs. AEA also caused down-regulation of miRNA-34a-5p which led to induction of FoxP3, a master regulator of Tregs. Transfection of T cells using miRNA-23a-3p or miRNA-34a-5p mimics and inhibitors confirmed that these miRNAs targeted ARG1, TGFβ2 and FoxP3. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study suggests that endocannabinoids such as AEA can attenuate ARDS induced by SEB by suppressing inflammation through down-regulation of key miRNA that regulate immunosuppressive pathways involving the induction of MDSCs and Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hasan Alghetaa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amirah Mohammed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Osama A Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Paul J Wisniewski
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of SC, Columbia, SC, United States
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28
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Srikanth MP, Jones JW, Kane M, Awad O, Park TS, Zambidis ET, Feldman RA. Elevated glucosylsphingosine in Gaucher disease induced pluripotent stem cell neurons deregulates lysosomal compartment through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1081-1094. [PMID: 33656802 PMCID: PMC8235124 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes lysosomal β‐glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Mild mutations in GBA1 cause type 1 non‐neuronopathic GD, whereas severe mutations cause types 2 and 3 neuronopathic GD (nGD). GCase deficiency results in the accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). GlcSph is formed by deacylation of GlcCer by the lysosomal enzyme acid ceramidase. Brains from patients with nGD have high levels of GlcSph, a lipid believed to play an important role in nGD, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To identify these mechanisms, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons from nGD patients. We found that elevated levels of GlcSph activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), interfering with lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, which were restored by incubation of nGD neurons with mTOR inhibitors. We also found that inhibition of acid ceramidase prevented both, mTOR hyperactivity and lysosomal dysfunction, suggesting that these alterations were caused by GlcSph accumulation in the mutant neurons. To directly determine whether GlcSph can cause mTOR hyperactivation, we incubated wild‐type neurons with exogenous GlcSph. Remarkably, GlcSph treatment recapitulated the mTOR hyperactivation and lysosomal abnormalities in mutant neurons, which were prevented by coincubation of GlcSph with mTOR inhibitors. We conclude that elevated GlcSph activates an mTORC1‐dependent pathogenic mechanism that is responsible for the lysosomal abnormalities of nGD neurons. We also identify acid ceramidase as essential to the pathogenesis of nGD, providing a new therapeutic target for treating GBA1‐associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa P Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ola Awad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tea Soon Park
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elias T Zambidis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Romano A, Friuli M, Del Coco L, Longo S, Vergara D, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Cicalini I, Fanizzi FP, Gaetani S, Giudetti AM. Chronic Oleoylethanolamide Treatment Decreases Hepatic Triacylglycerol Level in Rat Liver by a PPARγ/SREBP-Mediated Suppression of Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:394. [PMID: 33513874 PMCID: PMC7910994 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a naturally occurring bioactive lipid belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamides. A variety of beneficial effects have been attributed to OEA, although the greater interest is due to its potential role in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, and eating-related disorders. To better clarify the mechanism of the antiadipogenic effect of OEA in the liver, using a lipidomic study performed by 1H-NMR, LC-MS/MS and thin-layer chromatography analyses we evaluated the whole lipid composition of rat liver, following a two-week daily treatment of OEA (10 mg kg-1 i.p.). We found that OEA induced a significant reduction in hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) content and significant changes in sphingolipid composition and ceramidase activity. We associated the antiadipogenic effect of OEA to decreased activity and expression of key enzymes involved in fatty acid and TAG syntheses, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1. Moreover, we found that both SREBP-1 and PPARγ protein expression were significantly reduced in the liver of OEA-treated rats. Our findings add significant and important insights into the molecular mechanism of OEA on hepatic adipogenesis, and suggest a possible link between the OEA-induced changes in sphingolipid metabolism and suppression of hepatic TAG level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.B.); (S.V.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (M.F.); (S.G.)
| | - Anna M. Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.L.); (D.V.)
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30
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Lago-Fernandez A, Zarzo-Arias S, Jagerovic N, Morales P. Relevance of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Multitarget Paradigm Associated with the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1001. [PMID: 33498245 PMCID: PMC7863932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids have shown to exert their therapeutic actions through a variety of targets. These include not only the canonical cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R but also related orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, metabolic enzymes, and nuclear receptors. In this review, we aim to summarize reported compounds exhibiting their therapeutic effects upon the modulation of CB1R and/or CB2R and the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Concomitant actions at CBRs and PPARα or PPARγ subtypes have shown to mediate antiobesity, analgesic, antitumoral, or neuroprotective properties of a variety of phytogenic, endogenous, and synthetic cannabinoids. The relevance of this multitargeting mechanism of action has been analyzed in the context of diverse pathologies. Synergistic effects triggered by combinatorial treatment with ligands that modulate the aforementioned targets have also been considered. This literature overview provides structural and pharmacological insights for the further development of dual cannabinoids for specific disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
| | - Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish Research Council, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-F.); (S.Z.-A.)
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31
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Bolarin JA, Oluwatoyosi MA, Orege JI, Ayeni EA, Ibrahim YA, Adeyemi SB, Tiamiyu BB, Gbadegesin LA, Akinyemi TO, Odoh CK, Umeobi HI, Adeoye ABE. Therapeutic drugs for SARS-CoV-2 treatment: Current state and perspective. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107228. [PMID: 33302035 PMCID: PMC7691844 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The disease caused by viral pneumonia called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2) declared by the World Health Organization is a global pandemic that the world has witnessed since the last Ebola epidemic, SARS and MERS viruses. Many chemical compounds with antiviral activity are currently undergoing clinical investigation in order to find treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. On-going drug-drug interaction examinations on new, existing, and repurposed antiviral drugs are yet to provide adequate safety, toxicological, and effective monitoring protocols. This review presents an overview of direct and indirect antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and immune-stimulants used in the management of SARS-CoV-2. It also seeks to outline the recent development of drugs with anti-coronavirus effects; their mono and combination therapy in managing the disease vis-à-vis their biological sources and chemistry. Co-administration of these drugs and their interactions were discussed to provide significant insight into how adequate monitoring of patients towards effective health management could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Adedeji Bolarin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mercy Adaramodu Oluwatoyosi
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Joshua Iseoluwa Orege
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Emmanuel Ayodeji Ayeni
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu PMB 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yusuf Ajibola Ibrahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Bashir Bolaji Tiamiyu
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanre Anthony Gbadegesin
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Toluwanimi Oluwadara Akinyemi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuks Kenneth Odoh
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Happiness Ijeoma Umeobi
- Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Adenike Bernice-Eloise Adeoye
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li Y, Zhao S, Xu S, Li Y, Wang C, Ren J, Li F, Hu X, Lin K, Qiu Y, Xiu Y. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) reduces postoperative adhesions after experimental strabismus surgery in rabbits by suppressing canonical and non-canonical TGFβ signaling through PPARα. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114398. [PMID: 33385371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative adhesions and scarring are the particular complication after strabismus surgery, for which there is currently no comprehensive treatment available. Preventing inflammation and fibrosis in the extraocular muscle are crucial for treatment of postoperative adhesions. In the present study, we found that administration of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) attenuated postoperative inflammation and fibroproliferation through activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), thus prevented scar formation. Inhibition of PEA degradation by N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitor F96 led to the same pharmacological results. PPARα activation suppressed both canonical and non-canonical TGFβ signaling. Mechanistically, we found that PPARα directly bound to TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), thus preventing its hyperphosphorylation and the activation of downstream p38 and JNK1/2 signaling. Taken together, current study suggested that PEA could be a novel therapeutic approach for postoperative adhesions after strabismus surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Li
- Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Sichen Zhao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Sennan Xu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaowei Wang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | | | - Yan Qiu
- Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Yanghui Xiu
- Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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33
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Cui W, Yang K, Yang H. Recent Progress in the Drug Development Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease as Treatment for COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:616341. [PMID: 33344509 PMCID: PMC7746807 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.616341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) rapidly turned into an unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This global healthcare emergency marked the third occurrence of a deadly coronavirus (CoV) into the human society after entering the new millennium, which overwhelmed the worldwide healthcare system and affected the global economy. However, therapeutic options for COVID-19 are still very limited. Developing drugs targeting vital proteins in viral life cycle is a feasible approach to overcome this dilemma. Main protease (Mpro) plays a dominant role in processing CoV-encoded polyproteins which mediate the assembly of replication-transcription machinery and is thus recognized as an ideal antiviral target. Here we summarize the recent progress in the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents against Mpro. Combining structural study, virtual screen, and experimental screen, numerous therapeutic candidates including repurposed drugs and ab initio designed compounds have been proposed. Such collaborative effort from the scientific community would accelerate the pace of developing efficacious treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cui
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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34
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Euphorbia cuneata Represses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice via its Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111620. [PMID: 33233453 PMCID: PMC7700453 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbia cuneata (EC; Euphorbiaceae), which widely grows in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is used traditionally to treat pain and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the protective anti-inflammatory effect of a standardized extract of EC against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and the possible underlying mechanism(s) of this pharmacologic activity. ALI was induced in male Balb/c mice using intraperitoneal injection of LPS. A standardized total methanol extract of EC or dexamethasone was administered 5 days prior to LPS challenge. Bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and lung samples were collected for analysis. The results demonstrated the protective anti-inflammatory effect of EC against LPS-induced ALI in mice. Standardized EC contained 2R-naringenin-7-O-β-glucoside (1), kaempferol-7-O-β-glucoside (2), cuneatannin (3), quercetin (4), and 2R-naringenin (5) in concentrations of 6.16, 4.80, 51.05, 13.20, and 50.00 mg/g of extract, respectively. EC showed a protective effect against LPS-induced pulmonary damage. EC reduced lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and total protein content in BALF, indicating attenuation of the pulmonary edema. Total and differential cell counts were decreased in EC-treated animals. Histopathological examination confirmed the protective effect of EC, as indicated by an amelioration of LPS-induced lesions in lung tissue. EC also showed a potent anti-oxidative property as it decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the antioxidants in lung tissue. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of EC was obvious through its ability to suppress the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and hence its reduction of the levels of downstream inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the protective effects of EC against LPS-induced lung injury in mice, which may be due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Yang L, Ji C, Li Y, Hu F, Zhang F, Zhang H, Li L, Ren J, Wang Z, Qiu Y. Natural Potent NAAA Inhibitor Atractylodin Counteracts LPS-Induced Microglial Activation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:577319. [PMID: 33117168 PMCID: PMC7565389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.577319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal enzyme that inhibits the degradation of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous lipid that induces analgesic, anti-inflammation, and anti-multiple sclerosis through PPARα activation. Only a few potent NAAA inhibitors have been reported to date, which is mainly due to the restricted substrate-binding site of NAAA. Here, we established a high-throughput fluorescence-based assay for NAAA inhibitor screening. Several new classes of NAAA inhibitors were discovered from a small library of natural products. One of these is atractylodin, a polyethylene alkyne compound from the root of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC., which significantly inhibits NAAA activity and has an IC50 of 2.81 µM. Kinetic analyses and dialysis assays suggested that atractylodin engages in competitive inhibition via reversible reaction to the enzyme. Docking assays revealed that atractylodin occupies the catalytic cavity of NAAA, where the atractylodin furan head group has a hydrophobic-related interaction with the backbone of the Trp181 and Leu152 residues of human NAAA. Further investigation indicated that atractylodin significantly increases PEA and OEA levels and dose-dependently inhibits LPS-induced nitrate, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine release in BV-2 microglia. Our results show that atractylodin elevates cellular PEA levels and inhibits microglial activation by inhibiting NAAA activity, which in turn could contribute to NAAA functional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhe Yang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yitian Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Center for High Performance Computing, Joint Engineering Research Center for Health Big Data Intelligent Analysis Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Piomelli D, Scalvini L, Fotio Y, Lodola A, Spadoni G, Tarzia G, Mor M. N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA): Structure, Function, and Inhibition. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7475-7490. [PMID: 32191459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase primarily found in the endosomal-lysosomal compartment of innate and adaptive immune cells. NAAA catalyzes the hydrolytic deactivation of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a lipid-derived peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist that exerts profound anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. Emerging evidence points to NAAA-regulated PEA signaling at PPAR-α as a critical control point for the induction and the resolution of inflammation and to NAAA itself as a target for anti-inflammatory medicines. The present Perspective discusses three key aspects of this hypothesis: the role of NAAA in controlling the signaling activity of PEA; the structural bases for NAAA function and inhibition by covalent and noncovalent agents; and finally, the potential value of NAAA-targeting drugs in the treatment of human inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4625, United States
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gilberto Spadoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, I-61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, I- 43124 Parma, Italy
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Xu W, Zheng X, Yi X, Huang L, Wang Y, Wu K. Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs) Exert Immunosuppressive Effects in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Producing Complement C3. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1497-1505. [PMID: 32110047 PMCID: PMC7035898 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the important players in liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. They also act as critical mediators of immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we hypothesized that HSCs promote HCC progression via C3. Methods C3 in HSCs was knocked down using a shRNA retroviral plasmid. The conditioned medium from HSCs or shC3 HSCs (knockdown of C3 by shRNA in HSCs) was collected to detect their effects on bone marrow (BM) and T cells (including expansion and apoptosis) in vitro, and in an HCC in situ model in mice. Results We found that HSCs promoted T-cell apoptosis and decreased their proliferation, inhibited dendritic cell (DC) maturation, and induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) expansion through the C3 pathway in vitro. In addition, the knockdown of C3 suppressed HSC-promoted HCC development in the orthotopic transplantation tumor model of HCC in mice. Conclusion These findings provide more insights into the immunomodulatory roles of HSCs in HCC progression and indicate that modulation of the C3 pathway might be a novel therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Department of Physiology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangni Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People's Republic of China
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Cui W, Yang K, Yang H. Recent Progress in the Drug Development Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease as Treatment for COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2020. [PMID: 33344509 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.616341/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2) rapidly turned into an unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This global healthcare emergency marked the third occurrence of a deadly coronavirus (CoV) into the human society after entering the new millennium, which overwhelmed the worldwide healthcare system and affected the global economy. However, therapeutic options for COVID-19 are still very limited. Developing drugs targeting vital proteins in viral life cycle is a feasible approach to overcome this dilemma. Main protease (Mpro) plays a dominant role in processing CoV-encoded polyproteins which mediate the assembly of replication-transcription machinery and is thus recognized as an ideal antiviral target. Here we summarize the recent progress in the discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents against Mpro. Combining structural study, virtual screen, and experimental screen, numerous therapeutic candidates including repurposed drugs and ab initio designed compounds have been proposed. Such collaborative effort from the scientific community would accelerate the pace of developing efficacious treatment for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cui
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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Malamas MS, Farah SI, Lamani M, Pelekoudas DN, Perry NT, Rajarshi G, Miyabe CY, Chandrashekhar H, West J, Pavlopoulos S, Makriyannis A. Design and synthesis of cyanamides as potent and selective N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115195. [PMID: 31761726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibition represents an exciting novel approach to treat inflammation and pain. NAAA is a cysteine amidase which preferentially hydrolyzes the endogenous biolipids palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). PEA is an endogenous agonist of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), which is a key regulator of inflammation and pain. Thus, blocking the degradation of PEA with NAAA inhibitors results in augmentation of the PEA/PPAR-α signaling pathway and regulation of inflammatory and pain processes. We have prepared a new series of NAAA inhibitors exploring the azetidine-nitrile (cyanamide) pharmacophore that led to the discovery of highly potent and selective compounds. Key analogs demonstrated single-digit nanomolar potency for hNAAA and showed >100-fold selectivity against serine hydrolases FAAH, MGL and ABHD6, and cysteine protease cathepsin K. Additionally, we have identified potent and selective dual NAAA-FAAH inhibitors to investigate a potential synergism between two distinct anti-inflammatory molecular pathways, the PEA/PPAR-α anti-inflammatory signaling pathway,1-4 and the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 pathways which are known for their antiinflammatory and antinociceptive properties.5-8 Our ligand design strategy followed a traditional structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach and was supported by molecular modeling studies of reported X-ray structures of hNAAA. Several inhibitors were evaluated in stability assays and demonstrated very good plasma stability (t1/2 > 2 h; human and rodents). The disclosed cyanamides represent promising new pharmacological tools to investigate the potential role of NAAA inhibitors and dual NAAA-FAAH inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Shrouq I Farah
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Manjunath Lamani
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Dimitrios N Pelekoudas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Nicholas Thomas Perry
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Girija Rajarshi
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christina Yume Miyabe
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Honrao Chandrashekhar
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jay West
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Spiro Pavlopoulos
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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