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Staniszewski M, Tkaczyk J, Kęska A, Zybko P, Mróz A. Effect of rest duration between sets on fatigue and recovery after short intense plyometric exercise. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15080. [PMID: 38956280 PMCID: PMC11219752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Plyometric training is characterized by high-intensity exercise which is performed in short term efforts divided into sets. The purpose of the present study was twofold: first, to investigate the effects of three distinct plyometric exercise protocols, each with varying work-to-rest ratios, on muscle fatigue and recovery using an incline-plane training machine; and second, to assess the relationship between changes in lower limb muscle strength and power and the biochemical response to the three exercise variants employed. Forty-five adult males were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 15) performing an exercise of 60 rebounds on an incline-plane training machine. The G0 group performed continuous exercise, while the G45 and G90 groups completed 4 sets of 15 repetitions, each set lasting 45 s with 45 s rest in G45 (work-to-rest ratio of 1:1) and 90 s rest in G90 (1:2 ratio). Changes in muscle torques of knee extensors and flexors, as well as blood lactate (LA) and ammonia levels, were assessed before and every 5 min for 30 min after completing the workout. The results showed significantly higher (p < 0.001) average power across all jumps generated during intermittent compared to continuous exercise. The greatest decrease in knee extensor strength immediately post-exercise was recorded in group G0 and the least in G90. The post-exercise time course of LA changes followed a similar pattern in all groups, while the longer the interval between sets, the faster LA returned to baseline. Intermittent exercise had a more favourable effect on muscle energy metabolism and recovery than continuous exercise, and the work-to-rest ratio of 1:2 in plyometric exercises was sufficient rest time to allow the continuation of exercise in subsequent sets at similar intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Staniszewski
- Department of Water and Winter Sports, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Tkaczyk
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kęska
- Department of Human Biology, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Zybko
- Department of Water and Winter Sports, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mróz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Luo W, Zhang H, Wan R, Cai Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Luo Z, Shang X. Biomaterials-Based Technologies in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304196. [PMID: 38712598 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
For many clinically prevalent severe injuries, the inherent regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle remains inadequate. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) seeks to meet this clinical demand. With continuous progress in biomedicine and related technologies including micro/nanotechnology and 3D printing, numerous studies have uncovered various intrinsic mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and developed tailored biomaterial systems based on these understandings. Here, the skeletal muscle structure and regeneration process are discussed and the diverse biomaterial systems derived from various technologies are explored in detail. Biomaterials serve not merely as local niches for cell growth, but also as scaffolds endowed with structural or physicochemical properties that provide tissue regenerative cues such as topographical, electrical, and mechanical signals. They can also act as delivery systems for stem cells and bioactive molecules that have been shown as key participants in endogenous repair cascades. To achieve bench-to-bedside translation, the typical effect enabled by biomaterial systems and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized. Insights into the roles of biomaterials in SMTE from cellular and molecular perspectives are provided. Finally, perspectives on the advancement of SMTE are provided, for which gene therapy, exosomes, and hybrid biomaterials may hold promise to make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Hanli Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Renwen Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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Sposito M, Fanti V, Poliero T, Caldwell DG, Di Natali C. Field assessment of active BSE: Trends over test days of subjective indicators and self-reported fatigue for railway construction workers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33055. [PMID: 39021938 PMCID: PMC11252747 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The research community has conducted several controlled "in -lab" assessments on the effectiveness of industrial exoskeletons, paving the way for their adoption. However, field testing, focusing on ergonomics and the user experience, could serve to enhance both end-users' awareness and address open doubts concerning true effectiveness of industrial exoskeletons. This study presents an analysis of qualitative data regarding the use of back-support exoskeletons during field trials in harsh civil engineering environments. This work evaluates the StreamEXO's (an active back-support exoskeleton) efficacy in reducing fatigue and the evolution of its perceived usefulness. This is achieved using qualitative data collection tools, during real scenarios testing over multiple-day trials. Collected data shows a positive correlation between self-reported fatigue, measured on a four verbal anchors-based Borg CR10 scale, and the use of the exoskeleton during physically demanding movements. Moreover, the evolution of scores throughout the testing sessions (90 minutes of exoskeleton use for three nonconsecutive days) suggests a trend due to the adaptation and learning curve of workers during the exoskeleton experience. The analysis of the open-ended answers highlights that the adaptation to physical interaction has a negative oscillation on day two to rise back during the third day, possibly correlated to a change in muscle pattern. The main critical factors affecting comfort during the exoskeleton experience are weight balance, body pressure, and thermal comfort, which can strongly affect device acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sposito
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Advanced Robotics, Italy
| | - Vasco Fanti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Advanced Robotics, Italy
- University of Genoa, Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, Italy
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Shi C, Zou Q, Wei H. The association of back pain with physical inactivity and hypothyroidism in pregnant women. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024:BMR240086. [PMID: 38968044 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-240086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During pregnancy, structural and functional changes usually occur in the body, which has various consequences, including lower back pain (LBP) and hypothyroidism. One of the risk factors for these problems is physical inactivity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association of back pain and physical inactivity, weight gain, and hypothyroidism in pregnant women. METHODS In this cohort study, 420 pregnant women (26.333 ± 5.820 years old) were included. At first, participants answered this question: "Do you have any plans for pregnancy in the next month?" If the answer was yes, further evaluations were performed. The physical activity and pain intensity were measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-S) and Visual Analogue Scale. Serum TSH was measured by automated chemiluminescence and commercial kits. Measurements were conducted before, the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy. RESULTS Women reporting LBP were less engaged in physical activities and weight gained in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy was significantly higher than pregnant women without LBP (p< 0.05). TSH level and weight gained in pregnant women with low physical activity level was significantly higher than pregnant women with moderate and high physical activity (p< 0.05) (without significant difference in TSH and BMI). The physical inactivity (before: OR: 1.11 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.22; first trimester: OR: 1.09 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.59; second trimester: OR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.31; third trimester: OR: 1.12 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.39), TSH (OR: 0.85 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.29), and weight gain (second trimester: OR: 0.87 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.59; third trimester: OR: 1.44 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.98; p< 0.05) did predict increased pain intensity. CONCLUSION Using health-oriented approaches to increase physical activity and normalize thyroid function and weight gain during pregnancy can have beneficial effects on LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chencui Shi
- Physical Examination Center, Danyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiangdong Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Kim MJ, Lee JM, Min K, Choi YS. Xenogeneic transplantation of mitochondria induces muscle regeneration in an in vivo rat model of dexamethasone-induced atrophy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2024; 45:53-68. [PMID: 36802005 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy significantly impairs health and quality of life; however, there is still no cure. Recently, the possibility of regeneration in muscle atrophic cells was suggested through mitochondrial transfer. Therefore, we attempted to prove the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation in animal models. To this end, we prepared intact mitochondria from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells maintaining their membrane potential. To examine the efficacy of mitochondrial transplantation on muscle regeneration, we measured muscle mass, cross-sectional area of muscle fiber, and changes in muscle-specific protein. In addition, changes in the signaling mechanisms related to muscle atrophy were evaluated. As a result, in mitochondrial transplantation, the muscle mass increased by 1.5-fold and the lactate concentration decreased by 2.5-fold at 1 week in dexamethasone-induced atrophic muscles. In addition, a 2.3-fold increase in the expression of desmin protein, a muscle regeneration marker, showed a significant recovery in MT 5 µg group. Importantly, the muscle-specific ubiquitin E3-ligases MAFbx and MuRF-1 were significantly decreased through AMPK-mediated Akt-FoxO signaling pathway by mitochondrial transplantation compared with the saline group, reaching a level similar to that in the control. Based on these results, mitochondrial transplantation may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of atrophic muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 13488, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 13488, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 13496, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, 13488, Seongnam, Korea.
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Sergeeva XV, Lvova ID, Sharlo KA. Disuse-Induced Muscle Fatigue: Facts and Assumptions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4984. [PMID: 38732203 PMCID: PMC11084575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle unloading occurs during a wide range of conditions, from space flight to bed rest. The unloaded muscle undergoes negative functional changes, which include increased fatigue. The mechanisms of unloading-induced fatigue are far from complete understanding and cannot be explained by muscle atrophy only. In this review, we summarize the data concerning unloading-induced fatigue in different muscles and different unloading models and provide several potential mechanisms of unloading-induced fatigue based on recent experimental data. The unloading-induced changes leading to increased fatigue include both neurobiological and intramuscular processes. The development of intramuscular fatigue seems to be mainly contributed by the transformation of soleus muscle fibers from a fatigue-resistant, "oxidative" "slow" phenotype to a "fast" "glycolytic" one. This process includes slow-to-fast fiber-type shift and mitochondrial density decline, as well as the disruption of activating signaling interconnections between slow-type myosin expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. A vast pool of relevant literature suggests that these events are triggered by the inactivation of muscle fibers in the early stages of muscle unloading, leading to the accumulation of high-energy phosphates and calcium ions in the myoplasm, as well as NO decrease. Disturbance of these secondary messengers leads to structural changes in muscles that, in turn, cause increased fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina A. Sharlo
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, Khorosevskoye Shosse, 76a, 123007 Moscow, Russia; (X.V.S.); (I.D.L.)
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Jung J, Park JB, Lee KJ, Seo Y, Jeong I. Association between commuting time and work-related low back pain with respect to sports and leisure activities in Korean workers. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2024; 62:133-142. [PMID: 37940545 PMCID: PMC10995669 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Long commuting times can induce work-related low back pain (LBP), which can be exacerbated by reduced sports and leisure activities. However, there is a lack of empirical research on commuting time and work-related LBP in Korea. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between commuting time and work-related LBP as well as the effect of sports and leisure activities on Korean workers. We utilized data from the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey to analyze the relationship between commuting time and work-related LBP using multivariable logistic regression. The total number of included workers was 28,202. Workers without sports and leisure activities, and long commuting times (40-59, 60-79, and ≥80 min) showed significantly higher odds ratios for work-related LBP (1.29 [95% Confidence intervals=1.12-1.49], 1.42 [1.22-1.65], and 1.96 [1.68-2.28], respectively). However, in workers with sports and leisure activities, the results were significant only for commuting times of 60-79 and ≥80 min (1.41 [1.13-1.75], 1.60 [1.28-1.99], respectively). Long commuting times were associated with work-related LBP, and engagement in sports and leisure activities was found to play a role in mitigating the impact among Korean wage workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuk Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bum Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngwook Seo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Inchul Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Juškevičiūtė E, Neuberger E, Eimantas N, Venckunas T, Kamandulis S, Simon P, Brazaitis M. Three-week sprint interval training (SIT) reduces cell-free DNA and low-frequency fatigue but does not induce VO2max improvement in older men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1297-1309. [PMID: 38015284 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the impact of sprint interval training (SIT) on both the acute and 3-week modulations of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as well as its association with neuromuscular fatigue and physical performance in healthy young and old men. METHODS Ten young (20-25 year old) and nine elderly (63-72 year old) healthy men performed nine SIT sessions consisting of 4-to-6-all-out cycling repetitions of 30 s interspaced with 4-min rest intervals. We compared the maximal voluntary contractions torque, central activation ratio, low-frequency fatigue (LFF), and cfDNA concentrations between the groups before, immediately after, 1 h after, and 24 h after the first and ninth SIT sessions. RESULTS The plasma cfDNA levels were increased post-exercise (from 1.4 ± 0.258 to 1.91 ± 0.278 ng/ml (P < 0.01) on a log10 scale), without significant differences between the groups. However, older individuals showed a slight decrease in the baseline cfDNA values, from 1.39 ± 0.176 to 1.29 ± 0.085 ng/ml on a log10 scale, after 3 weeks (P = 0.043). Importantly, the elevation of the post-exercise cfDNA values was correlated with an increase in LFF in both groups. Three weeks of SIT induced an improvement in the recovery of LFF (main session effect, P = 0.0029); however, only the young group showed an increase in aerobic capacity (VO2max) (from 40.8 ± 6.74 to 43.0 ± 5.80 ml/kg/min, P = 0.0039). CONCLUSION Three weeks of SIT diminished the baseline cfDNA values in the old group, together with an improvement in the recovery of LFF. However, VO2max was increased only in the young group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Juškevičiūtė
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Elmo Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Pawłowska M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Irisin on Post-Exercise Inflammatory Response: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:205-218. [PMID: 38680225 PMCID: PMC11053258 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97480.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity has a positive effect on human health and emotional well-being. However, in both amateur and professional athletes, training poses a risk of acute or chronic injury through repetitive overloading of bones, joints, and muscles. Inflammation can be an adverse effect of intense exercise caused by several factors including oxidative stress. The present narrative review summarizes current knowledge on inflammatory markers induced by physical exercise. Post-exercise recovery may reduce inflammatory responses and is key to effective training and adaptation of muscle tissues to sustained physical exertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pawłowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
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10
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Tsoukos A, Wilk M, Krzysztofik M, Zajac A, Bogdanis GC. The Impact of Range of Motion on Applied Force Characteristics and Electromyographic Activity during Repeated Sets of Bench Press Exercise. J Hum Kinet 2024; 91:189-204. [PMID: 38689587 PMCID: PMC11057621 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/186341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of range of motion (ROM) on applied force, power output and surface electromyographic (sEMG) responses during repeated sets of bench press exercise executed as fast as possible. Ten resistance trained men performed three sets to momentary failure with two-min rest intervals under three different ROM conditions: (a) full ROM (FULL), (b) TOP, at the top half of ROM, and (c) BOTTOM, at the bottom half of ROM. Mean and peak force were higher in TOP compared to FULL and BOTTOM (mean force: 817 ± 80 vs. 657 ± 98 vs. 623 ± 122 N, respectively, p < 0.001) with no differences between FULL and BOTTOM. During repeated sets, large decreases were found in peak (by 29.4 to 45.3%) and mean power (by 55.5 to 64.7%) from the first to the last repetitions. However, the decrease in mean force was only 2% (p < 0.01) and decreases in peak force ranged from 6.7 and 8.8% to zero, indicating the velocity loss was the main contributor to fatigue in power output. Although force and power output in set 3 were unchanged in BOTTOM, mean power output decreased significantly, suggesting that lower performance and fatigue may be related to the longer muscle length. Fatigue was accompanied by an increase in sEMG activity and a decrease in median frequency in all muscles, with triceps brachialis sEMG reflecting more the force and power differences among ROMs. In conclusion, fatigue depends on velocity rather than force loss during bench press exercise at different ROMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Zajac
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Tsoukos A, Krzysztofik M, Wilk M, Zajac A, Panagiotopoulos MG, Psarras II, Petraki DP, Terzis G, Bogdanis GC. Fatigue and Metabolic Responses during Repeated Sets of Bench Press Exercise to Exhaustion at Different Ranges of Motion. J Hum Kinet 2024; 91:61-76. [PMID: 38689577 PMCID: PMC11057609 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/185524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared the acute effects of different ranges of motion (ROM) on fatigue and metabolic responses during repeated sets of bench press exercise. Ten resistance trained men performed three sets to momentary failure with two-min rest intervals at three different ROM: full ROM (FULL), and partial ROM in which the barbell was moved either at the bottom half (BOTTOM) or the top half (TOP) of the full barbell vertical displacement. In TOP, a higher load was lifted, and a higher total number of repetitions was performed compared to FULL and BOTTOM (130 ± 17.6 vs. 102.5 ± 15.9 vs. 98.8 ± 17.5 kg; 55.2 ± 9.8, 32.2 ± 6.5 vs. 49.1 ± 16.5 kg, respectively p < 0.01). Work per repetition was higher in FULL than TOP and BOTTOM (283 ± 43 vs. 205 ± 32 vs. 164 ± 31 J/repetition, p < 0.01). Mean barbell velocity at the start of set 1 was 21.7% and 12.8% higher in FULL compared to TOP and BOTTOM, respectively. The rate of decline in mean barbell velocity was doubled from set 1 to set 3 (p < 0.01) and was higher in FULL than both TOP and BOTTOM (p < 0.001). Also, the rate of mean barbell velocity decline was higher in BOTTOM compared to TOP (p = 0.045). Blood lactate concentration was similarly increased in all ROM (p < 0.001). Training at TOP ROM allowed not only to lift a higher load, but also to perform more repetitions with a lower rate of decline in mean barbell velocity. Despite the lower absolute load and work per repetition, fatigue was higher in BOTTOM than TOP and this may be attributed to differences in muscle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michał Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Zajac
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michail G. Panagiotopoulos
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias-Iason Psarras
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina P. Petraki
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Terzis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Clode M, Tran D, Majumdar A, Ayer J, Ferrie S, Cordina R. Nutritional considerations for people living with a Fontan circulation: a narrative review. Cardiol Young 2024; 34:238-249. [PMID: 38258459 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123004389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The population of people living with a Fontan circulation are highly heterogenous, including both children and adults, who have complex health issues and comorbidities associated with their unique physiology throughout life. Research focused on nutritional considerations and interventions in the Fontan population is extremely limited beyond childhood. This review article discusses the current literature examining nutritional considerations in the setting of Fontan physiology and provides an overview of the available evidence to support nutritional management strategies and future research directions. Protein-losing enteropathy, growth deficits, bone mineral loss, and malabsorption are well-recognised nutritional concerns within this population, but increased adiposity, altered glucose metabolism, and skeletal muscle deficiency are also more recently identified issues. Emergencing evidence suggets that abnormal body composition is associated with poor circulatory function and health outcomes. Many nutrition-related issues, including the impact of congenital heart disease on nutritional status, factors contributing to altered body composition and comorbidities, as well as the role of the microbiome and metabolomics, remain poodly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Clode
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Derek Tran
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Avik Majumdar
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian Ayer
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzie Ferrie
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael Cordina
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Heart Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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13
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Filgueira L, Steinberg A, Mendonca R, Lim SH. Returning to employment following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A major problem among survivors. EJHAEM 2023; 4:1132-1142. [PMID: 38024592 PMCID: PMC10660407 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect of cancer survivorship. One of the most acute problems that impact survivors in many aspects of activities of daily living and compromise their QoL is the inability to return to employment following successful cancer therapy. This is most prominent among survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). More than 50% of the survivors following allo-HSCT remain unemployed one year after the procedure. This problem extends beyond the initial few years; unemployment rates among those who underwent allo-HSCT during their childhoods or adolescence have remained high. The inability to return to employment imposes a financial burden. Survivors following allo-HSCT also experience a multitude of chronic psychosocial complications that may be both contributing and consequential to the inability to return to employment. However, many transplant programs and cancer centers do not have return-to-employment programs. In this review paper, we discuss the prevalence of unemployment following allo-HSCT. We examine the psychosocial symptoms experienced by survivors and how they may affect survivors' ability to return to employment. Finally, we propose a multi-disciplinary multi-pronged occupation-focused approach to address the complex and inter-related psychosocial symptoms to help alleviate the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filgueira
- Programs in Occupational TherapyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Amir Steinberg
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology and OncologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Rochelle Mendonca
- Programs in Occupational TherapyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Seah H. Lim
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology and OncologyState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
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14
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Maïmoun L, Bourgeois E, Serrand C, Mura T, Cristol JP, Myzia J, Avignon A, Mariano-Goulart D, Sultan A. Relationship between Lean Tissue Mass and Muscle Function in Women with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4517. [PMID: 37960170 PMCID: PMC10649051 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that lean tissue mass (LTM) decreases with aging in patients with obesity, but there is no information available regarding muscle strength changes, a parameter that may be better associated with sarcopenic obesity (SO). The objectives of this study were to analyze the changes in LTM and fat mass (FM), muscle strength and muscle function with aging in women with obesity and to determine the prevalence of SO. LTM and FM were determined by DXA, muscle strength with the hand-grip test and muscle function with the 6 min walk test (6MWT) in 383 women with obesity. A redistribution of the LTM and FM occurred with age, characterized by a gain at the trunk to the detriment of the lower limbs, thus reducting in appendicular LTM indices. The physical performances evaluated by the muscle strength and muscle function decreased concomitantly, and the prevalence of low values for both these parameters was 22.8% and 13.4%, respectively, in the older patients. In summary, although a reduction in appendicular LTM and muscle performances occurred with age and resulted in an increase in the prevalence of SO, the number of women with obesity affected by SO remained low (n ≤ 15), even in those older than 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Maïmoun
- Depatment of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Elise Bourgeois
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, Team Nutrition, Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Chris Serrand
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology, CHU Nîmes, 30029 Nîmes, France; (C.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Thibault Mura
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology, CHU Nîmes, 30029 Nîmes, France; (C.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.C.); (A.S.)
- Departement of Biochimy, Chu Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Justine Myzia
- Department of Clinical Physiology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
| | - Antoine Avignon
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, Team Nutrition, Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, IDESP UMR UA11 INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Mariano-Goulart
- Depatment of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Ariane Sultan
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine of the Heart and Muscles (PhyMedExp), University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France; (E.B.); (J.-P.C.); (A.S.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, Team Nutrition, Diabetes, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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15
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Tyganov SA, Sergeeva KV, Kalashnikov VY, Kalashnikova EP, Mirzoev TM, Kalamkarov GR, Shevchenko TF, Shenkman BS. A Prochlorperazine-Induced Decrease in Autonomous Muscle Activity during Hindlimb Unloading Is Accompanied by Preserved Slow Myosin mRNA Expression. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5613-5630. [PMID: 37504270 PMCID: PMC10378404 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disuse leads to pathological muscle activity as well as to slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation. Fast-type fibers are more fatigable than slow-type, so this transformation leads to a decline in muscle function. Prochlorperazine injections previously were shown to attenuate autonomous rat soleus muscle electrical activity under unloading conditions. In this study, we found that prochlorperazine blocks slow-to-fast fiber-type transformation in disused skeletal muscles of rats, possibly through affecting calcium and ROS-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia V Sergeeva
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Y Kalashnikov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Kalashnikova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Timur M Mirzoev
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy R Kalamkarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Shevchenko
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Sidorenko DA, Tyganov SA, Sharlo DT, Shenkman BS. Β-GPA administration activates slow oxidative muscle signaling pathways and protects soleus muscle against the increased fatigue under 7-days of rat hindlimb suspension. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 743:109647. [PMID: 37230367 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Unloading of slow-twitch muscles results in increased muscle fatigue and the mechanisms of this effect are poorly studied. We aimed to analyze the role of high-energy phosphates accumulation during the first week of rat hindlimb suspension plays in a fiber-type phenotype shift towards fast-type fatigable muscle fibers. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8): C - vivarium control; 7HS - 7-day hindlimb suspension; 7HB - 7-day hindlimb suspension with intraperitoneal injection of beta-guanidine propionic acid (β-GPA, 400 mg/kg b w). β-GPA is a competitive inhibitor of creatine kinase and it reduces concentrations of ATP and phosphocreatine. In the 7HB group, β-GPA treatment protected a slow-type signaling network in an unloaded soleus muscle, including MOTS-C, AMPK, PGC1 α and micro-RNA-499. These signaling effects resulted in a preserved soleus muscle fatigue resistance, slow-type muscle fibers percentage and mitochondrial DNA copy number under muscle unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I D Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - D A Sidorenko
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S A Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
| | - D T Sharlo
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia.
| | - B S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia.
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17
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Sadowsky CL. Targeting Sarcopenia as an Objective Clinical Outcome in the Care of Children with Spinal Cord-Related Paralysis: A Clinician's View. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:837. [PMID: 37238385 PMCID: PMC10217275 DOI: 10.3390/children10050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Muscle loss is consistently associated with immobility and paralysis and triggers significant metabolic and functional changes. The negative effects of sarcopenia are amplified in children who are in the process of building their muscle mass as part of development. Because muscle mass loss is consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality throughout life, optimizing the size and health of muscles following a neurologic injury is an objective target for therapeutic interventions. This review hypothesizes that muscle mass correlates with functional outcomes in children with paralysis related to spinal cord-related neurologic deficits. We propose that the measurement of muscle mass in this population can be used as an objective outcome for clinical long-term care. Finally, some practical clinical approaches to improving muscle mass are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L. Sadowsky
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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18
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Athanasiou N, Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G. Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:251-266. [PMID: 36242699 PMCID: PMC10023776 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is an important part of human lifestyle although a large percentage of the population remains sedentary. Exercise represents a stress paradigm in which many regulatory endocrine systems are involved to achieve homeostasis. These endocrine adaptive responses may be either beneficial or harmful in case they exceed a certain threshold. The aim of this review is to examine the adaptive endocrine responses of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), catecholamines, cytokines, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) to a single bout or regular exercise of three distinct types of exercise, namely endurance, high-intensity interval (HIIE) and resistance exercise. In summary, a single bout of endurance exercise induces cortisol increase, while regular endurance exercise-induced activation of the HPA axis results to relatively increased basal cortisolemia; single bout or regular exercise induce similar GH peak responses; regular HIIE training lowers basal cortisol concentrations, while catecholamine response is reduced in regular HIIE compared with a single bout of HIIE. HPA axis response to resistance exercise depends on the intensity and volume of the exercise. A single bout of resistance exercise is characterized by mild HPA axis stimulation while regular resistance training in elderly results in attenuated inflammatory response and decreased resting cytokine concentrations. In conclusion, it is important to consider which type of exercise and what threshold is suitable for different target groups of exercising people. This approach intends to suggest types of exercise appropriate for different target groups in health and disease and subsequently to introduce them as medical prescription models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Athanasiou
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus and Metabolism, School of medicine, ARETAIEION hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Neofytou Vamva str 10674, Athens, Greece
- grid.414655.70000 0004 4670 4329Dermatology Department, Evangelismos General hospital, Athens, Greece Ipsilantou 45-47, 10676
| | - Gregory C. Bogdanis
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Dafne, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus and Metabolism, School of medicine, ARETAIEION hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Neofytou Vamva str 10674, Athens, Greece
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19
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Takahashi H, Wakayama H, Nagase K, Shimizu T. Engineered Human Muscle Tissue from Multilayered Aligned Myofiber Sheets for Studies of Muscle Physiology and Predicting Drug Response. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2200849. [PMID: 36562139 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical drug testing, human muscle tissue models are critical to understanding the complex physiology, including drug effects in the human body. This study reports that a multilayering approach to cell sheet-based engineering produces an engineered human muscle tissue with sufficient contractile force suitable for measurement. A thermoresponsive micropatterned substrate regulates the biomimetic alignment of myofiber structures enabling the harvest of the aligned myofibers as a single cell sheet. The functional muscle tissue is produced by layering multiple myofiber sheets on a fibrin-based gel. This gel environment promotes myofiber maturation, provides the tissue an elastic platform for contraction, and allows the attachment of a measurement device. Since this multilayering approach is effective in enhancing the contractile ability of the muscle tissue, this muscle tissue generates a significantly high contractile force that can be measured quantitatively. The multilayered muscle tissue shows unidirectional contraction from electrical and chemical stimulation. In addition, their physiological responses to representative drugs can be determined quantitatively in real time by changes in contractile force and fatigue resistance. These physiological properties indicate that the engineered muscle tissue can become a promising tissue model for preclinical in vitro studies in muscle physiology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Takahashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Haruno Wakayama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nagase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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20
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Ulupınar S, Özbay S, Gençoğlu C, Hazır T. Low-to-Moderate Correlations Between Repeated Sprint Ability and Aerobic Capacity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Strength Cond J 2023. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Bhati P, Hussain ME. Impact of resistance training on muscle fatigue in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients during dynamic fatigue protocol. Physiother Theory Pract 2023; 39:26-38. [PMID: 34749586 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.2001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often accompanied with several neuromuscular complications of which muscle fatigue is one of the scantily studied and less-explored complication of this disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) on muscle fatigue markers from electromyography (EMG) and capillary blood in T2DM patients. METHODS Forty T2DM patients were randomized to either RT (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). They were assessed for EMG indices of muscle fatigue along with blood lactate (at three time points: Lactatepre, Lactatepeak, Lactatepost) during a dynamic fatigue protocol. Dynamic fatigue protocol consisted of 5 sets of leg press exercise at 10 repetition maximum intensity. RT group performed moderate intensity (65%-75% 1 repetition maximum) RT 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Control group followed usual routine. RESULTS Findings revealed that EMG amplitude (root mean square) and Dimitrov's muscle fatigue index (FInsmk) decreased significantly while median frequency (MF) increased significantly during the dynamic fatigue protocol for both vastus medialis (Root mean square, p = .02; FInsmk, p = .001; MF, p < .001) and vastus lateralis muscle (Root mean square, p= .04,FInsmk,p = .01; MF, p < .001) post-RT. Blood lactate responses did not change after RT (Lactatepre, p = .55; Lactatepeak, p = .91; Lactatepost, p = .33). CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study illustrated that moderate intensity RT led to a significant reduction muscle fatigue in knee extensor muscles of T2DM patients. These results reinforce the utilization of RT in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhati
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
| | - M Ejaz Hussain
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Chandu-Budhera, Gurugram, India
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22
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Seshadri DR, Harlow ER, Thom ML, Emery MS, Phelan DM, Hsu JJ, Düking P, De Mey K, Sheehan J, Geletka B, Flannery R, Calcei JG, Karns M, Salata MJ, Gabbett TJ, Voos JE. Wearable technology in the sports medicine clinic to guide the return-to-play and performance protocols of athletes following a COVID-19 diagnosis. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231177498. [PMID: 37434736 PMCID: PMC10331194 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231177498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enabled the adoption of digital health platforms for self-monitoring and diagnosis. Notably, the pandemic has had profound effects on athletes and their ability to train and compete. Sporting organizations worldwide have reported a significant increase in injuries manifesting from changes in training regimens and match schedules resulting from extended quarantines. While current literature focuses on the use of wearable technology to monitor athlete workloads to guide training, there is a lack of literature suggesting how such technology can mediate the return to sport processes of athletes infected with COVID-19. This paper bridges this gap by providing recommendations to guide team physicians and athletic trainers on the utility of wearable technology for improving the well-being of athletes who may be asymptomatic, symptomatic, or tested negative but have had to quarantine due to a close exposure. We start by describing the physiologic changes that occur in athletes infected with COVID-19 with extended deconditioning from a musculoskeletal, psychological, cardiopulmonary, and thermoregulatory standpoint and review the evidence on how these athletes may safely return to play. We highlight opportunities for wearable technology to aid in the return-to-play process by offering a list of key parameters pertinent to the athlete affected by COVID-19. This paper provides the athletic community with a greater understanding of how wearable technology can be implemented in the rehabilitation process of these athletes and spurs opportunities for further innovations in wearables, digital health, and sports medicine to reduce injury burden in athletes of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv R Seshadri
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ethan R Harlow
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mitchell L Thom
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael S Emery
- Sports Cardiology Center, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dermot M Phelan
- Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Düking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, Department of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benjamin Geletka
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Rehabilitation Services and Sports Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Flannery
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jacob G Calcei
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Karns
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Salata
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Australia
- School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - James E Voos
- University Hospitals Sports Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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23
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Moored KD, Qiao Y(S, Boudreau RM, Roe LS, Cawthon PM, Cauley JA, Glynn NW. Prospective Associations Between Physical Activity and Perceived Fatigability in Older Men: Differences by Activity Type and Baseline Marital Status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2498-2506. [PMID: 35134905 PMCID: PMC9799181 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower physical activity has been cross-sectionally associated with greater perceived fatigability, defined as self-reported fatigue anchored to activity intensity and duration. The temporality of this relationship, and whether it differs by activity type or marital status, remains unclear. METHODS In the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (N = 1 759), self-reported total, exercise, and household activity were assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly across 7 visits (2000-2016). The Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (range: 0-50; higher scores = greater fatigability) measured physical (mean = 16.6 ± 9.7) and mental (mean = 7.8 ± 8.3) fatigability at Year 14. Least absolute deviation and linear regression were used to examine associations between baseline and change in activity over 14 years with subsequent fatigability. Models were adjusted for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS After adjustment, lower baseline (β= -0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.12, -0.04) and greater annual declines in total activity (β = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.05) were prospectively associated with higher Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical scores. Associations were similar for mental fatigability (both p < .05). Lower baseline leisure exercise, but not baseline household activity, predicted higher PFS Physical scores (β = -0.10 vs -0.001). In contrast, greater declines in household activity, but not declines in exercise, were associated with higher PFS Physical scores (β = -0.09 vs -0.03). Lower baseline household activity predicted higher PFS Mental scores only for unmarried men (β = -0.15, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.01, interaction p = .019). CONCLUSIONS Baseline total activity and leisure exercise, and declines in total and household activity, were associated with higher subsequent perceived fatigability in older men. Marital status may mitigate the contribution of household activity to subsequent fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Moored
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yujia (Susanna) Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren S Roe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Luti S, Militello R, Fiaschi T, Magherini F, Gamberi T, Parri M, Marzocchini R, Pratesi S, Soldaini R, Modesti A, Modesti PA. Preliminary results indicate that regular training induces high protection against oxidative stress in basketball players compared to soccer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18526. [PMID: 36323868 PMCID: PMC9630319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In elite athlete several metabolic changes occur during regular training. These modifications are associated with changes in blood metabolic profile and can lead to adaptive mechanisms aimed at establish a new dynamic equilibrium, which guarantees better performance. The goal of this study was to characterize the plasma metabolic profile and redox homeostasis, in athletes practicing two different team sports such as soccer and basketball in order to identify potential metabolic pathways underlying the differences in training programs. A cohort of 30 male, 20 professional players (10 soccer and 10 basketballs) and 10 sedentary males as control were enrolled in the study. Plasma redox balance, metabolites and adiponectin were determined. The results show low levels of oxidative species (25.5%), with both high antioxidant capacity (17.6%) and adiponectin level (64.4%) in plasma from basketball players, in comparison to soccer players. Metabolic analysis indicates in basketball players a significant high plasma level of amino acids Valine and Ornithine both involved in redox homeostasis and anti-inflammatory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Luti
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Militello
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Parri
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzocchini
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Pratesi
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Soldaini
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro A. Modesti
- grid.8404.80000 0004 1757 2304Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Germain P, Delalande A, Pichon C. Role of Muscle LIM Protein in Mechanotransduction Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179785. [PMID: 36077180 PMCID: PMC9456170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of protein synthesis is crucial to counteract the deconditioning of neuromuscular system and its atrophy. In the past, hormones and cytokines acting as growth factors involved in the intracellular events of these processes have been identified, while the implications of signaling pathways associated with the anabolism/catabolism ratio in reference to the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been recently identified. Among them, the mechanotransduction resulting from a mechanical stress applied to the cell appears increasingly interesting as a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. At present, there is an open question regarding the type of stress to apply in order to induce anabolic events or the type of mechanical strain with respect to the possible mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes involved in muscle cells protein synthesis. This review is focused on the muscle LIM protein (MLP), a structural and mechanosensing protein with a LIM domain, which is expressed in the sarcomere and costamere of striated muscle cells. It acts as a transcriptional cofactor during cell proliferation after its nuclear translocation during the anabolic process of differentiation and rebuilding. Moreover, we discuss the possible opportunity of stimulating this mechanotransduction process to counteract the muscle atrophy induced by anabolic versus catabolic disorders coming from the environment, aging or myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Germain
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Prevent Chronic Diseases during the COVID Pandemic and Beyond. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164666. [PMID: 36012905 PMCID: PMC9410464 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Design and Validation of a Virtual Physical Education and Sport Science-Related Course: A Learner's Engagement Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137636. [PMID: 35805306 PMCID: PMC9265633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Learners’ engagement is shown to be a major predictor of learning, performance, and course completion as well as course satisfaction. It is easier to engage learners in a face-to-face teaching and learning format since the teacher can observe and interpret the learner’s facial expression and body language. However, in a virtual setting with the students sitting behind cameras, it is difficult to ascertain engagement as the students might be absent-mindedly attending the class. Henceforth, with the rapid transition to online learning, designing course content that could actively engage the students towards achieving the said elements is, therefore, necessary. We applied a data-driven approach in designing a virtual physical education and sport science−related course via a learner engagement model. A fully online course catering to 132 students that runs for a total of 14 weeks was used as a case study to develop the course. The study was conducted during the 2020/2021 academic year, which was the period of the peak COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. The delivery of the course content was implemented in stages to achieve three essential educational outcomes namely, skill and knowledge acquisition, and personal development as well as course satisfaction. We hypothesised that the developed learners’ engagement approach will promote the students’ acquisition of skills and knowledge and foster the personal development of the students through fitness improvement. It is also hypothesised that the students will be satisfied with the course developed upon successful completion. A chi-square analysis projected a statistically significant difference in the skill and knowledge acquisition before and after the programme (p < 0.001). A Wilcoxon rank-sum test demonstrated personal improvement in the overall fitness of the student upon completing the prescribed activity of the course content. Moreover, a total of 96.2%, 95.5% and 93.2% of students expressed their satisfaction with the clarity of the learning objectives, good organisational and course content plan, and appropriate workload of the course designed, respectively. There is sufficient evidence to accept all hypotheses formulated, and hence, we postulated that, since students spend more time outside the classroom, out-of-class learners’ engagement activity should be considered when designing a virtual course to promote lifelong learning, experience, and higher-order thinking. The techniques presented herein could be useful to academics, professionals, and other relevant stakeholders in developing virtual course content within a specific domain of interest.
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28
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Volosin M, Horváth J. Force and electromyography reflections of sensory action-effect weighting during pinching. Hum Mov Sci 2022; 84:102969. [PMID: 35704968 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.102969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ideomotor theories suggest that different action-effects are not equally important in goal-directed actions, and that task-relevant information are weighted stronger during the representation of actions. This stronger weighting of task-relevant action-effects might also enable to utilize them as retrieval cues of the corresponding motor patterns. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the consistent presence or absence of a sound action-effect influenced the retrieval of the motor components of a simple, everyday action (pinching) as reflected by the pattern of force application and surface electromyogram (sEMG) recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI). Participants applied pairs of pinch impulses to a force sensitive resistor (FSR). The presence or absence of a sound action-effect and the between-action interval (BAI, 2 or 4 s) were manipulated blockwise, whereas the target force level (low or high) was randomly cued from trial to trial. When actions resulted in a sound, force and sEMG activity were reduced. This effect was more pronounced for low target force level trials, which is compatible with a stronger weighting of the sound action-effect when the intensity of the tactile and proprioceptive action-effects is low. Surprisingly, the FDI activity was more variable within actions pairs in the 2 s BAI conditions, which suggests that action pairs separated by the longer time interval might have been represented differently from those separated by the shorter interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Volosin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Egyetem utca 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Horváth
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Bécsi út 324, H-1037 Budapest, Hungary.
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29
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Iamonti VC, Souza GF, Castro AAM, Porto EF, Cruz LGB, Colucci E, Colucci M, Sarmento A, Nascimento OA, Jardim JR. Upper Limb Anaerobic Metabolism Capacity is Reduced in Mild and Moderate COPD Patients. COPD 2022; 19:265-273. [PMID: 35639442 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2022.2079485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available regarding the role of anaerobic metabolism capacity on GOLD 1 and 2 COPD patients during upper limb exercise. We aimed to compare the upper limb anaerobic power capacity, blood lactate concentration, cardiovascular and respiratory responses, in male COPD patients versus healthy subjects during the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). The rate of fatigue and time constant of the power output decay (τ, tau) were also calculated and a regression analysis model was built to assess the predictors of τ in these patients. Twenty-four male COPD patients (post-bronchodilator FEV1 73.2 ± 15.3% of predicted) and 17 healthy subjects (FEV1 103.5 ± 10.1% of predicted) underwent the WAnT. Measurements were performed at rest, at the end of the WAnT, and during 3' and 5' of recovery time. Peak power (p = 0.04), low power (p = 0.002), and mean power output (p = 0.008) were significantly lower in COPD patients than in healthy subjects. Power output decreased exponentially in both groups, but at a significantly faster rate (p = 0.007) in COPD patients. The time constant of power decay was associated with resistance (in ohms) and fat-free mass (r2 = 0.604, adjusted r2 = 0.555, and p = 0.002). Blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in healthy subjects at the end of the test, as well as during 3' and 5' of recovery time (p < 0.01). Compared with healthy subjects, COPD patients with GOLD 1 and 2 presented lower upper limb anaerobic capacity and a faster rate of power output decrease during a maximal intensity exercise. Also, the WAnT proved to be a valid tool to measure the upper limb anaerobic capacity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius C Iamonti
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerson F Souza
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Antonio A M Castro
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal dos Pampas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Elias F Porto
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Centro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais G B Cruz
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colucci
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Colucci
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sarmento
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Oliver A Nascimento
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Jardim
- Division of Pneumology - Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effects and Causes of Detraining in Athletes Due to COVID-19: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095400. [PMID: 35564795 PMCID: PMC9102934 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several aspects of systemic alterations caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resultant COVID-19 disease have been currently explored in the general population. However, very little is known about these particular aspects in sportsmen and sportswomen. We believe that the most important element to take into account is the neuromuscular aspect, due to the implications that this system entails in motion execution and coordination. In this context, deficient neuromuscular control when performing dynamic actions can be an important risk factor for injury. Therefore, data in this review refer mainly to problems derived in the short term from athletes who have suffered this pathology, taking into account that COVID-19 is a very new disease and the presented data are still not conclusive. The review addresses two key aspects: performance alteration and the return to regular professional physical activity. COVID-19 causes metabolic-respiratory, muscular, cardiac, and neurological alterations that are accompanied by a situation of stress. All of these have a clear influence on performance but at the same time in the strategy of returning to optimal conditions to train and compete again after infection. From the clinical evidence, the resumption of physical training and sports activity should be carried out progressively, both in terms of time and intensity.
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31
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Marotta L, Scheltinga BL, van Middelaar R, Bramer WM, van Beijnum BJF, Reenalda J, Buurke JH. Accelerometer-Based Identification of Fatigue in the Lower Limbs during Cyclical Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22083008. [PMID: 35458993 PMCID: PMC9025833 DOI: 10.3390/s22083008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) is beneficial for both physical and psychological health aspects. However, excessive training can lead to physical fatigue and an increased risk of lower limb injuries. In order to tailor training loads and durations to the needs and capacities of an individual, physical fatigue must be estimated. Different measurement devices and techniques (i.e., ergospirometers, electromyography, and motion capture systems) can be used to identify physical fatigue. The field of biomechanics has succeeded in capturing changes in human movement with optical systems, as well as with accelerometers or inertial measurement units (IMUs), the latter being more user-friendly and adaptable to real-world scenarios due to its wearable nature. There is, however, still a lack of consensus regarding the possibility of using biomechanical parameters measured with accelerometers to identify physical fatigue states in PE. Nowadays, the field of biomechanics is beginning to open towards the possibility of identifying fatigue state using machine learning algorithms. Here, we selected and summarized accelerometer-based articles that either (a) performed analyses of biomechanical parameters that change due to fatigue in the lower limbs or (b) performed fatigue identification based on features including biomechanical parameters. We performed a systematic literature search and analysed 39 articles on running, jumping, walking, stair climbing, and other gym exercises. Peak tibial and sacral acceleration were the most common measured variables and were found to significantly increase with fatigue (respectively, in 6/13 running articles and 2/4 jumping articles). Fatigue classification was performed with an accuracy between 78% and 96% and Pearson’s correlation with an RPE (rate of perceived exertion) between r = 0.79 and r = 0.95. We recommend future effort toward the standardization of fatigue protocols and methods across articles in order to generalize fatigue identification results and increase the use of accelerometers to quantify physical fatigue in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marotta
- Roessingh Research and Development, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.L.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.v.M.); (B.-J.F.v.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bouke L. Scheltinga
- Roessingh Research and Development, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.L.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.v.M.); (B.-J.F.v.B.)
| | - Robbert van Middelaar
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.v.M.); (B.-J.F.v.B.)
| | - Wichor M. Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Bert-Jan F. van Beijnum
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.v.M.); (B.-J.F.v.B.)
| | - Jasper Reenalda
- Roessingh Research and Development, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.L.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.v.M.); (B.-J.F.v.B.)
| | - Jaap H. Buurke
- Roessingh Research and Development, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.L.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS), University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (R.v.M.); (B.-J.F.v.B.)
- Roessingh Rehabilitation Centre, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands
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Umutlu G. Heavy-intensity cycling and running work-rate associated to VO2max affects isokinetic strength, the dynamic control ratio but not the conventional H:Q ratio. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bilateral strength asymmetry and fatigue predispose athletes to various injuries and conventional methods appear to be poor predictors of lower extremity muscular performance under NF conditions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare the conventional Hcon/Qcon (HQR) ratio and the dynamic control ratio (DCR: Hecc/Qcon) under non-fatiguing (NF) and fatiguing (F) conditions and verify the effects of heavy-intensity constant running and cycling exercise on the isokinetic performance. METHODS: Twenty healthy male participants performed running and cycling VO2max at work-rate associated with the achievement of VO2max (TTE). Isokinetic muscle strength performance was tested at 60 and 180∘/s before and after these sessions with 48-hour intervals. Quadriceps (QFR) and hamstring (HFR) muscle fatigue rates were also calculated during these sessions. Blood lactate concentration was measured before and two-minutes after running and cycling TTE. RESULTS: No between-condition differences were found for the HQR while the DCR decreased significantly at 180∘/s following cycling and running sessions (p< 0.05). Cycling TTE was positively correlated with in dominant (r= 0.535, p= 0.015) and non-dominant (r= 0.446, p= 0.048) QFR. Positive correlations were also found between running TTE and dominant (r= 0.500, p= 0.25) and non-dominant (r= 0.465, p= 0.039) HFR. CONCLUSIONS: The DCR obtained at fast angular velocities following a strenuous exercise seems to be the best indicator of muscle performance while its assessment under F conditions reveals higher ratios compared to NF conditions and conventional methods.
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de Carvalho AR, Reginato A, Reginato GA, Schuck KSR, Neves M, Bertolini GRF. Aussie current and quadriceps muscle endurance: a randomized clinical trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Nyawo TA, Obonye N, Nyambuya TM, Nkambule BB, Silvestri S, Tiano L, Muller CJF, Dludla PV. Impact of physical exercise and caloric restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction as ideal therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2022; 297:120467. [PMID: 35271881 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction are some of the major pathological defects implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, it has become necessary to understand how common interventions such as physical exercise and caloric restriction affect metabolic function, including physiological processes that implicate skeletal muscle dysfunction within a state of T2D. This review critically discusses evidence on the impact of physical exercise and caloric restriction on markers of insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction within the skeletal muscle of patients with T2D or related metabolic complications. Importantly, relevant information from clinical studies was acquired through a systematic approach targeting major electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library. The reported evidence suggests that interventions like physical exercise and caloric restriction, within a duration of approximately 2 to 4 months, can improve insulin sensitivity, in part by targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B pathway in patients with T2D. Furthermore, both physical exercise and caloric restriction can effectively modulate markers related to improved mitochondrial function and dynamics. This was consistent with an improved modulation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reduced production of reactive oxygen species in patients with T2D or related metabolic complications. However, such conclusions are based on limited evidence, additional clinical trials are required to better understand these interventions on pathological mechanisms of T2D and related abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Thembeka A Nyawo
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Nnini Obonye
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sonia Silvestri
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Schmaljohann H, Eikenaar C, Sapir N. Understanding the ecological and evolutionary function of stopover in migrating birds. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1231-1252. [PMID: 35137518 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Global movement patterns of migratory birds illustrate their fascinating physical and physiological abilities to cross continents and oceans. During their voyages, most birds land multiple times to make so-called 'stopovers'. Our current knowledge on the functions of stopover is mainly based on the proximate study of departure decisions. However, such studies are insufficient to gauge fully the ecological and evolutionary functions of stopover. If we study how a focal trait, e.g. changes in energy stores, affects the decision to depart from a stopover without considering the trait(s) that actually caused the bird to land, e.g. unfavourable environmental conditions for flight, we misinterpret the function of the stopover. It is thus important to realise and acknowledge that stopovers have many different functions, and that not every migrant has the same (set of) reasons to stop-over. Additionally, we may obtain contradictory results because the significance of different traits to a migrant is context dependent. For instance, late spring migrants may be more prone to risk-taking and depart from a stopover with lower energy stores than early spring migrants. Thus, we neglect that departure decisions are subject to selection to minimise immediate (mortality risk) and/or delayed (low future reproductive output) fitness costs. To alleviate these issues, we first define stopover as an interruption of migratory endurance flight to minimise immediate and/or delayed fitness costs. Second, we review all probable functions of stopover, which include accumulating energy, various forms of physiological recovery and avoiding adverse environmental conditions for flight, and list potential other functions that are less well studied, such as minimising predation, recovery from physical exhaustion and spatiotemporal adjustments to migration. Third, derived from these aspects, we argue for a paradigm shift in stopover ecology research. This includes focusing on why an individual interrupts its migratory flight, which is more likely to identify the individual-specific function(s) of the stopover correctly than departure-decision studies. Moreover, we highlight that the selective forces acting on stopover decisions are context dependent and are expected to differ between, e.g. K-/r-selected species, the sexes and migration strategies. For example, all else being equal, r-selected species (low survival rate, high reproductive rate) should have a stronger urge to continue the migratory endurance flight or resume migration from a stopover because the potential increase in immediate fitness costs suffered from a flight is offset by the expected higher reproductive success in the subsequent breeding season. Finally, we propose to focus less on proximate mechanisms controlling landing and departure decisions, and more on ultimate mechanisms to identify the selective forces shaping stopover decisions. Our ideas are not limited to birds but can be applied to any migratory species. Our revised definition of stopover and the proposed paradigm shift has the potential to stimulate a fruitful discussion towards a better evolutionary ecological understanding of the functions of stopover. Furthermore, identifying the functions of stopover will support targeted measures to conserve and restore the functionality of stopover sites threatened by anthropogenic environmental changes. This is especially important for long-distance migrants, which currently are in alarming decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schmaljohann
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences (IBU), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, Oldenburg, 26129, Germany.,Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven, 26386, Germany
| | - Cas Eikenaar
- Institute of Avian Research, An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven, 26386, Germany
| | - Nir Sapir
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
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Triolo M, Slavin M, Moradi N, Hood DA. Time‐dependent changes in autophagy, mitophagy and lysosomes in skeletal muscle during denervation‐induced disuse. J Physiol 2022; 600:1683-1701. [DOI: 10.1113/jp282173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Triolo
- Muscle Health Research Centre York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Mikhaela Slavin
- Muscle Health Research Centre York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Neushaw Moradi
- Muscle Health Research Centre York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science York University Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
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Huntula S, Lalert L, Punsawad C. The Effects of Exercise on Aging-Induced Exaggerated Cytokine Responses: An Interdisciplinary Discussion. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:3619362. [PMID: 35106183 PMCID: PMC8801319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3619362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aging is generally known to be associated with dynamic biological changes, physiological dysfunction, and environmental and psychological decline. Several studies have suggested that aging is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines, causing several diseases. However, the effect of exercise on aging has been less delineated, and the relationships between cytokine activation, aging, and exercise also need further study. Here, we discuss some ideas about the effect of exercise on aging-induced exaggerated cytokine responses and discuss the possible roles of the aging-induced exaggerated cytokine response following exercise. Evidence from these findings suggests that exercise is a beneficially applicable model to use in studies on the mechanisms underlying the age-associated gradated cytokine response, and these results may provide guidelines for health professionals with diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontaraporn Huntula
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Lalert
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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38
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Olson TL, Dames KD, Smith JD, Hayward R. Relationships between Physiological and Self-Reported Assessment of Cancer-Related Fatigue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2022; 15:177-190. [PMID: 36895434 PMCID: PMC9987435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between subjective, self-reported cancer related fatigue (CRF) and objective measures of muscular strength and fatigability in cancer survivors. A total of 155 cancer survivors (60 ± 13 years of age) completed a questionnaire for the assessment of CRF, along with assessments of handgrip strength, quadriceps strength and fatigability (reduced force/torque). Fatigability was measured by completing 15 maximal isokinetic contractions of the knee extensors (QFI). Spearman's rho correlation coefficients were calculated as pairwise combinations of the numerical and categorical dependent measures. Categorical variables were analyzed via nonparametric means of association. This included a 4×4 chi-square to test whether cancer stage (0-4) was independent of fatigue status (none, mild, moderate, severe) and whether cancer treatment (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or combinations of these) was independent of fatigue status. None of the physiological strength and fatigue measures were significantly correlated to overall perceived fatigue or any of the subscales. Cancer stage and treatment type were also not significantly related to fatigue status (likelihood ratio = .225, Cramer's V = .228; likelihood ratio = .103, Cramer's V = .369, respectively). Our results show that levels of patient reported fatigue severity were not significantly related to muscular fatigability or strength. As a result, cancer patients experiencing fatigue may benefit from following the standard exercise guidelines for cancer survivors, regardless of their levels of self-reported fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista L Olson
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA.,University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Kevin D Dames
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA.,University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Jeremy D Smith
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA
| | - Reid Hayward
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA.,University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, Greeley, CO, USA
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Tsoukos A, Bogdanis GC. The Effects of a Five-Month Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on Physical Fitness Parameters in Adolescent Students: A Comparison between Cohorts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010326. [PMID: 35010588 PMCID: PMC8751170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study examined the effects of a five-month lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on physical fitness parameters in urban adolescent male and female students. Methods: Two hundred and ninety-three male and female students (age: 15.8 ± 0.3 years) who attended the fourth grade of the same high school during the years 2016–2017 (first control group), 2018–2019 (second control group) and 2020–2021 (lockdown group) took part in the present study. Results: The percentage of overweight and obese students, according to body mass index, increased in males from 16.0% (2016–2017) and 14.6% (2018–2019), to 36.7% in 2020–2021 (p < 0.01), and in females from 8.6% (2016–2017) and 7.0% (2016–2017), to 25.6% in 2020–2021 (p < 0.01). Lower body fitness, as assessed by jumping, sprinting and agility tests, was impaired for both males and females after the lockdown compared with the 2016–2017 and 2018–2019 cohorts (vertical jumps: 10.4–15.1%; p < 0.01; d = 0.58–1.01, 30 m sprint: 3.7–4.9%; p < 0.01; d = 0.62–0.74; 505 agility test: from 6.1% to 9.4%; p < 0.01; d = 0.80–1.04). However, flexibility and performance in upper-body fitness tests (handgrip maximum isometric strength and medicine ball throws with different loads) was significantly reduced only in males after the lockdown (p < 0.05 to 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that a five-month lockdown negative influenced the physical fitness of adolescent students. Notably, greater reductions were observed in upper body strength, power and flexibility in males than in females. These results highlight the need to maintain strength, power and body mass during long periods of inactivity in adolescent populations.
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Travis SK, Mujika I, Zwetsloot KA, Gentles JA, Stone MH, Bazyler CD. The Effects of 3 vs. 5 Days of Training Cessation on Maximal Strength. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 36:633-640. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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de Vitta A, Campos LD, Bento T, Felippe LA, Maciel NM, Perrucini P. Thoracic Spine Pain and Factors Associated in High School Students. Pain Manag Nurs 2021; 23:517-523. [PMID: 34949546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic spine pain (TSP) is relatively common in children and adolescents. AIMS To determine the prevalence of TSP in adolescents and analyze its association with sociodemographic characteristics, use of electronic devices, physical activity, and mental health. DESIGN Cross-sectional epidemiological study. SETTING A high school in Bauru City, São Paulo, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS/SUBJECTS In total, 1,628 students aged 14-18 years. METHODS Participants were selected by cluster sampling in two stages, and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data regarding the following were collected: (1) sociodemographic aspects; (2) use of electronic devices; (3) regular physical activity level; (4) mental health; and (5) TSP. RESULTS The prevalence of TSP was 51.5% (95% confidence interval, 49.1-53.9) and the variables associated with TSP were female participant sex (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.96; 1.61-2.38), use of computers for >3 hours per day (PR = 1.29; 1.01-1.66), use of computers >3 times per week (PR = 1.35; 1.03-1.75), use of cell phones in a semi-lying position (PR = 1.37; 1.11-1.69), use of cell phones for >3 hours per day (PR = 1.44; 1.12-1.85), use of tablets in the sitting position (PR = 1.47; 1.07-2.01), and presence of mental health problems (PR = 2.10; 1.63-2.70). Physical activity was a protective factor (PR = 0.84; 0.73-0.96). CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of TSP in adolescents, with a marked association with female participant sex, use of electronic devices, and presence of mental health problems Physical activity is a protective factor. Understanding the relationship between risk factors and adolescent spinal pain may be important in both the prevention and treatment of spinal pain in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto de Vitta
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitário das Faculdades Integradas de Ourinhos, Ourinhos, Brazil.
| | | | - Thiago Bento
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Sagrado Coração (UNISAGRADO), Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Nicoly Machado Maciel
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Rehabilitation Program and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Perrucini
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Anhanguera (UNIDERP), Campo Grande (MS), Brazil
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Chwała W, Pogwizd P, Rydzik Ł, Ambroży T. Effect of Vibration Massage and Passive Rest on Recovery of Muscle Strength after Short-Term Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111680. [PMID: 34770194 PMCID: PMC8582811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of vibration massage and passive rest on accelerating the process of muscle recovery after short-term intense exercise. Methods: Eighty-four healthy men aged 20 to 25 years participated in the study. Study participants performed isometric (ISO-M Group) and auxotonic (AUX-M group) contraction exercise in the lower limbs. Vibration massage was administered after exercise in the first recovery period. In the same period, controls rested passively, without the support of vibration massage. To assess the effectiveness of the applied vibration, a 4-fold measurement of the maximum force of the muscles involved in the exercise was performed under conditions of isometric contractions on a leg press machine set at an angle of 45° degrees upwards. Results: Differences in maximum strength during isometric contraction were found compared to baseline in favor of the groups subjected to the experimental vibration massage. Differences were demonstrated in muscle strength between the study groups (p < 0.005). The second period of passive rest in all groups did not bring significant changes in the values of maximal lower limb strength. Conclusions: Properly selected characteristics of the vibration effect can be an effective method in accelerating recovery and regaining lost motor capabilities of muscle groups fatigued by exercise. This offers the potential to shorten rest periods between sets of repetitions in training or between training units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Chwała
- The Department of Biomechanics, University of Physical Education, Al. Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Paweł Pogwizd
- Research and Development Department of Vitberg, Marcina Borelowskiego 29, 33-300 Nowy Sącz, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Rydzik
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-730-696-377
| | - Tadeusz Ambroży
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
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Lee K, Kim J, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 Ameliorates Sarcopenia by Improving Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Aged Balb/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810023. [PMID: 34576187 PMCID: PMC8466743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in elderly people and can lead to physical frailty and fall-related injuries. Sarcopenia is an inevitable event of the aging process that substantially impacts a person's quality of life. Recent studies to improve muscle function through the intake of various functional food materials are attracting attention. However, it is not yet known whether probiotics can improve muscle mass and muscle strength and affect physical performance. Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 (HY7715) is a lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. The present research shows that L. plantarum HY7715 increases physical performance and skeletal muscle mass in 80-week-old aged Balb/c male mice. HY7715 not only induces myoblast differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis but also inhibits the sarcopenic process in skeletal muscle. In addition, HY7715 recovers the microbiome composition and beta-diversity shift. Therefore, HY7715 has promise as a functional probiotic supplement to improve the degeneration of muscle function that is associated with aging.
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Qiao Y(S, Gmelin T, Renner SW, Boudreau RM, Martin S, Wojczynski MK, Christensen K, Andersen SL, Cosentino S, Santanasto AJ, Glynn NW. Evaluation of the Bidirectional Relations of Perceived Physical Fatigability and Physical Activity on Slower Gait Speed. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:e237-e244. [PMID: 33170216 PMCID: PMC8436994 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower physical activity levels and greater fatigability contribute independently to slower gait speed in older adults. To fully understand the bidirectional relations between physical activity and fatigability, and to inform potential intervention strategies, we examined whether physical activity or fatigability explains more of the other factor's association on slower gait speed. METHODS Two generations (probands and offspring) of older adults (N = 2079, mean age 73.0 ± 10.0 years, 54.2% women, 99.7% White) enrolled in the Long Life Family Study were assessed at Visit 2 (2014-2017). Self-reported physical activity was measured with the Framingham Physical Activity Index and perceived physical fatigability using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale. Statistical mediation analyses were conducted separately by generation with linear mixed-effect models accounting for family relatedness and adjusted for demographics, health conditions, and field center. RESULTS Greater perceived physical fatigability explained the association of lower physical activity on slower gait speed via a 22.5% attenuation of the direct association (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.0%-35.2%) for the probands and 39.5% (95% CI: 22.8%-62.6%) for the offspring. Whereas lower physical activity explained the association of greater perceived fatigability on slower gait speed via a 22.5% attenuation of the direct association (95% CI: 13.4%-32.8%) for the probands and 6.7% (95% CI: 3.8%-15.4%) for the offspring. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the impact of greater perceived physical fatigability on the association between lower physical activity and slower gait speed differs between younger-old and middle-to-oldest-old adults, indicating perceived physical fatigability as a potential mediator in the disablement pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Gmelin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon W Renner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam J Santanasto
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Silva DR, Werneck AO, Malta DC, Romero D, Souza-Júnior PRB, Azevedo LO, Barros MBA, Szwarcwald CL. Changes in movement behaviors and back pain during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Braz J Phys Ther 2021; 25:819-825. [PMID: 34548211 PMCID: PMC8414526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quarantine periods change routines and behaviors with potential impact on different health outcomes. Objective To determine the association between changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviors with changes in back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine among Brazilian adults. Methods This was a nationwide survey through online questionnaires using data from 43,062 adults (≥ 18 years of age). Information on back pain was assessed using questions about episodes of back pain and worsening symptoms during the quarantine. The pattern of movement behaviors adopted before and during the pandemic were considered for physical inactivity (< 150 min/week of activity), high TV-viewing (≥ 4 h/d), and high computer/tablet use (≥ 4 h/d). Covariates included sex, age group, academic achievement, skin color, working status during the quarantine, and adherence to the quarantine. Logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses (weighted for national representativity). Results Becoming inactive (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.32, 2.37), with high TV-viewing (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.61) and high computer/tablet use (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.73) during the pandemic were associated with a higher incidence of back pain. The incidence of physical inactivity was also associated with increased back pain (OR=2.71, 95%CI: 1.64, 4.48). Conclusions We conclude that increased physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors due to the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine are associated with the incidence and worsening symptoms of back pain among Brazilian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah C Malta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dalia Romero
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo R B Souza-Júnior
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Azevedo
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilisa B A Barros
- Department of Public Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia L Szwarcwald
- Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde (ICICT), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Siervo M, Rubele S, Shannon OM, Prado CM, Donini LM, Zamboni M, Homayounfar R, Farjam M, Faghih S, Mazidi M. Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity and association with metabolic syndrome in an adult Iranian cohort: The Fasa PERSIAN cohort study. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12459. [PMID: 33946126 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterised by a concomitant high fat mass (FM) and low fat free mass (FFM) leading to an increased cardio-metabolic risk. This analysis aims to estimate the SO prevalence in Iranian adults and evaluate the association of SO with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. This cross-sectional analysis included 4296 subjects (age 35-70 years, 55.2% females). Body composition parameters, measured by bioelectrical impedance included: FM, FFM, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and skeletal mass index. SO was classified according to five criteria: (1) FM%-SMI; (2) FM%-ALM/% weight (wt%); (3) FM%-ALM/body mass index (BMI); (4) Residuals of ALM and FM and (5) FM/FFM Ratio. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to explore the association between SO models with MetS risk stratified by gender. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the best FM/FFM ratio cut-off value for detecting MetS cases in males and females. The prevalence of SO varied between 4% and 26% depending upon the classification method. The prevalence of MetS was 12.8% and 31.6% in males and females, respectively. SO models based on ALM/wt% and FM/FFM ratio showed the strongest association with MetS risk in males (OR: 11.5, 95%CI: 7.5-17.7, p < 0.001 and OR: 10.1, 95%CI: 6.9-14.7, p < 0.001, respectively) and females (OR: 4.1, 95%CI: 3.0-5.6, p < 0.001 and OR: 4.6, 95%CI: 3.5-5.9, p < 0.001, respectively). SO is a prevalent condition in an adult Iranian population and the ALM/wt% and the FM/FFM ratio models of SO appeared to be associated with higher MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sofia Rubele
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Carla M Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Zamboni
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Division of Geriatrics, Healthy Aging Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farjam
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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47
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Yoon EJ, Seong HR, Kyung J, Kim D, Park S, Choi EK, Kim YB, Park D. Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211035409. [PMID: 34318707 PMCID: PMC8323423 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211035409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were
investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were
transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs
(1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor
activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as
well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving
time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum
swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was
superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs
markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine
transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and
hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum
triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the
level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs
enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue
injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Yoon
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Seong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jangbeen Kyung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dajeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sangryong Park
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ehn-Kyoung Choi
- Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun-Bae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.,Central Research Institute, Designed Cells Co., Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dongsun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
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48
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Nakisa N, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M. Evaluating the probable effects of the COVID-19 epidemic detraining on athletes’ physiological traits and performance. APUNTS SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8015424 DOI: 10.1016/j.apunsm.2021.100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The existing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19 outbreak has become the chief health concern all over the world. This universal epidemic with high morbidity and mortality rate affected the sports world as well as other fields of human life. In this situation, the routine and professional training of soccer players has been canceled. alterations in the training features including frequency, volume, and intensity might result in fitness detraining which will definitely have unpleasant effects on their professional life, including alterations in their physiological traits and performance. The purpose of the current study is to shed light on the probable effects of the COVID-19 epidemic detraining on athletes, in order to persuade coaches and athletes pay more attention to detraining unpleasant effects and make appropriate decisions, and employ effective strategies to reduce and prevent these effects and return to full fitness.
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49
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Shakhih MFM, Ridzuan N, Wahab AA, Zainuddin NF, Delestri LFU, Rosslan AS, Kadir MRA. Non-obstructive monitoring of muscle fatigue for low intensity dynamic exercise with infrared thermography technique. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:1447-1459. [PMID: 34156602 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been widely used in evaluating muscle fatigue among athletes where electrodes are attached on the skin during the activity. Recently, infrared thermography technique (IRT) has gain popularity and shown to be another preferred method in monitoring and predicting muscle fatigue non-obstructively. This paper investigates the correlation between surface temperature and muscle activation parameters obtained using both IRT and sEMG methods simultaneously. Twenty healthy subjects were required to perform a repetitive calf raise exercise with various loads attached around their ankle for 3 min to induce fatigue on the targeted gastrocnemius muscles. Average temperature and temperature difference information were extracted from thermal images, while root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) were extracted from sEMG signals. Spearman statistical analysis performed shows that there is a significant correlation between average temperature with RMS and between temperature difference with MF values at p<0.05. While ANOVA test conducted shows that there is significant impact of loads on RMS and MF where F=12.61 and 3.59, respectively, at p< 0.05. This study suggested that skin surface temperature can be utilized in monitoring and predicting muscle fatigue in low intensity dynamic exercise and can be extended to other dynamic exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faiz Md Shakhih
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nursyazana Ridzuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Asnida Abdul Wahab
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. .,Medical Devices and Technology Center (MEDITEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Farha Zainuddin
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Laila Fadhillah Ulta Delestri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Suzziani Rosslan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.,Sports Innovation Technology Centre (SITC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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50
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Burgess LC, Taylor P, Wainwright TW, Swain ID. Strength and endurance deficits in adults with moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis, compared to healthy, older adults. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:5563-5570. [PMID: 34157244 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1939797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compares lower limb muscle strength and endurance in adults with hip osteoarthritis, to an age-matched control group. METHODS Thirteen adults with moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis (as graded by the Oxford Hip Score) and fifteen older adults participated. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors, knee flexors and hip abductors and isotonic endurance of the knee extensors were measured using a dynamometer. Function was assessed using the 30-second chair stand test, the 40 m fast-paced walk test and a stair negotiation test. Data were compared between groups using t-tests. RESULTS Participants with hip osteoarthritis demonstrated weakness in the affected limb when compared to the control limb during knee flexion (34%, p = 0.004) and hip abduction (46%, p = 0.001). Weakness was also observed in the contralateral knee flexors (31%, p = 0.01). When compared to the control limb, the knee extensors of the hip osteoarthritis group were exhausted prematurely in the affected (70%, p = 0.001) and contralateral limb (62%, p = 0.005). The hip osteoarthritis group took twice as long to stair climb (p = 0.002), walked 40% slower, (p < 0.001), and had a 35% lower sit-stand performance (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis may be characterised by bilateral deficits in lower-limb maximal strength, markedly lower knee extensor endurance and impaired functional performance.Implications for rehabilitationIn addition to bilateral deficits in maximal strength of the hip and knee muscles, moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis may be characterised by markedly lower muscular endurance of the knee extensors and impaired functional performance.The endurance capacity of the knee extensors can play an important role in daily function, and thus it is important to consider endurance training principles when prescribing exercise for this patient group.Research studies evaluating exercise programmes underpinned by endurance training principles are required to understand the benefits to patients with hip osteoarthritis, and to inform specific exercise prescription in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Burgess
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Paul Taylor
- Department of Clinical Science and Engineering, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Odstock Medical Limited, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.,Faculty of Health and Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Thomas W Wainwright
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.,Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Ian D Swain
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
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