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Longhitano C, Finlay S, Peachey I, Swift JL, Fayet-Moore F, Bartle T, Vos G, Rudd D, Shareef O, Gordon S, Azghadi MR, Campbell I, Sethi S, Palmer C, Sarnyai Z. The effects of ketogenic metabolic therapy on mental health and metabolic outcomes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled clinical trial protocol. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1444483. [PMID: 39234289 PMCID: PMC11371693 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1444483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar affective disorder are debilitating psychiatric conditions characterized by a chronic pattern of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive disturbances. Shared psychopathology includes the pre-eminence of altered affective states, disorders of thoughts, and behavioral control. Additionally, those conditions share epidemiological traits, including significant cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, and respiratory co-morbidities, resulting in reduced life expectancy of up to 25 years. Nutritional ketosis has been successfully used to treat a range of neurological disorders and preclinical data have convincingly shown potential for its use in animal models of psychotic disorders. More recent data from open clinical trials have pointed toward a dramatic reduction in psychotic, affective, and metabolic symptoms in both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Objectives to investigate the effects of nutritional ketosis via a modified ketogenic diet (MKD) over 14 weeks in stable community patients with bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia. Design A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of 100 non-hospitalized adult participants with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia who are capable of consenting and willing to change their diets. Intervention Dietitian-led and medically supervised ketogenic diet compared to a diet following the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating for 14 weeks. Outcomes The primary outcomes include psychiatric and cognitive measures, reported as symptom improvement and functional changes in the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), WHO Disability Schedule, Affect Lability Scale and the Cambridge Cognitive Battery. The secondary metabolic outcomes include changes in body weight, blood pressure, liver and kidney function tests, lipid profiles, and markers of insulin resistance. Ketone and glucose levels will be used to study the correlation between primary and secondary outcomes. Optional hair cortisol analysis will assess long-term stress and variations in fecal microbiome composition. Autonomic nervous system activity will be measured via wearable devices (OURA ring and EMBRACE wristband) in the form of skin conductance, oximetry, continuous pulse monitoring, respiratory rate, movement tracking, and sleep quality. Based on the encouraging results from established preclinical research, clinical data from other neurodevelopment disorders, and open trials in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, we predict that the ketogenic metabolic therapy will be well tolerated and result in improved psychiatric and metabolic outcomes as well as global measures of social and community functioning. We additionally predict that a correlation may exist between the level of ketosis achieved and the metabolic, cognitive, and psychiatric outcomes in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Longhitano
- Townsville University Hospital and Health Service, Mental Health Service Group, Queensland Health, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabine Finlay
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Isabella Peachey
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jaymee-Leigh Swift
- Mater Hospital, Aurora Healthcare and James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Flavia Fayet-Moore
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- FoodiQ Global, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toby Bartle
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Gideon Vos
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Donna Rudd
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Omer Shareef
- Townsville University Hospital and Health Service, Mental Health Service Group, Queensland Health, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Shaileigh Gordon
- Townsville University Hospital and Health Service, Mental Health Service Group, Queensland Health, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Iain Campbell
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Shebani Sethi
- Metabolic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurosciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Sahay S, Pulvender P, Rami Reddy MVSR, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Metabolic Insights into Neuropsychiatric Illnesses and Ketogenic Therapies: A Transcriptomic View. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8266. [PMID: 39125835 PMCID: PMC11312282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of brain energy metabolism, leading to alterations in synaptic signaling, neural circuitry, and neuroplasticity, has been implicated in severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. The therapeutic potential of ketogenic interventions in these disorders suggests a link between metabolic disturbances and disease pathology; however, the precise mechanisms underlying these metabolic disturbances, and the therapeutic effects of metabolic ketogenic therapy, remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an in silico analysis of transcriptomic data to investigate perturbations in metabolic pathways in the brain across severe mental illnesses via gene expression profiling. We also examined dysregulation of the same pathways in rodent or cell culture models of ketosis, comparing these expression profiles to those observed in the disease states. Our analysis revealed significant perturbations across all metabolic pathways, with the greatest perturbations in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the electron transport chain (ETC) across all three disorders. Additionally, we observed some discordant gene expression patterns between disease states and ketogenic intervention studies, suggesting a potential role for ketone bodies in modulating pathogenic metabolic changes. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding metabolic dysregulation in severe mental illnesses and the potential therapeutic benefits of ketogenic interventions in restoring metabolic homeostasis. This study provides insights into the complex relationship between metabolism and neuropsychiatric disorders and lays the foundation for further experimental investigations aimed at appreciating the implications of the present transcriptomic findings as well as developing targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Priyanka Pulvender
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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3
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Rurek M. Mitochondria in COVID-19: from cellular and molecular perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1406635. [PMID: 38974521 PMCID: PMC11224649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1406635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a closer analysis of cell functioning during β-coronavirus infection. This review will describe evidence for COVID-19 as a syndrome with a strong, albeit still underestimated, mitochondrial component. Due to the sensitivity of host mitochondria to coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial signaling, modulates the immune response, modifies cellular energy metabolism, induces apoptosis and ageing, worsening COVID-19 symptoms which can sometimes be fatal. Various aberrations across human systems and tissues and their relationships with mitochondria were reported. In this review, particular attention is given to characterization of multiple alterations in gene expression pattern and mitochondrial metabolism in COVID-19; the complexity of interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial proteins is presented. The participation of mitogenome fragments in cell signaling and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNA within membranous compartments, including mitochondria is widely discussed. As SARS-CoV-2 severely affects the quality system of mitochondria, the cellular background for aberrations in mitochondrial dynamics in COVID-19 is additionally characterized. Finally, perspectives on the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis by numerous compounds and therapeutic treatments are briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Shi P, Wang B, Shi S, Chu X, Liu C, Kang M, Hui J, Gou Y, Zhou R, Liu Y, Jia Y, Zhang F, Wen Y. Assessing the joint effects of mitochondrial genes and physical activity on the psychiatric phenotype of subjective well-being based on the UK Biobank data. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01822-y. [PMID: 38767715 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important measure for mental health status. Previous research has shown that physical activity can affect an individual's well-being, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential interactions between mitochondrial genes and physical activity (PA) as well as their combined effects on individual well-being. SWB phenotype data in UK Biobank were enrolled for this study including nine aspects such as work/job satisfaction, health satisfaction, family relationship satisfaction, friendships satisfaction, financial situation satisfaction, ever depressed for a whole week, general happiness, general happiness with own health and belief that own life is meaningful. We made analysis for each aspects separately. Firstly, mitochondria-wide association studies (MiWAS) was conducted to assess the association of mitochondrial Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms SNP with each aspect of SWB. Then an interaction analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation and PA was performed to evaluate their joint effect on SWB status. Meanwhile, these two analysis were made for female and male group separately as well as the total samples, all under the control of possible confounding factors including gender, age, Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), education, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, and 10 principal components. MiWAS analysis identified 45 mtSNPs associated with 9 phenotypes of SWB. For example, m.15218A > G on MT-CYB in the health satisfaction phenotype of the total subjects. Gender-specific analyses found 30 mtSNPs in females and 58 in males, involving 13 mtGenes. In mtDNA-PA interaction analysis, we also identified 10 significant mtDNA-PA interaction sets for SWB. For instance, m.13020 T > C (MT-ND5) was associated with the SWB financial situation satisfaction phenotype in all subjects (P = 0.00577). In addition, MiWAS analysis identified 12 mtGene variants associated with SWB, as MT-ND1 and MT-ND2. However, in mtDNA-PA interactions we detected 7 mtDNA affecting psychiatric disorders occurring, as in the friendships satisfaction phenotype (m.3394 T > C on MT-ND1). Our study results suggest an implication of the interaction between mitochondrial function and physical activity in the risk of psychiatric disorder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panxing Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chen Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Meijuan Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jingni Hui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yifan Gou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ruixue Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ye Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan Wen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Shkundin A, Halaris A. IL-8 (CXCL8) Correlations with Psychoneuroimmunological Processes and Neuropsychiatric Conditions. J Pers Med 2024; 14:488. [PMID: 38793070 PMCID: PMC11122344 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8), an essential CXC chemokine, significantly influences psychoneuroimmunological processes and affects neurological and psychiatric health. It exerts a profound effect on immune cell activation and brain function, suggesting potential roles in both neuroprotection and neuroinflammation. IL-8 production is stimulated by several factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) known to promote inflammation and disease progression. Additionally, CXCL8 gene polymorphisms can alter IL-8 production, leading to potential differences in disease susceptibility, progression, and severity across populations. IL-8 levels vary among neuropsychiatric conditions, demonstrating sensitivity to psychosocial stressors and disease severity. IL-8 can be detected in blood circulation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and urine, making it a promising candidate for a broad-spectrum biomarker. This review highlights the need for further research on the diverse effects of IL-8 and the associated implications for personalized medicine. A thorough understanding of its complex role could lead to the development of more effective and personalized treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelos Halaris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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Mudalige D, Guan DX, Ballard C, Creese B, Corbett A, Pickering E, Roach P, Smith EE, Ismail Z. The mind and motion: exploring the interplay between physical activity and Mild Behavioral Impairment in dementia-free older adults. Int Rev Psychiatry 2024; 36:196-207. [PMID: 39255027 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2024.2360561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Physical inactivity in mid-life is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is a marker of potential neurodegenerative disease. We investigated the association between physical activity and MBI. Baseline data from the Canadian Platform for Research Online to Investigate Health, Quality of Life, Cognition, Behaviour, Function, and Caregiving in Aging (CAN-PROTECT) were used. Four categories of weekly physical activity (cardiovascular, mind-body, strength training, and physical labour) were derived from the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire. MBI was measured using the MBI-Checklist. Multivariable negative binomial regressions modelled the association between the standardized physical activity duration and MBI severity, adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, ethno cultural origin, occupation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, mobility, and body mass index. Every 1 SD increase in cardiovascular activity was associated with 8.42% lower MBI severity. In contrast, every 1 SD increase in physical labor duration was associated with 5.64% greater MBI severity. These associations were neither moderated by the frequency engaging in each physical activity nor by sex. Cardiovascular physical activity in older persons may reduce levels of non-cognitive dementia markers like MBI, comparable to effects seen in cognition, potentially modulating dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan X Guan
- Department of Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Clive Ballard
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ellie Pickering
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pamela Roach
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Jiang M, Wang L, Sheng H. Mitochondria in depression: The dysfunction of mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality control systems. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14576. [PMID: 38334212 PMCID: PMC10853899 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most disabling neuropsychiatric disorder, causing difficulties in daily life activities and social interactions. The exact mechanisms of depression remain largely unclear. However, some studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction would play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of depression. AIMS To summarize the known knowledge about the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of depression. METHODS We review the recent literature, including 105 articles, to summarize the mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality control systems in the occurrence and development of depression. Some antidepressants which may exert their effects by improving mitochondrial function are also discussed. RESULTS Impaired brain energy metabolism and (or) damaged mitochondrial quality control systems have been reported not only in depression patients but in animal models of depression. Although the classical antidepressants have not been specially designed to target mitochondria, the evidence suggests that many antidepressants may exert their effects by improving mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS This brief review focuses on the findings that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction and the quality control systems as important etiological factors in the context of depressive disorders. It will help us to understand the various concepts of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of depression, and to explore novel and more targeted therapeutic approaches for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengruo Jiang
- College of Basic MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic MedicineNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Chu H, Cui C, Su X, Zhang H, Ma J, Zhu H, Bai L, Li R. Research progress in mitochondrial quality control in schizophrenia. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:128-134. [PMID: 38615174 PMCID: PMC11017019 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism within cells, generating a substantial amount of ATP to supply energy to the human body. Research has shown that alterations in mitochondrial structure and function exist in individuals with schizophrenia, suggesting their potential impact on the onset of psychiatric disorders and clinical treatment efficacy. Therefore, understanding the research progress on the genetic mechanisms, pathological processes, image manifestations of schizophrenia and mitochondrial quality control, and summarizing the relevant evidence of mitochondrial-related targets as potential therapeutic targets for schizophrenia, can provide references for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Chu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong 272067.
| | - Cuicui Cui
- Sixth Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianbiao Su
- Sixth Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongchang Zhang
- Sixth Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiashu Ma
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong 272067
| | - Houming Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong 272067
| | - Ludong Bai
- Sixth Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ranran Li
- Sixth Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan 250014, China.
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9
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Calarco CA, Keppetipola SM, Kumar G, Shipper AG, Lobo MK. Whole blood mitochondrial copy number in clinical populations with mood disorders: A meta-analysis: Blood mitochondrial copy number and mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115662. [PMID: 38118327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), are globally prevalent, contributing to significant disease burden and adverse health outcomes. These mood disorders are associated with changes in many aspects of brain reward pathways, yet cellular and molecular changes in the brain are not readily available in clinical populations. Therefore, the use of biomarkers as proxies for changes in the brain are necessary. The proliferation of mitochondria in blood has emerged as a potentially useful biomarker, yet a clear consensus on how these mood disorders impact mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) has not been reached. To determine the current available consensus on the relationship of mood disorder diagnosis and blood mtDNcn, we performed a meta-analysis of available literature measuring this biomarker. Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic search, 22 papers met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis (10 MDD, 10 BD, 2 both MDD and BD). We extracted demographic, disorder, and methodological information with mtDNAcn. Using the metafor package for R, calculated effect sizes were used in random effects or meta regression models for MDD and BD. Overall, our data suggest blood mtDNAcn may be a useful biomarker for mood disorders, with MDD and BD Type II associated with higher mtDNAcn, and BD Type I associated with lower mtDNAcn. Initially, we observed a trending increase in mtDNAcn in patients with MDD, which reached significance when one study with outlying demographic characteristics was excluded. Subgroup and meta-regression analysis indicated the relationship between mtDNAcn and diagnosis in patients with BD is dependent on BD type, while no relationship is detectable when BD types are mixed. Further study of blood mtDNAcn could predict downstream health outcomes or treatment responsivity in individuals with mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali A Calarco
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | | | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Andrea G Shipper
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland, 601W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
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Marques-Aleixo I, Sampaio A, Bohn L, Machado F, Barros D, Ribeiro O, Carvalho J, Magalhães J. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms are Related to Blood-biomarkers in Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Aging Sci 2024; 17:74-84. [PMID: 37904566 DOI: 10.2174/1874609816666230816090934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent among individuals with major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD). OBJECTIVE Here, we characterized blood biomarkers (metabolic, inflammatory, neurotrophic profiles and total antioxidant), body composition, physical fitness and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with MNCD according to NPS. METHODS The sample comprised 34 older adults (71.4% women; 74.06±6.03 yrs, with MNCD diagnosis) categorized according to 50th percentile [Low (≤12) or High (≥13)] for NPS (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire). Sociodemographic, clinical data, body composition, anthropometric, cognitive assessment (ADAS-Cog), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), QoL (QoL-Alzheimer's Disease scale) were evaluated, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. RESULTS Low compared to high NPS group showed higher levels of IL-6, IGF-1and neurotrophic zscore (composite of IGF-1, VEGF-1, BDNF). Additionally, low compared to high NPS group have higher QoL, aerobic fitness and upper body and lower body strength. CONCLUSION The severity of NPS seems to be related to modified neurotrophic and inflammatory outcomes, lower physical fitness, and poor QoL. Strategies to counteract NPS development may preserve the physical and mental health of individuals with MNCD..
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques-Aleixo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Education and Development, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arnaldina Sampaio
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucimére Bohn
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Education and Development, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport, Lusófona University, Porto, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flavia Machado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Barros
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oscár Ribeiro
- CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Apryatin SA, Traktirov DS, Karpenko MN, Ivleva IS, Pestereva NS, Bolshakova MV, Trofimov AN, Fesenko ZS, Klimenko VM. Antioxidant system alterations and physiological characteristics of neonatal and juvenile DAT-KO rats. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1651-1661. [PMID: 37394966 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats represent a valuable rodent model for studying the molecular and phenotypical outcomes of the effects of excessive dopamine accumulation in the synaptic cleft and the prolonged action of dopamine on neurons. Animals with DAT deficiency are characterized by hyperactivity, stereotypy, cognitive deficits, and impairments in behavioral and biochemical indicators. Several key pathophysiological mechanisms are known to be common to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and other diseases. Among these mechanisms, oxidative stress systems play a particularly important role. One of the main antioxidant systems in the brain is glutathione: specifically, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase play a significant role in the regulation of vital oxidative processes, and their dysfunction has been shown in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the activity levels of glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes, as well as catalase in the blood plasma, of DAT-deficient, homo- and heterozygous, neonatal and juvenile rats (both male and female). Their behavioral and physiological parameters were evaluated at the age of 1.5 months. For the first time, changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were shown in DAT-KO rats at 1.5 months of postnatal life. The key role of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in the regulation of oxidative stress in DAT-KO rats at the 5th week of life was demonstrated. A positive effect of a slightly increased dopamine level on memory function was shown in DAT-heterozygous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D S Traktirov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Karpenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Ivleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Pestereva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Bolshakova
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Trofimov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z S Fesenko
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Klimenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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