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Merenstein DJ, Tancredi DJ, Karl JP, Krist AH, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Reid G, Roos S, Szajewska H, Sanders ME. Is there evidence to support probiotic use for healthy people? Adv Nutr 2024:100265. [PMID: 38977065 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are typically marketed as foods and dietary supplements, categories for products intended to maintain health in generally healthy populations and which, unlike drugs, cannot claim to treat or cure disease. This review addresses the existing evidence that probiotics are beneficial to healthy people. Our approach was to perform a descriptive review of efficacy evidence that probiotics can prevent urinary, vaginal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections, and improve risk factors associated with cardiovascular health or reduce antibiotic use. Other endpoints such as mental, dental or immune health were not specifically addressed. We concluded that there is sufficient evidence of efficacy and safety for clinicians and consumers to consider using specific probiotics for some indications - such as use probiotics to support gut function during antibiotic use - for certain people. However, we did not find a high level of evidence to support recommendations for other endpoints we reviewed for healthy people. Although evidence for some indications is suggestive of preventive benefits of probiotics, additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Merenstein
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
| | - Alex H Krist
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University.
| | - Irene Lenoir-Wijnkoop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregor Reid
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Surgery, Western University, Canada.
| | - Stefan Roos
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, The Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Hania Szajewska
- The Medical University of Warsaw, Department of Paediatrics, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, 7119 S. Glencoe Ct., Centennial CO, 80122 USA.
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2
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Spacova I, Binda S, ter Haar JA, Henoud S, Legrain-Raspaud S, Dekker J, Espadaler-Mazo J, Langella P, Martín R, Pane M, Ouwehand AC. Comparing technology and regulatory landscape of probiotics as food, dietary supplements and live biotherapeutics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1272754. [PMID: 38188575 PMCID: PMC10770255 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Application of beneficial microorganisms as probiotics targets a broad range of intended uses, from maintaining health and supporting normal bodily functions to curing and preventing diseases. Currently, three main regulatory fields of probiotic products can be defined depending on their intended use: the more similar probiotic foods and probiotic dietary supplements, and live biotherapeutic products. However, it is not always straightforward to classify a probiotic product into one of these categories. The regulatory nuances of developing, manufacturing, investigating and applying each category of probiotic products are not universal, and not always apparent to those unfamiliar with the various global probiotic regulatory guidelines. Various global markets can be significantly different regarding legislation, possible claims, market value and quality requirements for the development and commercialization of probiotic products. Furthermore, different probiotic product categories are also linked with variable costs at different stages of product development. This review outlines the current landscape comparing probiotic foods, probiotic dietary supplements, and live biotherapeutics as probiotic products from a regulatory lens, focusing on product development, manufacturing and production, and clinical research agenda. The aim is to inform and promote a better understanding among stakeholders by outlining the expectations and performance for each probiotic product category, depending on their intended use and targeted geographical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Binda
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Solange Henoud
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - James Dekker
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre Co., Ltd., Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rebeca Martín
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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3
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Pantazi AC, Kassim MAK, Nori W, Tuta LA, Mihai CM, Chisnoiu T, Balasa AL, Mihai L, Lupu A, Frecus CE, Lupu VV, Chirila SI, Badescu AG, Hangan LT, Cambrea SC. Clinical Perspectives of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease: Where Do We Stand? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2480. [PMID: 37760920 PMCID: PMC10525496 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in human health, with increasing evidence linking its imbalance to chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Although the exact methods underlying kidney-GM crosstalk are not fully understood, interventions targeting GM were made and lay in three aspects: diagnostic, predictive, and therapeutic interventions. While these interventions show promising results in reducing uremic toxins and inflammation, challenges remain in the form of patient-specific GM variability, potential side effects, and safety concerns. Our understanding of GMs role in kidney disease is still evolving, necessitating further research to elucidate the causal relationship and mechanistic interactions. Personalized interventions focusing on specific GM signatures could enhance patient outcomes. However, comprehensive clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches' safety, efficacy, and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wassan Nori
- College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Liliana Ana Tuta
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Adriana Luminita Balasa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Larisia Mihai
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Corina Elena Frecus
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
- Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Ioachim Chirila
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
| | | | - Laurentiu-Tony Hangan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
| | - Simona Claudia Cambrea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania (L.A.T.)
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4
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Valdebenito-Navarrete H, Fuentes-Barrera V, Smith CT, Salas-Burgos A, Zuniga FA, Gomez LA, García-Cancino A. Can Probiotics, Particularly Limosilactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus UCO-25A, Be Preventive Alternatives against SARS-CoV-2? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030384. [PMID: 36979076 PMCID: PMC10045641 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an infection produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans, has rapidly spread to become a high-mortality pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus characterized by infecting epithelial cells of the intestine and lungs, binding to the ACE2 receptor present on epithelial cells. COVID-19 treatment is based on antivirals and antibiotics against symptomatology in addition to a successful preventive strategy based on vaccination. At this point, several variants of the virus have emerged, altering the effectiveness of treatments and thereby attracting attention to several alternative therapies, including immunobiotics, to cope with the problem. This review, based on articles, patents, and an in silico analysis, aims to address our present knowledge of the COVID-19 disease, its symptomatology, and the possible beneficial effects for patients if probiotics with the characteristics of immunobiotics are used to confront this disease. Moreover, two probiotic strains, L. fermentum UCO-979C and L. rhamnosus UCO-25A, with different effects demonstrated at our laboratory, are emphasized. The point of view of this review highlights the possible benefits of probiotics, particularly those associated with immunomodulation as well as the production of secondary metabolites, and their potential targets during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Valdebenito-Navarrete
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Victor Fuentes-Barrera
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Alexis Salas-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Zuniga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Leonardo A. Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-2204144; Fax: +56-41-2245975
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5
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Madempudi RS, Neelamraju J, Ahire JJ, Muthukumar M, Rudrappa S, Gopal G, Nagendra K. Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 in the symptom management of upper respiratory tract infections in children: a double blind, placebo-controlled randomised study. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:331-340. [PMID: 36004716 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In children, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are one of the most common causes of infections which often require outpatient consultations with the doctor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic Bacillus clausii UBBC-07 on symptom management of URTIs in children. In this double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study, 90 children (age 4-7 years) with URTIs were equally divided into two groups, the probiotic and placebo. The children were instructed to take B. clausii UBBC-07 spores (2×109 per 5 ml vial) or placebo suspension daily twice for three months. The total duration of the study was 6 months, 3 months treatment and 3 months follow-up period. The parameters assessed were the mean number of URTIs, duration and severity of URTIs, absenteeism from school/childcare and immunity parameters, such as immunoglobulin (Ig)M, IgG, IgE and salivary IgA levels. At the end of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the number, duration and severity of URTIs in the probiotic treated group as compared to the baseline and placebo. IgE levels were significantly decreased and salivary IgA levels were significantly increased in the probiotic treated group suggesting probiotic mediated Th1/Th2 immune homeostasis to alleviate URTIs in children. In conclusion, B. clausii UBBC-07 may help in the reduction of symptoms of URTIs. The trial was registered prospectively with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI Reg. No: CTRI/2018/08/015282).
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Madempudi
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Plot No. 2, Phase-II, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - J Neelamraju
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Plot No. 2, Phase-II, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - J J Ahire
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Plot No. 2, Phase-II, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - M Muthukumar
- Centre for Research & Development, Unique Biotech Ltd., Plot No. 2, Phase-II, Alexandria Knowledge Park, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - S Rudrappa
- Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore, Irwin Road, Mysuru 570001, Karnataka, India
| | - G Gopal
- Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore, Irwin Road, Mysuru 570001, Karnataka, India
| | - K Nagendra
- Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore, Irwin Road, Mysuru 570001, Karnataka, India
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6
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Guo H, Xiang X, Lin X, Wang Q, Qin S, Lu X, Xu J, Fang Y, Liu Y, Cui J, Li Z. Oropharyngeal Probiotic ENT-K12 as an Effective Dietary Intervention for Children With Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections During Cold Season. Front Nutr 2022; 9:900448. [PMID: 35634421 PMCID: PMC9132010 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.900448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTi) cause a high burden of disease and lead to negative impact on quality of life, frequent school/work absenteeism, and doctor visits, which remain a great challenge to pediatricians because RRTi can increase the risk of various complications including antibiotic overuse and resistance, which is one of the biggest threats to global health, and there is no confirmed effective treatment. In this study, we aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of oropharyngeal probiotic ENT-K12 as a dietary intervention or a complementary treatment along with standard medical treatment during acute respiratory infections among children with RRTi during cold season. The results of this study show that when comparing to practicing of standard medical treatment only, the complementary intake of oropharyngeal probiotic ENT-K12 can effectively reduce episodes of both acute and RRTi in school children, shorten the course of respiratory symptoms onset, reduce the use of antibiotics and antiviral drugs, and reduce the absence days from both children's school and parents' work. Using oropharyngeal probiotics as a complementary dietary intervention to stabilize oropharyngeal microflora, specifically inhibiting respiratory pathogens and enhancing host immunity, could possibly be a promising approach to reduce RRTi burden and combating antibiotic resistance in long term, more clinical studies will be needed to further confirm the clinical practicing guide to ensure its clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Guo
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochen Xiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, CR & WISCO General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Si Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Effectiveness of Multistrain Probiotic Formulation on Common Infectious Disease Symptoms and Gut Microbiota Modulation in Flu-Vaccinated Healthy Elderly Subjects. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3860896. [PMID: 35127941 PMCID: PMC8814717 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3860896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The decline of the immune system with aging leads elderly people to be more susceptible to infections, posing high risk for their health. Vaccination is thus important to cope with this risk, even though not always effective. As a strategy to improve protection, adjuvants are used in concomitance with vaccines, however, occasionally producing important side effects. The use of probiotics has been proposed as an alternative to adjuvants due to their efficacy in reducing the risk of common infections through the interactions with the immune system and the gut microbiota. A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out on fifty elderly subjects, vaccinated for influenza, to determine the efficacy of a probiotic mixture in reducing common infection symptoms. The incidence of symptoms was evaluated after 28 days of probiotic intake (namely, T28) and after further 28 days of follow-up (namely, T56). The number of subjects, as well as the number of days with symptoms, was remarkably reduced at T28, and even more at T56 in the probiotic group. Furthermore, the influence of probiotics on immunological parameters was investigated, showing a significant positive improvement of total antioxidant capacity and β-defensin2 levels. Finally, faecal samples collected from participants were used to assess variations in the gut microbiota composition during the study, showing that probiotic intake enhanced the presence of genera related to a healthy status. Therefore, the collected results suggested that the treatment with the selected probiotic mixture could help in reducing common infectious disease symptom incidence through the stimulation of the immune system, improving vaccine efficacy, and modulating the composition of the resident gut microbiota by enhancing beneficial genera.
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Picó-Monllor JA, Ruzafa-Costas B, Núñez-Delegido E, Sánchez-Pellicer P, Peris-Berraco J, Navarro-Lopez V. Selection of Probiotics in the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and Their Impact on Occupational Health: Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124419. [PMID: 34959970 PMCID: PMC8705755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The occupational health impact of respiratory infectious diseases is costly to the economy and the health care system. Probiotics are non-pathogenic live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, can colonize the intestinal tract, and enhance the immune system. In recent years, numerous studies have described the possible usefulness of certain probiotic strains in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections, with disparate results. In order to assess the possible efficacy and safety of these microorganisms to prevent or ameliorate respiratory tract infections, we systematically searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, The Cochrane library, Scopus, and Web of science, using the descriptors “Respiratory Tract Infections”, “Probiotics”, “Occupational Health”, “Humans”, and “Clinical Trials”. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were accepted for review and critical analysis. Our analysis suggests that a combination of different probiotics, most of them in the genus Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., could be a good mix to strengthen the immune system and reduce the symptoms of URTIs in the healthy working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Picó-Monllor
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Eva Núñez-Delegido
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Pellicer
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | | | - Vicente Navarro-Lopez
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Vinalopó, 03293 Elche, Spain
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9
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Khan AA, Singh H, Bilal M, Ashraf MT. Microbiota, probiotics and respiratory infections: the three musketeers can tip off potential management of COVID-19. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:10977-10993. [PMID: 34786037 PMCID: PMC8581851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid infectivity of SARS-CoV2 with recent viral variants is posing a challenge in the development of robust therapeutic strategies. On the other hand, microbiota is debated for its involvement in SARS-CoV2 infection with varied opinions. Although ample data about the role of microbiota and probiotics in respiratory viral infections are available, their role in COVID-19 is limited albeit emerging rapidly. The utilization of probiotics for the management of COVID-19 is still under investigation in many clinical trials. Existing information coupled with recent COVID-19 related studies can suggest various ways to use microbiota modulation and probiotics for managing this pandemic. Present article indicates the role of microbiota modulation and probiotics in respiratory infections. In addition, scattered evidence was gathered to understand the potential of microbiota and probiotics in the management of SARS-CoV2. Gut-airway microbiota connection is already apparent in respiratory tract viral infections, including SARS-CoV2. Though few clinical trials are evaluating microbiota and probiotics for COVID-19 management, the safety evaluation must be given more serious consideration because of the possibility of opportunistic infections among COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, the information about microbiota modulation using probiotics and prebiotics can be helpful to manage this outbreak and this review presents different aspects of this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Arif Khan
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research InstitutePune, Maharashtra 411026, India
| | - HariOm Singh
- Division of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research InstitutePune, Maharashtra 411026, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuaian 223003, China
| | - Mohd Tashfeen Ashraf
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha UniversityGautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida (UP), India
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10
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Garaiova I, Paduchová Z, Nagyová Z, Wang D, Michael DR, Plummer SF, Marchesi JR, Ďuračková Z, Muchová J. Probiotics with vitamin C for the prevention of upper respiratory tract symptoms in children aged 3-10 years: randomised controlled trial. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:431-440. [PMID: 34511049 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, healthy school children aged 3-10 years received a probiotic based supplement daily for 6 months to assess the impact on the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms. The intervention comprised Lab4 probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 and CUL60, Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CUL34) at 12.5 billion cfu/day plus 50 mg vitamin C or a matching placebo. 171 children were included in the analysis (85 in placebo and 86 in active group). Incidence of coughing was 16% (P=0.0300) significantly lower in the children receiving the active intervention compared to the placebo. No significant differences in the incidence rate of other URTI symptoms were observed. There was significantly lower risk of experiencing five different URTI related symptoms in one day favouring the active group (Risk ratio: 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.81, P=0.0163). Absenteeism from school and the use of antibiotics was also significantly reduced for those in the active group (-16%, P=0.0060 and -27%, P=0.0203, respectively). Our findings indicate that six months daily supplementation with the Lab4 probiotic and vitamin C combination reduces the incidence of coughing, absenteeism and antibiotic usage in 3 to 10 year old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Garaiova
- Research and Development Department, Cultech Ltd, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Paduchová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Z Nagyová
- JuvenaliaA Paediatric Centre, Veľkoblahovská 44/A, 929 01 Dunajská Streda, Slovakia
| | - D Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - D R Michael
- Research and Development Department, Cultech Ltd, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - S F Plummer
- Research and Development Department, Cultech Ltd, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, United Kingdom
| | - J R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.,Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, United Kingdom
| | - Z Ďuračková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Muchová
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Spacova I, De Boeck I, Bron PA, Delputte P, Lebeer S. Topical Microbial Therapeutics against Respiratory Viral Infections. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:538-553. [PMID: 33879402 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microbial therapeutics can prevent and treat respiratory viral diseases, especially when applied directly to the airways. This review presents established beneficial effects of locally administered microbial therapeutics against respiratory viral diseases and the inferred related molecular mechanisms. Several mechanisms established in the intestinal probiotics field as well as novel, niche-specific insights are relevant in the airways. Studies at cellular and organism levels highlight biologically plausible but strain-specific and host and virus context-dependent mechanisms, underlying the potential of beneficial bacteria. Large-scale clinical studies can now be rationally designed to provide a bench-to-bedside translation of the multifactorial bacterial mechanisms within the host respiratory tract, to diminish the incidence and severity of viral infections and the concomitant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilke De Boeck
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter A Bron
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium. @uantwerpen.be
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Harper A, Vijayakumar V, Ouwehand AC, ter Haar J, Obis D, Espadaler J, Binda S, Desiraju S, Day R. Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596166. [PMID: 33643929 PMCID: PMC7907522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections continue to cause considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. Recent rises in these infections are likely due to complex and multifactorial external drivers, including climate change, the increased mobility of people and goods and rapid demographic change to name but a few. In parallel with these external factors, we are gaining a better understanding of the internal factors associated with viral immunity. Increasingly the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome has been shown to be a significant player in the host immune system, acting as a key regulator of immunity and host defense mechanisms. An increasing body of evidence indicates that disruption of the homeostasis between the GI microbiome and the host immune system can adversely impact viral immunity. This review aims to shed light on our understanding of how host-microbiota interactions shape the immune system, including early life factors, antibiotic exposure, immunosenescence, diet and inflammatory diseases. We also discuss the evidence base for how host commensal organisms and microbiome therapeutics can impact the prevention and/or treatment of viral infections, such as viral gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV), viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), influenza and SARS CoV-2. The interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiome, invasive viruses and host physiology is complex and yet to be fully characterized, but increasingly the evidence shows that the microbiome can have an impact on viral disease outcomes. While the current evidence base is informative, further well designed human clinical trials will be needed to fully understand the array of immunological mechanisms underlying this intricate relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Harper
- ADM Health & Wellness, Medical Affairs Department, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Vineetha Vijayakumar
- ADM Health & Wellness, Medical Affairs Department, Somerset, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Vineetha Vijayakumar,
| | - Arthur C. Ouwehand
- Global Health and Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
| | | | - David Obis
- Innovation Science & Nutrition Department, Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Binda
- Lallemand Health Solutions, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Richard Day
- ADM Health & Wellness, Medical Affairs Department, Somerset, United Kingdom
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Aggregation, adherence, anti-adhesion and antagonistic activity properties relating to surface charge of probiotic Lactobacillus brevis gp104 against Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Morais AHA, Passos TS, Maciel BLL, da Silva-Maia JK. Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061737. [PMID: 32532069 PMCID: PMC7352643 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for this virus, it is emergingly urgent to find effective and validated methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection. In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection. This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus. This review discusses the relationship between intestinal purine metabolism and the use of Lactobacillus gasseri and low-purine diets, particularly in individuals with hyperuricemia, as adjuvant nutritional therapies to improve the immune system and weaken viral replication, assisting in the treatment of COVID-19. These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana H. A. Morais
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; (B.L.L.M.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-991061887
| | - Thais S. Passos
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Bruna L. L. Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; (B.L.L.M.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
| | - Juliana K. da Silva-Maia
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; (B.L.L.M.); (J.K.d.S.-M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil;
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Health service utilization following symptomatic respiratory tract infections and influencing factors among urban and rural residents in Anhui, China. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2019; 20:e150. [PMID: 31818340 PMCID: PMC7003528 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423619000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study seeks to identify healthcare utilization patterns following symptomatic respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and the variables that may influence these patterns. Background: RTIs are responsible for the bulk of the primary healthcare burden worldwide. Yet, the use of health services for RTIs displays great discrepancies between populations. This research examines the influence of social demographics, economic factors, and accessibility on healthcare utilization following RTIs. Methods: Structured interviews were administered by trained physicians at the households of informants selected by cluster randomization. Descriptive and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess healthcare utilization and associated independent variables. Findings: A total of 60 678 informants completed the interviews. Of the 2.9% informants exhibiting upper RTIs, 69.5–73.9% sought clinical care. Healthcare utilization rates for common cold, influenza, nine acute upper RTIs, and overall RTIs demonstrate statistically significant associations with the variables of age, type of residence, employment, medical insurance, annual food expenditure, distance to medical facilities, and others. The odds ratios for healthcare utilization rates varied substantially, ranging from 0.026 to 9.364. More than 69% of informants with RTIs sought clinical interventions. These findings signify a marked issue with the large amount of healthcare for self-limited RTIs.
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