1
|
Zhou SY, Du JM, Li WJ, Liu QY, Zhang QY, Su GH, Li Y. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of cigarette smoke constituents in vascular remodeling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112784. [PMID: 39083928 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is a dynamic process involving cellular and molecular changes, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis or degradation, which disrupt the homeostasis of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is thought to promote vascular remodeling, but the components are complex and the mechanisms are unclear. In this review, we overview the progression of major components of cigarette smoke (CS), such as nicotine and acrolein, involved in vascular remodeling in terms of ECs injury, VSMCs proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and ECM disruption. The aim was to elucidate the effects of different components of CS on different cells of the vascular system, to discover the relevance of their actions, and to provide new references for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Min Du
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi-Yun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qun-Ye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Hai Su
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singhrao N, Flores-Tamez VA, Moustafa YA, Reddy GR, Burns AE, Pinkerton KE, Chen CY, Navedo MF, Nieves-Cintrón M. Nicotine Impairs Smooth Muscle cAMP Signaling and Vascular Reactivity. Microcirculation 2024; 31:e12871. [PMID: 38805589 PMCID: PMC11303104 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine nicotine's impact on receptor-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). We hypothesize that nicotine impairs β adrenergic-mediated cAMP signaling in VSM, leading to altered vascular reactivity. METHODS The effects of nicotine on cAMP signaling and vascular function were systematically tested in aortic VSM cells and acutely isolated aortas from mice expressing the cAMP sensor TEpacVV (Camper), specifically in VSM (e.g., CamperSM). RESULTS Isoproterenol (ISO)-induced β-adrenergic production of cAMP in VSM was significantly reduced in cells from second-hand smoke (SHS)-exposed mice and cultured wild-type VSM treated with nicotine. The decrease in cAMP synthesis caused by nicotine was verified in freshly isolated arteries from a mouse that had cAMP sensor expression in VSM (e.g., CamperSM mouse). Functionally, the changes in cAMP signaling in response to nicotine hindered ISO-induced vasodilation, but this was reversed by immediate PDE3 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that nicotine alters VSM β adrenergic-mediated cAMP signaling and vasodilation, which may contribute to the dysregulation of vascular reactivity and the development of vascular complications for nicotine-containing product users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Singhrao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abby E. Burns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schulz A, Schellinger IN, Backhaus SJ, Adler AS, Lange T, Evertz R, Kowallick JT, Hoffmann A, Matek C, Tsao PS, Hasenfuß G, Raaz U, Schuster A. Association of Cardiac MRI-derived Aortic Stiffness with Early Stages and Progression of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2024; 6:e230344. [PMID: 39145733 PMCID: PMC11369653 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.230344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate if aortic stiffening as detected with cardiac MRI is an early phenomenon in the development and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Materials and Methods Both clinical and preclinical studies were performed. The clinical study was a secondary analysis of the prospective HFpEF stress trial (August 2017 through September 2019) and included 48 participants (median age, 69 years [range, 65-73 years]; 33 female, 15 male) with noncardiac dyspnea (NCD, n = 21), overt HFpEF at rest (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP] ≥ 15 mm Hg, n = 14), and masked HFpEF at rest diagnosed during exercise stress (PCWP ≥ 25 mm Hg, n = 13) according to right heart catheterization. Additionally, all participants underwent echocardiography and cardiac MRI at rest and during exercise stress. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was calculated. The mechanistic preclinical study characterized cardiac function and structure in transgenic mice with induced arterial stiffness (Runx2-smTg mice). Statistical analyses comprised nonparametric and parametric comparisons, Spearman correlations, and logistic regression models. Results Participants with HFpEF showed increased PWV (NCD vs masked HFpEF: 7.0 m/sec [IQR: 5.0-9.5 m/sec] vs 10.0 m/sec [IQR: 8.0-13.4 m/sec], P = .005; NCD vs overt HFpEF: 7.0 m/sec [IQR: 5.0-9.5 m/sec] vs 11.0 m/sec [IQR: 7.5-12.0 m/sec], P = .01). Increased PWV correlated with higher PCWP (P = .006), left atrial and left ventricular long-axis strain (all P < .02), and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels (P < .001). Participants with overt HFpEF had higher levels of myocardial fibrosis, as demonstrated by increased native T1 times (1199 msec [IQR: 1169-1228 msec] vs 1234 msec [IQR: 1208-1255 msec], P = .009). Aortic stiffness was independently associated with HFpEF on multivariable analyses (odds ratio, 1.31; P = .049). Runx2-smTG mice exhibited an "HFpEF" phenotype compared with wild-type controls, with preserved left ventricular fractional shortening but an early and late diastolic mitral annulus velocity less than 1 (mean, 0.67 ± 0.39 [standard error of the mean] vs 1.45 ± 0.47; P = .004), increased myocardial collagen deposition (mean, 11% ± 1 vs 2% ± 1; P < .001), and increased brain natriuretic peptide levels (mean, 171 pg/mL ± 23 vs 101 pg/mL ± 10; P < .001). Conclusion This study provides translational evidence that increased arterial stiffness might be associated with development and progression of HFpEF and may facilitate its early detection. Keywords: MR Functional Imaging, MR Imaging, Animal Studies, Cardiac, Aorta, Heart ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03260621 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schulz
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Isabel N. Schellinger
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | | | - Ansgar S. Adler
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Torben Lange
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Ruben Evertz
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Johannes T. Kowallick
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Annett Hoffmann
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Christian Matek
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- From the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (A. Schulz);
Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center
Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40,
37099 Göttingen, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H.,
U.R., A. Schuster); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Lower Saxony, Germany (A. Schulz, I.N.S., S.J.B., T.L., R.E., G.H., U.R.,
A. Schuster); School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences,
King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (S.J.B., A. Schuster);
Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.S.A.);
FORUM Radiology, Rosdorf, Germany (J.T.K.); German Center for Cardiovascular
Research (DZHK), Partner Site Lower Saxony, Germany (J.T.K.); Department of
General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University
Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (A.H.); Institute of
Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (C.M.); Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (P.S.T.); VA
Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif (P.S.T.); and FORUM Cardiology,
Rosdorf, Germany (A. Schuster)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lindenberger M, Ziegler M, Bjarnegård N, Ebbers T, Dyverfeldt P. Regional and Global Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024; 67:506-513. [PMID: 37777048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is commonly defined as localised aortic dilatation with a diameter > 30 mm. The pathophysiology of AAA includes chronic inflammation and enzymatic degradation of elastin, possibly increasing aortic wall stiffness and pulse wave velocity (PWV). Whether aortic stiffness is more prominent in the abdominal aorta at the aneurysm site is not elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate global and regional aortic PWV in patients with AAA. METHODS Experimental study of local PWV in the thoracic descending and abdominal aorta in patients with AAA and matched controls. The study cohort comprised 25 patients with an AAA > 30 mm (range 36 - 70 mm, all male, age range 65 - 76 years) and 27 age and sex matched controls free of AAA. PWV was measured with applanation tonometry (carotid-femoral PWV, cfPWV) as well as a 4D flow MRI technique, assessing regional aortic PWV. Blood pressure and anthropometrics were measured. RESULTS Global aortic PWV was greater in men with an AAA than controls, both by MRI (AAA 8.9 ± 2.4 m/s vs. controls 7.1 ± 1.5 m/s; p = .007) and cfPWV (AAA 11.0 ± 2.1 m/s vs. controls 9.3 ± 2.3 m/s; p = .007). Regionally, PWV was greater in the abdominal aorta in the AAA group (AAA 7.0 ± 1.8 m/s vs. controls 5.8 ± 1.0 m/s; p = .022), but similar in the thoracic descending aorta (AAA 8.7 ± 3.2 m/s vs. controls 8.2 ± 2.4 m/s; p = .59). Furthermore, PWV was positively associated with indices of central adiposity both in men with AAA and controls. CONCLUSION PWV is higher in men with AAA compared with matched controls in the abdominal but not the thoracic descending aorta. Furthermore, aortic stiffness was linked with central fat deposition. It remains to be seen whether there is a causal link between AAA and increased regional aortic stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Lindenberger
- Department of Cardiology in Linköping, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Magnus Ziegler
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualisation (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Bjarnegård
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tino Ebbers
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualisation (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Petter Dyverfeldt
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Centre for Medical Image Science and Visualisation (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schellinger IN, Dannert A, Hoffmann A, Chodisetti G, Mattern K, Petzold A, Klöting N, Schuster A, Wagenhäuser MU, Emrich F, Stumvoll M, Hasenfuß G, Raaz U. Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibition (Sacubitril/Valsartan) Reduces Structural Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032641. [PMID: 38348796 PMCID: PMC11010079 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing arterial stiffness is a prominent feature of the aging cardiovascular system. Arterial stiffening leads to fundamental alterations in central hemodynamics with widespread detrimental implications for organ function resulting in significant morbidity and death, and specific therapies to address the underlying age-related structural arterial remodeling remain elusive. The present study investigates the potential of the recently clinically available dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696) to counteract age-related arterial fibrotic remodeling and stiffening in 1-year-old mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of in 1-year-old mice with ARNI (sacubitril/valsartan), in contrast to angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy (valsartan) and vehicle treatment (controls), significantly decreases structural aortic stiffness (as measured by in vivo pulse-wave velocity and ex vivo aortic pressure myography). This phenomenon appears, at least partly, independent of (indirect) blood pressure effects and may be related to a direct antifibrotic interference with aortic smooth muscle cell collagen production. Furthermore, we find aortic remodeling and destiffening due to ARNI treatment to be associated with improved parameters of cardiac diastolic function in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preclinical mechanistic evidence indicating that ARNI-based interventions may counteract age-related arterial stiffening and may therefore be further investigated as a promising strategy to improve cardiovascular outcomes in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N. Schellinger
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V. Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Department for Endocrinology, Nephrology and RheumatologyUniversity Medical Center Leipzig, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Angelika Dannert
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Annet Hoffmann
- Department for Endocrinology, Nephrology and RheumatologyUniversity Medical Center Leipzig, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Giriprakash Chodisetti
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Karin Mattern
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Anne Petzold
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Department for Endocrinology, Nephrology and RheumatologyUniversity Medical Center Leipzig, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Andreas Schuster
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V. Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Markus U. Wagenhäuser
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Fabian Emrich
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular SurgeryGoethe University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department for Endocrinology, Nephrology and RheumatologyUniversity Medical Center Leipzig, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V. Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyHeart Center at the University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V. Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Braß SM, Mazrekaj A, Mulorz J, Ibing W, Krott KJ, Takeuchi K, Cappallo M, Liu HH, Elvers M, Schelzig H, Wagenhäuser MU. Nicotine Potentially Alters Endothelial Inflammation and Cell Adhesion via LGALS9. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 38248876 PMCID: PMC10816207 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endothelial cell layer is essential for the maintenance of various blood vessel functions. Major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction that contribute to aortic pathologies such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and aortic dissection (AD) include smoking tobacco cigarettes and hypertension. This study explores the effects of nicotine (Nic) and angiotensin II (Ang II) on human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) at a transcriptional level. METHODS HAoECs were exposed to 100 nM Nic and/or 100 nM Ang II. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify regulated genes following exposure. Results were validated applying RT-qPCR. GeneMANIA was used to perform in silico analysis aiming to identify potential downstream interacting genes in inflammatory, cell-adhesion, endothelial cell proliferation, and coagulation pathways. RESULTS RNA-Seq identified LGALS9 (Galectin-9) as being potentially regulated following Nic exposure, while subsequent RT-qPCR experiments confirmed the transcriptional regulation (p < 0.05). Subsequent in silico analysis identified potential candidate genes for interacting with LGALS9 in different gene sets. Of the top 100 genes potentially interacting with LGALS9, 18 were inflammatory response genes, 28 were involved in cell adhesion, 2 in cell proliferation, and 6 in coagulation. CONCLUSION Nic exposure of HAoECs causes a significant increase in LGALS9 at a transcriptional level. LGALS9 itself may serve as key regulator for essential endothelial cell processes via interfering with various signaling pathways and may thus represent a potentially novel target in the pathogenesis of aortic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sönke Maximilian Braß
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Agnesa Mazrekaj
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joscha Mulorz
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ibing
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kim-Jürgen Krott
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiku Takeuchi
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Cappallo
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CURE 3D Lab, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hsiang-Han Liu
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mulorz J, Ibing W, Cappallo M, Braß SM, Takeuchi K, Raaz U, Schellinger IN, Krott KJ, Schelzig H, Aubin H, Oberhuber A, Elvers M, Wagenhäuser MU. Ethanol Enhances Endothelial Rigidity by Targeting VE-Cadherin-Implications for Acute Aortic Dissection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4967. [PMID: 37568369 PMCID: PMC10420172 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is caused by an endothelial entry tear followed by intimomedial delamination of the outer layers of the vessel wall. The established risk factors include hypertension and smoking. Another rising candidate risk factor is excessive alcohol consumption. This experimental study explores the effects of nicotine (Nic), angiotensin II (Ang II), and ethanol (EtOH) on human aortic endothelial cells (hAoEC). (2) Methods: HAoECs were exposed to Nic, Ang II, and EtOH at different dose levels. Cell migration was studied using the scratch assay and live-cell imaging. The metabolic viability and permeability capacity was investigated using the water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay and an in vitro vascular permeability assay. Cell adherence was studied by utilizing the hanging drop assay. The transcriptional and protein level changes were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry for major junctional complexing proteins. (3) Results: We observed reduced metabolic viability following Ang II and EtOH exposure vs. control. Further, cell adherence was enhanced by EtOH exposure prior to trituration and by all risk factors after trituration, which correlated with the increased gene and protein expression of VE-cadherin upon EtOH exposure. The cell migration capacity was reduced upon EtOH exposure vs. controls. (4) Conclusion: Marked functional changes were observed upon exposure to established and potential risk factors for AAD development in hAoECs. Our findings advocate for an enhanced mechanical rigidity in hAoECs in response to the three substances studied, which in turn might increase endothelial rigidity, suggesting a novel mechanism for developing an endothelial entry tear due to reduced deformability in response to increased shear and pulsatile stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Mulorz
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Wiebke Ibing
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Cappallo
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CURE3D Lab, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sönke Maximilian Braß
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kiku Takeuchi
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Nahal Schellinger
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- University Heart Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kim Jürgen Krott
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
- CURE3D Lab, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Oberhuber
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hadzikadunic H, Sjælland TB, Lindholt JS, Steffensen LB, Beck HC, Kavaliunaite E, Rasmussen LM, Stubbe J. Nicotine Administration Augments Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051417. [PMID: 37239088 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and elastin degradation are key hallmarks in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). It has been acknowledged that activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) attenuates inflammation, termed the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). Thus, we hypothesize that low-dose nicotine impairs the progression of elastase-induced AAAs in rats by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgical AAA induction with intraluminal elastase infusion. We compared vehicle rats with rats treated with nicotine (1.25 mg/kg/day), and aneurysm progression was monitored by weekly ultrasound images for 28 days. Nicotine treatment significantly promoted AAA progression (p = 0.031). Additionally, gelatin zymography demonstrated that nicotine significantly reduced pro-matrix metalloproteinase (pro-MMP) 2 (p = 0.029) and MMP9 (p = 0.030) activity in aneurysmal tissue. No significant difference was found in the elastin content or the score of elastin degradation between the groups. Neither infiltrating neutrophils nor macrophages, nor aneurysmal messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, differed between the vehicle and nicotine groups. Finally, no difference in mRNA levels of markers for anti-oxidative stress or the vascular smooth muscle cells' contractile phenotype was observed. However, proteomics analyses of non-aneurysmal abdominal aortas revealed that nicotine decreased myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate and proteins, in ontology terms, inflammatory response and reactive oxygen species, and in contradiction to augmented AAAs. In conclusion, nicotine at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg/day augments AAA expansion in this elastase AAA model. These results do not support the use of low-dose nicotine administration for the prevention of AAA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hadzikadunic
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tea Bøvling Sjælland
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bach Steffensen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Egle Kavaliunaite
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Treatment for Arterial Disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mulorz J, Spin JM, Mulorz P, Wagenhäuser MU, Deng A, Mattern K, Rhee YH, Toyama K, Adam M, Schelzig H, Maegdefessel L, Tsao PS. E-cigarette exposure augments murine abdominal aortic aneurysm development: role of Chil1. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:867-878. [PMID: 36413508 PMCID: PMC10409905 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cardiovascular disease with a strong correlation to smoking, although underlying mechanisms have been minimally explored. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) have gained recent broad popularity and can deliver nicotine at comparable levels to tobacco cigarettes, but effects on AAA development are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the impact of daily e-cig vaping with nicotine on AAA using two complementary murine models and found that exposure enhanced aneurysm development in both models and genders. E-cigs induced changes in key mediators of AAA development including cytokine chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/Chil1) and its targeting microRNA-24 (miR-24). We show that nicotine triggers inflammatory signalling and reactive oxygen species while modulating miR-24 and CHI3L1/Chil1 in vitro and that Chil1 is crucial to e-cig-augmented aneurysm formation using a knockout model. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion our work shows increased aneurysm formation along with augmented vascular inflammation in response to e-cig exposure with nicotine. Further, we identify Chil1 as a key mediator in this context. Our data raise concerns regarding the potentially harmful long-term effects of e-cig nicotine vaping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Mulorz
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua M Spin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pireyatharsheny Mulorz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Markus Udo Wagenhäuser
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alicia Deng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karin Mattern
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yae H Rhee
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Matti Adam
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hubert Schelzig
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany (partner site: Munich)
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 300 Pasteur Drive, Standford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamada K, Toyota K, Tsunoda Y, Matahira Y, Matsumura S, Yoshioka Y, Zaima N, Unno N. Effects of inhaled β‑caryophyllene on vascular stiffness in smokers: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:57. [PMID: 36588810 PMCID: PMC9780513 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 1.14 billion smokers worldwide are at risk of developing tumors, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. Smoking cessation is the first choice of health care; however, the disease should be attenuated in individuals who never stop smoking, which escalates medical costs. Therefore, alternative options are needed to manage the social burden. The present study proposed an alternative method to prevent such diseases by inhalation of β-caryophyllene (BCP). A placebo-targeted, dose-searching, double-blind, parallel-group comparative study was conducted on 19 subjects. The BCP intervention was performed using a flavor capsule inserted in a cigarette filter. The primary endpoint was the reducibility of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). The secondary endpoints were confirmation of the bioavailability of BCP inhalation with cigarette smoke, confirmation of the effect of BCP inhalation on respiratory function, and association between respiratory function and blood concentration and baPWV reduction. The BCP concentration in the blood reached 4 ng/ml in the BCP 15% group 10 min after inhalation. The baPWV decreased in BCP-inhaling subjects whose initial baPWV was >1,300 cm/sec. The correlation analyses revealed that the higher the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, the better the transition of baPWV. Inhaled BCP with cigarette smoke could reduce the baPWV and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in smokers. These findings indicated that with the introduction of BCP capsule-cigarettes in the future, smokers will be able to take care of their health, which may help reduce national medical costs. BCP microcapsules placed in cigarette wrapping paper may possibly reduce the risk of sidestream smoke and contribute to improved public health. This clinical research was retrospectively registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN)-Clinical Trials Registry with the following identifications: UMIN000048510 and UMIN000048512 on August 15, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamada
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 419-0201, Japan
| | - Kohei Toyota
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 419-0201, Japan
| | - Yamato Tsunoda
- Sunsho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fuji, Shizuoka 419-0201, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuri Yoshioka
- Inabata Koryo, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Osaka 532-0027, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Zaima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan,Correspondence to: Professor Nobuhiro Zaima, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan,Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8580, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hensley SE, Upchurch GR. Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: JACC Focus Seminar, Part 1. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:821-831. [PMID: 35981826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), defined by an aortic diameter >3 cm, affect >1 million people in the United States. Risk factors for AAA include male sex, family history of AAA, smoking, Caucasian ethnicity, and age. Patients with known AAA should undergo regular surveillance via ultrasonography. Medical management, including smoking cessation and blood pressure management, is recommended for asymptomatic patients who do not meet the threshold for intervention. Repair options include endovascular aortic repair and open surgical repair, with good outcomes in long-term follow-up. Men with AAA >5.5 cm and women with AAA >5.0 cm in general should undergo elective repair. Medical management, including smoking cessation and blood pressure management, is recommended for asymptomatic patients who do not meet the threshold for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Hensley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang L, Li C. The Biological Effects of Smoking on the Formation and Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:862916. [PMID: 35903120 PMCID: PMC9315281 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.862916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aneurysms of the cerebral vasculature are relatively common, which grow unpredictably, and even small aneurysms carry a risk of rupture. Rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA) is a catastrophic event with a high mortality rate. Pieces of evidence have demonstrated that smoking is closely related to the formation and rupture of IA. However, the biological effect of smoking cigarettes on the formation and rupture of IA is still underrepresented. Methods The study protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO, registration number CRD42020203634. We performed a systematic search in PubMed and CNKI for studies exploring the biological effects of smoking on intracranial aneurysms published up to December 2021, and all studies were included in the analysis. The RevMan software was used for data analysis. Results A total of 6,196 patients were included in 14 original articles in this meta-analysis. The risk of ruptured IA in the current smoking group was significantly higher than that in the non-smoking group, with statistical significance (RRtotal = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11–1.37). After heterogeneity among cohorts was removed by the sensitivity analysis, there was still a statistically significant difference in the risk of ruptured IA between the smoking and non-smoking groups (RR total = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.18–1.34). There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of ruptured IA between the former smoking (smoking cessation) group and the non-smoking group (RRtotal = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.50–2.38). After heterogeneity among cohorts was removed by sensitivity analysis, there was still no statistically significant difference in the risk of ruptured IA between the former smoking (smoking cessation) group and the non-smoking group (RRtotal = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.47–1.19). The risk of the ruptured IA in the current smoking group was significantly higher than that in the former smoking (smoking cessation) group, with a statistically significant difference (RRtotal=1.42, 95%CI: 1.27–1.59). Conclusion Although the biological effects of smoking on the formation and rupture of IA are unknown, this study suggests that current smoking is a risk factor for ruptured IA. Quitting smoking is very important for patients with IA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbin Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Baoding No. 1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Glioma in Hebei Province, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Lijian Zhang
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhui Li
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ho E, Mulorz J, Wong J, Wagenhäuser MU, Tsao PS, Ramasubramanian AK, Lee SJJ. Nicotine Affects Murine Aortic Stiffness and Fatigue Response During Supraphysiological Cycling. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1114460. [PMID: 34244728 PMCID: PMC8420792 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases. Although the deleterious effects of nicotine on aortic remodeling processes have been studied to some extent, the biophysical consequences are not fully elucidated. In this investigation, we applied quasi-static and dynamic loading to quantify ways in which exposure to nicotine affects the mechanical behavior of murine arterial tissue. Segments of thoracic aortas from C57BL/6 mice exposed to 25 mg/kg/day of subcutaneous nicotine for 28 days were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading in an open-circumferential configuration. Comparing aorta segments from nicotine-treated mice relative to an equal number of control counterparts, stiffness in the circumferential direction was nearly twofold higher (377 kPa ± 165 kPa versus 191 kPa ± 65 kPa, n = 5, p = 0.03) at 50% strain. Using a degradative power-law fit to fatigue data at supraphysiological loading, we observed that nicotine-treated aortas exhibited significantly higher peak stress, greater loss of tension, and wider oscillation band than control aortas (p ≤ 0.01 for all three variables). Compared to simple stress relaxation tests, fatigue cycling is shown to be more sensitive and versatile in discerning nicotine-induced changes in mechanical behavior over many cycles. Supraphysiological fatigue cycling thus may have broader potential to reveal subtle changes in vascular mechanics caused by other exogenous toxins or pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ho
- Mechanical Engineering, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0087,e-mail:
| | - Joscha Mulorz
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany,e-mail:
| | - Jason Wong
- Mechanical Engineering, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0087,e-mail:
| | - Markus U. Wagenhäuser
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstraße 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany,e-mail:
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Stanford University School of Medicine and VA Palo Alto Health Care System,3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304,e-mail:
| | - Anand K. Ramasubramanian
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0082,e-mail:
| | - Sang-Joon John Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0087,e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Busch A, Bleichert S, Ibrahim N, Wortmann M, Eckstein HH, Brostjan C, Wagenhäuser MU, Goergen CJ, Maegdefessel L. Translating mouse models of abdominal aortic aneurysm to the translational needs of vascular surgery. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:219-234. [PMID: 34778850 PMCID: PMC8577080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition that has considerable socioeconomic impact and an eventual rupture is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Despite decades of research, surgical repair remains the treatment of choice and no medical therapy is currently available. Animal models and, in particular, murine models, of AAA are a vital tool for experimental in vivo research. However, each of the different models has individual limitations and provide only partial mimicry of human disease. This narrative review addresses the translational potential of the available mouse models, highlighting unanswered questions from a clinical perspective. It is based on a thorough presentation of the available literature and more than a decade of personal experience, with most of the available models in experimental and translational AAA research. Results From all the models published, only the four inducible models, namely the angiotensin II model (AngII), the porcine pancreatic elastase perfusion model (PPE), the external periadventitial elastase application (ePPE), and the CaCl2 model have been widely used by different independent research groups. Although the angiotensin II model provides features of dissection and aneurysm formation, the PPE model shows reliable features of human AAA, especially beyond day 7 after induction, but remains technically challenging. The translational value of ePPE as a model and the combination with β-aminopropionitrile to induce rupture and intraluminal thrombus formation is promising, but warrants further mechanistic insights. Finally, the external CaCl2 application is known to produce inflammatory vascular wall thickening. Unmet translational research questions include the origin of AAA development, monitoring aneurysm growth, gender issues, and novel surgical therapies as well as novel nonsurgical therapies. Conclusion New imaging techniques, experimental therapeutic alternatives, and endovascular treatment options provide a plethora of research topics to strengthen the individual features of currently available mouse models, creating the possibility of shedding new light on translational research questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nahla Ibrahim
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wortmann
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universitaetsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus U Wagenhäuser
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nicotine Exacerbates TAAD Formation Induced by Smooth Muscle-Specific Deletion of the TGF- β Receptor 2. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6880036. [PMID: 34646889 PMCID: PMC8505064 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6880036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD). However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms due to the lack of validated animal models. The present study developed a mouse model that may be utilized to investigate exacerbation of TAAD formation by mimetics of tobacco smoke. TAADs were created via inducible deletion of smooth muscle cell-specific Tgfbr2 receptors. Using this model, the first set of experiments evaluated the efficacy of nicotine salt (34.0 mg/kg/day), nicotine free base (NFB, 5.0 mg 90-day pellets), and cigarette smoke extract (0.1 ml/mouse/day). Compared with their respective control groups, only NFB pellets promoted TAAD dilation (23 ± 3% vs. 12 ± 2%, P = 0.014), and this efficacy was achieved at a cost of >50% acute mortality. Infusion of NFB with osmotic minipumps at extremely high, but nonlethal, doses (15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg/day) failed to accelerate TAAD dilation. Interestingly, costimulation with β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) promoted TAAD dilation and aortic rupture at dosages of 3.0 and 45.0 mg/kg/day, respectively, indicating that BAPN sensitizes the response of TAADs to NFB. In subsequent analyses, the detrimental effects of NFB were associated with clustering of macrophages, neutrophils, and T-cells in areas with structural destruction, enhanced matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 2 production, and pathological angiogenesis with attenuated fibrosis in the adventitia. In conclusion, modeling nicotine exacerbation of TAAD formation requires optimization of chemical form, route of delivery, and dosage of the drug as well as the pathologic complexity of TAADs. Under the optimized conditions of the present study, chronic inflammation and adventitial mal-remodeling serve as critical pathways through which NFB exacerbates TAAD formation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Poussin C, van der Toorn M, Scheuner S, Piault R, Kondylis A, Savioz R, Dulize R, Peric D, Guedj E, Maranzano F, Merg C, Morelli M, Egesipe AL, Johne S, Majeed S, Pak C, Schneider T, Schlage WK, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Systems toxicology study reveals reduced impact of heated tobacco product aerosol extract relative to cigarette smoke on premature aging and exacerbation effects in aged aortic cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3341-3359. [PMID: 34313809 PMCID: PMC8448694 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging and smoking are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Our in vitro study compared, in the context of aging, the effects of the aerosol of Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS; an electrically heated tobacco product) and 3R4F reference cigarette smoke (CS) on processes that contribute to vascular pathomechanisms leading to CVD. Young and old human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC) were exposed to various concentrations of aqueous extracts (AE) from 3R4F CS [0.014-0.22 puffs/mL] or THS aerosol [0.11-1.76 puffs/mL] for 24 h. Key markers were measured by high-content imaging, transcriptomics profiling and multianalyte profiling. In our study, in vitro aging increased senescence, DNA damage, and inflammation and decreased proliferation in the HAoSMCs. At higher concentrations of 3R4F AE, young HAoSMCs behaved similarly to aged cells, while old HAoSMCs showed additional DNA damage and apoptosis effects. At 3R4F AE concentrations with the maximum effect, the THS AE showed no significant effect in young or old HAoSMCs. It required an approximately ten-fold higher concentration of THS AE to induce effects similar to those observed with 3R4F. These effects were independent of nicotine, which did not show a significant effect on HAoSMCs at any tested concentration. Our results show that 3R4F AE accelerates aging in young HAoSMCs and exacerbates the aging effect in old HAoSMCs in vitro, consistent with CS-related contributions to the risk of CVD. Relative to 3R4F AE, the THS AE showed a significantly reduced impact on HAoSMCs, suggesting its lower risk for vascular SMC-associated pathomechanisms leading to CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Poussin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Marco van der Toorn
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Scheuner
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Romain Piault
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Savioz
- Consultants in Science Sàrl, Biopole, Route de la Corniche 4, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rémi Dulize
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Peric
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Maranzano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Merg
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Egesipe
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Johne
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Claudius Pak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Str. 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ikezoe T, Shoji T, Guo J, Shen F, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Nunokawa M, Kubota H, Miyata M, Xu B, Dalman RL. No Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on Elastase-Induced Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1434. [PMID: 34680067 PMCID: PMC8533453 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies link hyperlipidemia with increased risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the influence of lipid-lowering drugs statins on prevalence and progression of clinical and experimental AAAs varies between reports, engendering controversy on the association of hyperlipidemia with AAA disease. This study investigated the impact of hypercholesterolemia on elastase-induced experimental AAAs in mice. METHODS Both spontaneous (targeted deletion of apolipoprotein E) and induced mouse hypercholesterolemia models were employed. In male wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice, hypercholesterolemia was induced via intraperitoneal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding a gain-of-function proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mutation (PCSK9) followed by the administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) (PCSK9+HFD) for two weeks. As normocholesterolemic controls for PCSK9+HFD mice, WT mice were infected with PCSK9 AAV and fed normal chow, or injected with phosphate-buffered saline alone and fed HFD chow. AAAs were induced in all mice by intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase and assessed by ultrasonography and histopathology. RESULTS In spontaneous hyper- and normo-cholesterolemic male mice, the aortic diameter enlarged at a constant rate from day 3 through day 14 following elastase infusion. AAAs, defined as a more than 50% diameter increase over baseline measurements, formed in all mice. AAA progression was more pronounced in male mice, with or without spontaneous hyperlipidemia. The extent of elastin degradation and smooth muscle cell depletion were similar in spontaneous hyper- (score 3.5 for elastin and 4.0 for smooth muscle) and normo- (both scores 4.0) cholesterolemic male mice. Aortic mural macrophage accumulation was also equivalent between the two groups. No differences were observed in aortic accumulation of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, B cells, or mural angiogenesis between male spontaneous hyper- and normocholesterolemic mice. Similarly, no influence of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia on characteristic aneurysmal histopathology was noted in female mice. In confirmatory experiments, induced hypercholesterolemia also exerted no appreciable effect on AAA progression and histopathologies. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated no recognizable impact of hypercholesterolemia on elastase-induced experimental AAA progression in both spontaneous and induced hypercholesterolemia mouse models. These results add further uncertainty to the controversy surrounding the efficacy of statin therapy in clinical AAA disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ikezoe
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.I.); (T.S.); (J.G.); (F.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (M.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Takahiro Shoji
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.I.); (T.S.); (J.G.); (F.S.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Minatoku, Tokyo 108-0073, Japan
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.I.); (T.S.); (J.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Fanru Shen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.I.); (T.S.); (J.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (H.S.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (H.S.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Masao Nunokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (M.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Kubota
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; (M.N.); (H.K.)
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.I.); (T.S.); (J.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.I.); (T.S.); (J.G.); (F.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dynamic Crosstalk between Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and the Aged Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810175. [PMID: 34576337 PMCID: PMC8468233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is accompanied by the fragmentation of elastic fibers and collagen deposition, leading to reduced distensibility and increased vascular stiffness. A rigid artery facilitates elastin to degradation by MMPs, exposing vascular cells to greater mechanical stress and triggering signaling mechanisms that only exacerbate aging, creating a self-sustaining inflammatory environment that also promotes vascular calcification. In this review, we highlight the role of crosstalk between smooth muscle cells and the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and how aging promotes smooth muscle cell phenotypes that ultimately lead to mechanical impairment of aging arteries. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and the role of associated changes in ECM during aging may contribute to new approaches to prevent or delay arterial aging and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu S, Luo J, Fu M, Luo L, Cai Y, Li W, Li Y, Dong R, Yang Y, Tu L, Xu X. Soluble epoxide hydrolase deletion attenuated nicotine-induced arterial stiffness via limiting the loss of SIRT1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H353-H368. [PMID: 34142887 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00979.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a consequence of smoking, is an underlying risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), have beneficial effects against vascular dysfunction. However, the role of sEH knockout in nicotine-induced arterial stiffness was not characterized. We hypothesized that sEH knockout could prevent nicotine-induced arterial stiffness. In the present study, Ephx2 (the gene encodes sEH enzyme) null (Ephx2-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) littermate mice were infused with or without nicotine and administered with or without nicotinamide [NAM, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) inhibitor] simultaneously for 4 wk. Nicotine treatment increased sEH expression and activity in the aortas of WT mice. Nicotine infusion significantly induced vascular remodeling, arterial stiffness, and SIRT1 deactivation in WT mice, which was attenuated in Ephx2 knockout mice (Ephx2-/- mice) without NAM treatment. However, the arterial protective effects were gone in Ephx2-/- mice with NAM treatment. In vitro, 11,12-EET treatment attenuated nicotine-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) upregulation via SIRT1-mediated yes-associated protein (YAP) deacetylation. In conclusion, sEH knockout attenuated nicotine-induced arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling via SIRT1-induced YAP deacetylation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We presently show that sEH knockout repressed nicotine-induced arterial stiffness and extracellular matrix remodeling via SIRT1-induced YAP deacetylation, which highlights that sEH is a potential therapeutic target in smoking-induced arterial stiffness and vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liman Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Cai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Md Salleh MFRR, Aminuddin A, Hamid AA, Salamt N, Japar Sidik FZ, Ugusman A. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Nicotine-Induced Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667102. [PMID: 34194328 PMCID: PMC8236855 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nicotine is an addictive compound in cigarette smoke that triggers oxidative stress, which leads to vascular dysfunction. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. is a herb with antioxidant and vascular protective effects. This study evaluated the potential protective effect of the aqueous extract of P. sarmentosum leaf (AEPS) on vascular dysfunction in rats induced with prolonged nicotine administration. A total of 22 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (normal saline, oral gavage [p.o.]), nicotine (0.8 mg/kg/day nicotine, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), and nicotine + AEPS groups (250 mg/kg/day AEPS, p.o. + 0.8 mg/kg/day nicotine, i.p.). Treatment was given for 21 days. Thoracic aortae were harvested from the rats for the measurement of vasorelaxation, vascular nitric oxide (NO) level, and antioxidant level and the assessment of vascular remodeling. Rats treated with AEPS had improved vasorelaxation to endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (ACh), compared with the nicotine-induced rats (p < 0.05). The presence of endothelium increased the maximum relaxation of aortic rings in response to ACh. Compared with the nicotine group, AEPS enhanced vascular NO level (p < 0.001) and increased antioxidant levels as measured by superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05), catalase activity (p < 0.01), and reduced glutathione level (p < 0.05). No remarkable changes in aortic histomorphometry were detected. In conclusion, P. sarmentosum attenuates vascular endothelial dysfunction in nicotine-induced rats by improving vasorelaxation and enhancing vascular NO and antioxidant levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Adila A Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Norizam Salamt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Whitehead AK, Erwin AP, Yue X. Nicotine and vascular dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13631. [PMID: 33595878 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the single most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the role of nicotine, the addictive component of all tobacco products, in the development of CVD is incompletely understood. Although increased public awareness of the harms of cigarette smoking has successfully led to a decline in its prevalence, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cig) or electronic nicotine delivery system has increased dramatically in recent years because of the perception that these products are safe. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the expression and function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the cardiovascular system and the impact of nicotine exposure on cardiovascular health, with a focus on nicotine-induced vascular dysfunction. Nicotine alters vasoreactivity through endothelium-dependent and/or endothelium-independent mechanisms, leading to clinical manifestations in both cigarette smokers and e-cig users. In addition, nicotine induces vascular remodelling through its effects on proliferation, migration and matrix production of both vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this review is to identify critical knowledge gaps regarding the effects of nicotine on the vasculature and to stimulate continued nicotine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Whitehead
- Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Abigail P. Erwin
- Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Xinping Yue
- Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich, Germany.,Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schellinger IN, Wagenhäuser M, Chodisetti G, Mattern K, Dannert A, Petzold A, Jakubizka-Smorag J, Emrich F, Haunschild J, Schuster A, Schwob E, Schulz K, Maegdefessel L, Spin JM, Stumvoll M, Hasenfuß G, Tsao PS, Raaz U. MicroRNA miR-29b regulates diabetic aortic remodeling and stiffening. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:188-199. [PMID: 33767915 PMCID: PMC7957025 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are threatened by excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While accelerated arterial stiffening may represent a critical mechanistic factor driving cardiovascular risk in T2D, specific therapies to contain the underlying diabetic arterial remodeling have been elusive. The present translational study investigates the role of microRNA-29b (miR-29b) as a driver and therapeutic target of diabetic aortic remodeling and stiffening. Using a murine model (db/db mice), as well as human aortic tissue samples, we find that diabetic aortic remodeling and stiffening is associated with medial fibrosis, as well as fragmentation of aortic elastic layers. miR-29b is significantly downregulated in T2D and miR-29b repression is sufficient to induce both aortic medial fibrosis and elastin breakdown through upregulation of its direct target genes COL1A1 and MMP2 thereby increasing aortic stiffness. Moreover, antioxidant treatment restores aortic miR-29b levels and counteracts diabetic aortic remodeling. Concluding, we identify miR-29b as a comprehensive—and therefore powerful—regulator of aortic remodeling and stiffening in T2D that moreover qualifies as a (redox-sensitive) target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Schellinger
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department for Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Wagenhäuser
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Giriprakash Chodisetti
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Mattern
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Dannert
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Petzold
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Jakubizka-Smorag
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Emrich
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schuster
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schwob
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kei Schulz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joshua M Spin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department for Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuß
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
El-Mahdy MA, Mahgoup EM, Ewees MG, Eid MS, Abdelghany TM, Zweier JL. Long-term electronic cigarette exposure induces cardiovascular dysfunction similar to tobacco cigarettes: role of nicotine and exposure duration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H2112-H2129. [PMID: 33606584 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00997.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping (ECV) has been proposed as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarette smoking (TCS); however, this remains controversial due to a lack of long-term comparative studies. Therefore, we developed a chronic mouse exposure model that mimics human vaping and allows comparison with TCS. Longitudinal studies were performed to evaluate alterations in cardiovascular function with TCS and ECV exposure durations of up to 60 wk. For ECV, e-cig liquid with box-mod were used and for TCS, 3R4F-cigarettes. C57/BL6 male mice were exposed 2 h/day, 5 days/wk to TCS, ECV, or air control. The role of vape nicotine levels was evaluated using e-cig-liquids with 0, 6, or 24 mg/mL nicotine. Following 16-wk exposure, increased constriction to phenylephrine and impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation were observed in aortic segents, paralleling the onset of systemic hypertension, with elevations in systemic vascular resistance. Following 32 wk, TCS and ECV induced cardiac hypertrophy. All of these abnormalities further increased out to 60 wk of exposure, with elevated heart weight and aortic thickness along with increased superoxide production in vessels and cardiac tissues of both ECV and TCS mice. While ECV-induced abnormalities were seen in the absence of nicotine, these occurred earlier and were more severe with higher nicotine exposure. Thus, long-term vaping of e-cig can induce cardiovascular disease similar to TCS, and the severity of this toxicity increases with exposure duration and vape nicotine content.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A chronic mouse exposure model that mimics human e-cigarette vaping and allows comparison with tobacco cigarette smoking was developed and utilized to perform longitudinal studies of alterations in cardiovascular function. E-cigarette exposure led to the onset of cardiovascular disease similar to that with tobacco cigarette smoking. Impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation with increased adrenergic vasoconstriction were observed, paralleling the onset of systemic hypertension and subsequent cardiac hypertrophy. This cardiovascular toxicity was dependent on exposure duration and nicotine dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mahdy
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Elsayed M Mahgoup
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud S Eid
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Environmental and Smoking Induced Disease and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tarran R, Barr RG, Benowitz NL, Bhatnagar A, Chu HW, Dalton P, Doerschuk CM, Drummond MB, Gold DR, Goniewicz ML, Gross ER, Hansel NN, Hopke PK, Kloner RA, Mikheev VB, Neczypor EW, Pinkerton KE, Postow L, Rahman I, Samet JM, Salathe M, Stoney CM, Tsao PS, Widome R, Xia T, Xiao D, Wold LE. E-Cigarettes and Cardiopulmonary Health. FUNCTION 2021; 2:zqab004. [PMID: 33748758 PMCID: PMC7948134 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cigarettes have surged in popularity over the last few years, particularly among youth and young adults. These battery-powered devices aerosolize e-liquids, comprised of propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, typically with nicotine, flavors, and stabilizers/humectants. Although the use of combustible cigarettes is associated with several adverse health effects including multiple pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, the effects of e-cigarettes on both short- and long-term health have only begun to be investigated. Given the recent increase in the popularity of e-cigarettes, there is an urgent need for studies to address their potential adverse health effects, particularly as many researchers have suggested that e-cigarettes may pose less of a health risk than traditional combustible cigarettes and should be used as nicotine replacements. This report is prepared for clinicians, researchers, and other health care providers to provide the current state of knowledge on how e-cigarette use might affect cardiopulmonary health, along with research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal L Benowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation Center University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hong W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Pamela Dalton
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire M Doerschuk
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Bradley Drummond
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and the Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Eric R Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vladimir B Mikheev
- Individual and Population Health, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evan W Neczypor
- Biomedical Science Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Postow
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Catherine M Stoney
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - DaLiao Xiao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Lawrence D Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Colleges of Medicine and Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Epidemiology and management of aortic disease: aortic aneurysms and acute aortic syndromes. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:331-348. [PMID: 33353985 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aorta is the 'greatest artery', through which oxygenated blood is delivered from the left ventricle to end organs with each cardiac cycle (200 million litres of blood transported in an average lifetime). The aorta can be affected by a wide spectrum of acute factors (such as cocaine use, weight lifting and trauma) and chronic acquired and/or genetic conditions (such as systemic arterial hypertension and phaeochromocytoma), which variously lead to increased aortic wall stress. The medial layer of the aorta can also be subject to abnormalities (such as Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, inflammatory vasculitis, atherosclerosis and infections). Despite important advances in diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, data derived from registries and population-based studies highlight that the burden of aortic diseases remains high. Therefore, specific resources need to be allocated to design and implement preventive strategies (healthy lifestyles, modifications to cardiovascular risk factors, and educational and screening programmes) at individual and community levels. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiology, management and outcomes of the most common aortic diseases, namely, aortic aneurysms and acute aortic syndromes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hyperlipidemia does not affect development of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:73-83. [PMID: 32949946 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperlipidemia is a suggested risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, whether hyperlipidemia is causally involved in AAA progression remains elusive. Here, we tested the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia aggravates AAA formation in the widely used porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) model of AAA in mice with varying levels of plasma lipids. METHODS Prior to PPE-surgery, 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 32) received 1·1011 viral genomes of rAAV8-D377Y-mPcsk9 or control rAAV8 via the tail vein. Mice were fed either western type diet or regular chow. At baseline and during the 28 days following PPE-surgery, mice underwent weekly ultrasonic assessment of AAA progression. Experiments were repeated using Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice (n = 7) and wildtype C57BL/6J mice (n = 5). RESULTS At sacrifice, maximal intergroup plasma cholesterol and non-HDL/HDL ratio differences were >5-fold and >20-fold, respectively. AAA diameters expanded to 150% of baseline, but no intergroup differences were detected. This was verified in an independent experiment comparing 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice with wildtype mice. Histological evaluation of experimental AAA lesions revealed accumulated lipid in neointimal and medial layers, and analysis of human AAA lesions (n = 5) obtained from open repair showed medial lipid deposition. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we find that lipid deposition in the aortic wall is a feature of PPE-induced AAA in mice as well as human AAA lesions. Despite, our data do not support the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia contributes to AAA progression.
Collapse
|
28
|
Heldt NA, Seliga A, Winfield M, Gajghate S, Reichenbach N, Yu X, Rom S, Tenneti A, May D, Gregory BD, Persidsky Y. Electronic cigarette exposure disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and promotes neuroinflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:363-380. [PMID: 32243899 PMCID: PMC7899242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has grown substantially since inception, particularly among adolescents and combustible tobacco users. Several cigarette smoke constituents with known neurovascular effect are present in e-cigarette liquids or formed during the vapor generation. The present study establishes inhaled models of cigarette and e-cigarette use with normalized nicotine delivery, then characterizes the impact on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Sequencing of microvessel RNA following exposure revealed downregulation of several genes with critical roles in BBB function. Reduced protein expression of Occludin and Glut1 is also observed at the tight junction in all groups following exposure. Pro-inflammatory changes in leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction are also noted, and mice exposed to nicotine-free e-cigarettes have impaired novel object recognition performance. On this basis, it is concluded that long term e-cigarette use may adversely impact neurovascular health. The observed effects are noted to be partly independent of nicotine content and nicotine may even serve to moderate the effects of non-nicotinic components on the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Heldt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alecia Seliga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malika Winfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sachin Gajghate
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Reichenbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amogha Tenneti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dana May
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian D Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Haunschild J, Schellinger IN, Barnard SJ, von Aspern K, Davierwala P, Misfeld M, Petroff D, Borger MA, Etz CD. Bicuspid aortic valve patients show specific epigenetic tissue signature increasing extracellular matrix destruction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 29:937-943. [PMID: 31501876 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have an increased risk for developing thoracic aortic aneurysm, which is characterized by the destruction of the elastic media of the aortic wall. Several important enzymes have been characterized to play key roles in extracellular matrix homeostasis, namely matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated MMP-2 levels and their epigenetic regulation via the miR-29 family. METHODS Aortic tissue samples from 58 patients were collected during cardiac surgery, of which 30 presented with a BAV and 28 with a tricuspid aortic valve. Polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyse MMP-2. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements were carried out to investigate both MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 levels. To examine the epigenetic regulation of aortic extracellular matrix homeostasis, we furthermore studied the expression levels of miR-29 via qRT-PCR. RESULTS Patients with a BAV were significantly younger at the time of surgery, presented significantly less frequently with arterial hypertension and displayed more often with an additional valvular disease. On a molecular level, we found that MMP-2 is increased on gene and protein level in BAV patients. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 levels do not differ between the groups. Interestingly, we also found that only miR-29A is significantly downregulated in BAVs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of MMP-2 in the context of extracellular matrix destruction in BAV patients. We present new evidence that miR-29A is a crucial epigenetic regulator of these pathomechanistic processes and might hold promise for future translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephina Haunschild
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel N Schellinger
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah J Barnard
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Piroze Davierwala
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Misfeld
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Petroff
- Centre for Clinical Trials, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael A Borger
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian D Etz
- University Department for Cardiac Surgery, Leipzig Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu B, Granville DJ, Golledge J, Kassiri Z. Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H652-H670. [PMID: 32083977 PMCID: PMC7099451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at ∼200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Surgery, Madison Wisconsin
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries Centre and University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital and Health Services, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- University of Alberta, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zalghout S, Kaplan A, Abidi E, El-Achkar GA, Nour-Eldine W, Khalil AA, Kobeissy F, Husari A, Habib A, Zouein FA, Hamade E. Tobacco cigarette smoking exacerbates aortic calcification in an early stage of myocardial infarction in a female mouse model. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:1568-1575. [PMID: 31310016 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased social awareness, marketing restraints, tobacco taxation, and available smoking cessation rehab programs, active and passive smoking remain a worldwide challenging epidemic and a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases development. Although cardiovascular (CV) protection is more pronounced in women than in men due to estrogenic effects, tobacco cigarette smoking exposure seems to alter this protection by modulating estrogen actions via undefined mechanisms. Premenopausal cigarette smoking women are at higher risk of adverse CV effects than non-smokers. In this study, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoking on early CV injury after myocardial infarction (MI) in non-menopausal female mice. Aortic arch calcification, fibrosis, reactive oxygen species, and gene expression of inflammatory and calcification genes were exaggerated in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). These findings suggest that aortic injury following MI, characterized by vascular smooth muscle cells transdifferentiation, calcification, inflammation, and collagen deposition but not cardiac dysfunction is exacerbated with CS exposure. The novel findings of this study highlight the importance of aortic injury on short and long-term prognosis in CS-exposed MI females. Linking those findings to estrogen alteration is probable and entails investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zalghout
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Repair Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Repair Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghewa A El-Achkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wared Nour-Eldine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Asmaa A Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSERM-U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, France
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Repair Division, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Szostak J, Wong ET, Titz B, Lee T, Wong SK, Low T, Lee KM, Zhang J, Kumar A, Schlage WK, Guedj E, Phillips B, Leroy P, Buettner A, Xiang Y, Martin F, Sewer A, Kuczaj A, Ivanov NV, Luettich K, Vanscheeuwijck P, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. A 6-month systems toxicology inhalation study in ApoE -/- mice demonstrates reduced cardiovascular effects of E-vapor aerosols compared with cigarette smoke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H604-H631. [PMID: 31975625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00613.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes is harmful to the cardiovascular system. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of alternative nicotine-containing inhalable products such as e-cigarettes. We investigated the effects of E-vapor aerosols or cigarette smoke (CS) on atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular function, and molecular changes in the heart and aorta of female apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. The mice were exposed to aerosols from three different E-vapor formulations: 1) carrier (propylene glycol and vegetable glycerol), 2) base (carrier and nicotine), or 3) test (base and flavor) or to CS from 3R4F reference cigarettes for up to 6 mo. Concentrations of CS and base or test aerosols were matched at 35 µg nicotine/L. Exposure to CS, compared with sham-exposed fresh air controls, accelerated atherosclerotic plaque formation, whereas no such effect was seen for any of the three E-vapor aerosols. Molecular changes indicated disease mechanisms related to oxidative stress and inflammation in general, plus changes in calcium regulation, and altered cytoskeletal organization and microtubule dynamics in the left ventricle. While ejection fraction, fractional shortening, cardiac output, and isovolumic contraction time remained unchanged following E-vapor aerosols exposure, the nicotine-containing base and test aerosols caused an increase in isovolumic relaxation time similar to CS. A nicotine-related increase in pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness was also observed, but it was significantly lower for base and test aerosols than for CS. These results demonstrate that in comparison with CS, E-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses associated with smoking-related cardiovascular diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Analysis of key urinary oxidative stress markers and proinflammatory cytokines showed an absence of oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals exposed to E-vapor aerosols. Conversely, animals exposed to conventional cigarette smoke had high urinary levels of these markers. When compared with conventional cigarette smoke, E-vapor aerosols induced smaller atherosclerotic plaque surface area and volume. Systolic and diastolic cardiac function, as well as endothelial function, were further significantly less affected by electronic cigarette aerosols than conventional cigarette smoke. Molecular analysis demonstrated that E-vapor aerosols induce significantly smaller transcriptomic dysregulation in the heart and aorta compared with conventional cigarette smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Lee
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Sin Kei Wong
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Low
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research and development, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Yang Xiang
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuczaj
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanscheeuwijck
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Frobert O, Reitan C, Hatsukami DK, Pernow J, Omerovic E, Andell P. Smokeless tobacco, snus, at admission for percutaneous coronary intervention and future risk for cardiac events. Open Heart 2019; 6:e001109. [PMID: 31673392 PMCID: PMC6803000 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2019-001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the risk of future death and cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients using smokeless tobacco, snus, compared with patients not using snus at admission for a first PCI. Methods The Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry is a prospective registry on coronary diagnostic procedures and interventions. A total of 74 958 patients admitted for a first PCI were enrolled between 2009 and 2018, 6790 snus users and 68 168 not using snus. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for statistical modelling on imputed datasets as well as complete-case datasets. Results Patients using snus were younger (mean (SD) age 61.0 (±10.2) years) than patients not using snus (67.6 (±11.1), p<0.001) and more often male (95.4% vs 67.4%, p<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, snus use was not associated with the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, new coronary revascularisation or new hospitalisation for heart failure at 1 year (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.05). In patients using snus at baseline who underwent a second PCI (n=1443), the duration from the index intervention was shorter for subjects who continued using snus (n=921, 63.8%) compared with subjects who had stopped (mean number of days 285 vs 406, p value=0.001). Conclusions Snus use at admission for a first PCI was not associated with a higher occurrence of all-cause mortality, new revascularisation or heart failure hospitalisation. Discontinuing snus after a first PCI was associated with a significantly longer duration to a subsequent PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole Frobert
- Faculty of Health, Department of Cardiology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christian Reitan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Pernow
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elmir Omerovic
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pontus Andell
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Aging has a significant impact not only on every single individual but on society as a whole. Today, people throughout the world exhibit an extended lifespan. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to develop novel concepts that encourage a modern understanding of the aging process. The concept of healthy aging shifts the perception of aging as a burden towards aging as an opportunity for an extended healthy phase in later life. Morbidity and mortality in the elderly population are greatly defined by a raise in the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, it is critical to identify risk factors and underlying mechanisms that render the aging (cardio)vascular system prone to disease. In this review, we focus on structural mechanisms of arterial stiffening as a major manifestation of vascular aging and its functional implications for the concept of healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N. Schellinger
- From the Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., K.M., U.R.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Germany (I.N.S.)
| | - Karin Mattern
- From the Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., K.M., U.R.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Partner site Gottingen, Germany (K.M., U.R.)
| | - Uwe Raaz
- From the Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany (I.N.S., K.M., U.R.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research e.V., Partner site Gottingen, Germany (K.M., U.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Babic M, Schuchardt M, Tölle M, van der Giet M. In times of tobacco-free nicotine consumption: The influence of nicotine on vascular calcification. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13077. [PMID: 30721530 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains the most important avoidable cause of global mortality. Even though the number of cigarette smokers declines in first world countries, the uses of alternative nicotine delivery products increase and may even surpass the sells of cigarettes. In this light, the explicit role of nicotine in the development of cardiovascular diseases should be elucidated. OBJECTIVES This narrative review attempts to connect current literature about possible effects of nicotine on the environment of the vasculature to the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, focusing on the tunica media of the vessel wall. METHODS For this review, papers found on Pubmed and Medline until December 2018 by searching for the keywords nicotine, vascular calcification, oxidative stress, osteoblastic transdifferentiation and matrix degradation were considered. RESULTS Nicotine creates an environment that probably facilitates and maybe even induces osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMC by inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species. This process is believed to be a key event in calcification of the tunica media of the vessel wall. Furthermore, nicotine could lead to the formation of nucleation sites for hydroxyapatite by facilitating matrix vesicles and extracellular matrix degradation. CONCLUSIONS There is a growing body of evidence implicating that nicotine alone could impair vascular function and lead to vascular calcification. Further research is necessary to elucidate the explicit influence of nicotine on arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milen Babic
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|