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Bautista CJ, Reyes-Castro LA, Lomas-Soria C, Ibáñez CA, Zambrano E. Late-in-life Exercise Ameliorates the Aging Trajectory Metabolism Programmed by Maternal Obesity in Rats: It is Never Too Late. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103002. [PMID: 38735235 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity (MO) has been shown to adversely affect metabolic, oxidative, reproductive, and cognitive function in offspring. However, it is unclear whether lifestyle modification can ameliorate the metabolic and organ dysfunction programmed by MO and prevent the effects of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate whether moderate voluntary exercise in the offspring of rats born to obese mothers can ameliorate the adverse effects of MO programming on metabolism and liver function in mid-adulthood. METHODS Offspring of control (CF1) and MOF1 mothers were fed with a control diet from weaning. Adult males and females participated in 15 min exercise sessions five days/week. Metabolic parameters were analyzed before and after the exercise intervention. Liver oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Males showed that CF1ex ran more than MOF1ex and increased the distance covered. In contrast, females in both groups ran similar distances and remained constant but ran more distance than males. At PND 300 and 450, male and female MOF1 had higher leptin, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels than CF1. However, male MOF1ex had lower triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels than MOF1. Improvements in liver fat and antioxidant enzymes were observed in CF1ex and MOF1ex males and females compared to their respective CF1 and MOF1 groups. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that moderate voluntary exercise, even when started in mid-adulthood, can improve metabolic outcomes and delay accelerated metabolic aging in MO-programmed rats in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Bautista
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Cátedras Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Ibáñez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico; Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Barsimantov Mandel J, Solorio L, Tepole AB. Geometry of adipocyte packing in subcutaneous tissue contributes to nonlinear tissue properties captured through a Gaussian process surrogate model. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:4197-4207. [PMID: 38477130 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous tissue mechanical response is governed by the geometry and mechanical properties at the microscale and drives physiological and clinical processes such as drug delivery. Even though adipocyte packing is known to change with age, disease, and from one individual to another, the link between the geometry of the packing and the overall mechanical response of adipose tissue remains poorly understood. Here we create 1200 periodic representative volume elements (RVEs) that sample the possible space of Laguerre packings describing adipose tissue. RVE mechanics are modeled under tri-axial loading. Equilibrium configuration of RVEs is solved by minimizing an energetic potential that includes volume change contributions from adipocyte expansion, and area change contributions from collagen foam stretching. The resulting mechanical response across all RVE samples is interpolated with the aid of a Gaussian process (GP), revealing how the microscale geometry dictates the overall RVE mechanics. For example, increase in adipocyte size and increase in sphericity lead to adipose tissue softening. We showcase the use of the homogenized model in finite element simulations of drug injection by implementing a Blatz-Ko model, informed by the GP, as a custom material in the popular open-source package FEBio. These simulations show how microscale geometry can lead to vastly different injection dynamics even if the constituent parameters are held constant, highlighting the importance of characterizing individual's adipose tissue structure in the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Adrian Buganza Tepole
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Rd, West Lafayette, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
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3
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Ibáñez CA, Lira-León G, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Lomas-Soria C, Hernández-Rojas A, Bravo-Flores E, Solis-Paredes JM, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Zambrano E. Programming Mechanism of Adipose Tissue Expansion in the Rat Offspring of Obese Mothers Occurs in a Sex-Specific Manner. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102245. [PMID: 37242132 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether excessive retroperitoneal adipose tissue (AT) expansion programmed by maternal obesity (MO) affects adipocyte size distribution and gene expression in relation to adipocyte proliferation and differentiation in male and female offspring (F1) from control (F1C) and obese (F1MO) mothers. Female Wistar rats (F0) ate a control or high-fat diet from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. F1 were weaned onto a control diet and euthanized at 110 postnatal days. Fat depots were weighed to estimate the total AT. Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were determined. Adipocyte size and adipogenic gene expression were examined in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight, retroperitoneal AT and adipogenesis differed between male and female F1Cs. Retroperitoneal AT, glucose, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin were higher in male and female F1MO vs. F1C. Small adipocytes were reduced in F1MO females and absent in F1MO males; large adipocytes were increased in F1MO males and females vs. F1C. Wnt, PI3K-Akt, and insulin signaling pathways in F1MO males and Egr2 in F1MO females were downregulated vs. F1C. MO induced metabolic dysfunction in F1 through different sex dimorphism mechanisms, including the decreased expression of pro-adipogenic genes and reduced insulin signaling in males and lipid mobilization-related genes in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Lira-León
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eyerahí Bravo-Flores
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Juan Mario Solis-Paredes
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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4
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Uomoto S, Takesue K, Shimizu S, Maeda N, Oshima K, Hara E, Kobayashi M, Takahashi Y, Shibutani M, Yoshida T. Phenobarbital, a hepatic metabolic enzyme inducer, inhibits preneoplastic hepatic lesions with expression of selective autophagy receptor p62 and ER-phagy receptor FAM134B in high-fat diet-fed rats through the inhibition of ER stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113607. [PMID: 36657701 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-phagy in NAFLD-related hepatocarcinogenesis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed and/or phenobarbital (PB)-treated rats by clustering the expression levels of the selective autophagy receptor p62 and the ER-phagy-specific receptor FAM134B in preneoplastic hepatic lesions. We obtained four clusters with variable expression levels of p62 and FAM134B in preneoplastic lesions, and a variable population of clusters in each group. PB administration increased the clusters with high expression levels of p62 while HFD feeding increased the clusters with high expression levels of both p62 and FAM134B. The areas of preneoplastic lesions of these clusters were significantly increased than those of other clusters with low expression levels of p62 and FAM134B. The combination of HFD feeding with PB counteracted the effects of each other, and the cluster composition was similar to that in the control group. The results were associated with decreased gene expression of ER stress, inflammatory cytokine, autophagy, and increased expression of antioxidant enzyme. The present study demonstrated that clustering analysis is useful for understanding the role of autophagy in each preneoplastic lesion, and that HFD feeding increased preneoplastic lesions through the inhibition of ER-phagy, which was cancelled with PB administration through the induction of ER-phagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Uomoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takesue
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Natsuno Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kanami Oshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Emika Hara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Kotzé-Hörstmann LM, Bedada DT, Johnson R, Mabasa L, Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The effects of a green Rooibos ( Aspalathus linearis) extract on metabolic parameters and adipose tissue biology in rats fed different obesogenic diets. Food Funct 2022; 13:12648-12663. [PMID: 36441182 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02440c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current pharmaceutical treatments addressing obesity are plagued by high costs, low efficacy and adverse side effects. Natural extracts are popular alternatives, but evidence for their anti-obesity properties is scant. We assessed the efficacy of a green (minimally-oxidized) Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) extract (GRT) to ameliorate the effects of obesogenic feeding in rats, by examining body weight, metabolic measures, adipose tissue cellularity and tissue-resident adipose stem cells (ASCs). Furthermore, we performed statistical correlations to explore the relationships and interactions between metabolic and adipose tissue measures. Using an in vivo/ex vivo study design, male Wistar rats were maintained for 17 weeks on one of 3 diets: CON (laboratory chow), OB1 (high-sugar, medium fat) or OB2 (high-fat, high-cholesterol) (n = 24 each). From weeks 11-17, half of the animals in each group received oral GRT supplementation (60 mg per kg body weight daily). Blood and tissue samples were collected, and ASCs from each animal were cultured. Diets OB1 and OB2 induced divergent metabolic profiles compared to CON, but metabolic measures within dietary groups were mostly unaffected by GRT supplementation. Notably, diets OB1 and OB2 uncoupled the positive association between visceral adiposity and insulin resistance, while GRT uncoupled the positive association between elevated serum cholesterol and liver damage. Obesogenic feeding and GRT supplementation induced adipocyte enlargement in vivo, but lipid accumulation in cultured ASCs did not differ between dietary groups. Larger adipocyte size in subcutaneous fat was associated with favourable glucose metabolism measures in all GRT groups. In conclusion, GRT affected the associations between systemic, adipose tissue-level and cellular measures against the background of obesogenic diet-induced metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Kotzé-Hörstmann
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Institute for Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - D T Bedada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - R Johnson
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), PO Box 19070, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - L Mabasa
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa. .,Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), PO Box 19070, Parow 7505, South Africa
| | - H Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
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Allman BR, McDonald S, May L, Børsheim E. Resistance Training as a Countermeasure in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Literature and Future Directions. Sports Med 2022; 52:2871-2888. [PMID: 35810251 PMCID: PMC10043826 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant health concern for both mother and offspring. Exercise has emerged as a cornerstone of glycemic management in GDM. However, most research regarding this topic examines aerobic training (AT), despite substantial evidence for the effectiveness of resistance training (RT) in improving dysregulated glucose in other groups of people with diabetes, such as in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review research that examined the impact of RT on markers of glucose management in GDM, and to discuss future research directions to determine the benefits of RT in GDM. Based on the current evidence, RT is effective in reducing insulin requirement, especially in overweight women, reducing fasting glucose concentrations, and improving short-term postprandial glycemic control. However, the number of studies and findings limit conclusions about the impact of RT on risk of GDM, fasting insulin concentrations, insulin resistance, β-cell function, and intra-exercise glucose management. Overall, current evidence is accumulating to suggest that RT is a promising non-pharmacological tool to regulate circulating glucose concentrations in women with GDM, and a potential alternative or supplement to AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Allman
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Samantha McDonald
- School of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Linda May
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Research, ECU, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Departments of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36412162 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obese mothers' offspring develop obesity and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Poor postnatal dietary patterns also contribute to obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to determine whether in obese mothers' offspring an adverse postnatal environment, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption (second hit) exacerbates body fat accumulation, metabolic alterations and adipocyte size distribution. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C-5 %-fat) or HFD (maternal obesity (MO)-25 %-fat) from weaning until the end of lactation. Male offspring were weaned on either control (C/C and MO/C, maternal diet/offspring diet) or HFD (C/HF and MO/HF) diet. At 110 postnatal days, offspring were killed. Fat depots were excised to estimate adiposity index (AI). Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined. Adipocyte size distribution was evaluated in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight was similar in C/C and MO/C but higher in C/HF and MO/HF. AI, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C but lower than MO/HF. Glucose increased in MO/HF v. MO/C. C/HF and MO/C had higher triglyceride and corticosterone than C/C, but lower corticosterone than MO/HF. DHEA and the DHEA/corticosterone ratio were lower in C/HF and MO/C v. C/C, but higher than MO/HF. Small adipocyte proportion decreased while large adipocyte proportions increased in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C and exacerbated in MO/HF v. C/HF. Postnatal consumption of a HFD by the offspring of obese mothers exacerbates body fat accumulation as well as the decrease of small and the increase of large adipocytes, which leads to larger metabolic abnormalities.
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Rodríguez-González GL, Vargas-Hernández L, Reyes-Castro LA, Ibáñez CA, Bautista CJ, Lomas-Soria C, Itani N, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Espejel-Nuñez A, Flores-Pliego A, Montoya-Estrada A, Reyes-Muñoz E, Taylor PD, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Resveratrol Supplementation in Obese Pregnant Rats Improves Maternal Metabolism and Prevents Increased Placental Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101871. [PMID: 36290594 PMCID: PMC9598144 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) causes maternal and fetal oxidative stress (OS) and metabolic dysfunction. We investigated whether supplementing obese mothers with resveratrol improves maternal metabolic alterations and reduces OS in the placenta and maternal and fetal liver. From weaning through pregnancy female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or a high-fat diet (MO). One month before mating until 19 days’ gestation (dG), half the rats received 20 mg resveratrol/kg/d orally (Cres and MOres). At 19dG, maternal body weight, retroperitoneal fat adipocyte size, metabolic parameters, and OS biomarkers in the placenta and liver were determined. MO mothers showed higher body weight, triglycerides and leptin serum concentrations, insulin resistance (IR), decreased small and increased large adipocytes, liver fat accumulation, and hepatic upregulation of genes related to IR and inflammatory processes. Placenta, maternal and fetal liver OS biomarkers were augmented in MO. MOres mothers showed more small and fewer large adipocytes, lower triglycerides serum concentrations, IR and liver fat accumulation, downregulation of genes related to IR and inflammatory processes, and lowered OS in mothers, placentas, and female fetal liver. Maternal resveratrol supplementation in obese rats improves maternal metabolism and reduces placental and liver OS of mothers and fetuses in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Lilia Vargas-Hernández
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexico City 01090, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Nozomi Itani
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Research Direction, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Aurora Espejel-Nuñez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Araceli Montoya-Estrada
- Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reyes-Muñoz
- Coordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Paul D. Taylor
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5487-0900 (ext. 2417)
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Chavira-Suárez E, Reyes-Castro LA, López-Tenorio II, Vargas-Hernández L, Rodríguez-González GL, Chavira R, Zárate-Segura P, Domínguez-López A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Zambrano E. Sex-differential RXRα gene methylation effects on mRNA and protein expression in umbilical cord of the offspring rat exposed to maternal obesity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892315. [PMID: 36072345 PMCID: PMC9442673 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) induces negative consequences in the offspring development. Adiposity phenotype is associated with maternal diet at early pregnancy and DNA methylation marks in the RXRα promotor at birth. Glucocorticoids play an important role in the regulation of metabolism through the activation of nuclear hormone receptors such as the RXRα protein. The aim of the study was to analyze steroid hormone changes at the end of pregnancy in the obese mother and RXRα gene methylation in the umbilical cord. For this purpose, in a well-established MO model, female Wistar rats were fed either standard chow (controls: C) or high-fat obesogenic diet (MO) before and during pregnancy to evaluate at 19 days of gestation (19 dG): 1) maternal concentration of circulating steroid hormones in MO and C groups, 2) maternal and fetal weights, 3) analysis of correlation between hormones concentration and maternal and fetal weights, 4) DNA methylation status of a single locus of RXRα gene near the early growth response (EGR-1) protein DNA binding site, and 5) RXRα mRNA and protein expressions in umbilical cords. Our results demonstrate that at 19 dG, MO body weight before and during pregnancy was higher than C; MO progesterone and corticosterone serum concentrations were higher and estradiol lower than C. There were not differences in fetal weight between male and female per group, therefore averaged data was used; MO fetal weight was lower than C. Positive correlations were found between progesterone and corticosterone with maternal weight, and estradiol with fetal weight, while negative correlation was observed between corticosterone and fetal weight. Additionally, male umbilical cords from MO were hypermethylated in RXRα gene compared to male C group, without differences in the female groups; mRNA and protein expression of RXRα were decreased in F1 male but not in female MO compared to C. In conclusion, MO results in dysregulation of circulating steroid hormones of the obese mothers and low fetal weight in the F1, modifying DNA methylation of RXRα gene as well as RXRα mRNA and protein expression in the umbilical cord in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Itzel Ivonn López-Tenorio
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Lilia Vargas-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexico City, México
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Paola Zárate-Segura
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
- *Correspondence: Elena Zambrano,
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10
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Córdoba-Sosa G, Nicolás-Toledo L, Cervantes-Rodríguez M, Xelhuantzi-Arreguin N, Arteaga-Castañeda MDL, Zambrano E, Cuevas-Romero E, Rodríguez-Antolín J. Maternal and Offspring Sugar Consumption Increases Perigonadal Adipose Tissue Hypertrophy and Negatively Affects the Testis Histological Organization in Adult Rats. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893099. [PMID: 35784458 PMCID: PMC9247188 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar intake has been associated with the development of male reproductive pathologies because of the increase and dysfunction in different adipose tissue depots. The establishment of these dysfunctions in the early stages of development is unknown. We evaluated the effect of maternal (pregnancy and lactation) and male offspring (from weaning to adulthood) consumption of 5% sucrose on perigonadal adipose tissue (PAT) and testis in adulthood. Moreover, two rat groups were compared, both including pregnant and lactating females: Control (C—drinking tap water) and sugar (S—consuming 5% sucrose solution). From weaning to adulthood with male offspring, four subgroups were formed: Control Mother → Control and Sugar offspring (CC, CS) and Sugar Mother → Control and Sugar offspring (SC, SS). At 120 postnatal days, the testes and PAT were collected and morphologically described. Furthermore, we quantified the number and cross-sectional area of perigonadal adipocytes and their distribution. We found that the males from SC and SS groups showed high PAT weight (p < 0.005), a high number (p < 0.05), and a relative frequency of large adipocytes (p < 0.05), establishing these results during gestational and lactation stages, and enhancing in adulthood since postnatal diet and its interaction. More macrophages, mast cells, and Leydig cells were observed in the interstitial space of the testis for the CS, SC, and SS groups, concluding that consumption of a high-carbohydrate maternal diet, program hypertrophy processes in adult PAT, developing and enhancing with sugar consumption during postnatal life. Furthermore, they are associated with inflammatory processes within the interstitial space of the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Córdoba-Sosa
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Leticia Nicolás-Toledo
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Nicté Xelhuantzi-Arreguin
- Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Licenciatura en Enfermería y Obstetricia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología Reproductiva, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Jorge Rodríguez-Antolín,
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11
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Vickers MH. Early life nutrition and neuroendocrine programming. Neuropharmacology 2021; 205:108921. [PMID: 34902348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the nutritional environment in early life can significantly increase the risk for obesity and a range of development of metabolic disorders in offspring in later life, effects that can be passed onto future generations. This process, termed development programming, provides the framework of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) paradigm. Early life nutritional compromise including undernutrition, overnutrition or specific macro/micronutrient deficiencies, results in a range of adverse health outcomes in offspring that can be further exacerbated by a poor postnatal nutritional environment. Although the mechanisms underlying programming remain poorly defined, a common feature across the phenotypes displayed in preclinical models is that of altered wiring of neuroendocrine circuits that regulate satiety and energy balance. As such, altered maternal nutritional exposures during critical early periods of developmental plasticity can result in aberrant hardwiring of these circuits with lasting adverse consequences for the offspring. There is also increasing evidence around the role of an altered epigenome and the gut-brain axis in mediating some of the central programming effects observed. Further, although such programming was once considered to result in a permanent change in developmental trajectory, there is evidence, at least from preclinical models, that programming can be reversed via targeted nutritional manipulations during early development. Further work is required at a mechanistic level to allow for identification for early markers of later disease risk, delineation of sex-specific effects and pathways to implementation of strategies aimed at breaking the transgenerational transmission of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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12
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Exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and high-fat diet consumption after weaning in rats: repercussions on periovarian adipose tissue. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:634-641. [PMID: 34859760 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies show that maternal hyperglycemia can change the programming of offspring leading to transgenerational effects. These changes may be related to environmental factors, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, and contribute to the comorbidity onset at the adulthood of the offspring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hyperglycemic intrauterine environment, associated or not with an HFD administered from weaning to adult life on the periovarian adipose tissue of rat offspring Maternal diabetes was chemically induced by Streptozotocin. Female offsprings were randomly distributed into four experimental groups (n = 5 animals/group): Female offspring from control or diabetic mothers and fed an HFD or standard diet. HFD was prepared with lard enrichment and given from weaning to adulthood. On day 120 of life, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed to obtain adipose tissue samples. Then, the hyperglycemic intrauterine environment and HFD fed after weaning caused a higher body weight, total fat, and periovarian fat in adult offspring, which could compromise the future reproductive function of these females. These rats showed higher adiposity index and adipocyte area, contributing to hypertrophied adipose tissue. Therefore, maternal diabetes itself causes intergenerational changes and, in association with the HFD consumption after weaning, exacerbated the changes in the adipose tissue of adult female offspring.
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13
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Zambrano E, Lomas-Soria C, Nathanielsz PW. Rodent studies of developmental programming and ageing mechanisms: Special issue: In utero and early life programming of ageing and disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13631. [PMID: 34061987 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidence exists indicating that developmental programming influences ageing. Programming alters life-course phenotype in multiple organs, predisposing to diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease that shorten lifespan. This review describes studies in rodents, the most commonly studied species, addressing interactions of programming challenges with ageing. We first consider ageing and programming of insulin function that has been clearly shown to decrease with age. It is important to evaluate ageing in pancreatic islets isolated from other systems. Studies discussed show premature pancreatic islet ageing resulting from both maternal under- and overnutrition. New ways to determine programming of adipose tissue and effects on fat storage are explored. Oxidative stress is a major factor that regulates ageing in tissues. Oxidative stress is discussed in relation to reproductive and cardiovascular ageing. Premature ageing is associated with both low and high glucocorticoid function. Both over and undernutrition have offspring sex-specific programming effects on life-course glucocorticoid concentrations. Evidence is provided that maternal age at conception affects offspring endocrine and metabolism ageing. Finally, the importance of matching foetal nutrition and energy availability with composition and energy content in the post-weaning diet is demonstrated. This mismatch can lead to a greatly shortened lifespan. General principles are discussed throughout. For example, sexual dimorphism of age-related outcomes can be marked. Accelerated ageing occurs early in life. Improving knowledge on programming ageing interactions will improve health span as well as lifespan. Finally, there are considerable similarities in outcomes programmed by maternal undernutrition and overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México.,Reproductive Biology Department, CONACyT-Cátedras, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City, México
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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14
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Bautista CJ, Reyes-Castro LA, Bautista RJ, Ramirez V, Elias-López AL, Hernández-Pando R, Zambrano E. Different Protein Sources in the Maternal Diet of the Rat during Gestation and Lactation Affect Milk Composition and Male Offspring Development during Adulthood. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2481-2494. [PMID: 34159572 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein sources in maternal diet are important for mammary gland differentiation and milk protein; however, few studies have examined the metabolic and cellular adaptations of mothers based on protein source diets during pregnancy and lactation, and leptin concentration in offspring. We evaluated metabolic parameters and maternal key organs and milk components in mothers at the end of lactation, who were fed different sources of proteins. In postnatal day 110 and 250, we studied development parameters and leptin in male offspring. Female rats received a Vegetal (V) or Animal (A) diet during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male offspring ate V diet until postnatal day 250, which yielded two groups: Vv and Av. Milk dry, protein and fat were analyzed. Maternal metabolic parameters, leptin, and liver, adipose tissue and mammary gland histological analyses were studied. Body weight, food intake and leptin were analyzed in offspring at two ages. Adipose tissue weight and cells size and liver fat, mammary gland apoptosis, weight, milk protein and leptin were higher in A vs V. Maternal liver and milk dry were lower in A vs V. All offspring parameters were higher in Av vs Vv at postnatal day 110; however, at postnatal day 250, leptin was higher in Av vs Vv. Maternal serum and milk leptin had a positive correlation with offspring serum leptin at both ages. Consumption of animal protein-based diets by mothers during developmental periods affects specific maternal organs and changes milk composition during lactation, leading to a hyperleptinemic phenotype in male offsprings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México.
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México
| | - Regina J Bautista
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México
| | - Victoria Ramirez
- Departamento de Cirugia Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, D.F, México
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15
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Lomas-Soria C, Cox LA, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Sexual dimorphism in liver cell cycle and senescence signalling pathways in young and old rats. J Physiol 2021; 599:4309-4320. [PMID: 34387378 DOI: 10.1113/jp281822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
At the molecular level, cellular ageing involves changes in multiple gene pathways. Cellular senescence is both an important initiator and a consequence of natural ageing. Senescence results in changes in multiple cellular mechanisms that result in a natural decrease in cell cycle activity. Liver senescence changes impair hepatic function. Given the well-established sexual dimorphism in ageing, we hypothesized that the natural hepatic ageing process is driven by sex-dependent gene mechanisms. We studied our well-characterized normal, chow-fed rat ageing model, lifespan ∼850 days, in which we have reported ageing of metabolism, reproduction and endocrine function. We performed liver RNA-seq on males and females at 110 and 650 days to determine changes in the cell cycle and cellular senescence signalling pathways. We found that natural liver ageing shows sexual dimorphism in these pathways. RNA-seq revealed more male (3967) than female (283) differentially expressed genes between 110 and 650 days. Cell cycle pathway signalling changes in males showed decreased protein and expression of key genes (Cdk2, Cdk4, Cycd and PCNA) and increased expression ofp57 at 650 vs 110 days. In females, protein and gene expression of cell growth regulators, e.g. p15 and p21, which inhibit cell cycle G1 progression, were increased. The cell senescence pathway also showed sexual dimorphism. Igfbp3, mTOR and p62 gene and protein expression decreased in males while those ofTgfb3 increased in females. Understanding the involvement of cell cycling and cellular senescence pathways in natural ageing will advance evaluation of mechanisms associated with altered ageing and frailty trajectories. KEY POINTS: In rats RNA-seq analysis showed sexual dimorphism in gene expression across the life-course between 110 and 650 days of life. Fourteen times more liver transcriptome and six times more pathway changes were observed in males compared with females. Significant changes were observed in several signalling pathways during ageing. Bioinformatic analysis were focused on changes in genes and protein products related to cell cycle and cellular senescence pathways. Males showed decreased protein product and expression of the key genes Cdk2 and Cdk4 responsible for cell cycle progression while females increased protein product and expression of p21 and p15, key genes responsible for cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, normative rat hepatic ageing involves changes in cellular pathways that control cell cycle arrest but through changes in different genes in males and females. These findings identify mechanisms that underlie the well-established sexual dimorphism in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico, 14080, Mexico.,CONACyT-Cátedras, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico, 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, Mexico, 14080, Mexico
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16
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Medeiros CS, de Sousa Neto IV, Silva KKS, Cantuária APC, Rezende TMB, Franco OL, de Cassia Marqueti R, Freitas-Lima LC, Araujo RC, Yildirim A, Mackenzie R, Alves Almeida J. The Effects of High-Protein Diet and Resistance Training on Glucose Control and Inflammatory Profile of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:1969. [PMID: 34201185 PMCID: PMC8227719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely accepted as a way to stimulate muscle protein synthesis when combined with resistance training (RT). However, the effects of HPDs on adipose tissue plasticity and local inflammation are yet to be determined. This study investigated the impact of HPDs on glucose control, adipocyte size, and epididymal adipose inflammatory biomarkers in resistance-trained rats. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal-protein (NPD; 17% protein total dietary intake) and HPD (26.1% protein) without RT and NPD and HPD with RT. Trained groups received RT for 12 weeks with weights secured to their tails. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, adipocyte size, and an array of cytokines were determined. While HPD without RT induced glucose intolerance, enlarged adipocytes, and increased TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL1-β levels in epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.05), RT diminished these deleterious effects, with the HPD + RT group displaying improved blood glucose control without inflammatory cytokine increases in epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RT increased glutathione expression independent of diet (p < 0.05). RT may offer protection against adipocyte hypertrophy, pro-inflammatory states, and glucose intolerance during HPDs. The results highlight the potential protective effects of RT to mitigate the maladaptive effects of HPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stela Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratório de Análises Moleculares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 72220-275, Brazil; (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Keemilyn Karla Santos Silva
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance—PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Castro Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70790-160, Brazil; (A.P.C.C.); (T.M.B.R.); (O.L.F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70790-160, Brazil; (A.P.C.C.); (T.M.B.R.); (O.L.F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70790-160, Brazil; (A.P.C.C.); (T.M.B.R.); (O.L.F.)
- S-Inova Biotech, Porgrama de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Laboratório de Análises Moleculares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 72220-275, Brazil; (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Azize Yildirim
- Department of Life Science, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4DJ, UK; (A.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- Department of Life Science, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4DJ, UK; (A.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Jeeser Alves Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance—PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
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17
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A distribution-centered approach for analyzing human adipocyte size estimates and their association with obesity-related traits and mitochondrial function. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2108-2117. [PMID: 34172828 PMCID: PMC8380540 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell diameter, area, and volume are established quantitative measures of adipocyte size. However, these different adipocyte sizing parameters have not yet been directly compared regarding their distributions. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate how these adipocyte size measures differ in their distribution and assessed their correlation with anthropometry and laboratory chemistry. In addition, we were interested to investigate the relationship between fat cell size and adipocyte mitochondrial respiratory chain capacity. METHODS Subcutaneous and visceral histology-based adipocyte size estimates from 188 individuals were analyzed by applying a panel of parameters to describe the underlying cell population. Histology-based adipocyte diameter distributions were compared with adipocyte diameter distributions from collagenase digestion. Associations of mean adipocyte size with body mass index (BMI), glucose, HbA1C, blood lipids as well as mature adipocyte mitochondrial respiration were investigated. RESULTS All adipocyte area estimates derived from adipose tissue histology were not normally distributed, but rather characterized by positive skewness. The shape of the size distribution depends on the adipocyte sizing parameter and on the method used to determine adipocyte size. Despite different distribution shapes histology-derived adipocyte area, diameter, volume, and surface area consistently showed positive correlations with BMI. Furthermore, associations between adipocyte sizing parameters and glucose, HbA1C, or HDL specifically in the visceral adipose depot were revealed. Increasing subcutaneous adipocyte diameter was negatively correlated with adipocyte mitochondrial respiration. CONCLUSIONS Despite different underlying size distributions, the correlation with obesity-related traits was consistent across adipocyte sizing parameters. Decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity with increasing subcutaneous adipocyte diameter could display a novel link between adipocyte hypertrophy and adipose tissue function.
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Abstract
Abstract
Lactation is a critical period during which maternal nutritional and environmental challenges affect milk composition and, therefore, organ differentiation, structure, and function in offspring during the early postnatal period. Evidence to date shows that lactation is a vulnerable time during which transient insults can have lasting effects, resulting in altered health outcomes in offspring in adult life. Despite the importance of the developmental programming that occurs during this plastic period of neonatal life, there are few comprehensive reviews of the multiple challenges—especially to the dam—during lactation. This review presents milk data from rodent studies involving maternal nutritional challenges and offspring outcome data from studies involving maternal manipulations during lactation. Among the topics addressed are maternal nutritional challenges and the effects of litter size and artificial rearing on offspring metabolism and neural and endocrine outcomes. The lactation period is an opportunity to correct certain functional deficits resulting from prenatal challenges to the fetus, but, if not personalized, can also lead to undesirable outcomes related to catch up-growth and overnutrition.
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Puttabyatappa M, Sargis RM, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming of insulin resistance: are androgens the culprits? J Endocrinol 2020; 245:R23-R48. [PMID: 32240982 PMCID: PMC7219571 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a common feature of many metabolic disorders. The dramatic rise in the incidence of insulin resistance over the past decade has enhanced focus on its developmental origins. Since various developmental insults ranging from maternal disease, stress, over/undernutrition, and exposure to environmental chemicals can all program the development of insulin resistance, common mechanisms may be involved. This review discusses the possibility that increases in maternal androgens associated with these various insults are key mediators in programming insulin resistance. Additionally, the intermediaries through which androgens misprogram tissue insulin sensitivity, such as changes in inflammatory, oxidative, and lipotoxic states, epigenetic, gut microbiome and insulin, as well as data gaps to be filled are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Promoting DOHaD in Latin America. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:105-107. [PMID: 31937388 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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de los Santos S, Coral-Vázquez RM, Menjivar M, Granados-Silvestre MDLÁ, Tejeda ME, Reyes-Castro LA, Méndez JP, Zambrano E, Canto P. (−)-Epicatechin modifies body composition of the male offspring of obese rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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