1
|
El Assar M, Rodríguez-Sánchez I, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Biomarkers of frailty. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 97:101271. [PMID: 38631189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Several biomarkers have been proposed to identify frailty, a multisystemic age-related syndrome. However, the complex pathophysiology and the absence of a consensus on a comprehensive and universal definition make it challenging to pinpoint a singular biomarker or set of biomarkers that conclusively characterize frailty. This review delves into the main laboratory biomarkers, placing special emphasis on those associated with various pathways closely tied to the frailty condition, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic and endocrine alterations and microRNA. Additionally, we provide a summary of different clinical biomarkers encompassing different tools that have been proposed to assess frailty. We further address various imaging biomarkers such as Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Bioelectrical Impedance analysis, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasound and D3 Creatine dilution. Intervention to treat frailty, including non-pharmacological ones, especially those involving physical exercise and nutrition, and pharmacological interventions, that include those targeting specific mechanisms such as myostatin inhibitors, insulin sensitizer metformin and with special relevance for hormonal treatments are mentioned. We further address the levels of different biomarkers in monitoring the potential positive effects of some of these interventions. Despite the availability of numerous biomarkers, their performance and usefulness in the clinical arena are far from being satisfactory. Considering the multicausality of frailty, there is an increasing need to assess the role of sets of biomarkers and the combination between laboratory, clinical and image biomarkers, in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the diagnosis and prognosis of the different outcomes of frailty to improve detection and monitoring of older people with frailty or at risk of developing it, being this a need in the everyday clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Jia C, Li S, Wang S, He Z, Wu G, Yu M, Lu Y, Yu D. Comparative genome-wide association study on body weight in Chinese native ducks using four models. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103899. [PMID: 38909509 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Jinling White duck represents a newly developed breed characterized by a rapid growth rate and a superior meat quality, offering significant economic value and research potential; however, the genetic basis underlying their body weight traits remains less understood. Here, we performed whole-genome resequencing for 201 diverse Jinling White male ducks and conducted population genomic analyses, suggesting a rich genetic diversity within the Jinling White duck population. Equipped with our genomic resources, we applied genome-wide association analysis for body weight on birth (BWB), body weight on 1 wk (BW1), body weight on 3 wk (BW3), body weight on 5 wk (BW5) and body weight on 7 wk (BW7) using 4 statistical models. Comparative studies indicated that factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (FaST-LMM) demonstrated the most superior efficiency, yielding more results with the minimal false positives. We discovered that PUS7, FBXO11, FOXN2, MSH6, and SLC4A4 were associated with BWB. RAG2, and TMEFF2 were candidate genes for BW1, and STARD13, Klotho, ZAR1L are likely candidates for BW3 and BW5. PLXNC1, ATP1A1, CD58, FRYL, OCIAD1, and OCIAD2 were linked to BW7. These findings provide a genetic reference for the selection and breeding of Jinling White ducks, while also deepened our understanding of Growth and development phenotypic in ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Sike Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
| | - Zongliang He
- Nanjing Academy of Animal Husbandry and Poultry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Guansuo Wu
- Nanjing Academy of Animal Husbandry and Poultry, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Minli Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yinglin Lu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Debing Yu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heitman K, Alexander MS, Faul C. Skeletal Muscle Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease-From Histologic Changes to Molecular Mechanisms and to Novel Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5117. [PMID: 38791164 PMCID: PMC11121428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant reductions in lean body mass and in the mass of various tissues, including skeletal muscle, which causes fatigue and contributes to high mortality rates. In CKD, the cellular protein turnover is imbalanced, with protein degradation outweighing protein synthesis, leading to a loss of protein and cell mass, which impairs tissue function. As CKD itself, skeletal muscle wasting, or sarcopenia, can have various origins and causes, and both CKD and sarcopenia share common risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and age. While these pathologies together with reduced physical performance and malnutrition contribute to muscle loss, they cannot explain all features of CKD-associated sarcopenia. Metabolic acidosis, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the accumulation of uremic toxins have been identified as additional factors that occur in CKD and that can contribute to sarcopenia. Here, we discuss the elevation of systemic phosphate levels, also called hyperphosphatemia, and the imbalance in the endocrine regulators of phosphate metabolism as another CKD-associated pathology that can directly and indirectly harm skeletal muscle tissue. To identify causes, affected cell types, and the mechanisms of sarcopenia and thereby novel targets for therapeutic interventions, it is important to first characterize the precise pathologic changes on molecular, cellular, and histologic levels, and to do so in CKD patients as well as in animal models of CKD, which we describe here in detail. We also discuss the currently known pathomechanisms and therapeutic approaches of CKD-associated sarcopenia, as well as the effects of hyperphosphatemia and the novel drug targets it could provide to protect skeletal muscle in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Heitman
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Section of Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cha RH. Pharmacologic therapeutics in sarcopenia with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:143-155. [PMID: 38389147 PMCID: PMC11016676 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, metabolic acidosis, renin-angiotensin system activation, insulin resistance, and impaired perfusion to skeletal muscles, among others, are possible causes of uremic sarcopenia. These conditions induce the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, adenosine triphosphate ubiquitin-proteasome system, and reactive oxygen species system, resulting in protein catabolism. Strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are aerobic and resistance exercises along with nutritional interventions. Anabolic hormones have shown beneficial effects. Megestrol acetate increased weight, protein catabolic rate, and albumin concentration, and it increased intracellular water component and muscle mass. Vitamin D supplementation showed improvement in physical function, muscle strength, and muscle mass. Correction of metabolic acidosis showed an increase in protein intake, serum albumin levels, body weight, and mid-arm circumference. The kidney- gut-muscle axis indicates that dysbiosis and changes in gut-derived uremic toxins and short-chain fatty acids affect muscle mass, composition, strength, and functional capacity. Biotic supplements, AST-120 administration, hemodiafiltration, and preservation of residual renal function are alleged to reduce uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). Synbiotics reversed the microbiota change in CKD patients and decreased uremic toxins. AST-120 administration changed the overall gut microbiota composition in CKD. AST-120 prevented IS and PCS tissue accumulation, ameliorated muscle atrophy, improved exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis, restored epithelial tight junction proteins, and reduced plasma endotoxin levels and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. In a human study, the addition of AST-120 to standard treatment had modest beneficial effects on gait speed change and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-hui Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lo Re V, Russelli G, Lo Gerfo E, Alduino R, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Terzo D, Martucci G, Anzani S, Panarello G, Sparacia G, Parla G, Avorio F, Raffa G, Pilato M, Speciale A, Agnese V, Mamone G, Tuzzolino F, Vizzini GB, Conaldi PG, Ambrosio F. Cognitive outcomes in patients treated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1209905. [PMID: 37693766 PMCID: PMC10486105 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1209905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mechanisms of neurocognitive injury as post-operative sequelae of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are not understood. The systemic inflammatory response to surgical stress causes skeletal muscle impairment, and this is also worsened by immobility. Since evidence supports a link between muscle vitality and neuroprotection, there is a need to understand the mechanisms by which promotion of muscle activity counteracts the deleterious effects of surgery on long-term cognition. Methods We performed a clinical trial to test the hypothesis that adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to standard rehabilitation care in post-CABG patients promotes the maintenance of skeletal muscle strength and the expression of circulating neuroprotective myokines. Results We did not find higher serum levels of neuroprotective myokines, except for interleukin-6, nor better long-term cognitive performance in our intervention group. However, a greater increase in functional connectivity at brain magnetic resonance was seen between seed regions within the default mode, frontoparietal, salience, and sensorimotor networks in the NMES group. Regardless of the treatment protocol, patients with a Klotho increase 3 months after hospital discharge compared to baseline Klotho values showed better scores in delayed memory tests. Significance We confirm the potential neuroprotective effect of Klotho in a clinical setting and for the first time post-CABG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Lo Re
- Neurology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Lo Gerfo
- Neurology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bulati
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Terzo
- Rehabilitation Service, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennaro Martucci
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Anzani
- Neurology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Panarello
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, IRCCS ISMETT, UPMC, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Sparacia
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Parla
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Avorio
- Neurology Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raffa
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Pilato
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Mamone
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Collins KA, Ambrosio F, Rogers RJ, Lang W, Schelbert EB, Davis KK, Jakicic JM. Change in circulating klotho in response to weight loss, with and without exercise, in adults with overweight or obesity. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1213228. [PMID: 37457921 PMCID: PMC10347392 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1213228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Klotho is a protein associated with protection from aging-related diseases and health conditions. Obesity is associated with lower Klotho concentrations. Thus, this secondary analysis of adults with obesity examined 1) the change in serum Klotho concentration in response to a behavioral weight loss intervention by the magnitude of weight loss achieved; and 2) the association among serum Klotho concentration and weight, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Methods: Participants were randomized to either diet alone (DIET), diet plus 150 min of physical activity per week (DIET + PA150), or diet plus 250 min of physical activity per week (DIET + PA250). Participants [n = 152; age: 45.0 ± 7.9 years; body mass index (BMI): 32.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2] included in this secondary analysis provided blood samples at baseline, 6-, and 12 months, and were classified by weight loss response (Responder: achieved ≥10% weight loss at 6 or 12 months; Non-responder: achieved <5% weight loss at both 6 and 12 months). Serum Klotho was measured using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA's) were used to examine changes in weight, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and Klotho concentration by weight loss response across the 12-month weight loss intervention. Results: Responders had a greater reduction in measures of weight and body composition, and a greater increase in cardiorespiratory fitness, compared to Non-Responders (p < 0.05). Change in Klotho concentration differed between Responders and Non-Responders (p < 0.05), with the increase in Klotho concentration from baseline to 6 months for Responders being statistically significant. The 6-month change in Klotho concentration was inversely associated with the 6-month change in weight (r s = -0.195), BMI (r s = -0.196), fat mass (r s = -0.184), and waist circumference (r s = -0.218) (p-values <0.05). Discussion: Findings provide evidence within the context of a behavioral intervention, with and without exercise, that change in Klotho concentration is significantly different between adults with weight loss ≥10% compared to <5% across 12 months. These findings suggest that weight loss and reduction in fat mass may be favorably associated with the change in Klotho concentration. This may reduce the risk of negative health consequences associated with accelerated aging in middle-aged adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Collins
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Discovery Center for Musculoskeletal Recovery, Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Renee J. Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Wei Lang
- Department of Aging Medicine and Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric B. Schelbert
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Minneapolis Heart Institute East, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kelliann K. Davis
- Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Serum klotho concentrations in older men with hypertension or type 2 diabetes during prolonged exercise in temperate and hot conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023:10.1007/s00421-023-05171-x. [PMID: 36929016 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Klotho is a cytoprotective protein that increases during acute physiological stressors (e.g., exercise heat stress), although age-related declines in klotho may underlie cellular vulnerability to heat stress. The present study aimed to compare serum klotho in healthy older men and men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or hypertension (HTN) during prolonged exercise in temperate or hot conditions. METHODS We evaluated serum klotho in 12 healthy older men (mean [SD]; 59 years [4]), 10 men with HTN (60 years [4]), and 9 men with T2D (60 years [5]) before and after 180 min of moderate-intensity (fixed metabolic rate of 200 W/m2; ~ 3.4 METs) exercise and 60 min of recovery in temperate (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 16 °C) and hot (WBGT 32 °C) environments. Core temperature (rectal), heart rate (HR), and heart rate reserve (HRR) were measured continuously while klotho was measured at the end of baseline, exercise, and recovery. RESULTS Total exercise duration was reduced during the hot condition in older men with HTN and T2D than healthy older men (both p ≤ 0.049), despite similar core temperatures, HR, and HRR. Klotho was higher than rest following exercise in the heat in healthy older men (+ 191 pg/mL [189]; p < 0.001) and responses were greater (p = 0.036) than men with HTN (+ 118 pg/mL [49]; p = 0.030), although klotho did not increase in men with T2D (+ 4 pg/mL [71]; p ≥ 0.638). CONCLUSION Given klotho's role in cytoprotection, older men with HTN and especially T2D may be at increased cellular vulnerability to prolonged exercise or physically demanding exercise in the heat.
Collapse
|
8
|
Guan Z, Ma L, Wu C. Association Between Serum Klotho and Physical Frailty in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Finding From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023:S1525-8610(23)00226-8. [PMID: 37001558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, no consensus has been reached regarding the role of klotho in the development of frailty. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum klotho and physical frailty and to explore potential age, sex, and racial/ethnic differences, using a large, nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were 7107 adults aged 45 years or older from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, and 2015-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a large data set including a series of cross-sectional nationally representative samples in the United States. METHODS We assessed the frailty status using the Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) and the Frailty Index (FI). Five criteria were used in the PFP, and 34 health items were included to construct the FI as a proportion of accumulated deficits. We used multinomial and binary logistic regression models to examine the association between serum klotho and frailty, adjusted for several covariates. RESULTS Participants with a higher serum klotho level (>785.5 pg/mL) had a lower prevalence of frailty, defined by either the PFP or the FI, than those with a lower level (≤785.5 pg/mL). After adjustment for all covariates, the higher serum klotho level was associated with a 26% (95% CI 2%-45%) and 17% (95% CI 1%-30%) lower odds of frailty vs robustness when using the PFP and FI, respectively. In the PFP, the association was significantly stronger among participants aged <60 years than those aged ≥60 years (odds ratio: 0.60 vs 0.85; Pinteraction = .03). No effect modification by race/ethnicity on the association was found. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Higher serum klotho level relates to lower odds of physical frailty among middle-aged and older adults. Our findings suggest that klotho might be a potential biomarker of frailty, specifically in the middle-aged population. Future research should further investigate the mechanisms underlying this association to determine if lower levels of klotho may serve as a novel risk factor for physical frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Guan
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corrêa HDL, Raab ATO, Araújo TM, Deus LA, Reis AL, Honorato FS, Rodrigues-Silva PL, Neves RVP, Brunetta HS, Mori MADS, Franco OL, Rosa TDS. A systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating Klotho as an emerging exerkine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17587. [PMID: 36266389 PMCID: PMC9585050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho is an anti-aging protein with several therapeutic roles in the pathophysiology of different organs, such as the skeletal muscle and kidneys. Available evidence suggests that exercise increases Klotho levels, regardless of the condition or intervention, shedding some light on this anti-aging protein as an emergent and promising exerkine. Development of a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to verify the role of different exercise training protocols on the levels of circulating soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) protein. A systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CT.gov, and PEDro. Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that investigated effects of exercise training on S-Klotho levels. We included 12 reports in the analysis, comprising 621 participants with age ranging from 30 to 65 years old. Klotho concentration increased significantly after chronic exercise training (minimum of 12 weeks) (Hedge' g [95%CI] 1.3 [0.69-1.90]; P < 0.0001). Moreover, exercise training increases S-Klotho values regardless of the health condition of the individual or the exercise intervention, with the exception of combined aerobic + resistance training. Furthermore, protocol duration and volume seem to influence S-Klotho concentration, since the effect of the meta-analysis changes when subgrouping these variables. Altogether, circulating S-Klotho protein is altered after chronic exercise training and it might be considered an exerkine. However, this effect may be influenced by different training configurations, including protocol duration, volume, and intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Luca Corrêa
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Artur Temizio Oppelt Raab
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Thamires Marra Araújo
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Faculty of Bio-Medicine, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Andrea Lucena Reis
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Fernando Sousa Honorato
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Vanerson Passos Neves
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| | - Henver Simionato Brunetta
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves da Silva Mori
- grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ,grid.411087.b0000 0001 0723 2494Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil ,grid.442132.20000 0001 2111 5825S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS Brazil
| | - Thiago dos Santos Rosa
- grid.411952.a0000 0001 1882 0945Graduate Program of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), EPTC, QS07, LT1 S/N, Bloco G Sala 119, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, Brasília, Distrito Federal CEP 72030-170 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
αKlotho decreases after reduced weight-bearing from both spaceflight and hindlimb unloading. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35654945 PMCID: PMC9163032 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00203-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha(α)Klotho, a soluble transmembrane protein, facilitates calcium-phosphorus homeostasis through feedback between bone and kidney and is a potential systemic biomarker for bone-kidney health during spaceflight. We determined if: (1) plasma αKlotho was reduced after both spaceflight aboard the ISS and hindlimb unloading (HU); and (2) deficiency could be reversed with exercise. Both spaceflight and HU lowered circulating plasma αKlotho: plasma αKlotho recovered with exercise after HU.
Collapse
|
11
|
References Values of Soluble α-Klotho Serum Levels Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Healthy Adults Aged 18-85 Years. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092415. [PMID: 35566540 PMCID: PMC9101232 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Klotho protein is a powerful predictor of the aging process and lifespan. Although lowered circulating soluble α-Klotho levels have been observed in aged non-healthy individuals, no specific reference values across a wide range of ages and sex using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are available for larger cohorts of healthy individuals. The present analytical cross-sectional study was aimed to establish the reference values of soluble α-Klotho serum levels in healthy adults by age and sex groups. A total of 346 (59% women) healthy individuals aged from 18 to 85 years were recruited. Subjects were divided by sex and age as: (i) young (18−34.9 years), (ii) middle-aged (35−54.9 years), and (iii) senior (55−85 years) individuals. The soluble α-Klotho levels were measured in serum using ELISA. Senior adults were the age-group that presented the lowest soluble α-Klotho serum levels (p < 0.01), with age showing a negative association with soluble α-Klotho serum levels (p < 0.001). No differences between sexes were observed. Therefore, soluble α-Klotho levels were especially decreased—regardless of sex—in our cohort of healthy individuals because of the physiological decline derived from the aging process. We recommend routine assessments of soluble α-Klotho levels using ELISA as a simple and cheap detectable marker of aging that improves quality of life in the elderly.
Collapse
|
12
|
King KE, McCormick JJ, Notley SR, Fujii N, Kenny GP. Serum klotho concentrations in young and older men during prolonged exercise in temperate and hot conditions. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:180-185. [PMID: 35249521 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein klotho protects cellular function during various physiological stressors, such as exercise, however it is unknown how the age-related decline in klotho production affects responses during exercise, especially in the heat. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effect of exercise in temperate and hot environmental conditions on serum klotho concentrations in young and older men. METHODS 12 young (mean ± SD: 22 ± 3 years) and 12 older (59 ± 4 years) men performed 180 minutes of moderate-intensity treadmill walking (metabolic rate: 200 W/m2) in a temperate [wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) 16°C, achieved with 21.9°C, 35% relative humidity (RH)] and hot (WBGT 32°C, achieved with 41.4°C, 35% RH) environment. Serum klotho was assessed before and after exercise, as well as 60-min post-exercise recovery in the respective environments. RESULTS Absolute klotho concentrations were greater in young versus older men during all measured time points in the temperate (p = 0.032), but not the hot condition (p = 0.064). In the hot condition, the change in serum klotho from baseline was significantly higher after exercise in the heat (mean ± SEM: +251 ± 73 pg/mL) than the temperate (+75 ± 57 pg/mL) environment in both groups (p = 0.026). However, this elevation was not maintained during recovery. CONCLUSION We showed that prolonged exercise in a temperate environment does not elicit a klotho response in either group. In contrast, despite lower resting klotho levels, the older men showed a similar exercise-induced increase in serum klotho response as their younger counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelli E King
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naoto Fujii
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cha RH, Kang SH, Han MY, An WS, Kim SH, Kim JC. Effects of AST-120 on muscle health and quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients: results of RECOVERY study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:397-408. [PMID: 34862753 PMCID: PMC8818653 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of sarcopenia is increased with declining renal function. Elevated serum indoxyl sulfate levels are associated with poor skeletal muscle conditions. We aimed to determine the effects of AST-120, the oral adsorbent of indoxyl sulfate, on sarcopenia and sarcopenia-associated factors in chronic kidney disease patients. METHODS This was a 48 week, randomized controlled, parallel group, open-label, multicentre trial (n = 150). The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the control (CON) and AST-120 (Renamezin®, REN) groups. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline and every 24 weeks for 48 weeks. The primary outcome was gait speed difference ≥0.1 m/s between the two groups, and secondary outcomes included hand grip strength, muscle mass, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS A difference of gait speed ≥0.1 m/s was not observed during the study period. The mean dynamic-start gait speed in the REN group increased from baseline to 48 weeks (1.04 ± 0.31 to 1.08 ± 0.32 m/s, P = 0.019). The static-start gait speed changed by -0.024 and 0.04 m/s (P = 0.049) in the CON and REN groups over 48 weeks, respectively. Hand grip strength decreased during the first 24 weeks and did not significantly change over the next 24 weeks in either group. The proportion of low muscle mass or sarcopenia at baseline was larger in the REN group than in the CON group, but the difference attenuated over the study period [low muscle mass and sarcopenia in the CON and REN groups at baseline, 4.0% vs. 18.9% (P = 0.004) and 2.7% vs. 13.5% (P = 0.017); at 24 weeks, 2.9% vs. 13.6% (P = 0.021) and 1.4% vs. 10.5% (P = 0.029); and at 48 weeks, 7.6% vs. 12.9% (P = 0.319) and 4.5% vs. 8.1% (P = 0.482), respectively]. Bodily pain, vitality, symptoms/problems, and cognitive function in the REN group improved, while the quality of social interactions and the kidney disease effects in the CON group aggravated from baseline to 48 weeks. Interaction between time and group was evident only in symptoms/problems, cognitive function, and kidney disease effects. CONCLUSIONS The addition of AST-120 to standard treatment in chronic kidney disease patients did not make a significant difference in gait speed, although AST-120 modestly had beneficial effects on gait speed change and quality of life and showed the potential to improve sarcopenia. (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03788252).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Hui Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hui Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
S-Klotho level and physiological markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy adult men. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:708-727. [PMID: 35093938 PMCID: PMC8833136 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
S-Klotho is perceived as a biomarker of healthy aging that has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk in elderly individuals. The aim of this study was to test if s-Klotho level is associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in younger healthy men in order to verify the possible role of s-Klotho level as an early marker of cardiometabolic risk. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 healthy men (Mage=35.33, SDage=3.47) from a Western urban population. Serum basal levels of s-Klotho, lipid profile, homocysteine, glycemia markers, C-reactive protein, liver transaminases and creatinine were evaluated. Also, blood pressure was measured and cardiometabolic risk score and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Testosterone and cortisol levels, self-reported psychological stress, physical activity, smoking in the past, alcohol use and body adiposity were controlled for. We found no relationship between levels of s-Klotho and physiological markers of cardiometabolic risk in the studied population. The results were similar when controlled for adiposity, testosterone level, physical activity, alcohol use and smoking in the past. We suggest that s-Klotho level is not an early marker of cardiometabolic risk in younger middle-aged healthy men.
Collapse
|
15
|
Arroyo E, Troutman AD, Moorthi RN, Avin KG, Coggan AR, Lim K. Klotho: An Emerging Factor With Ergogenic Potential. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 2:807123. [PMID: 36188832 PMCID: PMC9397700 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.807123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in older individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Declines in skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity can progress into impaired physical function and inability to perform activities of daily living. Physical function is highly associated with important clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, functional independence, quality of life, and mortality. While lifestyle modifications such as exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to prevent and reverse declines in physical function, the utility of these treatment strategies is limited by poor widespread adoption and adherence due to a wide variety of both perceived and actual barriers to exercise. Therefore, identifying novel treatment targets to manage physical function decline is critically important. Klotho, a remarkable protein with powerful anti-aging properties has recently been investigated for its role in musculoskeletal health and physical function. Klotho is involved in several key processes that regulate skeletal muscle function, such as muscle regeneration, mitochondrial biogenesis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This is particularly important for older adults and patients with CKD, which are known states of Klotho deficiency. Emerging data support the existence of Klotho-related benefits to exercise and for potential Klotho-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of sarcopenia and its progression to physical disability. However, significant gaps in our understanding of Klotho must first be overcome before we can consider its potential ergogenic benefits. These advances will be critical to establish the optimal approach to future Klotho-based interventional trials and to determine if Klotho can regulate physical dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ashley D. Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ranjani N. Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keith G. Avin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Gracia-Marco L, Henriksson P, Castillo MJ, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Association of Energy and Macronutrients Intake with S-Klotho Plasma Levels in Middle-Aged Sedentary Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:360-366. [PMID: 35450992 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing process can be influenced by energy intake and different macronutrients within the diet. The soluble form of the α-Klotho gene (called S-Klotho) is widely considered as a powerful anti-ageing biomarker. OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of energy, dietary energy density and macronutrient intake with S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged sedentary adults. METHODS A total of 72 (52.8% women) middle-aged sedentary adults (53.7 ± 5.2 years old) participated in the study. Energy and macronutrients intake (i.e. fat, carbohydrate and protein) were assessed using three non-consecutive 24-h recalls. S-Klotho plasma levels were measured in the Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) plasma using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS No association was observed between energy, dietary energy density or macronutrient intake and S-Klotho plasma levels in men (all P≥ 0.1). We found an inverse association between energy, protein and carbohydrate intake with S-Klotho plasma levels in women (all P≤0.043), which disappeared after controlling for age, lean mass index and sedentary time. An inverse association was observed between dietary energy density and S-Klotho plasma levels in women after controlling for covariates (all P≤0.05). CONCLUSION In summary, the present study showed an inverse association of dietary energy density with S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged women. In addition, our data suggest that the associations between energy and macronutrient intake could be highly dependent on lean mass and sedentary time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A De-la-O
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, EFFECTS 262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine. University of Granada; 18071 Granada, Spain; E.mail: ; ORCID: 0000-0002-5254-1816
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Docherty CK, Strembitska A, Baker CP, Schmidt FF, Reay K, Mercer JR. Inducing Energetic Switching Using Klotho Improves Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010217. [PMID: 35008643 PMCID: PMC8745077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease of atherosclerosis is characterised by aged vascular smooth muscle cells and compromised cell survival. Analysis of human and murine plaques highlights markers of DNA damage such as p53, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and defects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as significant observations. The antiageing protein Klotho could prolong VSMC survival in the atherosclerotic plaque and delay the consequences of plaque rupture by improving VSMC phenotype to delay heart attacks and stroke. Comparing wild-type VSMCs from an ApoE model of atherosclerosis with a flox'd Pink1 knockout of inducible mitochondrial dysfunction we show WT Pink1 is essential for normal cell viability, while Klotho mediates energetic switching which may preserve cell survival. METHODS Wild-type ApoE VSMCs were screened to identify potential drug candidates that could improve longevity without inducing cytotoxicity. The central regulator of cell metabolism AMP Kinase was used as a readout of energy homeostasis. Functional energetic switching between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism was assessed using XF24 technology. Live cell imaging was then used as a functional readout for the WT drug response, compared with Pink1 (phosphatase-and-tensin-homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase-1) knockout cells. RESULTS Candidate drugs were assessed to induce pACC, pAMPK, and pLKB1 before selecting Klotho for its improved ability to perform energetic switching. Klotho mediated an inverse dose-dependent effect and was able to switch between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. Klotho mediated improved glycolytic energetics in wild-type cells which were not present in Pink1 knockout cells that model mitochondrial dysfunction. Klotho improved WT cell survival and migration, increasing proliferation and decreasing necrosis independent of effects on apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Klotho plays an important role in VSMC energetics which requires Pink1 to mediate energetic switching between oxidative and glycolytic metabolism. Klotho improved VSMC phenotype and, if targeted to the plaque early in the disease, could be a useful strategy to delay the effects of plaque ageing and improve VSMC survival.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou H, Pu S, Zhou H, Guo Y. Klotho as Potential Autophagy Regulator and Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755366. [PMID: 34737707 PMCID: PMC8560683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein Klotho can significantly delay aging, so it has attracted widespread attention. Abnormal downregulation of Klotho has been detected in several aging-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, kidney injury, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vascular disease, muscular dystrophy and diabetes. Conversely, many exogenous and endogenous factors, several drugs, lifestyle changes and genetic manipulations were reported to exert therapeutic effects through increasing Klotho expression. In recent years, Klotho has been identified as a potential autophagy regulator. How Klotho may contribute to reversing the effects of aging and disease became clearer when it was linked to autophagy, the process in which eukaryotic cells clear away dysfunctional proteins and damaged organelles: the abovementioned diseases involve abnormal autophagy. Interestingly, growing evidence indicates that Klotho plays a dual role as inducer or inhibitor of autophagy in different physiological or pathological conditions through its influence on IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, Beclin 1 expression and activity, as well as aldosterone level, which can help restore autophagy to beneficial levels. The present review examines the role of Klotho in regulating autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease, kidney injury, cancer, COPD, vascular disease, muscular dystrophy and diabetes. Targeting Klotho may provide a new perspective for preventing and treating aging-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Houfeng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iturriaga T, Yvert T, Sanchez-Lorente IM, Diez-Vega I, Fernandez-Elias VE, Sanchez-Barroso L, Dominguez-Balmaseda D, Larrosa M, Perez-Ruiz M, Santiago C. Acute Impacts of Different Types of Exercise on Circulating α-Klotho Protein Levels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:716473. [PMID: 34539440 PMCID: PMC8440965 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.716473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Elevated plasma α-klotho (αKl) protects against several ageing phenotypes and has been proposed as a biomarker of a good prognosis for different diseases. The beneficial health effects of elevated plasma levels of soluble αKl (SαKl) have been likened to the positive effects of exercise on ageing and chronic disease progression. It has also been established that molecular responses and adaptations differ according to exercise dose. The aim of this study is to compare the acute SαKl response to different exercise interventions, cardiorespiratory, and strength exercise in healthy, physically active men and to examine the behavior of SαKl 72h after acute strength exercise. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, plasma SαKl was measured before and after a cardiorespiratory exercise session (CR) in 43 men, and strength exercise session (ST) in 39 men. The behavior of SαKl was also examined 24, 48, and 72h after ST. Results: Significant differences (time×group) were detected in SαKl levels (p=0.001; d=0.86) between CR and ST. After the ST intervention, SαKl behavior varied significantly (p=0.009; d=0.663) in that levels dropped between pre- and post-exercises (p=0.025; d=0.756) and were also significantly higher compared to pre ST values at 24h (p=0.033; d=0.717) and at 48h (p=0.015; d=0.827). Conclusions: SαKl levels increased in response to a single bout of cardiorespiratory exercise; while they decreased immediately after strength exercise, levels were elevated after 24h indicating different klotho protein responses to different forms of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Iturriaga
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Yvert
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel M Sanchez-Lorente
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la salud, Universidad de Leon, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Valentin E Fernandez-Elias
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Sanchez-Barroso
- Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Dominguez-Balmaseda
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Perez-Ruiz
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Santiago
- Faculty of Physical Activity, Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen K, Zhang B, Sun Z. MicroRNA 379 Regulates Klotho Deficiency-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Via Repression of Smurf1. Hypertension 2021; 78:342-352. [PMID: 34120450 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (K.C., Z.S.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., B.Z., Z.S.)
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (K.C., Z.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gaitán JM, Moon HY, Stremlau M, Dubal DB, Cook DB, Okonkwo OC, van Praag H. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660181. [PMID: 34093436 PMCID: PMC8173166 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity and exercise training may delay or prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, systemic biomarkers that can measure exercise effects on brain function and that link to relevant metabolic responses are lacking. To begin to address this issue, we utilized blood samples of 23 asymptomatic late middle-aged adults, with familial and genetic risk for AD (mean age 65 years old, 50% female) who underwent 26 weeks of supervised treadmill training. Systemic biomarkers implicated in learning and memory, including the myokine Cathepsin B (CTSB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and klotho, as well as metabolomics were evaluated. Here we show that aerobic exercise training increases plasma CTSB and that changes in CTSB, but not BDNF or klotho, correlate with cognitive performance. BDNF levels decreased with exercise training. Klotho levels were unchanged by training, but closely associated with change in VO2peak. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased levels of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFAs), reductions in ceramides, sphingo- and phospholipids, as well as changes in gut microbiome metabolites and redox homeostasis, with exercise. Multiple metabolites (~30%) correlated with changes in BDNF, but not CSTB or klotho. The positive association between CTSB and cognition, and the modulation of lipid metabolites implicated in dementia, support the beneficial effects of exercise training on brain function. Overall, our analyses indicate metabolic regulation of exercise-induced plasma BDNF changes and provide evidence that CTSB is a marker of cognitive changes in late middle-aged adults at risk for dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Gaitán
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hyo Youl Moon
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Matthew Stremlau
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dane B. Cook
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Education, Madison, WI, United States
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ozioma C. Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Lab of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Baltimore, MD, United States
- Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Exercise intensity regulates cytokine and klotho responses in men. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:5. [PMID: 33414377 PMCID: PMC7791135 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-term exercise training programs that consist of moderate intensity endurance training or high intensity interval training have become popular choices for healthy lifestyle modifications, with as little as two weeks of training being shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and whole-body glucose metabolism. An emerging concept in exercise biology is that exercise stimulates the release of cytokines and other factors into the blood that contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolism, but whether these factors behave similarly in response to moderate and high intensity short term training is not known. Here, we determined the effects of two short-term exercise training programs on the concentrations of select secreted cytokines and Klotho, a protein involved in anti-aging. Methods Healthy, sedentary men (n = 22) were randomized to moderate intensity training (MIT) or sprint intensity training (SIT) treatment groups. SIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of 6 × 30 s all out cycle ergometer sprints with 4 min of recovery between sprints. MIT consisted of 6 sessions over 2 weeks of cycle ergometer exercise at 60% VO2peak, gradually increasing in duration from 40 to 60 min. Blood was taken before the intervention and 48 h after the last training session, and glucose uptake was measured using [18F]FDG‐PET/CT scanning. Cytokines were measured by multiplex and Klotho concentrations by ELISA. Results Both training protocols similarly increased VO2peak and decreased fat percentage and visceral fat (P < 0.05). MIT and SIT training programs both reduced the concentrations of IL-6, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and Leptin. Interestingly, MIT, but not SIT increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations, an exercise-induced cytokine, as well as Klotho concentrations. Conclusion Short-term exercise training at markedly different intensities similarly improves cardiovascular fitness but results in intensity-specific changes in cytokine responses to exercise.
Collapse
|
23
|
Buchanan S, Combet E, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Klotho, Aging, and the Failing Kidney. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:560. [PMID: 32982966 PMCID: PMC7481361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho has been recognized as a gene involved in the aging process in mammals for over 30 years, where it regulates phosphate homeostasis and the activity of members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. The α-Klotho protein is the receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (FGF23), regulating phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Phosphate toxicity is a hallmark of mammalian aging and correlates with diminution of Klotho levels with increasing age. As such, modulation of Klotho activity is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the diseasome of aging; in particular for chronic kidney disease (CKD), where Klotho has been implicated directly in the pathophysiology. A range of senotherapeutic strategies have been developed to directly or indirectly influence Klotho expression, with varying degrees of success. These include administration of exogenous Klotho, synthetic and natural Klotho agonists and indirect approaches, via modulation of the foodome and the gut microbiota. All these approaches have significant potential to mitigate loss of physiological function and resilience accompanying old age and to improve outcomes within the diseasome of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Buchanan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Combet
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Human Nutrition, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine M99, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheikhi A, Barchowsky A, Sahu A, Shinde SN, Pius A, Clemens ZJ, Li H, Kennedy CA, Hoeck JD, Franti M, Ambrosio F. Klotho: An Elephant in Aging Research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1031-1042. [PMID: 30843026 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2017 marked the 20th anniversary of the first publication describing Klotho. This single protein was and is remarkable in that its absence in mice conferred an accelerated aging, or progeroid, phenotype with a dramatically shortened life span. On the other hand, genetic overexpression extended both health span and life span by an impressive 30%. Not only has Klotho deficiency been linked to a number of debilitating age-related illnesses but many subsequent reports have lent credence to the idea that Klotho can compress the period of morbidity and extend the life span of both model organisms and humans. This suggests that Klotho functions as an integrator of organ systems, making it both a promising tool for advancing our understanding of the biology of aging and an intriguing target for interventional studies. In this review, we highlight advances in our understanding of Klotho as well as key challenges that have somewhat limited our view, and thus translational potential, of this potent protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Cheikhi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Sunita N Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research Division, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Charles A Kennedy
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ramez M, Ramezani F, Nasirinezhad F, Rajabi H. High‐intensity interval training increases myocardial levels of Klotho and protects the heart against ischaemia–reperfusion injury. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:652-665. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maral Ramez
- Department of Exercise physiologyFaculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center and Physiology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center and Physiology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise physiologyFaculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kidera H, Hatabu T, Takahashi KH. Apoptosis inhibition mitigates aging effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica 2020; 148:69-76. [PMID: 32219590 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-020-00088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process that results in progressive loss of cell, tissue, and organ function. One of the causing factors of the aging process is the decrease in muscle mass, which has not been fully verified in Drosophila. Apoptotic cell death may result in aberrant cell loss and can eventually diminish tissue function and muscle atrophy. If so, inhibition of apoptosis may prolong longevity and reduce motor function and muscle mass decline with age in Drosophila flies. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster as study material, and induced the overexpression of Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 gene to inhibit apoptosis, and investigated the effect of apoptosis inhibition on the longevity and age-related declines in flight and climbing ability and muscle mass. As a result, the inhibition of apoptosis tended to mitigate the aging effects and prolonged longevity and reduced climbing ability decline with age. The current study suggests that apoptosis inhibition could mitigate the aging effects in D. melanogaster. Although such effects have already been known in mammals, the current results suggest that the apoptosis may play a similar role in insects as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kidera
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuo H Takahashi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nava R, Zuhl M, Bourbeau K, Moriarty T, Welch A, Mermier C. Relationship between aerobic fitness, antioxidant capacity and the anti-aging hormone, Klotho. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
28
|
Agoro R, Ni P, Noonan ML, White KE. Osteocytic FGF23 and Its Kidney Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32982979 PMCID: PMC7485387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, which represent up to 95% of adult skeletal cells, are deeply embedded in bone. These cells exhibit important interactive abilities with other bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts to control skeletal formation and resorption. Beyond this local role, osteocytes can also influence the function of distant organs due to the presence of their sophisticated lacunocanalicular system, which connects osteocyte dendrites directly to the vasculature. Through these networks, osteocytes sense changes in circulating metabolites and respond by producing endocrine factors to control homeostasis. One critical function of osteocytes is to respond to increased blood phosphate and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (1,25D) by producing fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). FGF23 acts on the kidneys through partner fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and the co-receptor Klotho to promote phosphaturia via a downregulation of phosphate transporters, as well as the control of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes to reduce blood 1,25D. In the first part of this review, we will explore the signals involved in the positive and negative regulation of FGF23 in osteocytes. In the second portion, we will bridge bone responses with the review of current knowledge on FGF23 endocrine functions in the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafiou Agoro
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Pu Ni
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Megan L. Noonan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth E. White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Kenneth E. White
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Espuch-Oliver A, de Haro T, Gutiérrez Á, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ. Body Composition and S-Klotho Plasma Levels in Middle-Aged Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Rejuvenation Res 2019; 22:478-483. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Espuch-Oliver
- Clinical Laboratory Service, “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás de Haro
- Clinical Laboratory Service, “San Cecilio” University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yoshida N, Endo J, Kinouchi K, Kitakata H, Moriyama H, Kataoka M, Yamamoto T, Shirakawa K, Morimoto S, Nishiyama A, Hashiguchi A, Higuchi I, Fukuda K, Ichihara A, Sano M. (Pro)renin receptor accelerates development of sarcopenia via activation of Wnt/YAP signaling axis. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12991. [PMID: 31282603 PMCID: PMC6718617 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To extend life expectancy and ensure healthy aging, it is crucial to prevent and minimize age‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy, also known as sarcopenia. However, the disease's molecular mechanism remains unclear. The age‐related Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway has been recently shown to be activated by the (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR). We report here that (P)RR expression was increased in the atrophied skeletal muscles of aged mice and humans. Therefore, we developed a gain‐of‐function model of age‐related sarcopenia via transgenic expression of (P)RR under control of the CAG promoter. Consistent with our hypothesis, (P)RR‐Tg mice died early and exhibited muscle atrophy with histological features of sarcopenia. Moreover, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was activated and the regenerative capacity of muscle progenitor cells after cardiotoxin injury was impaired due to cell fusion failure in (P)RR‐Tg mice. In vitro forced expression of (P)RR protein in C2C12 myoblast cells suppressed myotube formation by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Administration of Dickkopf‐related protein 1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and anti‐(P)RR neutralizing antibody, which inhibits binding of (P)RR to the Wnt receptor, significantly improved sarcopenia in (P)RR‐Tg mice. Furthermore, the use of anti‐(P)RR neutralizing antibodies significantly improved the regenerative ability of skeletal muscle in aged mice. Finally, we show that Yes‐associated protein (YAP) signaling, which is coordinately regulated by Wnt/β‐catenin, contributed to the development of (P)RR‐induced sarcopenia. The present study demonstrates the use of (P)RR‐Tg mice as a novel sarcopenia model, and shows that (P)RR‐Wnt‐YAP signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension Tokyo Women’s Medical University Tokyo Japan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitakata
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidenori Moriyama
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension Tokyo Women’s Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University Kagawa Japan
| | - Akihiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Itsuro Higuchi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension Tokyo Women’s Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ramez M, Rajabi H, Ramezani F, Naderi N, Darbandi-Azar A, Nasirinezhad F. The greater effect of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through Klotho levels and attenuate of myocardial TRPC6 expression. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 31096903 PMCID: PMC6524218 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a leading cause of death all over the world, so developing practical approaches to promote cardioprotection against IR injury is essential. Exercise training is an effective strategy to improve cardioprotection. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term preconditioning with two types of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on klotho and TRPC6 mechanisms in cardioprotection. METHODS Eighty Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups, including Control, HIIT, MICT, Sham, IR, HIIT+IR, and MICT+IR. Training was performed in 5 consecutive days. HIIT protocol consisted of running on the treadmill at intervals 85-90% vo2max that separated by slow intensity periods at 50-60% vo2max. MICT program was performed at 70% VO2max at the same running distance with HIIT groups. The cardiac IR injury was induced by LAD occlusion followed by reperfusion. ELISA kit was used in order to measure the plasma levels of klotho, LDH and CK-MB, and TRPC6 expression was determined using the western blot technique. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS The results of this study showed that both types of exercise training programs significantly increase plasma levels of klotho and reduce the infarct size and heart injury. In addition, the exercise training decreased the amount of TRPC6 channels expression during IR. However, the effect of HIIT on increasing the klotho and cardioprotection was greater compared to MICT. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, even a short-term of aerobic exercise training, especially HIIT, promotes cardioprotection against IR injury and decreases infarct size via an increase in klotho and attenuate of protein expression of myocardial TRPC6 during IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maral Ramez
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Naderi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darbandi-Azar
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Nasirinezhad
- Physiology Research Center and Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jurado-Fasoli L, Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Martinez-Tellez B, Ruiz JR, Gutiérrez Á, Castillo MJ. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary factors, and S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
33
|
Dote-Montero M, Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Gutierrez A, Castillo MJ. Study of the association of DHEAS, testosterone and cortisol with S-Klotho plasma levels in healthy sedentary middle-aged adults. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:55-61. [PMID: 30928678 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Klotho is a recently discovered gene that accelerates ageing when disrupted and extends lifespan when overexpressed. The age-related decline in DHEAS and testosterone secretion and the increase in cortisol are associated with a rise of frailty and mortality. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of DHEAS, cortisol and testosterone plasma levels with S-Klotho plasma levels in healthy sedentary middle-aged adults. METHODS 73 (39 women) healthy middle-aged sedentary adults (45-65 years old) were recruited for the present study. The blood samples were collected in the morning after fasting for 12 h. RESULTS DHEAS was positively associated with S-Klotho in men (β = 0.521, R2 = 0.248, P = 0.002), whereas no association was observed in women (P ≥ 0.201). Testosterone was positively associated with S-Klotho in both men and women (β = 0.360, R2 = 0.099, P = 0.047; β = 0.431, R2 = 0.161, P = 0.010, respectively). No association was found between cortisol and S-Klotho neither in men nor in women (all P ≥ 0.141). The association between DHEAS and testosterone with S-Klotho in men disappeared after adjusting by age (all P ≥ 0.151). Nevertheless, the association between testosterone (β = 0.397, R2 = 0.423, P = 0.011) and S-Klotho in women remained after adjusting by age. CONCLUSIONS DHEAS and testosterone were positively associated with S-Klotho in healthy sedentary middle-aged men while only testosterone was positively associated in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Dote-Montero
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jurado-Fasoli L, Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Gutiérrez Á, Castillo MJ. Alcohol consumption and S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary healthy middle-aged adults: A cross sectional study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:107-111. [PMID: 30419404 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption is related to several diseases and injuries that accelerate the ageing process and increase the mortality and morbidity risk. The soluble form of the α-Klotho gene (called S-Klotho) is widely considered as a powerful anti-ageing biomarker. AIM The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. METHODS 74 (39 women) middle-aged sedentary adults (40-65 years old) participated in the present study. Alcohol consumption was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire previously validated and with three non-consecutive 24-hours recall. The S-Klotho plasma levels were measured by ELISA using a soluble α-Klotho ELISA assay kit. RESULTS Total alcoholic drinks consumption was negatively associated with S-Klotho plasma levels (β=-17.031; R2 = 0.096, P = 0.013). Furthermore, we observed that higher consumption of total alcoholic drinks is associated with lower S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged sedentary adults controlling for BMI (β=-16.372; R2 = 0.201, P = 0.011), LMI (β=-31.854; R2 = 0.305, P = 0.010) and for FMI β=-13.337; R2 = 0.075, P = 0.049). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study shows that total alcoholic drinks consumption is negatively associated with the S-Klotho plasma levels in middle-aged sedentary adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tan SJ, Chu MM, Toussaint ND, Cai MM, Hewitson TD, Holt SG. High-intensity physical exercise increases serum α-klotho levels in healthy volunteers. J Circ Biomark 2018; 7:1849454418794582. [PMID: 30147756 PMCID: PMC6100126 DOI: 10.1177/1849454418794582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered klotho proteins have roles in a diverse range of metabolic processes with the oldest protein, α-klotho, implicated in various cellular pathways in energy, glucose, and phosphate metabolism. Circulating soluble klotho (sKl), derived from membrane α-klotho cleavage, not only has effects on ion channels and insulin signaling pathways, but is inversely associated with mortality. Effects of physical exercise on sKl have not been well studied. The effect of a single high-intensity standardized exercise on sKl and serum phosphate (sPi) levels in healthy adults was investigated. A standard Bruce protocol treadmill exercise was undertaken by 10 fasting healthy volunteers. sKl, sPi, and blood glucose levels were measured in samples collected 1-week prior, immediately pre (Tpre), 0 (Tpost), 30 (T30), 240 (T240) min, and 1-week after exercise. Median (interquartile range) age of participants was 47.5 (44-51) years; five (50%) were male. All study participants achieved at least 90% predicted maximum heart rate (MHR). sKl increased acutely after exercise (Tpre median 448 pg/mL vs. Tpost median 576 pg/mL; p < 0.01). There was a nonsignificant sPi decline at T30 (Tpre 0.94 ± 0.12 mmol/L vs. T30 0.83 ± 0.22 mmol/L). Exercise led to a reduction in blood glucose by T240 with median glucose levels at Tpre, Tpost, T30, and T240 of 6.0, 6.5, 6.3, and 5.7 mmol/L, respectively. In conclusion, a single high-intensity exercise session is associated with a transient increase in sKl, a delayed reduction in blood glucose, and a nonsignificant decrease in sPi levels in healthy adults. The evaluation of long-term effects of cardiovascular fitness programs on sKl and sPi in healthy individuals and disease cohorts are required to identify potential lifestyle modifications to help improve chronic disease management and long-term outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Jean Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa M Chu
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel D Toussaint
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Mx Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim D Hewitson
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Nephrology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A Boolean network of the crosstalk between IGF and Wnt signaling in aging satellite cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195126. [PMID: 29596489 PMCID: PMC5875862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process, which determines the life span of an organism. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt signaling pathways govern the process of aging. Both pathways share common downstream targets that allow competitive crosstalk between these branches. Of note, a shift from IGF to Wnt signaling has been observed during aging of satellite cells. Biological regulatory networks necessary to recreate aging have not yet been discovered. Here, we established a mathematical in silico model that robustly recapitulates the crosstalk between IGF and Wnt signaling. Strikingly, it predicts critical nodes following a shift from IGF to Wnt signaling. These findings indicate that this shift might cause age-related diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Takemoto Y, Cheng C, Takane K, Lin B, Komohara Y, Kim-Mitsuyama S. DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin ameliorates the progression of premature aging in klotho-/- mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:154. [PMID: 29195509 PMCID: PMC5709858 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of anti-aging effect of DPP-4 inhibitors is unknown. This study was performed to determine whether linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, could protect against premature aging in klotho-/- mice. METHODS Klotho-/- mice exhibit multiple phenotypes resembling human premature aging, including extremely shortened life span, cognitive impairment, hippocampal neurodegeneration, hair loss, muscle atrophy, hypoglycemia, etc. To investigate the effect of linagliptin on these aging-related phenotypes, male klotho-/- mice were divided into two groups: (1) control group fed the standard diet, and (2) linagliptin group fed the standard diet containing linagliptin. Treatment with linagliptin was performed for 4 weeks. The effect of linagliptin on the above mentioned aging-related phenotypes was examined. RESULTS Body weight of klotho-/- mice was greater in linagliptin group than in control group (11.1 ± 0.3 vs 9.9 ± 0.3 g; P < 0.01), which was associated with greater gastrocnemius muscle weight (P < 0.01) and greater kidney weight (P < 0.05) in linagliptin group. Thus, linagliptin significantly prevented body weight loss in klotho-/- mice. Survival rate of klotho-/- mice was greater in linagliptin group (93%) compared to control group (67%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.08). None of linagliptin-treated klotho-/- mice had alopecia during the treatment (P < 0.05 vs control klotho-/- mice). Latency of klotho-/- mice in passive avoidance test was larger in linagliptin group than in control group (P < 0.05), indicating the amelioration of cognitive impairment by linagliptin. Cerebral blood flow of klotho-/- mice was larger in linagliptin group than in control group (P < 0.01), being associated with greater cerebral phospho-eNOS levels (P < 0.05) in linagliptin group. Neuronal cell number in hippocampal CA1 region was greater in linagliptin group than in control group (P < 0.05). Linagliptin group had greater cerebral phospho-Akt (P < 0.05) and phospho-CREB (P < 0.05) than control group. Thus, linagliptin ameliorated brain aging in klotho-/- mice. The degree of hypoglycemia in klotho-/- mice was less in linagliptin group than in control group, as estimated by the findings of OGTT. CONCLUSIONS Out work provided the evidence that DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin slowed the progression of premature aging in klotho-/- mice, and provided a novel insight into the potential role of DPP-4 in the mechanism of premature aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan
| | - Kenyu Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan
| | - Yushin Takemoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan
| | - Cao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan
| | - Koki Takane
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan
| | - Bowen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto-ken, 8608556, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dalise S, Cavalli L, Ghuman H, Wahlberg B, Gerwig M, Chisari C, Ambrosio F, Modo M. Biological effects of dosing aerobic exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10830. [PMID: 28883534 PMCID: PMC5589775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) and non-aerobic neuromuscular electric stimulation (NMES) are common interventions used in physical therapy. We explored the dose-dependency (low, medium, high) of these interventions on biochemical factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Klotho, in the blood and brain of normal rats, as well as a treadmill-based maximum capacity test (MCT). A medium dose of AE produced the most improvement in MCT with dose-dependent changes in Klotho in the blood. A dose-dependent increase of BDNF was evident following completion of an NMES protocol, but there was no improvement in MCT performance. Gene expression in the hippocampus was increased after both AE and NMES, with IGF-1 being a signaling molecule that correlated with MCT performance in the AE conditions, but also highly correlated with VEGF-A and Klotho. Blood Klotho levels can serve as a biomarker of therapeutic dosing of AE, whereas IGF-1 is a key molecule coupled to gene expression of other molecules in the hippocampus. This approach provides a translatable paradigm to investigate the mode and mechanism of action of interventions employed in physical therapy that can improve our understanding of how these factors change under pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Dalise
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University Hospital of Pisa, Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Loredana Cavalli
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,University Hospital of Pisa, Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Harmanvir Ghuman
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Carmelo Chisari
- University Hospital of Pisa, Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- University of Pittsburgh, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Olauson H, Mencke R, Hillebrands JL, Larsson TE. Tissue expression and source of circulating αKlotho. Bone 2017; 100:19-35. [PMID: 28323144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
αKlotho (Klotho), a type I transmembrane protein and a coreceptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, was initially thought to be expressed only in a limited number of tissues, most importantly the kidney, parathyroid gland and choroid plexus. Emerging data may suggest a more ubiquitous Klotho expression pattern which has prompted reevaluation of the restricted Klotho paradigm. Herein we systematically review the evidence for Klotho expression in various tissues and cell types in humans and other mammals, and discuss potential reasons behind existing conflicting data. Based on current literature and tissue expression atlases, we propose a classification of tissues into high, intermediate and low/absent Klotho expression. The functional relevance of Klotho in organs with low expression levels remain uncertain and there is currently limited data on a role for membrane-bound Klotho outside the kidney. Finally, we review the evidence for the tissue source of soluble Klotho, and conclude that the kidney is likely to be the principal source of circulating Klotho in physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rik Mencke
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pako J, Barta I, Balogh Z, Kerti M, Drozdovszky O, Bikov A, Antus B, Horvath I, Varga J. Assessment of the Anti-Aging Klotho Protein in Patients with COPD Undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation. COPD 2017; 14:176-180. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2016.1272563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Pako
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Barta
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Balogh
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Kerti
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Andras Bikov
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Antus
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildiko Horvath
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Varga
- National Koranyi Institute of Tb and Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Saghiv MS, Sira DB, Goldhammer E, Sagiv M. The effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercises on circulating soluble-Klotho and IGF-I in young and elderly adults and in CAD patients. J Circ Biomark 2017; 6:1849454417733388. [PMID: 29081845 PMCID: PMC5644364 DOI: 10.1177/1849454417733388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different studies support the notion that chronic aerobic exercises training can influence the circulating levels of soluble-Klotho (s-Klotho) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I). The effects of s-Klotho include improving the quality of life, alleviating the negative impact of age on the body's work capacity, and possibly increasing longevity. This review provides an overview of the latest findings in this field of research in humans. The different modes of dynamic exercise and their impact on circulating levels of s-Klotho and IGF-I in young adult athletes, untrained young adults, trained healthy older adults, untrained healthy older adults, and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients are reviewed and discussed. Together these findings suggest that long-lasting (chronic) aerobic exercise training is probably one of the antiaging factors that counteract the aging and CAD process by increasing the circulating s-Klotho and lowering the IGF-I levels. However, following anaerobic exercise training the opposite occurs. The exact metabolic and physiological pathways involved in the activity of these well-trained young and master sportsmen should be further studied and elucidated. The purpose of this review was to provide a clarification regarding the roles of s-Klotho and intensities and durations of different exercise on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moran S Saghiv
- Exercise Physiology Department, University of Mary, Bismarck, ND, USA
| | - D Ben Sira
- Life Sciences Department, Wingate College, Wingate, Israel
| | - E Goldhammer
- Heart Institute Bnai-Zion Haifa Medical Center, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - M Sagiv
- Life Sciences Department, Wingate College, Wingate, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Metabolic alterations by indoxyl sulfate in skeletal muscle induce uremic sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36618. [PMID: 27830716 PMCID: PMC5103201 DOI: 10.1038/srep36618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Pathogenic mechanism of skeletal muscle loss in CKD, which is defined as uremic sarcopenia, remains unclear. We found that causative pathological mechanism of uremic sarcopenia is metabolic alterations by uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate. Imaging mass spectrometry revealed indoxyl sulfate accumulated in muscle tissue of a mouse model of CKD. Comprehensive metabolomics revealed that indoxyl sulfate induces metabolic alterations such as upregulation of glycolysis, including pentose phosphate pathway acceleration as antioxidative stress response, via nuclear factor (erythroid-2-related factor)-2. The altered metabolic flow to excess antioxidative response resulted in downregulation of TCA cycle and its effected mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP shortage in muscle cells. In clinical research, a significant inverse association between plasma indoxyl sulfate and skeletal muscle mass in CKD patients was observed. Our results indicate that indoxyl sulfate is a pathogenic factor for sarcopenia in CKD.
Collapse
|
43
|
Angulo J, El Assar M, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Frailty and sarcopenia as the basis for the phenotypic manifestation of chronic diseases in older adults. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:1-32. [PMID: 27370407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a functional status that precedes disability and is characterized by decreased functional reserve and increased vulnerability. In addition to disability, the frailty phenotype predicts falls, institutionalization, hospitalization and mortality. Frailty is the consequence of the interaction between the aging process and some chronic diseases and conditions that compromise functional systems and finally produce sarcopenia. Many of the clinical manifestations of frailty are explained by sarcopenia which is closely related to poor physical performance. Reduced regenerative capacity, malperfusion, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation compose the sarcopenic skeletal muscle alterations associated to the frailty phenotype. Inflammation appears as a common determinant for chronic diseases, sarcopenia and frailty. The strategies to prevent the frailty phenotype include an adequate amount of physical activity and exercise as well as pharmacological interventions such as myostatin inhibitors and specific androgen receptor modulators. Cell response to stress pathways such as Nrf2, sirtuins and klotho could be considered as future therapeutic interventions for the management of frailty phenotype and aging-related chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular (IRYCIS/UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kureya Y, Kanazawa H, Ijiri N, Tochino Y, Watanabe T, Asai K, Hirata K. Down-Regulation of Soluble α-Klotho is Associated with Reduction in Serum Irisin Levels in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Lung 2016; 194:345-51. [PMID: 27140192 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The klotho gene was originally identified as a putative aging-suppressor gene. Klotho-depleted mice display a shortened life span and exhibit a variety of premature aging-related phenotypes such as pulmonary emphysema and sarcopenia. This study was designed to determine the roles of secreted-type klotho protein on lung and skeletal muscle in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Serum α-klotho and irisin levels were assayed in 16 non-smokers, 13 smokers without COPD, and 24 smokers with COPD. Moreover, we examined correlations between soluble α-klotho levels and the results of lung function test, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), and skeletal muscle function in smokers with COPD. RESULTS Soluble α-klotho levels were significantly lower in smokers with COPD compared to non-smokers and smokers without COPD. In smokers with COPD, those levels did not significantly correlate with any parameters of lung function test. In CPET, peak VO2 significantly correlated with FEV1 (% predicted) (r = 0.76, p = 0.0003) and DLCO (% predicted) (r = 0.62, p = 0.003). In contrast, soluble α-klotho levels did not significantly correlate with peak VO2. Irisin levels were also significantly lower in smokers with COPD. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between soluble α-klotho and serum irisin levels (r = 0.61, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings could provide a critical first step to understanding the impacts of soluble α-klotho on skeletal muscle in COPD and may lead to the identification of new molecular targets for the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kureya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kanazawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Ijiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tochino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hirata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hu MC, Shi M, Zhang J, Addo T, Cho HJ, Barker SL, Ravikumar P, Gillings N, Bian A, Sidhu SS, Kuro-o M, Moe OW. Renal Production, Uptake, and Handling of Circulating αKlotho. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:79-90. [PMID: 25977312 PMCID: PMC4696570 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
αKlotho is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in the kidney. Soluble αKlotho is released through cleavage of the extracellular domain from membrane αKlotho by secretases to function as an endocrine/paracrine substance. The role of the kidney in circulating αKlotho production and handling is incompletely understood, however. Here, we found higher αKlotho concentration in suprarenal compared with infrarenal inferior vena cava in both rats and humans. In rats, serum αKlotho concentration dropped precipitously after bilateral nephrectomy or upon treatment with inhibitors of αKlotho extracellular domain shedding. Furthermore, the serum half-life of exogenous αKlotho in anephric rats was four- to five-fold longer than that in normal rats, and exogenously injected labeled recombinant αKlotho was detected in the kidney and in urine of rats. Both in vivo (micropuncture) and in vitro (proximal tubule cell line) studies showed that αKlotho traffics from the basal to the apical side of the proximal tubule via transcytosis. Thus, we conclude that the kidney has dual roles in αKlotho homeostasis, producing and releasing αKlotho into the circulation and clearing αKlotho from the blood into the urinary lumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chang Hu
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Han Ju Cho
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah L Barker
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Priya Ravikumar
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nancy Gillings
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ao Bian
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Pathology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Orson W Moe
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Physiology, and
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Sun K, Simonsick E, Turner R, Miljkovic I, Harris T, Schwartz AV, Asao K, Kritchevsky S, Newman AB. Low Plasma Klotho Concentrations and Decline of Knee Strength in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:103-8. [PMID: 26359247 PMCID: PMC4706099 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the "anti-aging hormone" klotho is associated with sarcopenia in mice, the relationship between klotho and muscle strength in older adults is not well known. METHODS Plasma klotho concentrations were measured in 2,734 older adults, aged 71-80 years, who participated in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a prospective observational cohort study conducted in Memphis, TN and Pittsburgh, PA. Knee extension strength was measured using isokinetic dynamometry at baseline and follow-up 2 and 4 years later. Knee extension strength was normalized for weight. RESULTS At baseline, participants in the highest tertile of plasma klotho had higher knee extension strength (β = .72, standard error [SE] = .018, p < .0001) compared with those in the lowest tertile in a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, study site, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and diabetes. Participants in the highest tertile of plasma klotho at baseline had less of a decline in knee strength over 4 years of follow-up (β = -.025, SE = .011, p = .02) compared with those in the lowest tertile in a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for the same covariates above. CONCLUSIONS Plasma klotho concentrations were an independent predictor of changes in knee strength over time in older adults. Further studies are needed to identify the biological mechanisms by which circulating klotho could modify skeletal muscle strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | | | - Kai Sun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Randi Turner
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tamara Harris
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ann V Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Keiko Asao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis
| | - Stephen Kritchevsky
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pinheiro CHJ, Guimarães-Ferreira L. Editorial: Frontiers in skeletal muscle wasting, regeneration and stem cells. Front Physiol 2015; 6:141. [PMID: 26029111 PMCID: PMC4429626 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H J Pinheiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|