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Alhamdi HW, Anazi HK, Mokhtar FA, Elhawary SS, Elbehairi SEI, Alfaifi MY, Shati AA, Fahmy LI, Elekhnawy E, Hassan A, Negm WA, Fahmy SA, Selim N. Panicum maximum Jacq. mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and biological activities supported by molecular docking. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:411-425. [PMID: 39193730 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2024.2395811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study uses the aerial parts of Panicum maximum total extract (PMTE) to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in an environmentally friendly manner. TEM, SEM, FTIR, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential, UV, and FTIR were used to characterize the green silver nanoparticles (PM-AgNPs). PM-AgNPs were evaluated as anticancer agents compared to (PMTE) against breast (MCF-7), lung (A549), and ovary adenocarcinoma (SKOV3) human tumour cells. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The PM-AgNPs had an absorbance of 418 nm, particle size of 15.18 nm, and zeta potential of -22.4 mV, ensuring the nanosilver's stability. XRD evaluated the crystallography nature of the formed PM-AgNPs. The cytotoxic properties of PM-AgNPs on MCF-7 and SKOV 3 were the strongest, with IC50s of 0.13 ± 0.015 and 3.5 ± 0.5 g/ml, respectively, as compared to A549 (13 ± 3.2 µg/mL). The increase in the apoptotic cells was 97.79 ± 1.61 and 96.6 ± 1.91% for MCF-7 and SKOV3 cell lines, respectively. PM-AgNPs were found to affect the membrane integrity and membrane permeability of 50 and 43.75% of the tested isolates, respectively. Also, PM-AgNPs have recorded a reduction in the biofilm formation of S. aurues. These results suggest using PM-AgNPs to treat breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba W Alhamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Khalaf Anazi
- Department of Biology, Collage of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Fujairah Research Centre, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Seham S Elhawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Serag Eldin I Elbehairi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Tissue Culture and Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Tissue Culture and Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Shati
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa I Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Afnan Hassan
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabil Selim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Boukandou Mounanga MM, Mezui A, Mewono L, Mogangué JB, Aboughe Angone S. Medicinal plants used in Gabon for prophylaxis and treatment against COVID-19-related symptoms: an ethnobotanical survey. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1393636. [PMID: 39035990 PMCID: PMC11258373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Gabon faced COVID-19 with more than 49,000 individuals tested positive and 307 recorded fatalities since the first reported case in 2020. A popular hypothesis is that the low rate of cases and deaths in the country was attributed to the use of medicinal plants in prevention and treatment. This study aimed to document the plants used for remedial and preventive therapies by the Gabonese population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to pinpoint specific potential plant species that merit further investigation. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey involving 97 participants was conducted in Libreville. Traditional healers and medicinal plant vendors were interviewed orally using a semi-structured questionnaire sheet, while the general population responded to an online questionnaire format. Various quantitative indexes were calculated from the collected data and included the relative frequency of citation (RFC), use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), relative importance (RI), and popular therapeutic use value (POPUT). One-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test were used for statistical analyses. p-values ≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: The survey identified 63 plant species belonging to 35 families. Prevalent symptoms treated included fever (18%), cough (16%), fatigue (13%), and cold (12%). The demographic data highlighted that 52.58% of male subjects (p > 0.94) aged 31-44 years were enrolled in the survey, of which 48.45% (p < 0.0001) and 74.73% (p < 0.99) of informants had university-level education. In addition, the results indicated that a total of 66% of the informants used medicinal plants for prophylaxis (34%), for both prevention and treatment (26%), exclusively for treatment (3%), and only for prevention (3%) while suffering from COVID-19, against 34% of the participants who did not use plants for prevention or treatment. Annickia chlorantha, Citrus sp., Alstonia congensis, Zingiber officinale, and Carica papaya emerged as the most commonly cited plants with the highest RFC (0.15-0.26), UV (0.47-0.75), and RI (35.72-45.46) values. Most of these plants were used either individually or in combination with others. Conclusion: The survey reinforces the use of traditional medicine as a method to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms, thereby advocating for the utilization of medicinal plants in managing coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlaine Michel Boukandou Mounanga
- Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionnelle (IPHAMETRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Annais Mezui
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère- Enfant, Fondation Jeanne EBORI, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Ludovic Mewono
- Groupe de Recherche en Immunologie 2, Microbiologie appliquée, Hygiène et Physiologie, Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre-Ecole Normale Supérieure, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Jean Bertrand Mogangué
- Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionnelle (IPHAMETRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Sophie Aboughe Angone
- Institut de Pharmacopée et de Médecine Traditionnelle (IPHAMETRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon
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Dhanabalan S, Muthusamy K, Iruthayasamy J, Kumaresan PV, Ravikumar C, Kandasamy R, Natesan S, Periyannan S. Unleashing Bacillus species as versatile antagonists: Harnessing the biocontrol potentials of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to combat Macrophomina phaseolina infection in Gloriosa superba. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127678. [PMID: 38503218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most devastating diseases that cause severe yield loss in Gloriosa superba cultivation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are extensively harnessed as biocontrol agents due to their effectiveness in combating a wide array of plant pathogens through a multifaceted approach. The present study delved into the mechanisms underlying its ability to inhibit root rot pathogen and its capacity to promote plant growth in G. superba, commonly known as glory lily. PGPR isolated from the rhizosphere of glory lily were subjected to in vitro assessments using the dual plate technique. The isolated Bacillus subtilis BGS-10 and B. velezensis BGS-21 showed higher mycelial inhibition (61%) against M. phaseolina. These strains also promote plant growth by producing indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, ammonia, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, xylanase, and lipase chemicals. Genome screening of BGS-10 and BGS-21 revealed the presence of antimicrobial peptide genes such as Iturin (ituD gene), surfactin (srfA and sfp genes) along with the mycolytic enzyme β-1,3-glucanase. Further, the presence of secondary metabolites in the bacterial secretome was identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Notably, pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl), 9 H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole and L-leucyl-D-leucine exhibited the highest docking score against enzymes responsible for pathogen growth and plant cell wall degradation. Under glasshouse conditions, tuber treatment and soil application of talc-based formulation of B. subtilis BGS-10 and B. velezensis BGS-21 suppress the root rot incidence with a minimal disease incidence of 27.78% over untreated control. Concurrently, there was a notable induction of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), in glory lily. Therefore, it can be concluded that plant growth-promoting Bacillus strains play a significant role in fortifying the plant's defense mechanisms against the root rot pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugapriya Dhanabalan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - Karthikeyan Muthusamy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India; Centre for Crop Health, School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
| | - Johnson Iruthayasamy
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - Parthiban V Kumaresan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - Caroline Ravikumar
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - Rajamani Kandasamy
- Department of Floriculture and Landscape, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - Senthil Natesan
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - Sambasivam Periyannan
- Centre for Crop Health, School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
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Kmail A. Mitigating digestive disorders: Action mechanisms of Mediterranean herbal active compounds. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220857. [PMID: 38645751 PMCID: PMC11032100 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet, herbal remedies, and their phytochemicals on various gastrointestinal conditions and reviews the global use of medicinal plants for common digestive problems. The review highlights key plants and their mechanisms of action and summarizes the latest findings on how plant-based products influence the digestive system and how they work. We searched various sources of literature and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus. Our focus was on gathering relevant papers published between 2013 and August 2023. Certain plants exhibit potential in preventing or treating digestive diseases and cancers. Notable examples include Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Cynodon dactylon, and Vaccinium myrtillus. The phytochemical analysis of the plants showed that compounds such as quercetin, anthocyanins, curcumin, phenolics, isoflavones glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins constitute the main active substances within these plants. These natural remedies have the potential to enhance the digestive system and alleviate pain and discomfort in patients. However, further research is imperative to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and safety of herbal medicines to use their active ingredients for the development of natural and effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalsalam Kmail
- Faculty of Sciences, Arab American University Jenin, P. O. Box 240, Jenin, Palestine
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Rani JMS, Akkarshana P, Neelaveni V, Mohan S, Rekha PD, Rao RM, Muthulakshmi L. Evaluation of the inhibitory potential of bioactive compounds against SARS-CoV-2 by in silico approach. J Mol Model 2024; 30:60. [PMID: 38321299 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) pandemic brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has stimulated the exploration of various available chemical compounds that could be used to treat the infection. This has driven numerous researchers to investigate the antiviral potential of several bioactive compounds from medicinal plants due to their reduced adverse effects compared to chemicals. Some of the bioactive compounds used in folklore treatment strategies are reported as effective inhibitors against the proliferative and infective cycles of SARS-CoV-2. The secondary metabolites from plants are generally used to treat various diseases due to their intact medicinal properties. The present study analyzes the inhibitory potential of phytochemicals from medicinal plants like Sphaeranthus indicus, Lantana camara, and Nelumbo nucifera against SARS-CoV-2 by molecular docking. METHODS Ten druggable protein targets from SARS-CoV-2 are docked against the phytochemicals from the selected medicinal plants. The phytocompounds astragalin, isoquercetin, and 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-c-glycosy flavone were found to have lower binding energy depicting their inhibitive potential compared with the reported inhibitors that are used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The phytocompounds found to have the least binding energy were selected for further analyses. To assess the compounds' potential as drugs, their ADMET characteristics were also examined. Sphaeranthus indicus, Lantana camara, and Nelumbo nucifera six possible compounds were separately screened for ADME and toxicity characteristics; then, the results were analyzed. To assess the impact of the phytocompound binding on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 ribonuclease protein NSP15, microsecond-level all atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed, and their dynamics were analyzed. Microsecond-level molecular dynamics simulations of both the ligands complexed with NSP15 revealed that the ligand induces allosteric effects on NSP15, which could lead to destabilization of NSP15 hexameric interface and loss of RNA binding. The low binding energy exhibited by the phytochemicals from Lantana camera, Sphaeranthus indicus, and Nelumbo nucifera against the protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 showed inhibitory potential by the selected molecules. Their predicted interference of the enzymes involved in the molecular mechanisms aiding the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 indicated the inhibitive ability of the phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mariya Sneha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomaterials and Product Development Laboratory, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, India
| | - P Akkarshana
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomaterials and Product Development Laboratory, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, India
| | - V Neelaveni
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomaterials and Product Development Laboratory, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, India
| | - Shalini Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomaterials and Product Development Laboratory, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, India
| | - P D Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Rajas M Rao
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Lakshmanan Muthulakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomaterials and Product Development Laboratory, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, 626126, India.
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Cyril AC, Ali NM, Nelliyulla Parambath A, Vazhappilly CG, Jan RK, Karuvantevida N, Aburamadan H, Lozon Y, Radhakrishnan R. Nigella sativa and its chemical constituents: pre-clinical and clinical evidence for their potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:273-285. [PMID: 37966624 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused over 500 million reported cases of COVID-19 worldwide with relatively high morbidity and mortality. Although global vaccination drive has helped control the pandemic, the newer variant of the virus still holds the world in ransom. Several medicinal herbs with antiviral properties have been reported, and one such promising herb is Nigella sativa (NS). Recent molecular docking, pre-clinical, and clinical studies have shown that NS extracts may have the potential to prevent the entry of coronaviruses into the host cell as well as to treat and manage COVID-19 symptoms. Several active compounds from NS, such as nigelledine, α-hederin, dithymoquinone (DTQ), and thymoquinone (TQ), have been proposed as excellent ligands to target angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2 receptors) and other targets on host cells as well as the spike protein (S protein) on SARS-CoV-2. By binding to these target proteins, these ligands could potentially prevent the binding between ACE2 and S protein. Though several articles have been published on the promising therapeutic role of NS and its constituents against SARS-CoV-2 infection, in this review, we consolidate the published information on NS and SARS-CoV-2, focusing on pre-clinical in silico studies as well as clinical trials reported between 2012 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Caroline Cyril
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Najma Mohamed Ali
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anagha Nelliyulla Parambath
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Department of Biotechnology, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reem Kais Jan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haneen Aburamadan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yosra Lozon
- Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajan Radhakrishnan
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Baek IC, Choi EJ, Kim HJ, Choi H, Shin HS, Lim DG, Kim TG. Association of KIR Genes with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in South Koreans. J Clin Med 2024; 13:258. [PMID: 38202265 PMCID: PMC10779705 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a lower respiratory tract disease caused by a beta coronavirus (CoV) called MERS-CoV, characterized by a high mortality rate. We aimed to evaluate the association between genetic variation in killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and the risk of MERS in South Koreans. METHODS KIR genes were genotyped by multiplex polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). A case-control study was performed to identify the odds ratios (OR) of KIR genes for MERS and the association of KIR genes and their ligands, human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genes. RESULTS KIR2DS4D and KIR3DP1F showed higher frequencies in the group of all patients infected with MERS-CoV than in the control group (p = 0.023, OR = 2.4; p = 0.039, OR = 2.7). KIR2DL1, KIR2DP1, and KIR3DP1D were significantly associated with moderate/mild (Mo/Mi) cases. KIR2DL2, KIR2DS1, and KIR3DP1F were affected in severe cases. When we investigated the association between KIR genes and their ligands in MERS patient and control groups, KIR3DL1+/Bw4(80I)+, KIR3DL1+/Bw6+, KIR3DL1+/Bw6-, KIR2DS1+/C2+, and KIR3DS+/Bw4(80I)+ were associated with MERS. KIR3DL1+/Bw6- was found in Mo/Mi cases. KIR2DS1+/C2+ and KIR2DS2+/C1+ were found in severe cases. CONCLUSION Further investigations are needed to prove the various immune responses of MERS-CoV-infected cells according to variations in the KIR gene and ligand gene. A treatment strategy based on current research on the KIR gene and MERS-CoV will suggest potential treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Cheol Baek
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hyoung-Jae Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Haeyoun Choi
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Shik Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Gyun Lim
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Public Health, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (I.-C.B.); (E.-J.C.); (H.-J.K.); (H.C.)
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Scheim DE, Vottero P, Santin AD, Hirsh AG. Sialylated Glycan Bindings from SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Blood and Endothelial Cells Govern the Severe Morbidities of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17039. [PMID: 38069362 PMCID: PMC10871123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent with well-established biochemical properties of coronaviruses, sialylated glycan attachments between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) and host cells are key to the virus's pathology. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches to and aggregates red blood cells (RBCs), as shown in many pre-clinical and clinical studies, causing pulmonary and extrapulmonary microthrombi and hypoxia in severe COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 SP attachments to the heavily sialylated surfaces of platelets (which, like RBCs, have no ACE2) and endothelial cells (having minimal ACE2) compound this vascular damage. Notably, experimentally induced RBC aggregation in vivo causes the same key morbidities as for severe COVID-19, including microvascular occlusion, blood clots, hypoxia and myocarditis. Key risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity, including older age, diabetes and obesity, are all characterized by markedly increased propensity to RBC clumping. For mammalian species, the degree of clinical susceptibility to COVID-19 correlates to RBC aggregability with p = 0.033. Notably, of the five human betacoronaviruses, the two common cold strains express an enzyme that releases glycan attachments, while the deadly SARS, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS do not, although viral loads for COVID-19 and the two common cold infections are similar. These biochemical insights also explain the previously puzzling clinical efficacy of certain generics against COVID-19 and may support the development of future therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 and long COVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Scheim
- US Public Health Service, Commissioned Corps, Inactive Reserve, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Paola Vottero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Saleh A, Abdelkader DH, El-Masry TA, Eliwa D, Alotaibi B, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E. Antiviral and antibacterial potential of electrosprayed PVA/PLGA nanoparticles loaded with chlorogenic acid for the management of coronavirus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:255-267. [PMID: 37154794 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2207606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The current paper aims to treat this respiratory disorder. Therefore, we elucidated the phytochemical profile of Euphorbia milii flowers and isolated chlorogenic acid (CGA) for the first time. The electrospraying technique was utilized to prepare CGA nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/PLGA polymeric matrix. Complete in vitro characterizations were performed to determine particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, loading efficiency (LE), scanning electron microscopy and in vitro release study. The optimum formula (F2) with a particle size (454.36 ± 36.74 nm), a surface charge (-4.56 ± 0.84 mV), % of LE (80.23 ± 5.74), an initial burst (29.46 ± 4.79) and % cumulative release (97.42 ± 4.72) were chosen for further activities. In the murine lung infection model, PVA/PLGA NPs loaded with CGA (F2) demonstrated in vivo antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a plaque assay, the in vitro antiviral activity was investigated. The F2 exhibited antiviral activity against coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), NRCEHKU270). The IC50 of F2 against HCoV-229E and MERS-CoV was 170 ± 1.1 and 223 ± 0.88 µg/mL, respectively. The values of IC50 of F2 were significantly lower (p < .05) than that of free CGA. Therefore, the encapsulation of CGA into electrospray PVA/PLGA NPs would be a promising tool as an antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia H Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Duaa Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Wang Y, Shen M, Li Y, Shao J, Zhang F, Guo M, Zhang Z, Zheng S. COVID-19-associated liver injury: Adding fuel to the flame. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1076-1092. [PMID: 37947373 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is mainly characterized by respiratory disorders and progresses to multiple organ involvement in severe cases. With expansion of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 research, correlative liver injury has been revealed. It is speculated that COVID-19 patients exhibited abnormal liver function, as previously observed in the SARS and MERS pandemics. Furthermore, patients with underlying diseases such as chronic liver disease are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and indicate a poor prognosis accompanied by respiratory symptoms, systemic inflammation, or metabolic diseases. Therefore, COVID-19 has the potential to impair liver function, while individuals with preexisting liver disease suffer from much worse infected conditions. COVID-19 related liver injury may be owing to direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, gut-liver axis interaction, and inappropriate medication use. However, discussions on these issues are infancy. Expanding research have revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression mediated the combination of virus and target cells, iron metabolism participated in the virus life cycle and the fate of target cells, and amino acid metabolism regulated immune response in the host cells, which are all closely related to liver health. Further exploration holds great significance in elucidating the pathogenesis, facilitating drug development, and advancing clinical treatment of COVID-19-related liver injury. This article provides a review of the clinical and laboratory hepatic characteristics in COVID-19 patients, describes the etiology and impact of liver injury, and discusses potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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11
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Singh SK, Shrivastava S, Mishra AK, Kumar D, Pandey VK, Srivastava P, Pradhan B, Behera BC, Bahuguna A, Baek KH. Friedelin: Structure, Biosynthesis, Extraction, and Its Potential Health Impact. Molecules 2023; 28:7760. [PMID: 38067489 PMCID: PMC10707989 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies are investigating more source matrices for natural bioactive chemicals. Friedelin (friedelan-3-one) is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from various plant species from different families as well as mosses and lichen. The fundamental compounds of these friedelane triterpenoids are abundantly found in cork tissues and leaf materials of diverse plant genera such as Celastraceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Myrtaceae. They possess many pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Friedelin also has an anti-insect effect and the ability to alter the soil microbial ecology, making it vital to agriculture. Ultrasound, microwave, supercritical fluid, ionic liquid, and acid hydrolysis extract friedelin with reduced environmental impact. Recently, the high demand for friedelin has led to the development of CRISPR/Cas9 technology and gene overexpression plasmids to produce friedelin using genetically engineered yeast. Friedelin with low cytotoxicity to normal cells can be the best phytochemical for the drug of choice. The review summarizes the structural interpretation, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, quantification, and various forms of pharmacological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Shweta Shrivastava
- School of Pharmacy, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Darshan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Vijay Kant Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur 831012, Jharkhand, India;
| | - Pratima Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur 832108, Jharkhand, India; (S.K.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- S.K. Dash Centre of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Bikash Chandra Behera
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India;
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sharma D, Joshi M, Apparsundaram S, Goyal RK, Patel B, Dhobi M. Solanum nigrum L. in COVID-19 and post-COVID complications: a propitious candidate. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2221-2240. [PMID: 36689040 PMCID: PMC9868520 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has changed the world scenario and caused mortality around the globe. Patients who recovered from COVID-19 have shown neurological, psychological, renal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematological complications. In some patients, complications lasted more than 6 months. However, significantly less attention has been given to post-COVID complications. Currently available drugs are used to tackle the complications, but new interventions must address the problem. Phytochemicals from natural sources have been evaluated in recent times to cure or alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. An edible plant, Solanum nigrum, could be therapeutic in treating COVID-19 as the AYUSH ministry of India prescribes it during the pandemic. S. nigrum demonstrates anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral action to treat the SARS-CoV-2 infection and its post-complications. Different parts of the plant represent a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and prevent multi-organ failure by protecting various organs (liver, kidney, heart, neuro, and lung). The review proposes the possible role of the plant S. nigrum in managing the symptoms of COVID-19 and its post-COVID complications based on in silico docking and pharmacological studies. Further systematic and experimental studies are required to validate our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Mit Joshi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, 382481, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Subbu Apparsundaram
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh K Goyal
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoomika Patel
- National Forensic Sciences University, Sector-9, Gandhinagar-382007, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, 110017, New Delhi, India.
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13
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Prathima TS, Ahmad MG, Karuppasamy R, Chanda K, Balamurali MM. Investigation on Phyto‐active Constituent of
Clerodendrum paniculatum
as Therapeutic Agent against Viral Diseases. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Prathima
- Division of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600027
| | - Md. Gulzar Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632014
| | - Ramanathan Karuppasamy
- Department of Biotechnology School of BioSciences and Technology Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632014
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India 632014
| | - M. M. Balamurali
- Division of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India 600027
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14
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Shanmugam A, Venkattappan A, Gromiha MM. Structure based Drug Designing Approaches in SARS-CoV-2 Spike Inhibitor Design. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 22:2396-2409. [PMID: 36330617 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221103091658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak and the pandemic situation have hastened the research community to design a novel drug and vaccine against its causative organism, the SARS-CoV-2. The spike glycoprotein present on the surface of this pathogenic organism plays an immense role in viral entry and antigenicity. Hence, it is considered an important drug target in COVID-19 drug design. Several three-dimensional crystal structures of this SARS-CoV-2 spike protein have been identified and deposited in the Protein DataBank during the pandemic period. This accelerated the research in computer- aided drug designing, especially in the field of structure-based drug designing. This review summarizes various structure-based drug design approaches applied to this SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its findings. Specifically, it is focused on different structure-based approaches such as molecular docking, high-throughput virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, drug repurposing, and target-based pharmacophore modelling and screening. These structural approaches have been applied to different ligands and datasets such as FDA-approved drugs, small molecular chemical compounds, chemical libraries, chemical databases, structural analogs, and natural compounds, which resulted in the prediction of spike inhibitors, spike-ACE-2 interface inhibitors, and allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusuya Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, 636308, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology ,Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbazhagan Venkattappan
- Department of Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, 636308, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology ,Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Sattar MN, Khurshid M, El-Beltagi HS, Iqbal Z. Identification and estimation of sequence variation dynamics of Tomato Leaf curl Palampur virus and betasatellite complex infecting a new weed host. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem Sattar
- Central Laboratories, Department of Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khurshid
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Central Laboratories, Department of Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Portilla-Martínez A, Ortiz-Flores M, Hidalgo I, Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Meaney E, Ceballos G, Nájera N. In silico evaluation of flavonoids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main nonstructural proteins (Nsps)—amentoflavone as a multitarget candidate. J Mol Model 2022; 28:404. [PMCID: PMC9707096 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Portilla-Martínez
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isabel Hidalgo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología Y Salud Pública, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Gonzalez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Sección de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis Y Diaz Mirón S/N, Col Santo Tomás, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Yang X, Lim SHM, Lin J, Wu J, Tang H, Zhao F, Liu F, Sun C, Shi X, Kuang Y, Toy JYH, Du K, Zhang Y, Wang X, Sun M, Song Z, Wang T, Wu J, Houk KN, Huang D. Oxygen mediated oxidative couplings of flavones in alkaline water. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6424. [PMID: 36307433 PMCID: PMC9614196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyzed oxidative C-C bond coupling reactions play an important role in the chemical synthesis of complex natural products of medicinal importance. However, the poor functional group tolerance renders them unfit for the synthesis of naturally occurring polyphenolic flavones. We find that molecular oxygen in alkaline water acts as a hydrogen atom acceptor and oxidant in catalyst-free (without added catalyst) oxidative coupling of luteolin and other flavones. By this facile method, we achieve the synthesis of a small collection of flavone dimers and trimers including naturally occurring dicranolomin, philonotisflavone, dehydrohegoflavone, distichumtriluteolin, and cyclodistichumtriluteolin. Mechanistic studies using both experimental and computational chemistry uncover the underlying reasons for optimal pH, oxygen availability, and counter-cations that define the success of the reaction. We expect our reaction opens up a green and sustainable way to synthesize flavonoid dimers and oligomers using the readily available monomeric flavonoids isolated from biomass and exploiting their use for health care products and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Sophie Hui Min Lim
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jiachen Lin
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Jie Wu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore ,grid.452673.1National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Haidi Tang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore ,grid.452673.1National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Fengyue Zhao
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghua Sun
- grid.1027.40000 0004 0409 2862Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, FSET, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122 Australia
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yulong Kuang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Joanne Yi Hui Toy
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ke Du
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuannian Zhang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiang Wang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Mingtai Sun
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhixuan Song
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore
| | - Tian Wang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Ji’en Wu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - K. N. Houk
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Dejian Huang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117542 Republic of Singapore ,grid.452673.1National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu China
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18
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Plant Molecular Pharming and Plant-Derived Compounds towards Generation of Vaccines and Therapeutics against Coronaviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111805. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current century has witnessed infections of pandemic proportions caused by Coronaviruses (CoV) including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome-related CoV (MERS-CoV) and the recently identified SARS-CoV2. Significantly, the SARS-CoV2 outbreak, declared a pandemic in early 2020, has wreaked devastation and imposed intense pressure on medical establishments world-wide in a short time period by spreading at a rapid pace, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, there is a compelling need to combat and contain the CoV infections. The current review addresses the unique features of the molecular virology of major Coronaviruses that may be tractable towards antiviral targeting and design of novel preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Plant-derived vaccines, in particular oral vaccines, afford safer, effectual and low-cost avenues to develop antivirals and fast response vaccines, requiring minimal infrastructure and trained personnel for vaccine administration in developing countries. This review article discusses recent developments in the generation of plant-based vaccines, therapeutic/drug molecules, monoclonal antibodies and phytochemicals to preclude and combat infections caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Efficacious plant-derived antivirals could contribute significantly to combating emerging and re-emerging pathogenic CoV infections and help stem the tide of any future pandemics.
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19
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Alherz FA, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E, El-Masry TA, Haggag EM, Alqahtani MJ, Hussein IA. Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Encephalartos laurentianus De Wild Leaf Extract Have Inhibitory Activity against Candida albicans Clinical Isolates. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101005. [PMID: 36294570 PMCID: PMC9604723 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major human opportunistic pathogen causing infections, which range from cutaneous to invasive systemic infections. Herein, the antifungal and anti-biofilm potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) green synthesized in the presence of Encephalartos laurentianus leaf extract (ELLE) were investigated. The bioactive chemicals of ELLE, including phenolics, flavonoids, and glycosides were identified and quantified for the first time. AgNPs showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against C. albicans clinical isolates ranging from 8 to 256 µg/mL. In addition, AgNPs significantly decreased biofilm formation. The impact of AgNPs on the expression of the genes encoding biofilm formation was assessed using qRT-PCR. AgNPs had a beneficial role in the macroscopic wound healing, and they resulted in complete epithelization without any granulation tissue or inflammation. Treatment with AgNPs resulted in negative immunostaining of tumor necrosis factor-α. The levels of the inflammation markers, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the AgNPs-treated group. There was also a pronounced increase in the gene expression of fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor in the wound tissues. Thus, AgNPs synthesized using ELLE may be a promising antifungal and wound healing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A. Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (E.E.)
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Haggag
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine (Kasr Al Aini hospitals), Cairo University, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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20
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Jeevanandam J, Paramasivam E, Palanisamy A, Ragavendran S, Thangavel SN. Molecular insights on bioactive compounds againstCovid-19: A Network pharmacological and computational study. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:CAD-EPUB-126303. [PMID: 36111763 DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666220914092145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Network pharmacology based identification of phytochemicals in the form of cocktails against off-targets can play a significant role in inhibition of SARS_CoV2 viral entry and its propagation. This study includes network pharmacology, virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics to investigate the distinct antiviral mechanisms of effective phytochemicals against SARS_CoV2. METHODS SARS_CoV2 human-protein interaction network was explored from the BioGRID database and analysed using Cytoscape. Further analysis was performed to explore biological function, protein-phytochemical/drugs network and up-down regulation of pathological host target proteins. This lead to understand the antiviral mechanism of phytochemicals against SARS_CoV2. The network was explored through g:Profiler, EnrichR, CTD, SwissTarget, STITCH, DrugBank, BindingDB, STRING and SuperPred. Virtual screening of phytochemicals against potential antiviral targets such as M-Pro, NSP1, Receptor binding domain, RNA binding domain, and ACE2 discloses the effective interaction between them. Further, the binding energy calculations through simulation of the docked complex explains the efficiency and stability of the interactions. RESULTS The network analysis identified quercetin, genistein, luteolin, eugenol, berberine, isorhamnetin and cinnamaldehyde to be interacting with host proteins ACE2, DPP4, COMT, TUBGCP3, CENPF, BRD2 and HMOX1 which are involved in antiviral mechanisms such as viral entry, viral replication, host immune response, and antioxidant activity. Thus indicating that herbal cocktails can effectively tackle the viral hijacking of the crucial biological functions of human host. Further exploration through Virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics recognizes the effective interaction of phytochemicals such as punicalagin, scutellarin, and solamargine with their respective potential targets. CONCLUSION This work illustrates probable strategy for identification of phytochemical based cocktails and off-targets which are effective against SARS_CoV 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanth Jeevanandam
- Molecular Biophysics lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to- be University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Esackimuthu Paramasivam
- Molecular Biophysics lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to- be University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Srikanth Ragavendran
- TATA-Realty Data science lab, School of Humanity and Science, SASTRA Deemed to-be University, Thanjavur-613401, Tamilnadu, India
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21
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Rani I, Kalsi A, Kaur G, Sharma P, Gupta S, Gautam RK, Chopra H, Bibi S, Ahmad SU, Singh I, Dhawan M, Emran TB. Modern drug discovery applications for the identification of novel candidates for COVID-19 infections. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 80:104125. [PMID: 35845863 PMCID: PMC9273307 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In early December 2019, a large pneumonia epidemic occurred in Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization is concerned about the outbreak of another coronavirus with the powerful, rapid, and contagious transmission. Anyone with minor symptoms like fever and cough or travel history to contaminated places might be suspected of having COVID-19. COVID-19 therapy focuses on treating the disease's symptoms. So far, no such therapeutic molecule has been shown effective in treating this condition. So the treatment is mostly supportive and plasma. Globally, numerous studies and researchers have recently started fighting this virus. Vaccines and chemical compounds are also being investigated against infection. COVID-19 was successfully diagnosed using RNA detection and very sensitive RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). The evolution of particular vaccinations is required to reduce illness severity and spread. Numerous computational analyses and molecular docking have predicted various target compounds that might stop this condition. This paper examines the main characteristics of coronavirus and the computational analyses necessary to avoid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Rani
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Avjit Kalsi
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University-Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Apotex Research Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Rupesh K. Gautam
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Syed Umair Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
- Trafford College, Altrincham, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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22
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Gao K, Wang R, Chen J, Cheng L, Frishcosy J, Huzumi Y, Qiu Y, Schluckbier T, Wei X, Wei GW. Methodology-Centered Review of Molecular Modeling, Simulation, and Prediction of SARS-CoV-2. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11287-11368. [PMID: 35594413 PMCID: PMC9159519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts in the past two years, our understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), virus-host interactions, immune response, virulence, transmission, and evolution is still very limited. This limitation calls for further in-depth investigation. Computational studies have become an indispensable component in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to their low cost, their efficiency, and the fact that they are free from safety and ethical constraints. Additionally, the mechanism that governs the global evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be revealed from individual experiments and was discovered by integrating genotyping of massive viral sequences, biophysical modeling of protein-protein interactions, deep mutational data, deep learning, and advanced mathematics. There exists a tsunami of literature on the molecular modeling, simulations, and predictions of SARS-CoV-2 and related developments of drugs, vaccines, antibodies, and diagnostics. To provide readers with a quick update about this literature, we present a comprehensive and systematic methodology-centered review. Aspects such as molecular biophysics, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, machine learning, and mathematics are discussed. This review will be beneficial to researchers who are looking for ways to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 studies and those who are interested in the status of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Gao
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Limei Cheng
- Clinical
Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol
Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08536, United States
| | - Jaclyn Frishcosy
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yuta Huzumi
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yuchi Qiu
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tom Schluckbier
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiaoqi Wei
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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23
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Wylie MR, Merrell DS. The Antimicrobial Potential of the Neem Tree Azadirachta indica. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:891535. [PMID: 35712721 PMCID: PMC9195866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.891535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), also known as the neem tree, has been used for millennia as a traditional remedy for a multitude of human ailments. Also recognized around the world as a broad-spectrum pesticide and fertilizer, neem has applications in agriculture and beyond. Currently, the extensive antimicrobial activities of A. indica are being explored through research in the fields of dentistry, food safety, bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology. Herein, some of the most recent studies that demonstrate the potential of neem as a previously untapped source of novel therapeutics are summarized as they relate to the aforementioned research topics. Additionally, the capacity of neem extracts and compounds to act against drug-resistant and biofilm-forming organisms, both of which represent large groups of pathogens for which there are limited treatment options, are highlighted. Updated information on the phytochemistry and safety of neem-derived products are discussed as well. Although there is a growing body of exciting evidence that supports the use of A. indica as an antimicrobial, additional studies are clearly needed to determine the specific mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and in vivo safety of neem as a treatment for human pathogens of interest. Moreover, the various ongoing studies and the diverse properties of neem discussed herein may serve as a guide for the discovery of new antimicrobials that may exist in other herbal panaceas across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Wylie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - D Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Popoola TD, Segun PA, Ekuadzi E, Dickson RA, Awotona OR, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Fatokun AA. West African medicinal plants and their constituent compounds as treatments for viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Daru 2022; 30:191-210. [PMID: 35476297 PMCID: PMC9043090 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic (caused by SARS-CoV-2) and the experience of its unprecedented alarming toll on humanity have shone a fresh spotlight on the weakness of global preparedness for pandemics, significant health inequalities, and the fragility of healthcare systems in certain regions of the world. It is imperative to identify effective drug treatments for COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this review is to present a unique and contextualised collection of antiviral natural plants or remedies from the West African sub-region as existing or potential treatments for viral infections, including COVID-19, with emphasis on their mechanisms of action. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Evidence was synthesised from the literature using appropriate keywords as search terms within scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. RESULTS While some vaccines and small-molecule drugs are now available to combat COVID-19, access to these therapeutic entities in many countries is still quite limited. In addition, significant aspects of the symptomatology, pathophysiology and long-term prognosis of the infection yet remain unknown. The existing therapeutic armamentarium, therefore, requires significant expansion. There is evidence that natural products with antiviral effects have been used in successfully managing COVID-19 symptoms and could be developed as anti-COVID-19 agents which act through host- and virus-based molecular targets. CONCLUSION Natural products could be successfully exploited for treating viral infections/diseases, including COVID-19. Strengthening natural products research capacity in developing countries is, therefore, a key strategy for reducing health inequalities, improving global health, and enhancing preparedness for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo D Popoola
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter A Segun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State, Sagamu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Edmund Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rita A Dickson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Olanrewaju R Awotona
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Legacy University, No. 55, Kairaba Avenue, Fajara, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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25
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Milani D, Caruso L, Zauli E, Al Owaifeer AM, Secchiero P, Zauli G, Gemmati D, Tisato V. p53/NF-kB Balance in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: From OMICs, Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Insights to Tailored Therapeutic Perspectives (COVIDomics). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871583. [PMID: 35721196 PMCID: PMC9201997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection affects different organs and tissues, including the upper and lower airways, the lung, the gut, the olfactory system and the eye, which may represent one of the gates to the central nervous system. Key transcriptional factors, such as p53 and NF-kB and their reciprocal balance, are altered upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as other key molecules such as the virus host cell entry mediator ACE2, member of the RAS-pathway. These changes are thought to play a central role in the impaired immune response, as well as in the massive cytokine release, the so-called cytokine storm that represents a hallmark of the most severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Host genetics susceptibility is an additional key side to consider in a complex disease as COVID-19 characterized by such a wide range of clinical phenotypes. In this review, we underline some molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates p53 and NF-kB expression and activity in order to maximize viral replication into the host cells. We also face the RAS-pathway unbalance triggered by virus-ACE2 interaction to discuss potential pharmacological and pharmacogenomics approaches aimed at restoring p53/NF-kB and ACE1/ACE2 balance to counteract the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adi Mohammed Al Owaifeer
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donato Gemmati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Centre Haemostasis and Thrombosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Tisato
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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26
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Ullah S, Munir B, Al-Sehemi AG, Muhammad S, Haq IU, Aziz A, Ahmed B, Ghaffar A. Identification of phytochemical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 protease 3CL pro from selected medicinal plants as per molecular docking, bond energies and amino acid binding energies. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103274. [PMID: 35345871 PMCID: PMC8944115 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent worldwide outbreak of SARS-COV-2 pandemic has increased the thirst to discover and introduce antiviral drugs to combat it. The bioactive compounds from plant sources, especially terpenoid have protease inhibition activities so these may be much effective for the control of viral epidemics and may reduce the burden on health care system worldwide. Present study aims the use of terpenoid from selected plant source through bioinformatics tools for the inhibition of SARS-COV-2. This study is based on descriptive analysis. The Protein Data Bank and PubChem database were used for the analysis of SARS-COV-2 protease and plant source terpenoids. Molecular docking by using molegro virtual docker (MVD) software was carried out. The findings of study are based on the inhibitory actions of different plant sourced terpenoid against SARS-COV-2. As per the available resources and complementary analysis these phytochemicals have capacity to inhibit 3CLpro protease. The study reports that (3,3-dimethylally) isoflavone (Glycine max), licoleafol (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), myricitrin (Myrica cerifera), thymoquinone (Nigella sativa), bilobalide, ginkgolide A (Ginkgo biloba), Salvinorin A (Salvia divinorum), citral (Backhousia citriodora) and prephenazine (drug) showed high activity against SARS-COV-2 protease 3CLpro. The drug like and ADMET properties revealed that these compounds can safely be used as drugs. Cross structural analysis by using bioinformatics study concludes that these plant source terpenoid compounds can be effectively used as antiprotease drugs for SARS-COV-2 in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, College Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, PO Box, 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Munir
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, PO Box, 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, PO Box, 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikram-Ul Haq
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, IBGE, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan
| | - Abida Aziz
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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27
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Antonopoulou I, Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Inhibition of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M pro) by repurposing/designing drug-like substances and utilizing nature's toolbox of bioactive compounds. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1306-1344. [PMID: 35308802 PMCID: PMC8920478 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a long pandemic, with numerous cases and victims worldwide and enormous consequences on social and economic life. Although vaccinations have proceeded and provide a valuable shield against the virus, the approved drugs are limited and it is crucial that further ways to combat infection are developed, that can also act against potential mutations. The main protease (Mpro) of the virus is an appealing target for the development of inhibitors, due to its importance in the viral life cycle and its high conservation among different coronaviruses. Several compounds have shown inhibitory potential against Mpro, both in silico and in vitro, with few of them also having entered clinical trials. These candidates include: known drugs that have been repurposed, molecules specifically designed based on the natural substrate of the protease or on structural moieties that have shown high binding affinity to the protease active site, as well as naturally derived compounds, either isolated or in plant extracts. The aim of this work is to collectively present the results of research regarding Mpro inhibitors to date, focusing on the function of the compounds founded by in silico simulations and further explored by in vitro and in vivo assays. Creating an extended portfolio of promising compounds that may block viral replication by inhibiting Mpro and by understanding involved structure-activity relationships, could provide a basis for the development of effective solutions against SARS-CoV-2 and future related outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
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28
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Scheim DE. A Deadly Embrace: Hemagglutination Mediated by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein at Its 22 N-Glycosylation Sites, Red Blood Cell Surface Sialoglycoproteins, and Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2558. [PMID: 35269703 PMCID: PMC8910562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rouleaux (stacked clumps) of red blood cells (RBCs) observed in the blood of COVID-19 patients in three studies call attention to the properties of several enveloped virus strains dating back to seminal findings of the 1940s. For COVID-19, key such properties are: (1) SARS-CoV-2 binds to RBCs in vitro and also in the blood of COVID-19 patients; (2) although ACE2 is its target for viral fusion and replication, SARS-CoV-2 initially attaches to sialic acid (SA) terminal moieties on host cell membranes via glycans on its spike protein; (3) certain enveloped viruses express hemagglutinin esterase (HE), an enzyme that releases these glycan-mediated bindings to host cells, which is expressed among betacoronaviruses in the common cold strains but not the virulent strains, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS. The arrangement and chemical composition of the glycans at the 22 N-glycosylation sites of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and those at the sialoglycoprotein coating of RBCs allow exploration of specifics as to how virally induced RBC clumping may form. The in vitro and clinical testing of these possibilities can be sharpened by the incorporation of an existing anti-COVID-19 therapeutic that has been found in silico to competitively bind to multiple glycans on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Scheim
- US Public Health Service, Commissioned Officer, Inactive Reserve, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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29
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In Silico Screening of Potential Phytocompounds from Several Herbs against SARS-CoV-2 Indian Delta Variant B.1.617.2 to Inhibit the Spike Glycoprotein Trimer. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In October 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage was discovered in India. It has since become a prominent variant in several Indian regions and 156 countries, including the United States of America. The lineage B.1.617.2 is termed the delta variant, harboring diverse spike mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which may heighten its immune evasion potentiality and cause it to be more transmissible than other variants. As a result, it has sparked substantial scientific investigation into the development of effective vaccinations and anti-viral drugs. Several efforts have been made to examine ancient medicinal herbs known for their health benefits and immune-boosting action against SARS-CoV-2, including repurposing existing FDA-approved anti-viral drugs. No efficient anti-viral drugs are available against the SARS-CoV-2 Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. In this study, efforts were made to shed light on the potential of 603 phytocompounds from 22 plant species to inhibit the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2. We also compared these compounds with the standard drug ceftriaxone, which was already suggested as a beneficial drug in COVID-19 treatment; these compounds were compared with other FDA-approved drugs: remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxy-chloroquine, lopinavir, and ritonavir. From the analysis, the identified phytocompounds acteoside (−7.3 kcal/mol) and verbascoside (−7.1 kcal/mol), from the plants Clerodendrum serratum and Houttuynia cordata, evidenced a strong inhibitory effect against the mutated NTD (MT-NTD). In addition, the phytocompounds kanzonol V (−6.8 kcal/mol), progeldanamycin (−6.4 kcal/mol), and rhodoxanthin (−7.5 kcal/mol), from the plant Houttuynia cordata, manifested significant prohibition against RBD. Nevertheless, the standard drug, ceftriaxone, signals less inhibitory effect against MT-NTD and RBD with binding affinities of −6.3 kcal/mol and −6.5 kcal/mol, respectively. In this study, we also emphasized the pharmacological properties of the plants, which contain the screened phytocompounds. Our research could be used as a lead for future drug design to develop anti-viral drugs, as well as for preening the Siddha formulation to control the Indian delta variant B.1.617.2 and other future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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30
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Benbouguerra K, Chafai N, Chafaa S, Touahria YI, Tlidjane H. New α-Hydrazinophosphonic acid: Synthesis, characterization, DFT study and in silico prediction of its potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. J Mol Struct 2021; 1239:130480. [PMID: 33903777 PMCID: PMC8059216 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new α-Hydrazinophosphonic acid (HDZPA) has been synthesized and its molecular structure was determined using spectroscopic methods. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31 G (d,p) level was utilized to determine the electronic properties, vibrational modes and active sites of the examined molecule. In this context, some quantum chemical parameters have been calculated in order to discuss the reactivity of the studied molecule. Also, the inhibition activity of the investigated α-Hydrazinophosphonic acid for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) has been predicted using in silico docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalissa Benbouguerra
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria,Département de Sciences Agronomiques, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie et des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi de Bordj Bou Arréridj El-Anasser, 34030, Algeria
| | - Nadjib Chafai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria,Corresponding author
| | - Salah Chafaa
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Youcef Islam Touahria
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Hamida Tlidjane
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry of Molecular Materials and Complex (LEMMC). Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1, El-Mabouda campus, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
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Wang Z, Yang L, Zhao XE. Co-crystallization and structure determination: An effective direction for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4684-4701. [PMID: 34426762 PMCID: PMC8373586 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Safer and more-effective drugs are urgently needed to counter infections with the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2, cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identification of efficient inhibitors to treat and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection is a predominant focus. Encouragingly, using X-ray crystal structures of therapeutically relevant drug targets (PLpro, Mpro, RdRp, and S glycoprotein) offers a valuable direction for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery and lead optimization through direct visualization of interactions. Computational analyses based primarily on MMPBSA calculations have also been proposed for assessing the binding stability of biomolecular structures involving the ligand and receptor. In this study, we focused on state-of-the-art X-ray co-crystal structures of the abovementioned targets complexed with newly identified small-molecule inhibitors (natural products, FDA-approved drugs, candidate drugs, and their analogues) with the assistance of computational analyses to support the precision design and screening of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Key Words
- 3CLpro, 3C-Like protease
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- Candidate drugs
- Co-crystal structures
- DyKAT, dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation
- EBOV, Ebola virus
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- EMD, Electron Microscopy Data
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FDA-approved drugs
- HCoV-229E, human coronavirus 229E
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- MMPBSA, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area
- MTase, methyltransferase
- Mpro, main protease
- Natural products
- Nsp, nonstructural protein
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PLpro, papain-like protease
- RTP, ribonucleoside triphosphate
- RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SI, selectivity index
- Ugi-4CR, Ugi four-component reaction
- cryo-EM, cryo-electron microscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
| | - Xian-En Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, PR China
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