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Fu J, Li D, Zhang L, Maghsoudloo M, Cheng J, Fu J. Comprehensive analysis, diagnosis, prognosis, and cordycepin (CD) regulations for GSDME expressions in pan-cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:279. [PMID: 39118110 PMCID: PMC11312966 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gasdermin E gene (GSDME) plays roles in deafness and cancers. However, the roles and mechanisms in cancers are complex, and the same gene exhibits different mechanisms and actions in different types of cancers. Online databases, such as GEPIA2, cBioPortal, and DNMIVD, were used to comprehensively analyze GSDME profiles, DNA methylations, mutations, diagnosis, and prognosis in patients with tumor tissues and matched healthy tissues. Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to monitor the regulation of GSDME by Cordycepin (CD) in cancer cell lines. We revealed that GSDME expression is significantly upregulated in eight cancers (ACC, DLBC, GBM, HNSC, LGG, PAAD, SKCM, and THYM) and significantly downregulated in seven cancers (COAD, KICH, LAML, OV, READ, UCES, and UCS). The overall survival was longer only in ACC, but shorter in four cancers, including COAD, KIRC, LIHC, and STAD, when GSDME was highly expressed in cancers compared with the corresponding normal tissues. Moreover, the high expression of GSDME was negatively correlated with the poor prognosis of ACC, while the low expression of GSDME was negatively correlated with the poor prognosis of COAD, suggesting that GSDME might serve as a good prognostic factor in these two cancer types. Accordingly, results indicated that the DNA methylations of those 7 CpG sites constitute a potentially effective signature to distinguish different tumors from adjacent healthy tissues. Gene mutations for GSDME were frequently observed in a variety of tumors, with UCES having the highest frequency. Moreover, CD treatment inhibited GSDME expression in different cancer cell lines, while overexpression of GSDME promoted cell migration and invasion. Thus, we have systematically and successfully clarified the GSDME expression profiles, diagnostic values, and prognostic values in pan-cancers. Targeting GSDME with CD implies therapeutic significance and a mechanism for antitumor roles in some types of cancers via increasing the sensitivity of chemotherapy. Altogether, our study may provide a strategy and biomarker for clinical diagnosis, prognostics, and treatment of cancers by targeting GSDME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, P R China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dabing Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, P R China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lianmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, P R China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mazaher Maghsoudloo
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, P R China.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, P R China.
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, P R China.
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Chen L, Wei W, Sun J, Sun B, Deng R. Cordycepin enhances anti-tumor immunity in breast cancer by enhanceing ALB expression. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29903. [PMID: 38720766 PMCID: PMC11076851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The treatment of breast cancer still faces great challenges, and it is necessary to continuously explore effective drugs and targets to promote immune precision medicine. This study aims to investigate the immune-related regulatory mechanism of cordycepin in breast cancer. Methods Network pharmacology was employed to discovery the action of cordyceps on breast cancer targets, molecular docking was employed to analyze the interaction pattern between core components and targets, and biological information analysis was used to explore the target-related immune mechanism and verified in vitro experiments. Results The results of this study indicate that cordycepin can effectively inhibit breast cancer. The roles of cordycepin's active component and its target gene ALB were elucidated through the combined use of network pharmacology and molecular docking. Bioinformatics analysis revealed convincing associations between ALB and many immune pathway marker genes. ALB was inhibited in tumor expression, and cordycepin was found to enhance the expression of ALB in vitro to play an anti-tumor role. Conclusion Cordycepin regulates immune suppression of tumor, which is expected to open a new chapter of breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Weihao Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Rong Deng
- The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
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Wang F, Fan J, An Y, Meng G, Ji B, Li Y, Dong C. Tracing the geographical origin of endangered fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis, especially from Nagqu, using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Food Chem 2024; 440:138247. [PMID: 38154283 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS), known as "soft gold", played an important role in local economic development. OS from different producing areas was difficult to be discriminated by the appearance. Nagqu OS, a distinguished and safeguarded geographical indication product, commands a premium price in market. The real claim of OS geographical origins is urgently required. Here, 81 OS samples were collected from Tibetan Plateau in China to explore markers for tracing origins. OS from Xigazê can be distinguished by dark color of head of caterpillar. Then 57 samples, a fully representative training-sample set, were used to set up OPLS-DA models by nontargeted metabolomics from UPLC-QTOF-MS. Certain markers were successfully identified and validation using 21 blind test samples confirmed that the markers can trace the geographical origin of OS, especially Nagqu samples. It was affirmed that UPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted metabolomics coupled with OPLS-DA was a reliable strategy to trace the geographical origins of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junfeng Fan
- Nagqu City Inspection and Testing Center, Nagqu City, Tibet Autonomous Region 852000, China
| | - Yabin An
- Nagqu City Inspection and Testing Center, Nagqu City, Tibet Autonomous Region 852000, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bingyu Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Xiong S, Jiang J, Wan F, Tan D, Zheng H, Xue H, Hang Y, Lu Y, Su Y. Cordyceps militaris Extract and Cordycepin Alleviate Oxidative Stress, Modulate Gut Microbiota and Ameliorate Intestinal Damage in LPS-Induced Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38671889 PMCID: PMC11047340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is considered a major bioactive component in Cordyceps militaris extract. This study was performed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) and cordycepin (CPN) supplementation on intestinal damage in LPS-challenged piglets. The results showed that CPN or CME supplementation significantly increased the villus height (p < 0.01) and villus height/crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05) in the jejunum and ileum of piglets with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation. Meanwhile, CPN or CME supplementation alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by reducing the levels of MDA (p < 0.05) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Additionally, supplementation with CPN or CME modulated the structure of the intestinal microbiota by enriching short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, and increased the level of butyrate (p < 0.05). The RNA-seq results demonstrated that CME or CPN altered the complement and coagulation-cascade-related genes (p < 0.05), including upregulating gene KLKB1 while downregulating the genes CFD, F2RL2, CFB, C4BPA, F7, C4BPB, CFH, C3 and PROS1, which regulate the complement activation involved in inflammatory and immune responses. Correlation analysis further demonstrated the potential relation between the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and butyrate in piglets. In conclusion, CPN or CME supplementation might inhibit LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating the intestinal microbiota and its metabolite butyrate in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (H.X.); (Y.H.)
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Institute of China Black Pig Industry Research, Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd., Haiyan 314317, China;
| | - Fan Wan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (H.X.); (Y.H.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Ding Tan
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haibo Zheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.T.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiqin Xue
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (H.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yiqiong Hang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (H.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (H.X.); (Y.H.)
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yong Su
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (D.T.); (H.Z.)
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Tao Y, Luo R, Xiang Y, Lei M, Peng X, Hu Y. Use of bailing capsules (cordyceps sinensis) in the treatment of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis and network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1342831. [PMID: 38645562 PMCID: PMC11026558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1342831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bailing Capsule is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its therapeutic effects and pharmacological mechanisms have not been fully explored. In this study, we integrated meta-analysis and network pharmacology to provide scientific evidence for the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of Bailing Capsule in treating CKD. We conducted searches for randomized controlled studies matching the topic in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and the Wanfang Database, and screened them according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dates from the included studies were extracted for meta-analysis, including renal function indicators, such as 24-h urinary protein (24UP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr), as well as inflammatory indicators like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Network pharmacology was employed to extract biological information, including active drug ingredients and potential targets of the drugs and diseases, for network construction and gene enrichment. Our findings indicated that 24UP, BUN, and Scr in the treatment group containing Bailing Capsule were lower than those in the control group. In terms of inflammatory indicators, hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α, the treatment group containing Bailing Capsule also exhibited lower levels than the control group. Based on network pharmacology analysis, we identified 190 common targets of Bailing Capsule and CKD. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses suggested that the pharmacological mechanism of Bailing Capsule might be related to immune response, inflammatory response, vascular endothelial damage, cell proliferation, and fibrosis. This demonstrates that Bailing Capsule can exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways, providing a theoretical basis for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Tao
- Department of Medicine Renal Division, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixiang Luo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbing Xiang
- Department of Medicine Renal Division, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Lei
- Department of Medicine Renal Division, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Medicine Renal Division, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Medicine Renal Division, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medicine Renal Division, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang Y, Tong L, Yang L, Ren B, Guo D. Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of natural Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its cultures using LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics: Comparison with Ophiocordyceps sinensis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:308-320. [PMID: 37779226 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophiocordyceps gracilis is an entomopathogenic fungus and a precious traditional Chinese medicine with similar medicinal properties to Ophiocordyceps sinensis. However, information on the metabolite profiles of natural O. gracilis and its cultures is lacking, which limits their utilization. OBJECTIVE The metabolic variations and antioxidant activities of O. gracilis cultures and natural O. gracilis were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of O. gracilis and its cultures. METHOD The metabolite profiles of O. gracilis cultures (fruiting bodies and aerial mycelia), natural O. gracilis, and natural O. sinensis were compared by LC-MS/MS coupled with multivariate data analysis. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on their DPPH• , ABTS•+ , and • OH scavenging abilities. RESULTS A total of 612 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic compositions of the four Cordyceps samples were similar, with differences observed in the levels of some metabolites. There were 126 differential metabolites between natural O. gracilis and natural O. sinensis, among which fatty acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites are predominant in natural O. gracilis. Furthermore, 116 differential metabolites between O. gracilis cultures and natural Cordyceps were identified, with generally higher levels in O. gracilis cultures than in natural Cordyceps. O. gracilis cultivated fruiting bodies exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity among Cordyceps samples. Additionally, 46 primary and 24 secondary differential metabolites contribute to antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION This study provides a reference for the application of natural O. gracilis and its cultures in functional food and medicine from the perspective of metabolites and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Liu SJ. Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:102-114. [PMID: 38494355 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the challenges in managing atherosclerosis, researchers continue to investigate new treatments and complementary therapies. Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicine that has recently gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cordyceps in treating atherosclerosis through various pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, lowering cholesterol, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and modulating apoptosis or autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, the current misuse of the terms cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps sinensis has caused confusion among researchers, and complicated the current academic research on cordyceps. This review focuses on the chemical composition, pharmacological actions, and underlying mechanisms contributing to the anti-atherosclerotic effects of cordyceps and the mycelium of Ophiocordyceps spp. This review provides a resource for the research on the development of new drugs for atherosclerosis from cordyceps. Please cite this article as: Zhang Y, Liu SJ. Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(2): 102-114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Marxism, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases with Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
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Lee YP, Yu CK, Wong TW, Chen LC, Huang BM. Cordycepin Inhibits Enterovirus A71 Replication and Protects Host Cell from Virus-Induced Cytotoxicity through Adenosine Action Pathway. Viruses 2024; 16:352. [PMID: 38543718 PMCID: PMC10974990 DOI: 10.3390/v16030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection typically causes mild illnesses, such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), but occasionally leads to severe or fatal neurological complications in infants and young children. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment available for EV-A71 infection. Thus, the development of an effective anti-EV-A71 drug is required urgently. Cordycepin, a major bioactive compound found in Cordyceps fungus, has been reported to possess antiviral activity. However, its specific activity against EV-A71 is unknown. In this study, the potency and role of cordycepin treatment on EV-A71 infection were investigated. Results demonstrated that cordycepin treatment significantly reduced the viral load and viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) level in EV-A71-infected Vero cells. In addition, EV-A71-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited in the presence of cordycepin in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effect can also be extended to Caco-2 intestinal cells, as evidenced by the higher median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) values in the cordycepin-treated groups. Furthermore, cordycepin inhibited EV-A71 replication by acting on the adenosine pathway at the post-infection stage. Taken together, our findings reveal that cordycepin could be a potential antiviral candidate for the treatment of EV-A71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Keung Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Trakulsrichai S, Satsue N, Tansuwannarat P, Krongvorakul J, Sueajai J, Santanirand P, Wananukul W. Poisoning from Ingestion of Fungus-Infected Cicada Nymphs: Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Patients in Thailand. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:22. [PMID: 38251239 PMCID: PMC10818818 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The current data regarding poisoning associated with ingestion of fungus-infected cicada nymphs are limited. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who ingested fungus-infected cicada nymphs and were referred to the Ramathibodi Poison Center for consultation from June 2010 to June 2022. Thirty-nine patients were included for analysis. Most were men (53.8%). Mean age was 40.2 ± 15.0 years. All nymphs were ingested as a health/food supplement. Thirty-one patients (79.5%) reported gastrointestinal symptoms. Median time from ingestion to symptom onset was 5 h. Twenty-nine patients (74.4%) reported neurological symptoms, including tremor, myoclonus, muscle rigidity, nystagmus/ocular clonus, drowsiness, dysarthria, seizure, and confusion. Some complained of dizziness, urinary retention, and jaw stiffness. Most patients (94.9%) were admitted to the hospital. Median hospital stay was 3 days. Ibotenic acid was detected in the blood and urine samples of one patient. All received supportive care. Four patients developed infectious complications. No deaths occurred. Consuming fungus-infected cicada nymphs may cause poisoning in humans. Gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms were common. Ibotenic acid might be the underlying cause. The main treatment is supportive care and appropriate management of complications. Education of the general public is advocated to prevent the incidence of this type of poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satariya Trakulsrichai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Nattapon Satsue
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.T.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phantakan Tansuwannarat
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.T.); (W.W.)
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Jatupon Krongvorakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Jetjamnong Sueajai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Pitak Santanirand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.K.); (J.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Winai Wananukul
- Ramathibodi Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (P.T.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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11
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Jeennor S, Anantayanon J, Panchanawaporn S, Chutrakul C, Vongsangnak W, Laoteng K. Efficient de novo production of bioactive cordycepin by Aspergillus oryzae using a food-grade expression platform. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:253. [PMID: 38071331 PMCID: PMC10710699 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is an important bioactive compound in medical and healthcare markets. The drawbacks of commercial cordycepin production using Cordyceps spp. include long cultivation periods and low cordycepin yields. To overcome these limitations and meet the increasing market demand, the efficient production of cordycepin by the GRAS-status Aspergillus oryzae strain using a synthetic biology approach was developed in this study. RESULTS An engineered strain of A. oryzae capable of cordycepin production was successfully constructed by overexpressing two metabolic genes (cns1 and cns2) involved in cordycepin biosynthesis under the control of constitutive promoters. Investigation of the flexibility of carbon utilization for cordycepin production by the engineered A. oryzae strain revealed that it was able to utilize C6-, C5-, and C12-sugars as carbon sources, with glucose being the best carbon source for cordycepin production. High cordycepin productivity (564.64 ± 9.59 mg/L/d) was acquired by optimizing the submerged fermentation conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a powerful production platform for bioactive cordycepin production by A. oryzae using a synthetic biology approach. An efficient and cost-effective fermentation process for cordycepin production using an engineered strain was established, offering a powerful alternative source for further upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Jeennor
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Jutamas Anantayanon
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarocha Panchanawaporn
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chanikul Chutrakul
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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12
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Wang Y, Yang LH, Tong LL, Yuan L, Ren B, Guo DS. Comparative metabolic profiling of mycelia, fermentation broth, spore powder and fruiting bodies of Ophiocordyceps gracilis by LC-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:984-996. [PMID: 37482969 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophiocordyceps gracilis, a type of edible and medicinal fungus, exhibits multiple health-promoting effects. Due to the scarcity of natural O. gracilis, artificial cultures have been developed as its substitutes. However, lacking comprehension of the metabolite composition of cultures limits its utilisation. OBJECTIVE This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of four cultures of O. gracilis by analysing their metabolite composition. In addition, metabolic pathways in mycelia and fruiting bodies were analysed to explore fruiting body formation mechanism at metabolic level. METHOD The mycelia, fermentation broth, spore powder and fruiting bodies of O. gracilis were cultivated in this study. Their metabolite composition was compared using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that the four cultures have noticeable differences in metabolite composition. A total of 612 metabolites were identified, among which 159 metabolites showed significant differences, and these differential metabolites were classified into 13 categories. The metabolites in the fruiting bodies were the most abundant compared with other cultures. However, each culture had its own advantages and significantly accumulates some active metabolites respectively. Pearson's correlation analysed the mutual relationship among metabolites. In addition, seven metabolic pathways were closely related to fruiting body formation, such as "Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites", "amino acids metabolism", "tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle". CONCLUSION This study offered a reference to mycelia, fermentation broth, spore powder and fruiting bodies of O. gracilis as health-promoting functional foods and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Hui Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Bui TQ, Dat TTH, Quy PT, Hai NTT, Thai NM, Phu NV, Tuan LV, Huynh LK, Li MS, Nhung NTA. Identification of potential anti-hyperglycemic compounds in Cordyceps militaris ethyl acetate extract: in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37997953 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2283156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris has been long known for valuable health benefits by folk experience and was recently reported with diabetes-tackling evidences, thus deserving extending efforts on screening for component-activity relationship. In this study, experiments were carried out to find the evidence, justification, and input for computations on the potential against diabetes-related protein structures: PDB-4W93, PDB-3W37, and PDB-4A3A. Liquid chromatography identified 14 bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract (1-14) and quantified the contents of cordycepin (0.11%) and adenosine (0.01%). Bioassays revealed the overall potential of the extract against α-amylase (IC50 = 6.443 ± 0.364 mg.mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 2.580 ± 0.194 mg.mL-1). A combination of different computational platforms was used to select the most promising candidates for applications as anti-diabetic bio-inhibitors, i.e. 1 (ground state: -888.49715 a.u.; dipole moment 3.779 Debye; DS ¯ -12.3 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 34.7 Å3; logP - 1.30), 10 (ground state: -688.52406 a.u.; dipole moment 5.487 Debye; DS ¯ -12.6 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 24.9 Å3; logP - 3.39), and 12 (ground state: -1460.07276 a.u.; dipole moment 3.976 Debye; DS ¯ -12.5 kcal.mol-1; polarizability 52.4 Å3; logP - 4.39). The results encourage further experimental tests on cordycepin (1), mannitol (10), and adenosylribose (12) to validate their in-practice diabetes-related activities, thus conducive to hypoglycemic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Q Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hue, Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Department of Natural Sciences & Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vinh Phu
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tuan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Lam K Huynh
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology, SBI Building, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
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14
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Pu S, Yang Z, Zhang X, Li M, Han N, Yang X, He J, Yu G, Meng X, Jia Q, Shao H. Fermented cordyceps powder alleviates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in rats by regulating the Th immune response. Chin Med 2023; 18:131. [PMID: 37828528 PMCID: PMC10571334 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is an important occupational disease caused by inhalation of free silica and is characterized by persistent pulmonary inflammation, subsequent fibrosis and lung dysfunction. Until now, there has been no effective treatment for the disease due to the complexity of pathogenesis. Fermented cordyceps powder (FCP) has a similar effect to natural cordyceps in tonifying the lung and kidney. It has started to be used in the adjuvant treatment of silicosis. This work aimed to verify the protective effects of FCP against silicosis, and to explore the related mechanism. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including the saline-instilled group, the silica-exposed group, the silica + FCP (300 mg/kg) group and the silica + FCP (600 mg/kg) group. Silicosis rat models were constructed by intratracheal instillation of silica (50 mg). Rats in the FCP intervention groups received the corresponding dose of FCP daily by intragastric gavage. Rats were sacrificed on days 7, 28 and 56 after treatment, then samples were collected for further analysis. RESULTS FCP intervention reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) at days 7, 28, 56, and decreased the expression of collagen, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) at days 28 and 56 in the lung of silicosis rats. FCP also decreased the immune response of Th1 and Th17 at days 7, 28, 56 and inhibited the enhancement of the Th2 response at day 56. CONCLUSIONS FCP intervention could alleviate silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, the protective effect may be achieved by reducing Th1 and Th17 immune responses and inhibiting the enhancement of the Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Pu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 University Road, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
- Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Linyi County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi County, 91 Yongxing Street, Dezhou, 251500, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Na Han
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 University Road, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Jin He
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjing Meng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 University Road, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, China.
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15
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Vu TX, Thai HD, Dinh BHT, Nguyen HT, Tran HTP, Bui KLT, Tran TB, Pham HT, Mai LTD, Le DH, Nguyen HQ, Tran VT. Effects of MAT1-2 Spore Ratios on Fruiting Body Formation and Degeneration in the Heterothallic Fungus Cordyceps militaris. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:971. [PMID: 37888227 PMCID: PMC10607669 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris is widely exploited in traditional medicine and nutraceuticals in Asian countries. However, fruiting body production in C. militaris is facing degeneration through cultivation batches, and the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. This study showed that fruiting body formation in three different C. militaris strains, namely G12, B12, and HQ1, severely declined after three successive culturing generations using the spore isolation method. PCR analyses revealed that these strains exist as heterokaryons and possess both the mating-type loci, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. Further, monokaryotic isolates carrying MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 were successfully separated from the fruiting bodies of all three heterokaryotic strains. A spore combination of the MAT1-1 monokaryotic isolate and the MAT1-2 monokaryotic isolate promoted fruiting body formation, while the single monokaryotic isolates could not do that themselves. Notably, we found that changes in ratios of the MAT1-2 spores strongly influenced fruiting body formation in these strains. When the ratios of the MAT1-2 spores increased to more than 15 times compared to the MAT1-1 spores, the fruiting body formation decreased sharply. In contrast, when MAT1-1 spores were increased proportionally, fruiting body formation was only slightly reduced. Our study also proposes a new solution to mitigate the degeneration in the heterokaryotic C. militaris strains caused by successive culturing generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xuan Vu
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
- Center for Experimental Biology, National Center for Technological Progress, Ministry of Science and Technology, C6 Thanh Xuan Bac, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hanh-Dung Thai
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
| | - Bich-Hang Thi Dinh
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
| | - Huong Thi Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
| | - Huyen Thi Phuong Tran
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
| | - Khanh-Linh Thi Bui
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
| | - Tram Bao Tran
- Center for Experimental Biology, National Center for Technological Progress, Ministry of Science and Technology, C6 Thanh Xuan Bac, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hien Thanh Pham
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Dam Mai
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Diep Hong Le
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Quang Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Tuan Tran
- National Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (T.X.V.); (H.-D.T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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16
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Thai NM, Dat TTH, Hai NTT, Bui TQ, Phu NV, Quy PT, Triet NT, Pham DT, De Tran V, Nhung NTA. Identification of potential inhibitors against Alzheimer-related proteins in Cordyceps militaris ethanol extract: experimental evidence and computational analyses. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:292. [PMID: 37547918 PMCID: PMC10403485 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to identify the chemical composition of Cordyceps militaris and reveal the first evidence of their Alzheimer-related potential. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified 21 bioactive compounds in the ethanol extract (1-21). High-performance liquid chromatography quantified the content of cordycepin (0.32%). Bioassays revealed the overall anti-Alzheimer potential of the extract against acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 115.9 ± 11.16 µg mL-1). Multi-platform computations were utilized to predict the biological inhibitory effects of its phytochemical components against Alzheimer-related protein structures: acetylcholinesterase (PDB-4EY7) and β-amyloid protein (PDB-2LMN). In particular, 7 is considered as a most effective inhibitor predicted by its chemical stability in dipole-based environments (ground state - 467.26302 a.u.; dipole moment 11.598 Debye), inhibitory effectiveness (DS ¯ - 13.6 kcal mol-1), polarized compatibility (polarizability 25.8 Å3; logP - 1.01), and brain penetrability (logBB - 0.244; logPS - 3.047). Besides, 3 is promising as a brain-penetrating agent (logBB - 0.257; logPS - 2.400). The results preliminarily suggest further experimental attempts to verify the pro-cognitive effects of l(-)-carnitine (7). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03714-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Thai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
| | - Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Thanh Q. Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vinh Phu
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
| | - Phan Tu Quy
- Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak 630000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Triet
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
| | - Duy Toan Pham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Can Tho, 900000 Vietnam
| | - Van De Tran
- Department of Health Organization and Management, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 179 Nguyen Van Cu, Can Tho, 900000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ai Nhung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000 Vietnam
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Chen M, Luo J, Jiang W, Chen L, Miao L, Han C. Cordycepin: A review of strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3839-3858. [PMID: 37329165 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin is a bioactive compound extracted from Cordyceps militaris. As a natural antibiotic, cordycepin has a wide variety of pharmacological effects. Unfortunately, this highly effective natural antibiotic is proved to undergo rapid deamination by adenosine deaminase (ADA) in vivo and, as a consequence, its half-life is shortened and bioavailability is decreased. Therefore, it is of critical importance to work out ways to slow down the deamination so as to increase its bioavailability and efficacy. This study reviews recent researches on a series of aspects of cordycepin such as the bioactive molecule's pharmacological action, metabolism and transformation as well as the underlying mechanism, pharmacokinetics and, particularly, the methods for reducing the degradation to improve the bioavailability and efficacy. It is drawn that there are three methods that can be applied to improve the bioavailability and efficacy: to co-administrate an ADA inhibitor and cordycepin, to develop more effective derivatives via structural modification, and to apply new drug delivery systems. The new knowledge can help optimize the application of the highly potent natural antibiotic-cordycepin and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Longxing Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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18
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Dubhashi S, Sinha S, Dwivedi S, Ghanekar J, Kadam S, Samant P, Datta V, Singh S, Chaudry IH, Gurmet P, Kelkar H, Mishra R, Galwankar S, Agrawal A. Early Trends to Show the Efficacy of Cordyceps militaris in Mild to Moderate COVID Inflammation. Cureus 2023; 15:e43731. [PMID: 37727187 PMCID: PMC10505833 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Cordyceps enhances animal survival against influenza by boosting the immune system. In animal studies, it also had anti-inflammatory and preventive properties. Cordyceps stimulates the immune system by increasing the activity and production of various immune cells. Some studies have shown the role of Cordyceps in the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to other respiratory diseases caused by the Picorna viruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza viruses. However, it remains unknown whether this food supplement is safe and has anti-inflammatory effects in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the use and efficacy of Cordyceps capsules as an adjunct to standard treatment in patients with mild (symptomatic) to moderate COVID-19 infection. Methods A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps capsules (a food supplement) 500 mg as adjuvant therapy in patients with COVID-19. The rationale for dose selection was as per the existing evidence from toxicity studies. The inclusion criteria were patients with either a mild or moderate COVID-19 infection. Clinical features suggestive of dyspnoea or hypoxia, fever, and cough, including SpO2 <94% (range 90-94%) on room air and a respiratory rate ≥24 per minute, were also included. Results Sixty-five patients were recruited for the study, with 33 in the Cordyceps group and 32 in the placebo group. Out of 58 evaluable patients, 33 recovered on day 5, 49 on day 10, and 58 on days 16 and 30. The recovery of patients steadily increased from 56.9% on day 5 to 100% on day 30. The time to clinical recovery was shorter in the Cordyceps group than in the placebo group (mean 6.6 vs. 7.3 days; p > 0.05) overall and for mild disease. However, there was no difference in the time to recovery (time from day 1 to the resolution of all symptoms) for moderate disease. A lower frequency of normal chest X-rays on day 1 and a higher number on day 16 in the treatment group than in the placebo group suggest an improvement in the number of normal chest X-rays with Cordyceps. Significant changes were seen in biomarkers MCPIP, CxCL10, and IL-1β for overall (both mild and moderate patients) on days 5 and 10 as compared to baseline, and in biomarkers CRP and CxCL10 in moderate category patients on days 5 and 10, respectively. There were no statistically significant changes in IL-6, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), or D-dimer levels between baseline and day 5/10 in patients taking Cordyceps capsules and also between the treatment and placebo groups. Conclusion Cordyceps capsules administered at a dose of 500 mg three times a day along with supportive treatment showed effectiveness in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, as evidenced by the proportionately higher number of recoveries on day 5, the relatively shorter time for improvement of clinical symptoms, and the proportionately higher number of patients showing negative RT-PCR tests on day 10. Thus, Cordyceps appears to be a safe immunological adjuvant for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Future studies with a larger sample size would shed more light on the evidence, as there are limitations in the generalizability of the results from the present study due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar Sinha
- Emergency Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sankalp Dwivedi
- General Surgery, Maharishi Markandeshwar (MM) Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Jaishree Ghanekar
- Internal Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Sameer Kadam
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Parineeta Samant
- Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Mission (MGM) Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - Vibha Datta
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Nagpur, IND
| | - Sarman Singh
- Medical Science and Engineering Research (MEDSER) Center, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, IND
| | | | - Padma Gurmet
- Miscellaneous, National Institute of Sowa-Rigpa, Leh, IND
| | | | - Rakesh Mishra
- Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sagar Galwankar
- Emergency Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Sarasota, USA
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
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Bi Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang M, Shan Y, Yin Y, Meng X, Sun F, Li H, Li Z. Molecular and biochemical investigations of the anti-fatigue effects of tea polyphenols and fruit extracts of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. on mice with exercise-induced fatigue. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1223411. [PMID: 37416624 PMCID: PMC10319583 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1223411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The molecular mechanisms regulating the therapeutic effects of plant-based ingredients on the exercise-induced fatigue (EIF) remain unclear. The therapeutic effects of both tea polyphenols (TP) and fruit extracts of Lycium ruthenicum (LR) on mouse model of EIF were investigated. Methods: The variations in the fatigue-related biochemical factors, i.e., lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in mouse models of EIF treated with TP and LR were determined. The microRNAs involved in the therapeutic effects of TP and LR on the treatment of mice with EIF were identified using the next-generation sequencing technology. Results: Our results revealed that both TP and LR showed evident anti-inflammatory effect and reduced oxidative stress. In comparison with the control groups, the contents of LDH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-2 were significantly decreased and the contents of SOD were significantly increased in the experimental groups treated with either TP or LR. A total of 23 microRNAs (21 upregulated and 2 downregulated) identified for the first time by the high-throughput RNA sequencing were involved in the molecular response to EIF in mice treated with TP and LR. The regulatory functions of these microRNAs in the pathogenesis of EIF in mice were further explored based on Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses with a total of over 20,000-30,000 target genes annotated and 44 metabolic pathways enriched in the experimental groups based on GO and KEGG databases, respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed the therapeutic effects of TP and LR and identified the microRNAs involved in the molecular mechanisms regulating the EIF in mice, providing strong experimental evidence to support further agricultural development of LR as well as the investigations and applications of TP and LR in the treatment of EIF in humans, including the professional athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Bi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Yaming Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhe Yin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengjie Sun
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA, United States
| | - Hao Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
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Raethong N, Thananusak R, Cheawchanlertfa P, Prabhakaran P, Rattanaporn K, Laoteng K, Koffas M, Vongsangnak W. Functional genomics and systems biology of Cordyceps species for biotechnological applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102939. [PMID: 37075529 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of Cordyceps species for the manufacture of natural products has been established; however, the tremendous advances observed in recent years in genetic engineering and molecular biology have revolutionized the optimization of Cordyceps as cell factories and drastically expanded the biotechnological potential of these fungi. Here, we present a review of systems and synthetic biology studies of Cordyceps and their implications for fungal biology and industrial applications. We summarize the current status of synthetic biology for enhancing targeted metabolites in Cordyceps species, such as cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharide, and pentostatin. Progress in the systems and synthetic biology of Cordyceps provides a strategy for comprehensively comprehensive controlling efficient cell factories of natural bioproducts and novel synthetic biology toolbox for targeted engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachon Raethong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Roypim Thananusak
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pranesha Prabhakaran
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Rattanaporn
- Fermentation Technology Research Center (FTRC), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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21
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Feng C, Chen R, Fang W, Gao X, Ying H, Zheng X, Chen L, Jiang J. Synergistic effect of CD47 blockade in combination with cordycepin treatment against cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144330. [PMID: 37138855 PMCID: PMC10149837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is widely considered a direct tumor-suppressive agent. However, few studies have investigated as the effect of cordycepin therapy on the tumor microenvironment (TME). In our present study, we demonstrated that cordycepin could weaken the function of M1-like macrophages in the TME and also contribute to macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Herein, we established a combined therapeutic strategy combining cordycepin and an anti-CD47 antibody. By using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we showed that the combination treatment could significantly enhance the effect of cordycepin, which would reactivate macrophages and reverse macrophage polarization. In addition, the combination treatment could regulate the proportion of CD8+ T cells to prolong the progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with digestive tract malignancies. Finally, flow cytometry validated the changes in the proportions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Collectively, our findings suggested that the combination treatment of cordycepin and the anti-CD47 antibody could significantly enhance tumor suppression, increase the proportion of M1 macrophages, and decrease the proportion of M2 macrophages. In addition, the PFS in patients with digestive tract malignancies would be prolonged by regulating CD8 + T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Rongzhang Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Xinran Gao
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- *Correspondence: Jingting Jiang, ; Lujun Chen,
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Chang Zhou, Jiang Su, China
- *Correspondence: Jingting Jiang, ; Lujun Chen,
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22
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Duan X, Yang H, Wang C, Liu H, Lu X, Tian Y. Microbial synthesis of cordycepin, current systems and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Liu S, Yang L, Fu J, Li T, Zhou B, Wang K, Wei C, Fu J. Comprehensive analysis, immune, and cordycepin regulation for SOX9 expression in pan-cancers and the matched healthy tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149986. [PMID: 37020558 PMCID: PMC10067558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) (OMIM 608160) is a transcription factor. The expression of SOX9 in pan-cancers and the regulation by small molecules in cancer cell lines are unclear. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of SOX9 in normal tissues, tumor tissues and their matched healthy tissues in pan-cancers. The study examined the correlation between immunomodulators and immune cell infiltrations in normal and tumor tissues. Cordycepin (CD), an adenosine analog for SOX9 expression regulation, was also conducted on cancer cells. The results found that SOX9 protein is expressed in a variety of organs, including high expression in 13 organs and no expression in only two organs; in 44 tissues, there was high expression in 31 tissues, medium expression in four tissues, low expression in two tissues, and no expression in the other seven tissues. In pan-cancers with 33 cancer types, SOX9 expression was significantly increased in fifteen cancers, including CESC, COAD, ESCA, GBM, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUSC, OV, PAAD, READ, STAD, THYM, UCES, and UCS, but significantly decreased in only two cancers (SKCM and TGCT) compared with the matched healthy tissues. It suggests that SOX9 expression is upregulated in the most cancer types (15/33) as a proto-oncogene. The fact that the decrease of SOX9 expression in SKCM and the increase of SOX9 in the cell lines of melanoma inhibit tumorigenicity in both mouse and human ex vivo models demonstrates that SOX9 could also be a tumor suppressor. Further analyzing the prognostic values for SOX9 expression in cancer individuals revealed that OS is long in ACC and short in LGG, CESC, and THYM, suggesting that high SOX9 expression is positively correlated with the worst OS in LGG, CESC, and THYM, which could be used as a prognostic maker. In addition, CD inhibited both protein and mRNA expressions of SOX9 in a dose-dependent manner in 22RV1, PC3, and H1975 cells, indicating CD's anticancer roles likely via SOX9 inhibition. Moreover, SOX9 might play an important role in tumor genesis and development by participating in immune infiltration. Altogether, SOX9 could be a biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics for pan-cancers and an emerging target for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baixu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Bell V, Silva CRPG, Guina J, Fernandes TH. Mushrooms as future generation healthy foods. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1050099. [PMID: 36562045 PMCID: PMC9763630 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of edible mushrooms as an unexploited treasure trove, although rarely included in known food guidelines, is highlighted. Their role in shielding people against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet is reviewed. Mushrooms complement the human diet with various bioactive molecules not identified or deficient in foodstuffs of plant and animal sources, being considered a functional food for the prevention of several human diseases. Mushrooms have been widely used as medicinal products for more than 2,000 years, but globally the potential field of use of wild mushrooms has been untapped. There is a broad range of edible mushrooms which remain poorly identified or even unreported which is a valuable pool as sources of bioactive compounds for biopharma utilization and new dietary supplements. Some unique elements of mushrooms and their role in preventative healthcare are emphasized, through their positive impact on the immune system. The potential of mushrooms as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and other health concerns is discussed. Mushrooms incorporate top sources of non-digestible oligosaccharides, and ergothioneine, which humans are unable to synthesize, the later a unique antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory element, with therapeutic potential, approved by world food agencies. The prebiotic activity of mushrooms beneficially affects gut homeostasis performance and the balance of gut microbiota is enhanced. Several recent studies on neurological impact and contribution to the growth of nerve and brain cells are mentioned. Indeed, mushrooms as functional foods' nutraceuticals are presently regarded as next-generation foods, supporting health and wellness, and are promising prophylactic or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Bell
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. R. P. G. Silva
- Department of Health and Social Care, School of Health and Care Management, Arden University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J. Guina
- Instituto Superior de Estudos Universitários de Nampula (ISEUNA), Universidade a Politécnica, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - T. H. Fernandes
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares Lurio (CEIL), Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique
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Zhang M, Sun X, Miao Y, Li M, Huang L. Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps gunnii have closer species correlation with Cordyceps sinensis: from the perspective of metabonomic and MaxEnt models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20469. [PMID: 36443322 PMCID: PMC9705360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis is a second-class nationally-protected medicinal fungus and functional food. Cordyceps sinensis resources are endangered, and finding new medicinal materials is a fast and economical way to meet the current demonstrated demand, which can effectively solve the shortage of C. sinensis resources. In this study, the metabolite characteristics of Cordyceps were comprehensively revealed by LC-QTOF-MS technology. The maxent model can be used to predict the habitat suitability distribution of Cordyceps and screen out the main climatic factors affecting its distribution. The correlation model between climate factors and chemical components was established by Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, based on the analysis of climate factors and metabolites, we will analyze the high correlation species with C. sinensis, and develop them as possible alternative species of C. sinensis in the future. The results showed that the suitable area of Cordyceps cicadae demonstrated a downward trend, while that of C. sinensis, Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps gunnii demonstrated an upwards trend. The suitable areas all shifted to the northwest. The temperature seasonality and max temperature of the warmest month are the maximum climatic factors affecting nucleosides. Compared with C. sinensis, the metabolic spectrum similarities of C. cicadae, C. militaris, and C. gunnii were 94.42%, 80.82%, and 91.00%, respectively. Cordyceps sinensis, C. cicadae, and C. gunnii were correlated well for compounds and climate factors. This study will explore whether C. cicadae, C. militaris and C. gunnii can be used as substitutes for C. sinensis. Our results may provide a reference for resource conservation and sustainable utilization of endangered C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.410594.d0000 0000 8991 6920College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040 China
| | - Xiao Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yujing Miao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Minhui Li
- grid.410594.d0000 0000 8991 6920College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040 China ,Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020 China
| | - Linfang Huang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
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Abstract
Tiankeng acts as a refugium for biodiversity amid a changing global climate, and a previous study has shown that some ancient (Alsophila spinulosa) and unique plants (cool-adapted plants) are present in Tiankeng. However, there are few reports on Ascomycota from the Tiankeng karst region. In this research, the species diversity of Cordyceps-like fungi in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng was investigated. Seven species in the genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Cordyceps, and Samsoniella were identified based on internal transcribed spacer sequences and morphological characteristics. Eight new species in the genera Akanthomyces, Cordyceps, and Samsoniella were established and described according to a multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics. Our results revealed that Cordyceps-like fungi were abundant in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng, providing new insights into the diversity of Ascomycota in this special eco-environment. IMPORTANCE Karst Tiankeng has a special eco-environment and acts as a refugium for biodiversity. However, there are few reports on Ascomycota from the Tiankeng karst region. In this research, seven known species and eight new species in the genera Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Cordyceps, and Samsoniella were reported. The results showed that Cordyceps-like fungi are abundant in Monkey-Ear Tiankeng. Interestingly, the month of the sampling was November, which is not an active period of growth and reproduction for Cordyceps-like fungi. These results revealed that unconventional time sampling should not be ignored, especially for a special eco-environment, and provided new insights into the diversity of Ascomycota in this special eco-environment.
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Turk A, Abdelhamid MAA, Yeon SW, Ryu SH, Lee S, Ko SM, Kim BS, Pack SP, Hwang BY, Lee MK. Cordyceps mushroom with increased cordycepin content by the cultivation on edible insects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1017576. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1017576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is the major constituent of Cordyceps mushroom (or Cordyceps militaris) with therapeutic potential. Insects are the direct sources of nutrients for Cordyceps in nature. Therefore, optimized condition of Cordyceps cultivation for efficient cordycepin production was explored using six edible insects as substrates. The highest yield of cordycepin was produced by the cultivation on Allomyrina dichotoma and was 34 times that on Bombyx mori pupae. Among insect components, fat content was found to be important for cordycepin production. Especially, a positive correlation was deduced between oleic acid content and cordycepin production. The transcriptional levels of cns1 and cns2, genes involved in cordycepin biosynthesis, were higher in Cordyceps grown on A. dichotoma than on other insects tested. The addition of oleic acid to the substrates increased cordycepin production together with the transcriptional levels of cns1 and cns2. Therefore, Cordyceps with high content of cordycepin can be secured by the cultivation on insects.
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Wang L, Sun H, Yang M, Xu Y, Hou L, Yu H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Han J. Bidirectional regulatory effects of Cordyceps on arrhythmia: Clinical evaluations and network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:948173. [PMID: 36059969 PMCID: PMC9437265 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.948173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cordyceps is a precious Chinese herbal medicine with rich bio-active ingredients and is used for regulating arrhythmia alongside routine treatments. However, the efficacy and potential mechanisms of Cordyceps on patients with arrhythmia remain unclear. Methods: Randomized controlled trials of bradycardia treatment with Cordyceps were retrieved from diverse databases and available data. Dichotomous variables were expressed as a risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous variables were expressed as a standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% CI. Network pharmacology was used to identify potential targets of Cordyceps for arrhythmia. Metascape was used for gene ontology (GO) and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Nineteen trials included 1,805 patients with arrhythmia, of whom 918 were treated with Ningxinbao capsule plus routine drugs, and, as a control, 887 were treated with only routine drugs. Six trials reported on bradycardia and the other 13 on tachycardia. Treatment with Cordyceps significantly improved the total efficacy rate in both bradycardia (RR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.35; Pz <0.00001) and tachycardia (RR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.39; Pz <0.00001). Cordyceps also had beneficial secondary outcomes. No serious adverse events occurred in patients treated with Cordyceps. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were mainly connected to adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. IL6, TNF, TP53, CASP3, CTNNB1, EGF, and NOS3 might be key targets for Cordyceps in the treatment of arrhythmia. Conclusion: This study confirmed that Cordyceps has a certain positive effect on the treatment of arrhythmia and that its main mechanism may be through the regulation of adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang China, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Helin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University Weifang China, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs(Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Hou
- Ambulatory Surgery Centers, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, China
| | - Haomiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongwen Zhang, ; Jinxiang Han,
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongwen Zhang, ; Jinxiang Han,
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Sequential decision fusion pipeline for the high-throughput species recognition of medicinal caterpillar fungus by using ATR-FTIR. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhu H, Liu C, Qian H. Pharmaceutical Potential of High-Altitude Plants for Fatigue-Related Disorders: A Review. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152004. [PMID: 35956482 PMCID: PMC9370126 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural plants from plateaus have been the richest source of secondary metabolites extensively used in traditional and modern health care systems. They were submitted to years of natural selection, co-evolved within that habitat, and show significant anti-fatigue-related pharmacological effects. However, currently, no review on high-altitude plants with anti-fatigue related properties has been published yet. This study summarized several Chinese traditional high-altitude plants, including Rhodiola rosea L., Crocus sativus L., Lepidium meyenii W., Hippophaerhamnoides L., which are widely used in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and surrounding mountains, as well as herbal markets in the plains. Based on phytopharmacology studies, deeper questions can be further revealed regarding how these plants regulate fatigue and related mental or physical disease conditions. Many active derivatives in high-altitude medical plants show therapeutic potential for the management of fatigue and related disorders. Therefore, high-altitude plants significantly relieve central or peripheral fatigue by acting as neuroprotective agents, energy supplements, metabolism regulators, antioxidant, and inflammatory response inhibitors. Their applications on the highland or flatland and prospects in natural medicine are further forecast, which may open treatments to reduce or prevent fatigue-related disorders in populations with sub-optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (H.Z.); (C.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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Lan YH, Lu YS, Wu JY, Lee HT, Srinophakun P, Canko GN, Chiu CC, Wang HMD. Cordyceps militaris Reduces Oxidative Stress and Regulates Immune T Cells to Inhibit Metastatic Melanoma Invasion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081502. [PMID: 36009221 PMCID: PMC9404731 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the water extract of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link (CM) was used as a functional material to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms on B16F10 and lung metastatic melanoma (LMM) cells. Reducing power, chelating ability, and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were applied for antioxidative capacities, and we obtained positive results from the proper concentrations of CM. To examine the ability of CM in melanoma proliferation inhibition and to substantiate the previous outcomes, three cellular experiments were performed via (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT, a tetrazole) assay, cell migration, and invasion evaluation. The addition of CM to the incubation medium increased the number of CD8+ T cells significantly, which improved the immunogenicity. This study showed that CM exhibits various biological capabilities, including antioxidation, anti-tumor, tumor invasion suppression, and T cytotoxic cell activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Lan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, ASIA University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Yu Wu
- Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Hsu-Tung Lee
- The Department of Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Penjit Srinophakun
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Ladyao, Jatujak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Gizem Naz Canko
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-935-753-718 or +886-4-2284-0733 (ext. 651); Fax: +886-4-228-522-42
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How Should the Worldwide Knowledge of Traditional Cancer Healing Be Integrated with Herbs and Mushrooms into Modern Molecular Pharmacology? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070868. [PMID: 35890166 PMCID: PMC9320176 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is a “core” from which modern medicine has evolved over time. Besides this, one third of people worldwide have no access to modern medicine and rely only on traditional medicine. To date, drugs of plant origin, or their derivates (paclitaxel, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, etoposide, camptothecin, topotecan, irinotecan, and omacetaxine), are very important in the therapy of malignancies and they are included in most chemotherapeutic regimes. To date, 391,000 plant and 14,000 mushroom species exist. Their medical and biochemical capabilities have not been studied in detail. In this review, we systematized the information about plants and mushrooms, as well as their active compounds with antitumor properties. Plants and mushrooms are divided based on the regions where they are used in ethnomedicine to treat malignancies. The majority of their active compounds with antineoplastic properties and mechanisms of action are described. Furthermore, on the basis of the available information, we divided them into two priority groups for research and for their potential of use in antitumor therapy. As there are many prerequisites and some examples how THM helps and strengthens modern medicine, finally, we discuss the positive points of THM and the management required to transform and integrate THM into the modern medicine practice.
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Tan W, Wang Y, Dai H, Deng J, Wu Z, Lin L, Yang J. Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Renal Fibrosis: Cordyceps and Related Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932172. [PMID: 35873549 PMCID: PMC9304961 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, there is no effective drug for the treatment of renal fibrosis; in particular, a safe and effective treatment for renal fibrosis should be established. Cordyceps has several medical effects, including immunoregulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, and may prevent kidney, liver, and heart diseases. Cordyceps has also been reported to be effective in the treatment of renal fibrosis. In this paper, we review the potential mechanisms of Cordyceps against renal fibrosis, focusing on the effects of Cordyceps on inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, regulation of autophagy, reduction of extracellular matrix deposition, and fibroblast activation. We also discuss relevant published clinical trials and meta-analyses. Available clinical studies support the possibility that Cordyceps and related products provide benefits to patients with chronic kidney diseases as adjuvants to conventional drugs. However, the existing clinical studies are limited by low quality and significant heterogeneity. The use of Cordyceps and related products may be a potential strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Randomized controlled trial studies with good methodological quality, favorable experimental design, and large sample size are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunyan Wang
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Dai
- Nephrology, YunYang County People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Deng
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifen Wu
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Lin
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yang
- Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jurong Yang,
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Wu R, Jia Q, Li X, Ma Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang S. Preparation of the sphingolipid fraction from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis and its immunosuppressive activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115126. [PMID: 35189280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is an herbal tonic in traditional Chinese medicine and is used to treat a wide range of disorders, including immune, kidney, respiratory, lung and cardiovascular diseases, in China. Most studies are focused mainly on nucleotides and polysaccharides from CS and consider them to be the main active ingredients, while other ingredients are often disregarded. Hundreds of sphingolipids have been identified from CS and showed inhibitory effects on mouse splenic lymphocytes. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to establish a method for preparing a fraction of sphingolipids from the mycelial powder of CS and evaluate its immunosuppressive activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fraction of sphingolipids (Fr-SPLs) were prepared by silica gel chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. Its components were identified and quantified by Quadrupole-Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS. PBMCs were prepared from human blood, and splenic lymphocytes, B cells, and T cells were prepared from mouse spleens. The inhibitory effect of Fr-SPLs on cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. PBMC apoptosis and the ratio of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were quantified by flow cytometry analysis. The expression of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in PBMCs was detected by ELISA kits. RESULTS A fraction containing 84.83% of sphingolipids (SPLs) was prepared from the mycelia of CS and named Fr-SPLs. 15 SPLs were identified from the Fr-SPLs. Fr-SPLs significantly inhibited the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with an IC50 value of 9.82 μg/mL and promoted PBMC apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Fr-SPLs inhibited the viability of mouse splenocytes, as well as that of B cells and T cells derived from splenocytes. Furthermore, Fr-SPLs reduced the production of IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS Fr-SPLs show immunosuppressive activity, and this study will be useful for preparing immunosuppressive components from CS and its mycelia for hyperimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251# Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China; Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251# Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, 1# Weier Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yufeng Ma
- Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Yuling Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, 1# Weier Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Shoude Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251# Ningda Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China; Medical College of Qinghai University, 16# Kunlun Road, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
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Deng Q, Li X, Fang C, Li X, Zhang J, Xi Q, Li Y, Zhang R. Cordycepin enhances anti-tumor immunity in colon cancer by inhibiting phagocytosis immune checkpoint CD47 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108695. [PMID: 35305385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin, also known as 3'-deoxyadenosine, is an extract from Cordyceps militaris, which has been reported as an anti-inflammation and anti-tumor substance without toxicity. However, the pharmacological mechanism of Cordycepin on tumor immunity under its anti-tumor effect has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we investigated Cordycepin's anti-tumor effect on colon cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that Cordycepin can inhibit growth, migration, and promoted apoptosis of CT26 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cordycepin suppressed the growth of colon cancer in mouse subcutaneous tumor model by modulating tumor immune microenvironment where CD4+ T, CD8+ T, M1 type macrophages, NK cells were up-regulated. Further investigations revealed that Cordycepin inhibited phagocytosis immune checkpoint CD47 protein expression by reducing BNIP3 expression. In addition, Cordycepin also inhibited the expression of TSP1 in tumor cells and Jurkat cells, which may reduce the binding of TSP1 to CD47, thereby reducing T cell apoptosis and allowing more T cells to infiltrate into tumors. And in vitro co-culture experiments proved that Cordycepin could enhance the phagocytosis of CT26 cells by macrophages. These results explained the underlying mechanism of the anti-tumor immunity of Cordycepin. In conclusion, our results identify a novel mechanism by which Cordycepin inhibits phagocytosis immune checkpoint CD47 in tumor cells to promote tumor cells phagocytosis of macrophages. Cordycepin may be able to serve as a more effective immunotherapeutic drug against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunqiang Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Protective Effect of a Water-Soluble Carotenoid-Rich Extract of Cordyceps militaris against Light-Evoked Functional Vision Deterioration in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081675. [PMID: 35458237 PMCID: PMC9031935 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-evoked retinal photodamage is considered an important factor contributing to functional vision deterioration and can even lead to light maculopathy or dry age-related macular degeneration. Loss of visual acuity (VA) and visual contrast sensitivity function (VCSF) are the major symptoms of retinal degenerative diseases. Cordyceps militaris is a carotenoid-rich Chinese medicinal fungus with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory functions. C. militaris extract is a natural substance, and its bioactive constituents have been shown to confer health benefits, but their application in retinal tissue and functional vision protection in vivo remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of water-soluble, carotenoid-rich C. militaris extracts on the visual performance of light-damaged mouse retinas in vivo, using adult female CD-1® (ICR) albino mice. We showed that oral administration of this C. militaris extract (10 mg/kg, twice daily) protected the neural retina tissue against light-evoked photoreceptor cell death, reduced Müller cell hypertrophic gliosis, and elevated GSH levels and promoted the recovery of VA- and VCSF-thresholds, especially for high spatial frequency-characterized vision. These results suggest that, probably because of its water-soluble carotenoids, C. militaris extract has the potential to prevent or treat light-induced visual dysfunction.
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Song YC, Liu CT, Lee HJ, Yen HR. Cordycepin prevents and ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and reducing neuroinflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kong F, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cao Z, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang W, Lu N, Li S. Acremonium terricola Culture’s Dose–Response Effects on Lactational Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Ruminal Characteristics in Holstein Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010175. [PMID: 35052679 PMCID: PMC8772898 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) has similar bioactive constituents to Cordyceps and is known for its nutrient and pharmacological value, indicating the potential of ATC as a new feed additive in dairy cow feeding. The primary aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing amounts of ATC in diets on milk performance, antioxidant capacity, and rumen fermentation, and the secondary aim was to evaluate the potential effects of high doses of ATC. A total of 60 multiparous Holstein cows (110 ± 21 days in milk; 2.53 ± 0.82 parity) were assigned into 15 blocks and randomly assigned to one of four groups: 0, 30, 60, or 300 g/d of ATC per cow for 97 days. Data were analyzed using repeated measures in the Mixed procedure. Dry-matter intake was not changed (p > 0.05), while energy-corrected milk and fat-corrected milk yields increased linearly and quadratically, and somatic cell count in milk decreased linearly and quadratically (p < 0.05). The lactation efficiency and the yields of milk fat and protein increased linearly (p < 0.05). On day 90, serum catalase level, total oxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A, and immunoglobulin M concentrations were significantly higher in the 60 and 300 g/d groups than in the 0 g/d group (p < 0.05). ATC addition showed linear effects on total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, branched VFA concentrations, and rumen pH (p < 0.05). Supplementing 60 and 300 g/d ATC significantly affected the bacterial composition (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R–7_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were significantly increased by 60 g/d supplementation, and the relative abundance of Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG_002, Acetitomaculum, Olsenella, and Syntrophococcus were significantly increased by 300 g/d supplementation (p < 0.05). ATC was effective in enhancing rumen fermentation and reducing somatic cell count in milk, thereby improving milk yield. The optimized dose of ATC was 60 g/d for lactating cows, and there were no risks associated with high doses of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Kong
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Shuo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Zan Cao
- Microbial Biological Engineering Company Limited, Fanhua Road Jingkai District, Hefei 230009, China;
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Beijing JingWa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Mishan Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zixiao Zhang
- Beijing JingWa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Mishan Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
| | - Na Lu
- Beijing JingWa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Mishan Road, Pinggu District, Beijing 101200, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Shengli Li
- Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China; (F.K.); (S.W.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (S.L.)
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Kontogiannatos D, Koutrotsios G, Xekalaki S, Zervakis GI. Biomass and Cordycepin Production by the Medicinal Mushroom Cordyceps militaris-A Review of Various Aspects and Recent Trends towards the Exploitation of a Valuable Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110986. [PMID: 34829273 PMCID: PMC8621325 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration-usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation-results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.
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Mishra J, Khan W, Ahmad S, Misra K. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracts of Cordyceps sinensis: Chromatography-based Metabolite Profiling and Protective Efficacy Against Hypobaric Hypoxia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628924. [PMID: 34512317 PMCID: PMC8426348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and disposal concerns of organic solvents used in conventional extraction purposes has entailed the need for greener alternatives. Among such techniques, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has gained popularity by yielding extracts of high purity in a much faster manner. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is generally preferred as a supercritical solvent because of its lower temperature requirements, better diffusivity and easy removal. The present study describes the characterization of supercritical CO2 extracts of Indian variety of Cordyceps sinensis (CS)- a high-altitude medicinal mushroom widely revered in traditional medicine for its extensive anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and energy-enhancing properties. Experimental parameters viz. 300 and 350 bar of extraction pressure, 60°C of temperature, 0.4°L/h CO2 of flow rate and use of 1% (v/v) of ethanol as entrainer were optimized to prepare three different extracts namely, CSF1, CSF2 and CSF3. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used for assessing the quality of all the extracts in terms of cordycepin, the pivot biomarker compound in CS. Characterization by HPTLC and GC-MS confirmed the presence of flavonoids and nucleobases and, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), respectively. The chromatographic data acquired from metabolite profiling were subjected to chemometric analysis in an open source R studio which illustrated interrelatedness between CSF1 and CSF2 in terms of two major principal components. i.e. Dim 1 and Dim 2 whose values were 40.33 and 30.52% in variables factor map plotted using the HPTLC-generated retardation factor values. The factor maps based on retention times of the VOCs exhibited a variance of Dim 1 = 43.95% and Dim 2 = 24.85%. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated appreciable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein leakage and efflux pump inhibition within bacterial pathogens. CSFs were elucidated to be significantly cytoprotective (p < 0.05) in a simulated hypobaric hypoxia milieu (0.5% oxygen). CSF2 showed the best results by effectively improving the viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells to 82.36 ± 1.76% at an optimum dose of 100 µg/ml. Levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were modulated four-fold upon supplementation with CSF2. The results collectively evinced that the CSF extracts are substantially bioactive and could be effectively utilized as mycotherapeutics for multiple bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Washim Khan
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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The Role of Autophagy in Anti-Cancer and Health Promoting Effects of Cordycepin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164954. [PMID: 34443541 PMCID: PMC8400201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin is an adenosine derivative isolated from Cordyceps sinensis, which has been used as an herbal complementary and alternative medicine with various biological activities. The general anti-cancer mechanisms of cordycepin are regulated by the adenosine A3 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Notably, cordycepin also induces autophagy to trigger cell death, inhibits tumor metastasis, and modulates the immune system. Since the dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancers and neuron, immune, and kidney diseases, cordycepin is considered an alternative treatment because of the involvement of cordycepin in autophagic signaling. However, the profound mechanism of autophagy induction by cordycepin has never been reviewed in detail. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin in the neurons, kidneys, and the immune system through diverse mechanisms, including autophagy induction. We also suggest that formulation changes for cordycepin could enhance its bioactivity and bioavailability and lower its toxicity for future applications. A comprehensive understanding of the autophagy mechanism would provide novel mechanistic insight into the anti-cancer and health-promoting effects of cordycepin.
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Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105122. [PMID: 34352375 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Global food security is threatened by insect pests of economically important crops. Chemical pesticides have been used frequently for the last few decades to manage insect pests throughout the world. However, these chemicals are hazardous for human health as well as the ecosystem. In addition, several pests have evolved resistance to many chemicals. Finding environment friendly alternatives lead the researchers to introduce biocontrol agents such as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). These fungi include various genera that can infect and kill insects efficiently. Moreover, EPFs have considerable host specificity with a mild effect on non-target organisms and can be produced in bulk quantity quickly. However, insights into the biology of EPF and mechanism of action are of prime significance for their efficient utilization as a biocontrol agent. This review focuses on EPF-mediated insect management by explaining particular EPF strains and their general mode of action. We have comprehensively discussed which criteria should be used for the selection of pertinent EPF, and which aspects can impact the EPF efficiency. Finally, we have outlined various advantages of EPF and their limitations. The article summarizes the prospects related to EPF utilization as biocontrol agents. We hope that future strategies for the management of insects will be safer for our planet.
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