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Zuo Y, He J, Zhou Z, Sun J, Ouyang C, Huang H, Wang Y, Liu H, Reed SH. Long non-coding RNA LIP interacts with PARP-1 influencing the efficiency of base excision repair. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:649-658. [PMID: 38577022 PMCID: PMC10987297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in DNA damage response (DDR) have been identified and studied to deepen our understanding. However, there are rare reports on the association between lncRNAs and base excision repair (BER). Our designed DNA microarray identified dozens of functionally unknown lncRNAs, and their transcription levels significantly increased upon exposure to DNA damage inducers. One of them, named LIP (Long noncoding RNA Interacts with PARP-1), exhibited a significant alteration in transcription in response to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and temozolomide (TMZ) treatments. LIP knockdown or knockout cell lines are sensitive to MMS and TMZ, indicating that LIP plays a crucial role in DDR. The loss or insufficiency of LIP significantly influences the efficiency of BER in human cells, and it suggests that LIP participates in the BER pathway. The interaction between LIP and a key factor in BER, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1), has been confirmed. We identified and characterized LIP, a lncRNA, which is involved in DDR, significantly influences BER efficiency, and interacts with the BER key factor PARP-1. This advances our understanding of the connection between lncRNAs and BER, presenting the potential for the discovery of new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zuo
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqian He
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Can Ouyang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hairong Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Simon H. Reed
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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2
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Das PK, Matada GSP, Pal R, Maji L, Dhiwar PS, Manjushree BV, Viji MP. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as anticancer agents: An outlook on clinical progress, synthetic strategies, biological activity, and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116535. [PMID: 38838546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is considered an essential component in case of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) damage, response by sensing DNA damage and engaging DNA repair proteins. Those proteins repair the damaged DNA via an aspect of posttranslational modification, known as poly (ADP-Ribosyl)ation (PARylation). Specifically, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown better results when administered alone in a variety of cancer types with BRCA (Breast Cancer gene) mutation. The clinical therapeutic benefits of PARP inhibitors have been diminished by their cytotoxicity, progression of drug resistance, and limitation of indication, regardless of their tremendous clinical effectiveness. A growing number of PARP-1 inhibitors, particularly those associated with BRCA-1/2 mutations, have been identified as potential cancer treatments. Recently, several researchers have identified various promising scaffolds, which have resulted in the resuscitation of the faith in PARP inhibitors as cancer therapies. This review provided a comprehensive update on the anatomy and physiology of the PARP enzyme, the profile of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and CFDA (China Food and Drug Administration)-approved drugs, and small-molecule inhibitors of PARP, including their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Lalmohan Maji
- Tarifa Memorial Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Murshidabad, 742166, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasad Sanjay Dhiwar
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Manjushree
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - M P Viji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
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Shen H, Wang H, Mo J, Zhang J, Xu C, Sun F, Ou X, Zhu X, Du L, Ju H, Ye R, Shi G, Kwok RT, Lam JW, Sun J, Zhang T, Ning S, Tang BZ. Unrestricted molecular motions enable mild photothermy for recurrence-resistant FLASH antitumor radiotherapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 37:299-312. [PMID: 38694765 PMCID: PMC11061705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy is an emerging technology with excellent therapeutic effects and low biological toxicity. However, tumor recurrence largely impede the effectiveness of FLASH therapy. Overcoming tumor recurrence is crucial for practical FLASH applications. Here, we prepared an agarose-based thermosensitive hydrogel containing a mild photothermal agent (TPE-BBT) and a glutaminase inhibitor (CB-839). Within nanoparticles, TPE-BBT exhibits aggregation-induced emission peaked at 900 nm, while the unrestricted molecular motions endow TPE-BBT with a mild photothermy generation ability. The balanced photothermal effect and photoluminescence are ideal for phototheranostics. Upon 660-nm laser irradiation, the temperature-rising effect softens and hydrolyzes the hydrogel to release TPE-BBT and CB-839 into the tumor site for concurrent mild photothermal therapy and chemotherapy, jointly inhibiting homologous recombination repair of DNA. The enhanced FLASH radiotherapy efficiently kills the tumor tissue without recurrence and obvious systematic toxicity. This work deciphers the unrestricted molecular motions in bright organic fluorophores as a source of photothermy, and provides novel recurrence-resistant radiotherapy without adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Shen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- The Second Ward of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jianlan Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changhuo Xu
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Feiyi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinwen Ou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lidong Du
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Huaqiang Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangfu Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ryan T.K. Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W.Y. Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shipeng Ning
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Division of Life Science, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
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4
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Ho AN, Kiesel VA, Gates CE, Brosnan BH, Connelly SP, Glenny EM, Cozzo AJ, Hursting SD, Coleman MF. Exogenous Metabolic Modulators Improve Response to Carboplatin in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:806. [PMID: 38786030 PMCID: PMC11119195 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks targeted therapies, leaving cytotoxic chemotherapy as the current standard treatment. However, chemotherapy resistance remains a major clinical challenge. Increased insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling can potently blunt chemotherapy response, and lysosomal processes including the nutrient scavenging pathway autophagy can enable cancer cells to evade chemotherapy-mediated cell death. Thus, we tested whether inhibition of insulin receptor/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor with the drug BMS-754807 and/or lysosomal disruption with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) could sensitize TNBC cells to the chemotherapy drug carboplatin. Using in vitro studies in multiple TNBC cell lines, in concert with in vivo studies employing a murine syngeneic orthotopic transplant model of TNBC, we show that BMS-754807 and HCQ each sensitized TNBC cells and tumors to carboplatin and reveal that exogenous metabolic modulators may work synergistically with carboplatin as indicated by Bliss analysis. Additionally, we demonstrate the lack of overt in vivo toxicity with our combination regimens and, therefore, propose that metabolic targeting of TNBC may be a safe and effective strategy to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy. Thus, we conclude that the use of exogenous metabolic modulators, such as BMS-754807 or HCQ, in combination with chemotherapy warrants additional study as a strategy to improve therapeutic responses in women with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N. Ho
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Violet A. Kiesel
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Claire E. Gates
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bennett H. Brosnan
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Scott P. Connelly
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elaine M. Glenny
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Francis Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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5
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Xu Z. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated silencing of CD44: unveiling the role of hyaluronic acid-mediated interactions in cancer drug resistance. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2849-2876. [PMID: 37991544 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of CD44 (CD44 Molecule (Indian Blood Group)), a cell surface glycoprotein, and its interaction with hyaluronic acid (HA) in drug resistance mechanisms across various types of cancer is provided, where CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was utilized to silence CD44 expression and examine its impact on cancer cell behavior, migration, invasion, proliferation, and drug sensitivity. The significance of the HA-CD44 axis in tumor microenvironment (TME) delivery and its implications in specific cancer types, the influence of CD44 variants and the KHDRBS3 (KH RNA Binding Domain Containing, Signal Transduction Associated 3) gene on cancer progression and drug resistance, and the potential of targeting HA-mediated pathways using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to overcome drug resistance in cancer were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Xu
- Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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6
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Wang Z, Yang L. Natural-product-based, carrier-free, noncovalent nanoparticles for tumor chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107150. [PMID: 38521285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, with its diversity, heterogeneity, and complexity, is a significant contributor to global morbidity, disability, and mortality, highlighting the necessity for transformative treatment approaches. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has aroused continuous interest as a viable alternative to conventional cancer treatments that encounter drug resistance. Nanotechnology has brought new advances in medicine and has shown great potential in drug delivery and cancer treatment. For precise and efficient therapeutic utilization of such a tumor therapeutic approach with high spatiotemporal selectivity and minimal invasiveness, the carrier-free noncovalent nanoparticles (NPs) based on chemo-photodynamic combination therapy is essential. Utilizing natural products as the foundation for nanodrug development offers unparalleled advantages, including exceptional pharmacological activity, easy functionalization/modification, and well biocompatibility. The natural-product-based, carrier-free, noncovalent NPs revealed excellent synergistic anticancer activity in comparison with free photosensitizers and free bioactive natural products, representing an alternative and favorable combination therapeutic avenue to improve therapeutic efficacy. Herein, a comprehensive summary of current strategies and representative application examples of carrier-free noncovalent NPs in the past decade based on natural products (such as paclitaxel, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, doxorubicin, etoposide, combretastatin A4, epigallocatechin gallate, and curcumin) for tumor chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. We highlight the insightful design and synthesis of the smart carrier-free NPs that aim to enhance PDT efficacy. Meanwhile, we discuss the future challenges and potential opportunities associated with these NPs to provide new enlightenment, spur innovative ideas, and facilitate PDT-mediated clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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7
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Bareja C, Dwivedi K, Uboveja A, Mathur A, Kumar N, Saluja D. Identification and clinicopathological analysis of potential p73-regulated biomarkers in colorectal cancer via integrative bioinformatics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9894. [PMID: 38688978 PMCID: PMC11061124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to decipher crucial biomarkers regulated by p73 for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) by employing a combination of integrative bioinformatics and expression profiling techniques. The transcriptome profile of HCT116 cell line p53- / - p73+ / + and p53- / - p73 knockdown was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). This was corroborated with three CRC tissue expression datasets available in Gene Expression Omnibus. Further analysis involved KEGG and Gene ontology to elucidate the functional roles of DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape to identify hub genes. Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots along with GEPIA and UALCAN database analysis provided the insights into the prognostic and diagnostic significance of these hub genes. Machine/deep learning algorithms were employed to perform TNM-stage classification. Transcriptome profiling revealed 1289 upregulated and 1897 downregulated genes. When intersected with employed CRC datasets, 284 DEGs were obtained. Comprehensive analysis using gene ontology and KEGG revealed enrichment of the DEGs in metabolic process, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. The PPI network constructed using these 284 genes assisted in identifying 20 hub genes. Kaplan-Meier, GEPIA, and UALCAN analyses uncovered the clinicopathological relevance of these hub genes. Conclusively, the deep learning model achieved TNM-stage classification accuracy of 0.78 and 0.75 using 284 DEGs and 20 hub genes, respectively. The study represents a pioneer endeavor amalgamating transcriptomics, publicly available tissue datasets, and machine learning to unveil key CRC-associated genes. These genes are found relevant regarding the patients' prognosis and diagnosis. The unveiled biomarkers exhibit robustness in TNM-stage prediction, thereby laying the foundation for future clinical applications and therapeutic interventions in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Bareja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kountay Dwivedi
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Apoorva Uboveja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ankit Mathur
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Delhi School of Public Health, Institution of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Raguz J, Pinto C, Pölzlbauer T, Habbeddine M, Rosskopf S, Strauß J, Just V, Schmidt S, Bidet Huang K, Stemeseder F, Schippers T, Stewart E, Jez J, Berraondo P, Orlinger KK, Lauterbach H. Preclinical evaluation of two phylogenetically distant arenavirus vectors for the development of novel immunotherapeutic combination strategies for cancer treatment. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008286. [PMID: 38631709 PMCID: PMC11029282 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineered arenavirus vectors have recently been developed to leverage the body's immune system in the fight against chronic viral infections and cancer. Vectors based on Pichinde virus (artPICV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (artLCMV) encoding a non-oncogenic fusion protein of human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6 and E7 are currently being tested in patients with HPV16+ cancer, showing a favorable safety and tolerability profile and unprecedented expansion of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Although the strong antigen-specific immune response elicited by artLCMV vectors has been demonstrated in several preclinical models, PICV-based vectors are much less characterized. METHODS To advance our understanding of the immunobiology of these two vectors, we analyzed and compared their individual properties in preclinical in vivo and in vitro systems. Immunogenicity and antitumor effect of intratumoral or intravenous administration of both vectors, as well as combination with NKG2A blockade, were evaluated in naïve or TC-1 mouse tumor models. Flow cytometry, Nanostring, and histology analysis were performed to characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) and T-cell infiltrate following treatment. RESULTS Despite being phylogenetically distant, both vectors shared many properties, including preferential infection and activation of professional antigen-presenting cells, and induction of potent tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Systemic as well as localized treatment induced a proinflammatory shift in the TME, promoting the infiltration of inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS)+CD8+ T cells capable of mediating tumor regression and prolonging survival in a TC-1 mouse tumor model. Still, there was evidence of immunosuppression built-up over time, and increased expression of H2-T23 (ligand for NKG2A T cell inhibitory receptor) following treatment was identified as a potential contributing factor. NKG2A blockade improved the antitumor efficacy of artARENA vectors, suggesting a promising new combination approach. This demonstrates how detailed characterization of arenavirus vector-induced immune responses and TME modulation can inform novel combination therapies. CONCLUSIONS The artARENA platform represents a strong therapeutic vaccine approach for the treatment of cancer. The induced antitumor immune response builds the backbone for novel combination therapies, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ethan Stewart
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Jez
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH (VBCF), Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
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9
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Podolski-Renić A, Čipak Gašparović A, Valente A, López Ó, Bormio Nunes JH, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Filipović NR. Schiff bases and their metal complexes to target and overcome (multidrug) resistance in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116363. [PMID: 38593587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. In this respect, Schiff base-related compounds (bearing a R1R2CNR3 bond) gained high interest during the past decades. Schiff bases are considered privileged ligands for various reasons, including the easiness of their preparation and the possibility to form complexes with almost all transition metal ions. Schiff bases and their metal complexes exhibit many types of biological activities and are used for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Until now, 13 Schiff bases have been investigated in clinical trials for cancer treatment and hypoxia imaging. This review represents the first collection of Schiff bases and their complexes which demonstrated MDR-reversal activity. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Modulation of ABC transporter function, 2) Targeting lysosomal ABCB1 overexpression, 3) Circumvention of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux by alternative routes of drug uptake, 4) Selective activity against MDR cancer models (collateral sensitivity), 5) Targeting GSH-detoxifying systems, 6) Overcoming apoptosis resistance by inducing necrosis and paraptosis, 7) Reactivation of mutated p53, 8) Restoration of sensitivity to DNA-damaging anticancer therapy, and 9) Overcoming drug resistance through modulation of the immune system. Through this approach, we would like to draw attention to Schiff bases and their metal complexes representing highly interesting anticancer drug candidates with the ability to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia H Bormio Nunes
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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10
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Chen WA, Williams TG, So L, Drew N, Fang J, Ochoa P, Nguyen N, Jawhar Y, Otiji J, Duerksen-Hughes PJ, Reeves ME, Casiano CA, Jin H, Dovat S, Yang J, Boyle KE, Francis-Boyle OL. Duocarmycin SA Reduces Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4342. [PMID: 38673926 PMCID: PMC11050052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that is characterized by an expansion of immature myeloid precursors. Despite therapeutic advances, the prognosis of AML patients remains poor and there is a need for the evaluation of promising therapeutic candidates to treat the disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of duocarmycin Stable A (DSA) in AML cells in vitro. We hypothesized that DSA would induce DNA damage in the form of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and exert cytotoxic effects on AML cells within the picomolar range. Human AML cell lines Molm-14 and HL-60 were used to perform 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), DNA DSBs, cell cycle, 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU), colony formation unit (CFU), Annexin V, RNA sequencing and other assays described in this study. Our results showed that DSA induced DNA DSBs, induced cell cycle arrest at the G2M phase, reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis in AML cells. Additionally, RNA sequencing results showed that DSA regulates genes that are associated with cellular processes such as DNA repair, G2M checkpoint and apoptosis. These results suggest that DSA is efficacious in AML cells and is therefore a promising potential therapeutic candidate that can be further evaluated for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Terry G. Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Leena So
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Natalie Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Pedro Ochoa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Nhi Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yasmeen Jawhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Jide Otiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Mark E. Reeves
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11234 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Carlos A. Casiano
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, 400 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kristopher E. Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Olivia L. Francis-Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Shryock Hall 24745 Stewart Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Division of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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11
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Roehrig A, Hirsch TZ, Pire A, Morcrette G, Gupta B, Marcaillou C, Imbeaud S, Chardot C, Gonzales E, Jacquemin E, Sekiguchi M, Takita J, Nagae G, Hiyama E, Guérin F, Fabre M, Aerts I, Taque S, Laithier V, Branchereau S, Guettier C, Brugières L, Fresneau B, Zucman-Rossi J, Letouzé E. Single-cell multiomics reveals the interplay of clonal evolution and cellular plasticity in hepatoblastoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3031. [PMID: 38589411 PMCID: PMC11001886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastomas (HB) display heterogeneous cellular phenotypes that influence the clinical outcome, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use a single-cell multiomic strategy to unravel the molecular determinants of this plasticity. We identify a continuum of HB cell states between hepatocytic (scH), liver progenitor (scLP) and mesenchymal (scM) differentiation poles, with an intermediate scH/LP population bordering scLP and scH areas in spatial transcriptomics. Chromatin accessibility landscapes reveal the gene regulatory networks of each differentiation pole, and the sequence of transcription factor activations underlying cell state transitions. Single-cell mapping of somatic alterations reveals the clonal architecture of each tumor, showing that each genetic subclone displays its own range of cellular plasticity across differentiation states. The most scLP subclones, overexpressing stem cell and DNA repair genes, proliferate faster after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. These results highlight how the interplay of clonal evolution and epigenetic plasticity shapes the potential of HB subclones to respond to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Roehrig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Theo Z Hirsch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Pire
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Morcrette
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Robert Debré and Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Barkha Gupta
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Gonzales
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases, FILFOIE, ERN RARE LIVER, APHP, Bicêtre University Hospital, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, and INSERM UMR_S 1193, Hepatinov, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Jacquemin
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases, FILFOIE, ERN RARE LIVER, APHP, Bicêtre University Hospital, University of Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, and INSERM UMR_S 1193, Hepatinov, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Masahiro Sekiguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Genome Science Laboratory, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiso Hiyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Florent Guérin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Monique Fabre
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Aerts
- Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Taque
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Fontenoy, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Laithier
- Department of Children Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Sophie Branchereau
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Guettier
- Department of Pathology Hôpital Bicêtre-AP-HP, INSERM U1193, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Brugières
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Villejuif, France
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Villejuif, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
- Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France.
- CRCI2NA, Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes, France.
- University Hospital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France.
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12
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Karcini A, Mercier NR, Lazar IM. Proteomic Assessment of SKBR3/HER2+ Breast Cancer Cellular Response to Lapatinib and Investigational Ipatasertib Kinase Inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.02.587656. [PMID: 38617302 PMCID: PMC11014527 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.02.587656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Modern cancer treatment approaches aim at achieving cancer remission by using targeted and personalized therapies, as well as harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the cancer cells. To overcome a relatively short-lived response due to the development of resistance to the administered drugs, combination therapies have been pursued, as well. To expand the outlook of combination therapies, the objective of this study was to use high-throughput data generation technologies such as mass spectrometry and proteomics to investigate the response of HER2+ breast cancer cells to a mixture of two kinase inhibitors that has not been adopted yet as a standard treatment regime. The broader landscape of biological processes that are affected by inhibiting two major pathways that sustain the growth and survival of cancer cells, i.e., EGFR and PI3K/AKT, was investigated by treating SKBR3/HER2+ breast cancer cells with Lapatinib or a mixture of Lapatinib/Ipatasertib small molecule drugs. Changes in protein expression and/or activity in response to the drug treatments were assessed by using two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches based on peak area and peptide spectrum match measurements. Over 900 proteins matched by three unique peptide sequences (FDR<0.05) were affected by the exposure of cells to the drugs. The work corroborated the anti-proliferative activity of Lapatinib and Ipatasertib, and, in addition to cell cycle and growth arrest processes enabled the identification of several multi-functional proteins with roles in cancer-supportive hallmark processes. Among these, immune response, adhesion and migration emerged as particularly relevant to the ability to effectively suppress the proliferation and dissemination of cancer cells. The supplementation of Lapatinib with Ipatasertib further affected the expression or activity of additional transcription factors and proteins involved in gene expression, trafficking, DNA repair, and development of multidrug resistance. Furthermore, over fifty of the affected proteins represented approved or investigational targets in the DrugBank database, which through their protein-protein interaction networks can inform the selection of effective therapeutic partners. Altogether, our findings exposed a broad plethora of yet untapped opportunities that can be further explored for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of each drug as well as of many other multi-drug therapies that target the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/AKT pathways. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD051094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arba Karcini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Nicole R. Mercier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Iulia M. Lazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Division of Systems Biology, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061
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13
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Baranoski A, Semprebon SC, Biazi BI, Zanetti TA, Corveloni AC, Areal Marques L, Lepri SR, Coatti GC, Mantovani MS. Piperlongumine inhibits antioxidant enzymes, increases ROS levels, induces DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in breast cell lines. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:294-309. [PMID: 38279841 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2308801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PLN) is a biologically active alkaloid/amide derived from Piper longum, with known promising anticancer activity. The aim of this study was to compare the antiproliferative activity of PLN in human breast MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell line with effects in HB4a normal mammary epithelial non-tumor cell line. The parameters examined were cell growth, viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA damage, as well as the effects on the modulating targets responsible through regulation of these pathways. PLN increased ROS levels and expression of the SOD1 antioxidant enzyme. PLN inhibited the expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, TRx1, and PRx2. The ability of PLN to inhibit antioxidant enzyme expression was associated with the oxidative stress response. PLN induced genotoxicity in both cell lines and upregulated the levels of GADD45A mRNA and p21 protein. The DNA damage response ATR protein was downregulated in both cell lines and contributed to an enhanced PLN genotoxicity. In HB4a cells, Chk1 protein, and mRNA levels were also decreased. In response to elevated ROS levels and DNA damage induction, the cells were arrested at the G2/M phase, probably in an attempt to promote cell survival. Although cell viability was reduced in both cell lines, only HB4a cells underwent apoptotic cell death, whereas other types of cellular death may be involved in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these data provide insight into the anticancer mechanisms attributed to PLN effects, which acts as an inhibitor of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrivanio Baranoski
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristine Semprebon
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Bruna Isabela Biazi
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thalita Alves Zanetti
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Corveloni
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lilian Areal Marques
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Sandra R Lepri
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Castello Coatti
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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14
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Adeyemo OM, Ashimiyu‐Abdusalam Z, Adewunmi M, Ayano TA, Sohaib M, Abdel‐Salam R. Network-based identification of key proteins and repositioning of drugs for non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e2031. [PMID: 38600056 PMCID: PMC11006715 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSCLC is a lethal cancer that is highly prevalent and accounts for 85% of cases of lung cancer. Conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, frequently exhibit limited efficacy and notable adverse reactions. Therefore, a drug repurposing method is proposed for effective NSCLC treatment. AIMS This study aims to evaluate candidate drugs that are effective for NSCLC at the clinical level using a systems biology and network analysis approach. METHODS Differentially expressed genes in transcriptomics data were identified using the systems biology and network analysis approaches. A network of gene co-expression was developed with the aim of detecting two modules of gene co-expression. Following that, the Drug-Gene Interaction Database was used to find possible drugs that target important genes within two gene co-expression modules linked to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The use of Cytoscape facilitated the creation of a drug-gene interaction network. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis was done to validate candidate drugs. RESULTS Unlike previous research on repositioning drugs for NSCLC, which uses a gene co-expression network, this project is the first to research both gene co-expression and co-occurrence networks. And the co-occurrence network also accounts for differentially expressed genes in cancer cells and their adjacent normal cells. For effective management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), drugs that show higher gene regulation and gene affinity within the drug-gene interaction network are thought to be important. According to the discourse, NSCLC genes have a lot of control over medicines like vincristine, fluorouracil, methotrexate, clotrimazole, etoposide, tamoxifen, sorafenib, doxorubicin, and pazopanib. CONCLUSION Hence, there is a possibility of repurposing these drugs for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin Maryam Adeyemo
- Department of BiochemistryFederal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria
- Cancer Research with AI (CaresAI)HobartAustralia
| | - Zainab Ashimiyu‐Abdusalam
- Cancer Research with AI (CaresAI)HobartAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and NutritionNigeria Institute of Medical ResearchLagosNigeria
| | - Mary Adewunmi
- Cancer Research with AI (CaresAI)HobartAustralia
- College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Temitope Ayanfunke Ayano
- Cancer Research with AI (CaresAI)HobartAustralia
- Department of MicrobiologyObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle‐IfeNigeria
| | | | - Reem Abdel‐Salam
- Cancer Research with AI (CaresAI)HobartAustralia
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringCairo UniversityCairoEgypt
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15
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Orda MA, Fowler PMPT, Tayo LL. Modular Hub Genes in DNA Microarray Suggest Potential Signaling Pathway Interconnectivity in Various Glioma Grades. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38666818 PMCID: PMC11048586 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas have displayed significant challenges in oncology due to their high degree of invasiveness, recurrence, and resistance to treatment strategies. In this work, the key hub genes mainly associated with different grades of glioma, which were represented by pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), oligodendroglioma (OG), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of microarray datasets retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through this, four highly correlated modules were observed to be present across the PA (GSE50161), OG (GSE4290), AA (GSE43378), and GBM (GSE36245) datasets. The functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis done through the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed that the modules and hub genes identified were mainly involved in signal transduction, transcription regulation, and protein binding, which collectively deregulate several signaling pathways, mainly PI3K/Akt and metabolic pathways. The involvement of several hub genes primarily linked to other signaling pathways, including the cAMP, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, and calcium signaling pathways, indicates potential interconnectivity and influence on the PI3K/Akt pathway and, subsequently, glioma severity. The Drug Repurposing Encyclopedia (DRE) was used to screen for potential drugs based on the up- and downregulated hub genes, wherein the synthetic progestin hormones norgestimate and ethisterone were the top drug candidates. This shows the potential neuroprotective effect of progesterone against glioma due to its influence on EGFR expression and other signaling pathways. Aside from these, several experimental and approved drug candidates were also identified, which include an adrenergic receptor antagonist, a PPAR-γ receptor agonist, a CDK inhibitor, a sodium channel blocker, a bradykinin receptor antagonist, and a dopamine receptor agonist, which further highlights the gene network as a potential therapeutic avenue for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Orda
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines; (M.A.O.); (P.M.P.T.F.)
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines
| | - Peter Matthew Paul T. Fowler
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines; (M.A.O.); (P.M.P.T.F.)
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati City 1203, Philippines
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila City 1002, Philippines; (M.A.O.); (P.M.P.T.F.)
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati City 1203, Philippines
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16
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Richl T, Kuper J, Kisker C. G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2198-2211. [PMID: 38407356 PMCID: PMC10954472 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4s) DNA structures have been implicated in inducing genomic instability and contributing to cancer development. However, the relationship between G4s and cancer-related single nucleotide variants (cSNVs) in clinical settings remains unclear. In this large-scale study, we integrated experimentally validated G4s with genomic cSNVs from 13480 cancer patients to investigate the spatial association of G4s with the cellular cSNV landscape. Our findings demonstrate an increase in local genomic instability with increasing local G4 content in cancer patients, suggesting a potential role for G4s in driving cSNVs. Notably, we observed distinct spatial patterns of cSNVs and common single nucleotide variants (dbSNVs) in relation to G4s, implying different mechanisms for their generation and accumulation. We further demonstrate large, cancer-specific differences in the relationship of G4s and cSNVs, which could have important implications for a new class of G4-stabilizing cancer therapeutics. Moreover, we show that high G4-content can serve as a prognostic marker for local cSNV density and patient survival rates. Our findings underscore the importance of considering G4s in cancer research and highlight the need for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of G4-mediated genomic instability, especially in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Richl
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
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Zhao X, Singhal A, Park S, Kong J, Bachelder R, Ideker T. Cancer Mutations Converge on a Collection of Protein Assemblies to Predict Resistance to Replication Stress. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:508-523. [PMID: 38236062 PMCID: PMC10905674 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Rapid proliferation is a hallmark of cancer associated with sensitivity to therapeutics that cause DNA replication stress (RS). Many tumors exhibit drug resistance, however, via molecular pathways that are incompletely understood. Here, we develop an ensemble of predictive models that elucidate how cancer mutations impact the response to common RS-inducing (RSi) agents. The models implement recent advances in deep learning to facilitate multidrug prediction and mechanistic interpretation. Initial studies in tumor cells identify 41 molecular assemblies that integrate alterations in hundreds of genes for accurate drug response prediction. These cover roles in transcription, repair, cell-cycle checkpoints, and growth signaling, of which 30 are shown by loss-of-function genetic screens to regulate drug sensitivity or replication restart. The model translates to cisplatin-treated cervical cancer patients, highlighting an RTK-JAK-STAT assembly governing resistance. This study defines a compendium of mechanisms by which mutations affect therapeutic responses, with implications for precision medicine. SIGNIFICANCE Zhao and colleagues use recent advances in machine learning to study the effects of tumor mutations on the response to common therapeutics that cause RS. The resulting predictive models integrate numerous genetic alterations distributed across a constellation of molecular assemblies, facilitating a quantitative and interpretable assessment of drug response. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Akshat Singhal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sungjoon Park
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - JungHo Kong
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robin Bachelder
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Moores Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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To KKW, Huang Z, Zhang H, Ashby CR, Fu L. Utilizing non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to overcome multidrug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101058. [PMID: 38277757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, characterized by a decrease or abrogation of the efficacy of a wide spectrum of anticancer drugs that are structurally and mechanistically distinct. The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, notably ABCG2 and ABCB1, are one of the primary mediators of MDR in cancer cells, which promotes the efflux of certain chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells, thereby decreasing or abolishing their therapeutic efficacy. A number of studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a pivotal role in mediating the upregulation of ABC transporters in certain MDR cancer cells. This review will provide updated information about the induction of ABC transporters due to the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in cancer cells. We will also discuss the measurement and biological profile of circulating ncRNAs in various body fluids as potential biomarkers for predicting the response of cancer patients to chemotherapy. Sequence variations, such as alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at miRNA target sites, which may indicate the interaction of miRNA-mediated gene regulation with genetic variations to modulate the MDR phenotype, will be reviewed. Finally, we will highlight novel strategies that could be used to modulate ncRNAs and circumvent ABC transporter-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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19
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Kaur E, Agrawal R, Arun R, Madhavan V, Srivastava V, Kumar D, Rath PP, Kumar N, Vedagopuram S, Pandey N, Priya S, Legembre P, Gourinath S, Bajaj A, Sengupta S. Small molecules that disrupt RAD54-BLM interaction hamper tumor proliferation in colon cancer chemoresistance models. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e161941. [PMID: 38421735 PMCID: PMC11014671 DOI: 10.1172/jci161941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
RAD54 and BLM helicase play pivotal roles during homologous recombination repair (HRR) to ensure genome maintenance. BLM amino acids (aa 181-212) interact with RAD54 and enhance its chromatin remodeling activity. Functionally, this interaction heightens HRR, leading to a decrease in residual DNA damage in colon cancer cells. This contributes to chemoresistance in colon cancer cells against cisplatin, camptothecin, and oxaliplatin, eventually promoting tumorigenesis in preclinical colon cancer mouse models. ChIP-Seq analysis and validation revealed increased BLM and RAD54 corecruitment on the MRP2 promoter in camptothecin-resistant colon cancer cells, leading to BLM-dependent enhancement of RAD54-mediated chromatin remodeling. We screened the Prestwick small-molecule library, with the intent to revert camptothecin- and oxaliplatin-induced chemoresistance by disrupting the RAD54-BLM interaction. Three FDA/European Medicines Agency-approved candidates were identified that could disrupt this interaction. These drugs bound to RAD54, altered its conformation, and abrogated RAD54-BLM-dependent chromatin remodeling on G5E4 and MRP2 arrays. Notably, the small molecules also reduced HRR efficiency in resistant lines, diminished anchorage-independent growth, and hampered the proliferation of tumors generated using camptothecin- and oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cells in both xenograft and syngeneic mouse models in BLM-dependent manner. Therefore, the 3 identified small molecules can serve as possible viable candidates for adjunct therapy in colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekjot Kaur
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Agrawal
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Rimpy Arun
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Vinoth Madhavan
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Nitin Kumar
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Sreekanth Vedagopuram
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Nishant Pandey
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Swati Priya
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
| | - Patrick Legembre
- UMR CNRS 7276, INSERM U1262, CRIBL, Université Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Avinash Bajaj
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Immunology (BRIC-NII), New Delhi, India
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council—National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (BRIC-NIBMG), Kalyani, India
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20
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Dhanyamraju PK. Drug resistance mechanisms in cancers: Execution of pro-survival strategies. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:95-121. [PMID: 38413011 PMCID: PMC11001593 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the quintessential challenges in cancer treatment is drug resistance. Several mechanisms of drug resistance have been described to date, and new modes of drug resistance continue to be discovered. The phenomenon of cancer drug resistance is now widespread, with approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths associated with drug resistance. Despite significant advances in the drug discovery process, the emergence of innate and acquired mechanisms of drug resistance has impeded the progress in cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and the various pathways involved is integral to treatment modalities. In the present review, I discuss the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells, including DNA damage repair, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, inhibition of cell death, alteration of drug targets, inactivation of drugs, deregulation of cellular energetics, immune evasion, tumor-promoting inflammation, genome instability, and other contributing epigenetic factors. Furthermore, I highlight available treatment options and conclude with future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Fels Cancer Institute of Personalized Medicine, Lewis-Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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21
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Ma B, Li Q, Mi Y, Zhang J, Tan W, Guo Z. pH-responsive nanogels with enhanced antioxidant and antitumor activities on drug delivery and smart drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128590. [PMID: 38056756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive nanogels have played an increasingly momentous role in tumor treatment. The focus of this study is to design and develop pH-responsive benzimidazole-chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (BIMIXHAC) nanogels for the controlled release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) while enhancing its hydrophilicity. BIMIXHAC is crosslinked with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), hyaluronic acid sodium salt (HA), and sodium alginates (SA) using an ion crosslinking method. The chemical structure of chitosan derivatives was verified by 1H NMR and FT-IR techniques. Compared to hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC)-based nanogels, BIMIXHAC-based nanogels exhibit better drug encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity (BIMIXHAC-D-HA 91.76 %, and 32.23 %), with pH-responsive release profiles and accelerated release in vitro. The series of nanogels formed by crosslinking with three different polyanionic crosslinkers have different particle size potentials and antioxidant properties. BIMIXHAC-HA, BIMIXHAC-SA and BIMIXHAC-CMC demonstrate favorable antioxidant capability. In addition, cytotoxicity tests showed that BIMIXHAC-based nanogels have high biocompatibility. BIMIXHAC-based nanogels exhibit preferable anticancer effects on MCF-7 and A549 cells. Furthermore, the BIMIXHAC-D-HA nanogel was 2.62 times less toxic than DOX to L929 cells. These results suggest that BIMIXHAC-based nanogels can serve as pH-responsive nanoplatforms for the delivery of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingqi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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22
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Salomatina OV, Kornienko TE, Zakharenko AL, Komarova NI, Achara C, Reynisson J, Salakhutdinov NF, Lavrik OI, Volcho KP. New Dual Inhibitors of Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 and 2 Based on Deoxycholic Acid: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Molecular Modeling. Molecules 2024; 29:581. [PMID: 38338326 PMCID: PMC10856758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid derivatives containing various heterocyclic functional groups at C-3 on the steroid scaffold were designed and synthesized as promising dual tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 and 2 (TDP1 and TDP2) inhibitors, which are potential targets to potentiate topoisomerase poison antitumor therapy. The methyl esters of DCA derivatives with benzothiazole or benzimidazole moieties at C-3 demonstrated promising inhibitory activity in vitro against TDP1 with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Furthermore, methyl esters 4d-e, as well as their acid counterparts 3d-e, inhibited the phosphodiesterase activity of both TDP1 and TDP2. The combinations of compounds 3d-e and 4d-e with low-toxic concentrations of antitumor drugs topotecan and etoposide showed significantly greater cytotoxicity than the compounds alone. The docking of the derivatives into the binding sites of TDP1 and TDP2 predicted plausible binding modes of the DCA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana V. Salomatina
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.V.S.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Tatyana E. Kornienko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 8, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (T.E.K.); (A.L.Z.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Alexandra L. Zakharenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 8, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (T.E.K.); (A.L.Z.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Nina I. Komarova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.V.S.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Chigozie Achara
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (C.A.); (J.R.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.V.S.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, 8, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (T.E.K.); (A.L.Z.); (O.I.L.)
| | - Konstantin P. Volcho
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, SB RAS, 9, Lavrent’ev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (O.V.S.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
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23
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Dong Y, Ye S, Li H, Li J, Liu R, Zhu Y. The Role of SPEN Mutations as Predictive Biomarkers for Immunotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Analysis. J Pers Med 2024; 14:131. [PMID: 38392565 PMCID: PMC10890329 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths, and treatment, especially in the metastatic stage, is challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized CRC treatment, but response varies, emphasizing the need for effective biomarkers. This study explores SPEN mutations as potential biomarkers. METHODS Using data from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-Colorectal Cancer, this research applied bioinformatics tools and statistical analysis to SPEN (Split Ends) mutant and wild-type CRC patients treated with ICIs. Focus areas included mutation rates, immune cell infiltration, and DNA damage response pathways. RESULTS The SPEN mutation rate was found to be 13.8% (15/109 patients) in the MSKCC cohort and 6.65% (35/526 patients) in the TCGA cohort. Our findings indicate that CRC patients with SPEN mutations had a longer median overall survival (OS) than the wild-type group. These patients also had higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) scores, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. SPEN mutants also exhibited increased DNA damage response (DDR) pathway mutations and a greater presence of activated immune cells, like M1 macrophages and CD8+ T cells, while wild-type patients had more resting/suppressive immune cells. Furthermore, distinct mutation patterns, notably with TP53, indicated a unique molecular subtype in SPEN-mutated CRC. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SPEN mutations might improve ICI efficacy in CRC due to increased immunogenicity and an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. SPEN mutations could be predictive biomarkers for ICI responsiveness, underscoring their value in personalized therapy and highlighting the importance of genomic data in clinical decisions. This research lays the groundwork for future precision oncology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sisi Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Department of Nutrition, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rongrui Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanyun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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24
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Paz-Sabillón M, Montes-Castro N, Torres-Sánchez L, Del Razo LM, Córdova EJ, Quintanilla-Vega B. Decreased DNA repair capacity caused by exposure to metal mixtures is modulated by the PARP1 rs1136410 variant in newborns from a polluted metropolitan area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117631. [PMID: 37972809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage caused by exposure to metal mixtures and the potential modulating role of genes involved in DNA repair and the antioxidant response have not been evaluated in newborns. AIM The aim was to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and DNA repair capacity (DRC) in newborns from the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (MAMC), a heavily polluted area, and the impact of variants in genes involved in DNA repair and the antioxidant response on this association. METHODS We analyzed cord blood samples obtained at delivery from 125 healthy newborns from the MAMC. Twenty-four elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS), but only 12 (Cu, I, Se, Zn, As, Ba, Cs, Mn, Sb, Sr, Pb, and Ti) were quantified in most samples. DRC was assessed by the challenge-comet assay, and OGG1, PARP1, and NFE2L2 genotyping was performed with TaqMan probes. Metal mixtures were identified and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. Independent adjusted linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations. RESULTS A null DRC was observed in 46% of newborns. The metals with the highest concentrations were Mn, Sr, Ti, and Pb. Essential elements showed normal levels. Only the mixture characterized by increased As, Cs, Cu, Se, and Zn levels was inversely associated with DRC. As was the principal contributor (37.8%) in the negative direction in the DRC followed by Ba and Sb, according to the WQS regression. Newborns carrying of the derived (G) allele of the PARP1 rs1136410 variant showed decreased DRC by exposure to some potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (As, Cs, and Ba). CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures negatively affected DRC in newborns, and the PARP1 rs1136410 variant had a modulating role in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Paz-Sabillón
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav, Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - Nereida Montes-Castro
- Department of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the West, Culiacán Regional Unit, Lola Beltrán Blvd, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80020, Mexico
| | - Luisa Torres-Sánchez
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ave. Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62100, Mexico
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav, Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Córdova
- Oncogenomics Consortium Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Department of Clinic Research, Arenal Tepepan, Mexico City, 14610, Mexico
| | - Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Cinvestav, Ave. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, 07360, Mexico.
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25
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Essawy MM, Campbell C. Enzymatic Processing of DNA-Protein Crosslinks. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:85. [PMID: 38254974 PMCID: PMC10815813 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) represent a unique and complex form of DNA damage formed by covalent attachment of proteins to DNA. DPCs are formed through a variety of mechanisms and can significantly impede essential cellular processes such as transcription and replication. For this reason, anti-cancer drugs that form DPCs have proven effective in cancer therapy. While cells rely on numerous different processes to remove DPCs, the molecular mechanisms responsible for orchestrating these processes remain obscure. Having this insight could potentially be harnessed therapeutically to improve clinical outcomes in the battle against cancer. In this review, we describe the ways cells enzymatically process DPCs. These processing events include direct reversal of the DPC via hydrolysis, nuclease digestion of the DNA backbone to delete the DPC and surrounding DNA, proteolytic processing of the crosslinked protein, as well as covalent modification of the DNA-crosslinked proteins with ubiquitin, SUMO, and Poly(ADP) Ribose (PAR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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26
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Chatterjee D, Mou SI, Sultana T, Hosen MI, Faruk MO. Identification and validation of prognostic signature genes of bladder cancer by integrating methylation and transcriptomic analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:368. [PMID: 38172584 PMCID: PMC10764961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Being a frequent malignant tumor of the genitourinary system, Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (BLCA) has a poor prognosis. This study focused on identifying and validating prognostic biomarkers utilizing methylation, transcriptomics, and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma (TCGA BLCA) cohort. The impact of altered differentially methylated hallmark pathway genes was subjected to clustering analysis to observe changes in the transcriptional landscape on BLCA patients and identify two subtypes of patients from the TCGA BLCA population where Subtype 2 was associated with the worst prognosis with a p-value of 0.00032. Differential expression and enrichment analysis showed that subtype 2 was enriched in immune-responsive and cancer-progressive pathways, whereas subtype 1 was enriched in biosynthetic pathways. Following, regression and network analyses revealed Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), Fos-related antigen 1 (FOSL1), Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 (NFE2), ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4D (ARL4D), SH3 domain containing ring finger 2 (SH3RF2), and Cadherin 3 (CDH3) genes to be the most significant prognostic gene markers. These genes were used to construct a risk model that separated the BLCA patients into high and low-risk groups. The risk model was also validated in an external dataset by performing survival analysis between high and low-risk groups with a p-value < 0.001 and the result showed the high group was significantly associated with poor prognosis compared to the low group. Single-cell analyses revealed the elevated level of these genes in the tumor microenvironment and associated with immune response. High-grade patients also tend to have a high expression of these genes compared to low-grade patients. In conclusion, this research developed a six-gene signature that is pertinent to the prediction of overall survival (OS) and might contribute to the advancement of precision medicine in the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankor Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Islam Mou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ismail Hosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Omar Faruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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27
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Jafarinejad S, Martin WHC, Ras BA, Isreb M, Jacob B, Aziz A, Adoul Z, Lagnado R, Bowen RD, Najafzadeh M. The anticancer/cytotoxic effect of a novel gallic acid derivative in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and lung cancer patients. Biofactors 2024; 50:201-213. [PMID: 37768028 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol with a strong antioxidant capacity. GA stimulates the apoptosis of cancer cells, thereby suppressing cancer cell invasion. However, the low oral permeability of GA limits its therapeutic use. In order to enhance the antioxidant capacity and oral permeability of GA, a series of compounds analogous to GA were synthesized: 4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide (MBS), 3,4-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (DMBS) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzenesulfonamide (TMBS). In the new compounds, hydroxyl groups were replaced with various numbers of methoxy groups (stronger electron-donating groups), to increase hydrophobicity and oral permeability compared to GA. In addition, the carboxylic group was replaced with a sulfonyl group (a stronger electron-withdrawing group), to increase the molecular polarity and antioxidative activities of the compounds. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the effect of GA, MBS, DMBS, and TMBS on cell proliferation and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals and non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. Additionally, the comet assay was used to assess the genotoxicity of these compounds in PBMCs from healthy individuals, lung cancer patients, and A549 cells. Compared to untreated cells, TMBS reduced DNA damage more effectively than GA in PBMCs from lung cancer patients and healthy donors. Furthermore, in comparison to GA, TMBS was more cytotoxic in A549 cells. Moreover, TMBS was not cytotoxic in healthy PBMCs, suggesting that TMBS demonstrates therapeutic potential in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Jafarinejad
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - William H C Martin
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Bayan Abu Ras
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Mohammad Isreb
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Badie Jacob
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS. Foundation Trust, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Abid Aziz
- Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS. Foundation Trust, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Zahra Adoul
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Ruby Lagnado
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Richard D Bowen
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Mojgan Najafzadeh
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Jama M, Zhang M, Poile C, Nakas A, Sharkey A, Dzialo J, Dawson A, Kutywayo K, Fennell DA, Hollox EJ. Gene fusions during the early evolution of mesothelioma correlate with impaired DNA repair and Hippo pathways. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23189. [PMID: 37421230 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer a long latency period (up to 40 years) between asbestos exposure and disease presentation. The mechanisms coupling asbestos to recurrent somatic alterations are poorly defined. Gene fusions arising through genomic instability may create novel drivers during early MPM evolution. We explored the gene fusions that occurred early in the evolutionary history of the tumor. We conducted multiregional whole exome sequencing (WES) of 106 samples from 20 patients undergoing pleurectomy decortication and identified 24 clonal nonrecurrent gene fusions, three of which were novel (FMO9P-OR2W5, GBA3, and SP9). The number of early gene fusion events detected varied from zero to eight per tumor, and presence of gene fusions was associated with clonal losses involving the Hippo pathway genes and homologous recombination DNA repair genes. Fusions involved known tumor suppressors BAP1, MTAP, and LRP1B, and a clonal oncogenic fusion involving CACNA1D-ERC2, PARD3B-NT5DC2, and STAB2-NT5DC2 fusions were also identified as clonal fusions. Gene fusions events occur early during MPM evolution. Individual fusions are rare as no recurrent truncal fusions event were found. This suggests the importance of early disruption of these pathways in generating genomic rearrangements resulting in potentially oncogenic gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maymun Jama
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- Mesothelioma Research Programme, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Novogene Corpotation Ltd., Building 301, Beijing, China
| | - Charlotte Poile
- Mesothelioma Research Programme, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Apostolos Nakas
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Annabel Sharkey
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joanna Dzialo
- Mesothelioma Research Programme, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alan Dawson
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Kudazyi Kutywayo
- Mesothelioma Research Programme, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dean A Fennell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Mesothelioma Research Programme, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Edward J Hollox
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Ajmeera D, Ajumeera R. Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2024; 11:148-175. [PMID: 37588226 PMCID: PMC10425757 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer therapy. However, in most cases, it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete cure. Furthermore, chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects, one of the major complications of effective cancer therapy. In addition, newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to treatments. Novel strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer therapy. The prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources, time, and endurance to be brought into therapeutic use. The subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of available non-cancerous drugs. This concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse effects. Micronutrients have also been investigated for cancer therapy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availability in food sources. In this paper, we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity, with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer treatment. Further, drug repurposing and the combination of micronutrients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ajmeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Rajanna Ajumeera
- Cell Biology Department, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
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Liu F, Chen J, Li X, Liu R, Zhang Y, Gao C, Shi D. Advances in Development of Selective Antitumor Inhibitors That Target PARP-1. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16464-16483. [PMID: 38088333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to the lives and health of people around the world, and the development of effective antitumor drugs that exhibit fewer toxic effects is an important aspect of cancer treatment. PARP inhibitors are antitumor drugs that target pathways involved in DNA-damage repair. The currently approved PARP inhibitors include olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, talazoparib, fuzuloparib, and pamiparib. Hematological toxicities associated with the simultaneous inhibition of PARP-1 and PARP-2 have limited the clinical applications of these drugs. The present review introduces the necessity for research on the development of selective PARP-1 inhibitors from the perspective of structural and functional mechanisms of PARP-1 inhibition. A review of recently reported selective PARP-1 inhibitors provides the foundation for exploring novel strategies for designing selective PARP-1 inhibitors from the perspective of structure-activity relationships combined with computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jiashu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Chenxia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
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Lim M, Fletcher NL, Saunus JM, McCart Reed AE, Chittoory H, Simpson PT, Thurecht KJ, Lakhani SR. Targeted Hyperbranched Nanoparticles for Delivery of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6169-6183. [PMID: 37970806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BM) are associated with a dismal prognosis and very limited treatment options. Standard chemotherapy is challenging in BM patients because the high dosage required for an effective outcome causes unacceptable systemic toxicities, a consequence of poor brain penetration, and a short physiological half-life. Nanomedicines have the potential to circumvent off-target toxicities and factors limiting the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. The HER3 receptor is commonly expressed in breast cancer BM. Here, we investigate the use of hyperbranched polymers (HBP) functionalized with a HER3 bispecific-antibody fragment for cancer cell-specific targeting and pH-responsive release of doxorubicin (DOX) to selectively deliver and treat BM. We demonstrated that DOX-release from the HBP carrier was controlled, gradual, and greater in endosomal acidic conditions (pH 5.5) relative to physiologic pH (pH 7.4). We showed that the HER3-targeted HBP with DOX payload was HER3-specific and induced cytotoxicity in BT474 breast cancer cells (IC50: 17.6 μg/mL). Therapeutic testing in a BM mouse model showed that HER3-targeted HBP with DOX payload impacted tumor proliferation, reduced tumor size, and prolonged overall survival. HER3-targeted HBP level detected in ex vivo brain samples was 14-fold more than untargeted-HBP. The HBP treatments were well tolerated, with less cardiac and oocyte toxicity compared to free DOX. Taken together, our HER3-targeted HBP nanomedicine has the potential to deliver chemotherapy to BM while reducing chemotherapy-associated toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Lim
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jodi M Saunus
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Yoon S, Lee BK, Kim KP. Caffeine enhances chemosensitivity to irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155120. [PMID: 37806154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer. This disease arises from gene mutations and epigenetic alterations that transform colonic epithelial cells into colon adenocarcinoma cells, which display a unique gene expression pattern compared to normal cells. Specifically, CRC cells exhibit significantly higher expression levels of genes involved in DNA repair or replication, which is attributed to the accumulation of DNA breakage resulting from rapid cell cycle progression. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of caffeine on CRC cells and evaluate its impact on the sensitivity of these cells to irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor widely used for CRC treatment. METHODS Two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were treated with irinotecan and caffeine. Western blot analysis assessed protein expression levels in caffeine/irinotecan-treated CRC cells. Immunofluorescence staining determined protein localization, measured DNA breaks, and explored the effects of DNA damage reagents during cell cycle progression and flow cytometry analysis was used to measure cell viability. Fiber assays investigated DNA synthesis in DNA-damaged cells during S-phase, while the comet assay assessed DNA fragmentation caused by DNA breaks. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the combination of irinotecan and caffeine exhibits a synergistic effect in suppressing CRC cell proliferation and inducing cell death. Compared to treatment with only irinotecan or caffeine, the combined irinotecan and caffeine treatment was more effective in inducing DNA lesions by displacing RAD51 from DNA break sites and inhibiting DNA repair progression, leading to cell cycle arrest. This combination also resulted in more severe effects, including DNA fragmentation and mitotic catastrophe. CONCLUSION Caffeine could enhance the effectiveness of an existing drug for CRC treatment despite having little impact on the cell survival rate of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that the beneficial adjuvant effects of caffeine may not only be applicable to CRC but also to various other types of cancers at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University of Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator widely involved in essential cellular functions such as DNA repair. By clarifying the upstream and downstream links of NRF2 to DNA damage repair, we hope that attention will be drawn to the utilization of NRF2 as a target for cancer therapy. METHODS Query and summarize relevant literature on the role of NRF2 in direct repair, BER, NER, MMR, HR, and NHEJ in pubmed. Make pictures of Roles of NRF2 in DNA Damage Repair and tables of antioxidant response elements (AREs) of DNA repair genes. Analyze the mutation frequency of NFE2L2 in different types of cancer using cBioPortal online tools. By using TCGA, GTEx and GO databases, analyze the correlation between NFE2L2 mutations and DNA repair systems as well as the degree of changes in DNA repair systems as malignant tumors progress. RESULTS NRF2 plays roles in maintaining the integrity of the genome by repairing DNA damage, regulating the cell cycle, and acting as an antioxidant. And, it possibly plays roles in double stranded break (DSB) pathway selection following ionizing radiation (IR) damage. Whether pathways such as RNA modification, ncRNA, and protein post-translational modification affect the regulation of NRF2 on DNA repair is still to be determined. The overall mutation frequency of the NFE2L2 gene in esophageal carcinoma, lung cancer, and penile cancer is the highest. Genes (50 of 58) that are negatively correlated with clinical staging are positively correlated with NFE2L2 mutations or NFE2L2 expression levels. CONCLUSION NRF2 participates in a variety of DNA repair pathways and plays important roles in maintaining genome stability. NRF2 is a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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Ravindran F, Mhatre A, Koroth J, Narayan S, Choudhary B. Curcumin modulates cell type-specific miRNA networks to induce cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 334:122224. [PMID: 38084671 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To understand the epigenetic role of curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice Curcuma longa in inducing cytotoxicity in two molecularly distinct ovarian cancer cell lines: PA1 and A2780. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated mRNA-miRNA sequence analysis was performed to determine the curcumin-induced mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks in the induction of cytotoxicity. The miRNA-mRNA pathways, the miRNAs and their targets implicated in apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage, and stemness markers were validated. Gene/miRNA expressions were validated using qPCR and protein expressions by western blotting. Curcumin-induced oncogenic /tumor-suppressor miRNAs were profiled utilising the oncomiRdb database. Similarly, the expressions of oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes were profiled and correlated with the TCGA ovarian cancer dataset. A dual luciferase assay was performed to investigate the interaction of miR-199a-5p to its direct target, DDR1. KEY FINDINGS The expression of several miRNAs demonstrated an inverse correlation with their respective direct targets. In curcumin-treated PA1 cells, miR-335-5p target ATG5 (autophagic), and OCT4 (pluripotent gene) were downregulated, miR-32a target PTEN (tumor suppressor) was upregulated, miR-1285 target P53 (tumor suppressor) was upregulated, and both miR-182-5p and miR-503-3p target BCL2, were down-regulated. Contrastingly, in curcumin-treated A2780 cells, miR-181a-3p target ATG5, miR-30a-5p, and miR-216a target BECN1 (autophagic) were upregulated, and miR-129a-5p target BCL2 were downregulated. The reversal of the oncomiR/TSmiR profile revealed suppression of oncogenic processes by curcumin. Curcumin treatment induced a moderate cisplatin-sensitisation effect and impaired epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. Curcumin also regulated the miR-199a-5p/DDR1 axis with a decrease in collagen deposition. SIGNIFICANCE The activity of curcumin is cell-type specific. Distinct miRNA regulatory networks were activated to induce multiple modes of cellular cytotoxicity in these ovarian cancer cells. This study further highlights the molecular mechanism of curcumin action in ovarian cancers establishing its candidacy as a promising drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febina Ravindran
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Anisha Mhatre
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Jinsha Koroth
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Suchitra Narayan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic city phase 1, Bangalore, India.
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Youssef ASED, Zekri ARN, Mohanad M, Loutfy SA, Abdel Fattah NF, Elberry MH, El Leithy AA, El-Touny A, Rabie AS, Shalaby M, Hanafy A, Lotfy MM, El-Sisi ER, El-Sayyad GS, Nassar A. Deleterious and ethnic-related BRCA1/2 mutations in tissue and blood of Egyptian colorectal cancer patients and its correlation with human papillomavirus. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:5063-5088. [PMID: 37804357 PMCID: PMC10725364 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify BRCA1/2 mutational patterns in the tissue and blood of Egyptian colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to study the possible correlation of this mutational pattern with Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Eighty-two colonoscopic biopsies and forty-six blood samples were collected from Egyptian CRC patients, as well as blood samples of age and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 43) were enrolled. The libraries were performed using Qiaseq Human BRCA1 and BRCA2 targeted DNA panel and sequenced via Ion proton sequencer. Also, the CRC tissues were subjected to conventional PCR targeting the HPV Late 1 (L1) region. Our analysis revealed that the BRCA-DNA damage pathway had been altered in more than 65% of the CRC patients. Comparing tissue and blood samples from CRC patients, 25 somatic mutations were found exclusively in tissue, while 41 germline mutations were found exclusively in blood. Additionally, we identified 23 shared BRCA1/2 pathogenic (PVs) mutations in both blood and tissue samples, with a significantly higher frequency in blood samples compared to tissue samples. The most affected exon in BRCA1 was exon 10, while the most affected exons in BRCA2 were 11, 14, 18, 24, and 27 exons. Notably, we revealed an ethnic-related cluster of polymorphism variants in our population closely related to South Asian and African ethnicities. Novel PVs were identified and submitted to the ClinVar database. HPV was found in 23.8% of the CRC tissues, and 54% of HPV-positive cases had somatic BRCA1/2 PVs. The results of this research point to a possible connection between infection with HPV and BRCA1/2 mutations in the occurrence of colorectal cancer in the Egyptian population, which has a mixed ethnic background. Our data also indicate that liquid biopsy (blood samples) may be more representative than tissue samples for detecting BRCA1/2 mutations. These findings may have implications for cancer screening and the development of personalized, targeted therapies, such as PARP inhibitors, which can effectively target BRCA1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abdel Rahman N Zekri
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), El-Shorouk City, Suez Desert Road, P. O. Box 43, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasra F Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H Elberry
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa A El Leithy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Touny
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Samy Rabie
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shalaby
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Hanafy
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai M Lotfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas R El-Sisi
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Auhood Nassar
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Nickoloff JA, Jaiswal AS, Sharma N, Williamson EA, Tran MT, Arris D, Yang M, Hromas R. Cellular Responses to Widespread DNA Replication Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16903. [PMID: 38069223 PMCID: PMC10707325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Replicative DNA polymerases are blocked by nearly all types of DNA damage. The resulting DNA replication stress threatens genome stability. DNA replication stress is also caused by depletion of nucleotide pools, DNA polymerase inhibitors, and DNA sequences or structures that are difficult to replicate. Replication stress triggers complex cellular responses that include cell cycle arrest, replication fork collapse to one-ended DNA double-strand breaks, induction of DNA repair, and programmed cell death after excessive damage. Replication stress caused by specific structures (e.g., G-rich sequences that form G-quadruplexes) is localized but occurs during the S phase of every cell division. This review focuses on cellular responses to widespread stress such as that caused by random DNA damage, DNA polymerase inhibition/nucleotide pool depletion, and R-loops. Another form of global replication stress is seen in cancer cells and is termed oncogenic stress, reflecting dysregulated replication origin firing and/or replication fork progression. Replication stress responses are often dysregulated in cancer cells, and this too contributes to ongoing genome instability that can drive cancer progression. Nucleases play critical roles in replication stress responses, including MUS81, EEPD1, Metnase, CtIP, MRE11, EXO1, DNA2-BLM, SLX1-SLX4, XPF-ERCC1-SLX4, Artemis, XPG, FEN1, and TATDN2. Several of these nucleases cleave branched DNA structures at stressed replication forks to promote repair and restart of these forks. We recently defined roles for EEPD1 in restarting stressed replication forks after oxidative DNA damage, and for TATDN2 in mitigating replication stress caused by R-loop accumulation in BRCA1-defective cells. We also discuss how insights into biological responses to genome-wide replication stress can inform novel cancer treatment strategies that exploit synthetic lethal relationships among replication stress response factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jac A. Nickoloff
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aruna S. Jaiswal
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Williamson
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Manh T. Tran
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Dominic Arris
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine and the Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (A.S.J.); (M.T.T.); (R.H.)
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Solta A, Boettiger K, Kovács I, Lang C, Megyesfalvi Z, Ferk F, Mišík M, Hoetzenecker K, Aigner C, Kowol CR, Knasmueller S, Grusch M, Szeitz B, Rezeli M, Dome B, Schelch K. Entinostat Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer Through S-phase Arrest and Decreased Base Excision Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4644-4659. [PMID: 37725585 PMCID: PMC10644001 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquired chemoresistance is a frequent event in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one of the deadliest human malignancies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to synergize with different chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin. Accordingly, we aimed to investigate the dual targeting of HDAC inhibition and chemotherapy in SCLC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The efficacy of HDACi and chemotherapy in SCLC was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic drug interactions were calculated based on the HSA model (Combenefit software). Results from the proteomic analysis were confirmed via ICP-MS, cell-cycle analysis, and comet assays. RESULTS Single entinostat- or chemotherapy significantly reduced cell viability in human neuroendocrine SCLC cells. The combination of entinostat with either cisplatin, carboplatin, irinotecan, epirubicin, or etoposide led to strong synergy in a subset of resistant SCLC cells. Combination treatment with entinostat and cisplatin significantly decreased tumor growth in vivo. Proteomic analysis comparing the groups of SCLC cell lines with synergistic and additive response patterns indicated alterations in cell-cycle regulation and DNA damage repair. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that cells exhibiting synergistic drug responses displayed a shift from G1 to S-phase compared with cells showing additive features upon dual treatment. Comet assays demonstrated more DNA damage and decreased base excision repair in SCLC cells more responsive to combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we decipher the molecular processes behind synergistic interactions between chemotherapy and HDAC inhibition. Moreover, we report novel mechanisms to overcome drug resistance in SCLC, which may be relevant to increasing therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristiina Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildikó Kovács
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beáta Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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He H, Wang S, Zhang W, Gao S, Guan H, Zhou P. Downregulation of TAB182 promotes cancer stem-like cell properties and therapeutic resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1101. [PMID: 37953246 PMCID: PMC10642046 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TAB182 participates in DNA damage repair and radio-/chemosensitivity regulation in various tumors, but its role in tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer remains unclear. In the current paper, we observed that triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive type of breast cancer, exhibits a lower expression of TAB182. TAB182 knockdown stimulates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells. Our study first obtained RNA-seq data to explore the cellular functions mediated by TAB182 at the genome level in TNBC cells. A transcriptome analysis and in vitro experiments enabled us to identify that TAB182 downregulation drives the enhanced properties of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in TNBC cells. Furthermore, TAB182 deletion contributes to the resistance of cells to olaparib or cisplatin, which can be rescued by silencing GLI2, a gene downstream of cancer stemness-related signaling pathways. Our results reveal a novel function of TAB182 as a potential negative regulator of cancer stem-like properties and drug sensitivity in TNBC cells, suggesting that TAB182 may be a tumor suppressor gene and is associated with increased therapeutic benefits for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Guan
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Schuurs ZP, Martyn AP, Soltau CP, Beard S, Shah ET, Adams MN, Croft LV, O’Byrne KJ, Richard DJ, Gandhi NS. An Exploration of Small Molecules That Bind Human Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 1. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1405. [PMID: 37998004 PMCID: PMC10669474 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Human single-stranded DNA binding protein 1 (hSSB1) is critical to preserving genome stability, interacting with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) through an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide binding-fold. The depletion of hSSB1 in cell-line models leads to aberrant DNA repair and increased sensitivity to irradiation. hSSB1 is over-expressed in several types of cancers, suggesting that hSSB1 could be a novel therapeutic target in malignant disease. hSSB1 binding studies have focused on DNA; however, despite the availability of 3D structures, small molecules targeting hSSB1 have not been explored. Quinoline derivatives targeting hSSB1 were designed through a virtual fragment-based screening process, synthesizing them using AlphaLISA and EMSA to determine their affinity for hSSB1. In parallel, we further screened a structurally diverse compound library against hSSB1 using the same biochemical assays. Three compounds with nanomolar affinity for hSSB1 were identified, exhibiting cytotoxicity in an osteosarcoma cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify small molecules that modulate hSSB1 activity. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that three of the compounds that were tested bound to the ssDNA-binding site of hSSB1, providing a framework for the further elucidation of inhibition mechanisms. These data suggest that small molecules can disrupt the interaction between hSSB1 and ssDNA, and may also affect the ability of cells to repair DNA damage. This test study of small molecules holds the potential to provide insights into fundamental biochemical questions regarding the OB-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah P. Schuurs
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (Z.P.S.); (A.P.M.)
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Alexander P. Martyn
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (Z.P.S.); (A.P.M.)
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Carl P. Soltau
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Sam Beard
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
| | - Esha T. Shah
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mark N. Adams
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Laura V. Croft
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kenneth J. O’Byrne
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
- Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital—Metro South Health, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Derek J. Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; (Z.P.S.); (A.P.M.)
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; (S.B.); (M.N.A.); (L.V.C.); (K.J.O.); (D.J.R.)
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
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Perales-Linares R, Leli NM, Mohei H, Beghi S, Rivera OD, Kostopoulos N, Giglio A, George SS, Uribe-Herranz M, Costabile F, Pierini S, Pustylnikov S, Skoufos G, Barash Y, Hatzigeorgiou AG, Koumenis C, Maity A, Lotze MT, Facciabene A. Parkin Deficiency Suppresses Antigen Presentation to Promote Tumor Immune Evasion and Immunotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3562-3576. [PMID: 37578274 PMCID: PMC10618737 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which plays a key role in the development of Parkinson disease. Parkin defects also occur in numerous cancers, and a growing body of evidence indicates that Parkin functions as a tumor suppressor that impedes a number of cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we generated murine and human models that closely mimic the advanced-stage tumors where Parkin deficiencies are found to provide deeper insights into the tumor suppressive functions of Parkin. Loss of Parkin expression led to aggressive tumor growth, which was associated with poor tumor antigen presentation and limited antitumor CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation. The effect of Parkin deficiency on tumor growth was lost following depletion of CD8+ T cells. In line with previous findings, Parkin deficiency was linked with mitochondria-associated metabolic stress, PTEN degradation, and enhanced Akt activation. Increased Akt signaling led to dysregulation of antigen presentation, and treatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206-2HCl restored antigen presentation in Parkin-deficient tumors. Analysis of data from patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma indicated that Parkin expression was downregulated in tumors and that low expression correlated with reduced overall survival. Furthermore, low Parkin expression correlated with reduced patient response to immunotherapy. Overall, these results identify a role for Parkin deficiency in promoting tumor immune evasion that may explain the poor prognosis associated with loss of Parkin across multiple types of cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Parkin prevents immune evasion by regulating tumor antigen processing and presentation through the PTEN/Akt network, which has important implications for immunotherapy treatments in patients with Parkin-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Perales-Linares
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nektaria Maria Leli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hesham Mohei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Silvia Beghi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Osvaldo D. Rivera
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nektarios Kostopoulos
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Giglio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Subin S. George
- Penn Bioinformatics Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mireia Uribe-Herranz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stefano Pierini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergei Pustylnikov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgos Skoufos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly - Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Yoseph Barash
- Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Artemis G. Hatzigeorgiou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly - Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amit Maity
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Abbasi SF, Mahjabeen I, Parveen N, Qamar I, Haq MFU, Shafique R, Saeed N, Ashraf NS, Kayani MA. Exploring homologous recombination repair and base excision repair pathway genes for possible diagnostic markers in hematologic malignancies. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1527-1543. [PMID: 37861816 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) are a collection of malignant transformations, originating from the cells in the bone marrow and lymphoid organs. HMs comprise three main types; leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Globally, HMS accounts for approximately 10% of newly diagnosed cancer. DNA repair pathways defend the cells from recurrent DNA damage. Defective DNA repair mechanisms such as homologous recombination repair (HRR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and base excision repair (BER) pathways may lead to genomic instability, which initiates HM progression and carcinogenesis. Expression deregulation of HRR, NER, and BER has been investigated in various malignancies. However, no studies have been reported to assess the differential expression of selected DNA repair genes combinedly in HMs. The present study was designed to assess the differential expression of HRR and BER pathway genes including RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, APEX1, FEN1, PARP1, and XRCC1 in blood cancer patients to highlight their significance as diagnostic/ prognostic marker in hematological malignancies. The study cohort comprised of 210 blood cancer patients along with an equal number of controls. For expression analysis, q-RT PCR was performed. DNA damage was measured in blood cancer patients and controls using the comet assay and LORD Q-assay. Data analysis showed significant downregulation of selected genes in blood cancer patients compared to healthy controls. To check the diagnostic value of selected genes, the Area under curve (AUC) was calculated and 0.879 AUC was observed for RAD51 (p < 0.0001) and 0.830 (p < 0.0001) for APEX1. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that downregulation of RAD51 (p < 0.0001), XRCC3 (p < 0.02), and APEX1 (p < 0.0001) was found to be associated with a significant decrease in survival of blood cancer patients. Cox regression analysis showed that deregulation of RAD51 (p < 0.0001), XRCC2 (p < 0.02), XRCC3 (p < 0.003), and APEX1 (p < 0.00001) was found to be associated with the poor prognosis of blood cancer patients. Comet assay showed an increased number of comets in blood cancer patients compared to controls. These results are confirmed by performing the LORD q-assay and an increased frequency of lesions/Kb was observed in selected genes in cancer patients compared to controls. Our results showed significant downregulation of RAD51, XRCC2, XRCC3, APEX1, FEN1, PARP1, and XRCC1 genes with increased DNA damage in blood cancer patients. The findings of the current research suggested that deregulated expression of HRR and BER pathway genes can act as a diagnostic/prognostic marker in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Fida Abbasi
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Neelam Parveen
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imama Qamar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Fazal Ul Haq
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shafique
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Saeed
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Sarosh Ashraf
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Bhattacharya D, Mukhopadhyay M, Shivam K, Tripathy S, Patra R, Pramanik A. Recent developments in photodynamic therapy and its application against multidrug resistant cancers. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062005. [PMID: 37827172 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received a lot of attention for its potential use in cancer treatment. It enables the therapy of a multifocal disease with the least amount of tissue damage. The most widely used prodrug is 5-aminolevulinic acid, which undergoes heme pathway conversion to protoporphyrin IX, which acts as a photosensitizer (PS). Additionally, hematoporphyrin, bacteriochlorin, and phthalocyanine are also studied for their therapeutic potential in cancer. Unfortunately, not every patient who receives PDT experiences a full recovery. Resistance to different anticancer treatments is commonly observed. A few of the resistance mechanisms by which cancer cells escape therapeutics are genetic factors, drug-drug interactions, impaired DNA repair pathways, mutations related to inhibition of apoptosis, epigenetic pathways, etc. Recently, much research has been conducted to develop a new generation of PS based on nanomaterials that could be used to overcome cancer cells' multidrug resistance (MDR). Various metal-based, polymeric, lipidic nanoparticles (NPs), dendrimers, etc, have been utilized in the PDT application against cancer. This article discusses the detailed mechanism by which cancer cells evolve towards MDR as well as recent advances in PDT-based NPs for use against multidrug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700013, India
| | - Mainak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700109, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Satyajit Tripathy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
- Amity Institute of Allied Health Science, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
| | - Ranjan Patra
- Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201301, India
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Hosseini FS, Naghavi N, Sazgarnia A. A physicochemical model of X-ray induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) with an emphasis on tissue oxygen concentration and oxygenation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17882. [PMID: 37857727 PMCID: PMC10587104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
X-PDT is one of the novel cancer treatment approaches that uses high penetration X-ray radiation to activate photosensitizers (PSs) placed in deep seated tumors. After PS activation, some reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen (1O2) are produced that are very toxic for adjacent cells. Efficiency of X-PDT depends on 1O2 quantum yield as well as X-ray mortality rate. Despite many studies have been modeled X-PDT, little is known about the investigation of tissue oxygen content in treatment outcome. In the present study, we predicted X-PDT efficiency through a feedback of physiological parameters of tumor microenvironment includes tissue oxygen and oxygenation properties. The introduced physicochemical model of X-PDT estimates 1O2 production in a vascularized and non-vascularized tumor under different tissue oxygen levels to predict cell death probability in tumor and adjacent normal tissue. The results emphasized the importance of molecular oxygen and the presence of a vascular network in predicting X-PDT efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh S Hosseini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadia Naghavi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lapa BS, Costa MI, Figueiredo D, Jorge J, Alves R, Monteiro AR, Serambeque B, Laranjo M, Botelho MF, Carreira IM, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Gonçalves AC. AZD-7648, a DNA-PK Inhibitor, Induces DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Chronic and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15331. [PMID: 37895013 PMCID: PMC10607085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-homologous end joining pathway is vital for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) playing a critical role. Altered DNA damage response (DDR) in chronic (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) offers potential therapeutic opportunities. We studied the therapeutic potential of AZD-7648 (DNA-PK inhibitor) in CML and AML cell lines. This study used two CML (K-562 and LAMA-84) and five AML (HEL, HL-60, KG-1, NB-4, and THP-1) cell lines. DDR gene mutations were obtained from the COSMIC database. The copy number and methylation profile were evaluated using MS-MLPA and DDR genes, and telomere length using qPCR. p53 protein expression was assessed using Western Blot, chromosomal damage through cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, and γH2AX levels and DSB repair kinetics using flow cytometry. Cell density and viability were analyzed using trypan blue assay after treatment with AZD-7648 in concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 µM. Cell death, cell cycle distribution, and cell proliferation rate were assessed using flow cytometry. The cells displayed different DNA baseline damage, DDR gene expressions, mutations, genetic/epigenetic changes, and p53 expression. Only HEL cells displayed inefficient DSB repair. The LAMA-84, HEL, and KG-1 cells were the most sensitive to AZD-7648, whereas HL-60 and K-562 showed a lower effect on density and viability. Besides the reduction in cell proliferation, AZD-7648 induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage. In conclusion, these results suggest that AZD-7648 holds promise as a potential therapy for myeloid leukemias, however, with variations in drug sensitivity among tested cell lines, thus supporting further investigation to identify the specific factors influencing sensitivity to this DNA-PK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santos Lapa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Costa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Monteiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
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Koh Y, Kim H, Joo SY, Song S, Choi YH, Kim HR, Moon B, Byun J, Hong J, Shin DY, Park S, Lee KH, Lee KT, Lee JK, Park D, Lee SH, Jang JY, Lee H, Kim JA, Yoon SS, Park JK. Genetic assessment of pathogenic germline alterations in lysosomal genes among Asian patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:730. [PMID: 37848935 PMCID: PMC10580633 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomes are closely linked to autophagic activity, which plays a vital role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biology. The survival of PDAC patients is still poor, and the identification of novel genetic factors for prognosis and treatment is highly required to prevent PDAC-related deaths. This study investigated the germline variants related to lysosomal dysfunction in patients with PDAC and to analyze whether they contribute to the development of PDAC. METHODS The germline putative pathogenic variants (PPV) in genes involved in lysosomal storage disease (LSD) was compared between patients with PDAC (n = 418) and healthy controls (n = 845) using targeted panel and whole-exome sequencing. Furthermore, pancreatic organoids from wild-type and KrasG12D mice were used to evaluate the effect of lysosomal dysfunction on PDAC development. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed with established PDAC patient-derived organoids (PDOs) according to the PPV status. RESULTS The PPV in LSD-related genes was higher in patients with PDAC than in healthy controls (8.13 vs. 4.26%, Log2 OR = 1.65, P = 3.08 × 10-3). The PPV carriers of LSD-related genes with PDAC were significantly younger than the non-carriers (mean age 61.5 vs. 65.3 years, P = 0.031). We further studied a variant of the lysosomal enzyme, galactosylceramidase (GALC), which was the most frequently detected LSD variant in our cohort. Autophagolysosomal activity was hampered when GALC was downregulated, which was accompanied by paradoxically elevated autophagic flux. Furthermore, the number of proliferating Ki-67+ cells increased significantly in pancreatic organoids derived from Galc knockout KrasG12D mice. Moreover, GALC PPV carriers tended to show drug resistance in both PDAC cell line and PDAC PDO, and RNA-seq analysis revealed that various metabolism and gene repair pathways were upregulated in PDAC PDOs harboring a GALC variant. CONCLUSIONS Genetically defined lysosomal dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with young-onset PDAC. This might contribute to PDAC development by altering metabolism and impairing autophagolysosomal activity, which could be potentially implicated in therapeutic applications for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngil Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Joo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byul Moon
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jamin Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junshik Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Solip Park
- Structural Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kwang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daechan Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunsook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Kyung Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ünlü B, Pons C, Ho UL, Batté A, Aloy P, van Leeuwen J. Global analysis of suppressor mutations that rescue human genetic defects. Genome Med 2023; 15:78. [PMID: 37821946 PMCID: PMC10568808 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic suppression occurs when the deleterious effects of a primary "query" mutation, such as a disease-causing mutation, are rescued by a suppressor mutation elsewhere in the genome. METHODS To capture existing knowledge on suppression relationships between human genes, we examined 2,400 published papers for potential interactions identified through either genetic modification of cultured human cells or through association studies in patients. RESULTS The resulting network encompassed 476 unique suppression interactions covering a wide spectrum of diseases and biological functions. The interactions frequently linked genes that operate in the same biological process. Suppressors were strongly enriched for genes with a role in stress response or signaling, suggesting that deleterious mutations can often be buffered by modulating signaling cascades or immune responses. Suppressor mutations tended to be deleterious when they occurred in absence of the query mutation, in apparent contrast with their protective role in the presence of the query. We formulated and quantified mechanisms of genetic suppression that could explain 71% of interactions and provided mechanistic insight into disease pathology. Finally, we used these observations to predict suppressor genes in the human genome. CONCLUSIONS The global suppression network allowed us to define principles of genetic suppression that were conserved across diseases, model systems, and species. The emerging frequency of suppression interactions among human genes and range of underlying mechanisms, together with the prevalence of suppression in model organisms, suggest that compensatory mutations may exist for most genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Ünlü
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carles Pons
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Uyen Linh Ho
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Batté
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jolanda van Leeuwen
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Guo J, Xiong Z, Yin S, Wen Y, Jin L, Wang C, Chen H, Luo D, Deng Z, Huang D, Li X, Yi B, Mao C, Lian L. Elderly patients with stage II gastric cancer do not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:319. [PMID: 37821872 PMCID: PMC10566074 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the aging of the population, the burden of elderly gastric cancer (EGC) increases worldwide. However, there is no consensus on the definition of EGC and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II EGC. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in defined EGC patients. METHODS We enrolled 5762 gastric cancer patients of three independent cohorts from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (local), the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG). The optimal age cutoff for EGC was determined using the K-adaptive partitioning algorithm. The defined EGC group and the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for them were confirmed by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. Furthermore, gene set variation analyses (GSVA) were performed to reveal pathway enrichment between groups. RESULTS The optimal age partition value for EGC patients was 75. In the local, SEER, and ACRG cohorts, the EGC group exhibited significantly worse overall survival and cancer-specific survival than the non-EGC group (P < 0.05) and was an independent risk factor. Stratified analyses based on chemotherapy showed that EGC patients derived little benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Furthermore, GSVA analysis revealed the activation of DNA repair-related pathways and downregulation of the p53 pathway, which may partially contribute to the observed findings. CONCLUSION In this retrospective, international multi-center study, 75 years old was identified as the optimal age cutoff for EGC definition, and adjuvant chemotherapy proved to be unbeneficial for stage II EGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhong Xiong
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Yin
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue'e Wen
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longyang Jin
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandong Luo
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Deng
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dayin Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhe Li
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biying Yi
- Follow-up office of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China
| | - Chaobin Mao
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of General Surgery (Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Beddok A, Lim R, Thariat J, Shih HA, El Fakhri G. A Comprehensive Primer on Radiation Oncology for Non-Radiation Oncologists. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4906. [PMID: 37894273 PMCID: PMC10605284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Multidisciplinary management is crucial in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Multidisciplinary teams include specialists in surgery, medical therapies, and radiation therapy (RT), each playing unique roles in oncology care. One significant aspect is RT, guided by radiation oncologists (ROs). This paper serves as a detailed primer for non-oncologists, medical students, or non-clinical investigators, educating them on contemporary RT practices. Methods: This report follows the process of RT planning and execution. Starting from the decision-making in multidisciplinary teams to the completion of RT and subsequent patient follow-up, it aims to offer non-oncologists an understanding of the RO's work in a comprehensive manner. Results: The first step in RT is a planning session that includes obtaining a CT scan of the area to be treated, known as the CT simulation. The patients are imaged in the exact position in which they will receive treatment. The second step, which is the primary source of uncertainty, involves the delineation of treatment targets and organs at risk (OAR). The objective is to ensure precise irradiation of the target volume while sparing the OARs as much as possible. Various radiation modalities, such as external beam therapy with electrons, photons, or particles (including protons and carbon ions), as well as brachytherapy, are utilized. Within these modalities, several techniques, such as three-dimensional conformal RT, intensity-modulated RT, volumetric modulated arc therapy, scattering beam proton therapy, and intensity-modulated proton therapy, are employed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes. The RT plan development is an iterative process involving medical physicists, dosimetrists, and ROs. The complexity and time required vary, ranging from an hour to a week. Once approved, RT begins, with image-guided RT being standard practice for patient alignment. The RO manages acute toxicities during treatment and prepares a summary upon completion. There is a considerable variance in practices, with some ROs offering lifelong follow-up and managing potential late effects of treatment. Conclusions: Comprehension of RT clinical effects by non-oncologists providers significantly elevates long-term patient care quality. Hence, educating non-oncologists enhances care for RT patients, underlining this report's importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Beddok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Godinot, 51100 Reims, France
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ruth Lim
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François-Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Helen A. Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Fatemi MY, Lu Y, Sharma C, Feng E, Azher ZL, Diallo AB, Srinivasan G, Rosner GM, Pointer KB, Christensen BC, Salas LA, Tsongalis GJ, Palisoul SM, Perreard L, Kolling FW, Vaickus LJ, Levy JJ. Feasibility of Inferring Spatial Transcriptomics from Single-Cell Histological Patterns for Studying Colon Cancer Tumor Heterogeneity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.09.23296701. [PMID: 37873186 PMCID: PMC10593064 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.23296701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Spatial transcriptomics involves studying the spatial organization of gene expression within tissues, offering insights into the molecular diversity of tumors. While spatial gene expression is commonly amalgamated from 1-10 cells across 50-micron spots, recent methods have demonstrated the capability to disaggregate this information at subspot resolution by leveraging both expression and histological patterns. However, elucidating such information from histology alone presents a significant challenge but if solved can better permit spatial molecular analysis at cellular resolution for instances where Visium data is not available, reducing study costs. This study explores integrating single-cell histological and transcriptomic data to infer spatial mRNA expression patterns in whole slide images collected from a cohort of stage pT3 colorectal cancer patients. A cell graph neural network algorithm was developed to align histological information extracted from detected cells with single cell RNA patterns through optimal transport methods, facilitating the analysis of cellular groupings and gene relationships. This approach leveraged spot-level expression as an intermediary to co-map histological and transcriptomic information at the single-cell level. Results Our study demonstrated that single-cell transcriptional heterogeneity within a spot could be predicted from histological markers extracted from cells detected within a spot. Furthermore, our model exhibited proficiency in delineating overarching gene expression patterns across whole-slide images. This approach compared favorably to traditional patch-based computer vision methods as well as other methods which did not incorporate single cell expression during the model fitting procedures. Topological nuances of single-cell expression within a Visium spot were preserved using the developed methodology. Conclusion This innovative approach augments the resolution of spatial molecular assays utilizing histology as a sole input through synergistic co-mapping of histological and transcriptomic datasets at the single-cell level, anchored by spatial transcriptomics. While initial results are promising, they warrant rigorous validation. This includes collaborating with pathologists for precise spatial identification of distinct cell types and utilizing sophisticated assays, such as Xenium, to attain deeper subcellular insights.
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Ye Q, Zhou X, Ren H, Han F, Lin R, Li J. An overview of the past decade of bufalin in the treatment of refractory and drug-resistant cancers: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1274336. [PMID: 37860119 PMCID: PMC10582727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1274336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Profound progress has been made in cancer treatment in the past three decades. However, drug resistance remains prevalent and a critical challenge. Drug resistance can be attributed to oncogenes mutations, activated defensive mechanisms, ATP-bind cassette transporters overexpression, cancer stem cells, etc. Chinese traditional medicine toad venom has been used for centuries for different diseases, including resistant cancers. Bufalin is one of the bufadienolides in toad venom that has been extensively studied for its potential in refractory and drug-resistant cancer treatments in vitro and in vivo. In this work, we would like to critically review the progress made in the past decade (2013-2022) of bufalin in overcoming drug resistance in cancers. Generally, bufalin shows high potential in killing certain refractory and resistant cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. More importantly, bufalin can work as a chemo-sensitizer that enhances the sensitivity of certain conventional and targeted therapies at low concentrations. In addition, the development of bufalin derivatives was also briefly summarized and discussed. We also analyzed the obstacles and challenges and provided possible solutions for future perspectives. We hope that the collective information may help evoke more effort for more in-depth studies and evaluation of bufalin in both lab and possible clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Ye
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province & Affiliated Dermatology Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Han Ren
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fangxuan Han
- Hainan General Hospital & Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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